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Al Khathlan N. Association of inflammatory cytokines with obesity and pulmonary function testing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294592. [PMID: 37992066 PMCID: PMC10664933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the prevalence of obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 33.7% (women 39.5% and men 29.5%), respectively. The effects of obesity on airway inflammation and respiratory mechanics as well as the function of adipose tissue has a key role in the development of various lung diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the level of cytokines between obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese participants and to assess their association with BMI, airways inflammation and pulmonary function. METHOD One-hundred and seven non-smoking students (18-25 years of age) were recruited using convenience sampling technique for comparative cross-sectional study. Of them, 80 students were eligible and included in the analysis; 54 were non-obese (BMI<30) and 26 were obese (BMI ≥ 30). All the participants underwent anthropometric measurements, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, spirometry and cytokines measurement (IL-6, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-10). Measurements were compared between obese and non-obese groups. Then a correlation test was made between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with BMI, pulmonary function test finding and FeNO. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was 32.5% in the study population. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels was significantly higher in obese than non-obese participants (p = 0.044). The level of FeNO log was significantly higher in obese participants than non-obese (p = 0.002). The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 showed positive correlation with BMI while GMCSF showed negative correlation with FVC (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was found to be significantly higher in obese participants than non-obese participants. Furthermore, it showed positive correlation with BMI whereas pro-inflammatory cytokine GMCSF showed negative correlation with FVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al Khathlan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Ambrosino P, Fuschillo S, Accardo M, Mosella M, Molino A, Spedicato GA, Motta A, Maniscalco M. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Short-Term Variability and Potential Clinical Implications. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1906. [PMID: 36422082 PMCID: PMC9699194 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been proposed for identifying and monitoring eosinophilic airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To explore the clinical utility of FeNO in COPD, we aimed to assess its short-term variability in a clinically stable COPD cohort. METHODS Consecutive COPD patients, formerly smokers, underwent FeNO assessment at the baseline and six time-points through serial sampling spaced 3 days apart. RESULTS A total of 41 patients (mean age 72.9, 87.8% males) showed a median baseline value of FeNO of 11.7 (8.0-16.8) ppb. A weak linear relationship was documented between baseline FeNO values and both eosinophil counts (r = 0.341, p = 0.029) and the percentage of eosinophils (r = 0.331, p = 0.034), confirmed in multiple linear regressions after adjusting for steroid use. The overall individual variability of FeNO between time-points was 3.90 (2.53-7.29) ppb, with no significant difference in the distribution of FeNO values measured at different time-points (p = 0.204). A total of 28 (68.3%) patients exhibited FeNO always below the 25 ppb cut-off at all determinations, while the remining 13 (31.7%) had at least one value above the established limit. Interestingly, none of these 13 participants had FeNO stably above 25 ppb, all showing at least one normal value during serial sampling. Compared to these patients with more fluctuating values, the 28 with stably normal FeNO only exhibited a significantly higher body weight (80.0 ± 18.2 kg vs. 69.0 ± 8.8 kg, p = 0.013) and body mass index (29.7 ± 6.5 kg/m2 vs. 25.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, p = 0.026), confirmed in multiple logistic regressions after adjusting for major potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS A certain degree of FeNO variability, apparently unrelated to eosinophil counts but somehow influenced by body weight, must be considered in COPD patients. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this biomarker may be effectively used to plan more personalized pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Ambrosino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fuschillo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Mariasofia Accardo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Marco Mosella
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Goudarzi H, Kimura H, Makita H, Abe Y, Oguma A, Sato M, Matsumoto M, Takei N, Kimura H, Shimizu K, Suzuki M, Ito YM, Nishimura M, Konno S. Association of abdominal visceral adiposity with sputum IL-5 levels in asthma. Allergol Int 2022; 71:137-139. [PMID: 34535401 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Salem AM. Th1/Th2 cytokines profile in overweight/obese young adults and their correlation with airways inflammation. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:38-44. [PMID: 35140563 PMCID: PMC8801473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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Ai T, Luo R, Zhang L, Wang L, Liao H, Fan Y, Duan Y, Huang Y. The FeNO Normal Value Analysis of Healthy Children Aged 6-15 Years Old in Chengdu. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:753-756. [PMID: 33452647 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) normal value of healthy children, and provide a reliable theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis. METHODS 481 healthy children aged 6-15-y-old in three primary schools in Chengdu were subjected for FeNO detection. Through the statistical analysis, the upper limit normal value of FeNO among the healthy children was obtained, and the related influencing factors of FeNO value were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 481 heathy children, the geometric mean value of FeNO was 14.59 ppb (minimum value was 5 ppb, maximum value was 69 ppb), and the upper limit of normal value was 28 ppb. The age, height, and weight all have significant correlations with FeNO. CONCLUSION The upper limit of FeNO in healthy children aged 6-15-y-old was 28.0 ppb. Inflammation in the airway was suggested when the value of FeNO exceeds 28.0 ppb. Furthermore, the influencing factors such as age, weight, height must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ai
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Ronghua Luo
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huiling Liao
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaping Duan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Section 1, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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Al Khathlan N, Salem AM. The Effect of Adiposity Markers on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) and Pulmonary Function Measurements. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:955-962. [PMID: 33149659 PMCID: PMC7605624 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s280395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of increasing body weight on pulmonary function and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) remains controversial and the role of different body compositions in the relationship between obesity with pulmonary function and FeNO is still unrevealed. Thus, we aim to determine the effect of overweight/obesity on lung function and FeNO, focusing on the relationship with different body compositions. Methods Eighty-two non-smoker students (20 ± 1.9 years) were divided into two groups: 38 subjects with normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.99) and 44 overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25). Spirometric parameters and FeNO were measured and compared between groups and were correlated with different adiposity markers. Results FeNO measurements were elevated in the overweight/obese group [median (IQR) 19.5 (13)] in comparison to the normal weight group [11 (10), p value = 0.017]. A positive correlation was found between FeNO measurements and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and visceral fat percentage (all p values < 0.01). The absolute values of forced vital capacity (FVC) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow during mid-expiration (FEF25–75%), and FEV1/FVC ratio showed no significant differences between groups. However, the percentage of the predicted values of FEV1 and FVC was significantly higher and the value of percentage predicted FEF25–75% was reduced significantly in the overweight/obese subjects. Conclusion Increase in BMI could significantly increase airway inflammation as measured by FeNO, as well as on distal airway function as determined by the percentage predicted values of FEF25–75%. A significant correlation was also identified between visceral fat and FeNO measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al Khathlan
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Jalota L, Allison DR, Prajapati V, Vempilly JJ, Jain VV. Ability of Exhaled Nitric Oxide to Discriminate for Airflow Obstruction Among Frequent Exacerbators of Clinically Diagnosed Asthma. Lung 2018; 196:455-462. [PMID: 29916097 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been proposed as a non-invasive biomarker for allergic inflammation seen in asthma. Many asthmatics in clinical practice have never had spirometry and recent data report misdiagnoses in patients with physician diagnosed (PD) asthma. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of FENO to discriminate between those with and without airflow obstruction (AO) among patients with PD-asthma. METHODS Frequent exacerbators of PD-asthma (with 2 or more asthma exacerbations leading to emergency room visit or hospitalization within last 12 months) were enrolled. All patients underwent diagnostic evaluations including spirometry, FENO testing and serum immunoglobulin (IgE) and eosinophils. Serial spirometry and methacholine challenge testing (MCT) were performed as indicated. AO was defined by a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio (< 70% and/or < LLN), or a positive MCT. RESULTS Of the 222 patients with PD-asthma, AO was found in 136 (vs. 86 without AO). 81.6% of patients with AO and 66.2% without AO completed FENO testing. There was no significant difference in the mean FENO levels among patients with or without AO (40.8 vs. 30.4 ppb, P = 0.10). Likewise, there was no difference in the serum IgE levels and serum eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that FENO levels do not help discriminate between those with and without AO in patients with PD-asthma. Patients who experience symptoms of asthma may have elevated FENO levels above the suggested cut points of 20-25 ppb. Objective confirmation of AO should be considered in all patients with PD-asthma, irrespective of FENO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Jalota
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
| | - D Richard Allison
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
- Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Vinisha Prajapati
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
| | - Jose J Vempilly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
| | - Vipul V Jain
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA.
- Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA, USA.
- Chronic Lung Disease Program, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, 2823, Fresno St, Suite A, Fresno, CA, 93721, USA.
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Torén K, Murgia N, Schiöler L, Bake B, Olin AC. Reference values of fractional excretion of exhaled nitric oxide among non-smokers and current smokers. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:118. [PMID: 28841881 PMCID: PMC5574203 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is used to assess of airway inflammation; diagnose asthma and monitor adherence to advised therapy. Reliable and accurate reference values for FENO are needed for both non-smoking and current smoking adults in the clinical setting. The present study was performed to establish reference adult FENO values among never-smokers, former smokers and current smokers. METHODS FENO was measured in 5265 subjects aged 25-75 years in a general-population study, using a chemiluminescence (Niox ™) analyser according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. Atopy was based on the presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to common inhalant allergens (measured using Phadiatop® test). Spirometry without bronchodilation was performed and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC values were obtained. After excluding subjects with asthma, chronic bronchitis, spirometric airway obstruction and current cold, 3378 subjects remained. Equations for predictions of FENO values were modelled using nonparametric regression models. RESULTS FENO levels were similar in never-smokers and former smokers, and these two groups were therefore merged into a group termed "non-smokers". Reference equations, including the 5th and 95th percentiles, were generated for female and male non-smokers, based on age, height and atopy. Regression models for current smokers were unstable. Hence, the proposed reference values for current smokers are based on the univariate distribution of FENO and fixed cut-off limits. CONCLUSIONS Reference values for FENO among respiratory healthy non-smokers should be outlined stratified for gender using individual reference values. For current smokers separate cut-off limits are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Torén
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section of Occupational medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Murgia
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section of Occupational medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Bake
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lugogo N, Green CL, Agada N, Zhang S, Meghdadpour S, Zhou R, Yang S, Anstrom KJ, Israel E, Martin R, Lemanske RF, Boushey H, Lazarus SC, Wasserman SI, Castro M, Calhoun W, Peters SP, DiMango E, Chinchilli V, Kunselman S, King TS, Icitovic N, Kraft M. Obesity's effect on asthma extends to diagnostic criteria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28624608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of inflammatory biomarkers to delineate the type of lung inflammation present in asthmatic subjects is increasingly common. However, the effect of obesity on these markers is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of obesity on conventional markers of inflammation in asthmatic subjects. METHODS We performed secondary analysis of data from 652 subjects previously enrolled in 2 Asthma Clinical Research Network trials. We performed linear correlations between biomarkers and logistic regression analysis to determine the predictive value of IgE levels, blood eosinophil counts, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values in relationship to sputum eosinophil counts (>2%), as well as to determine whether cut points existed that would maximize the sensitivity and specificity for predicting sputum eosinophilia in the 3 weight groups. RESULTS Overall, statistically significant but relatively weak correlations were observed among all 4 markers of inflammation. Within obese subjects, the only significant correlation found was between IgE levels and blood eosinophil counts (r = 0.33, P < .001); furthermore, all other correlations between inflammatory markers were approximately 0, including correlations with sputum eosinophil counts. In addition, the predictive value of each biomarker alone or in combination was poor in obese subjects. In fact, in obese subjects none of the biomarkers of inflammation significantly predicted the presence of high sputum eosinophil counts. Obese asthmatic subjects have lower cut points for IgE levels (268 IU), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values (14.5 ppb), and blood eosinophil counts (96 cells/μL) than all other groups. CONCLUSIONS In obese asthmatic subjects conventional biomarkers of inflammation are poorly predictive of eosinophilic airway inflammation. As such, biomarkers currently used to delineate eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic subjects should be approached with caution in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njira Lugogo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Cynthia L Green
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Noah Agada
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Riley Children's Hospital, and Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Susanne Meghdadpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Run Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Siyun Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kevin J Anstrom
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Richard Martin
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Homer Boushey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Stephen C Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Stephen I Wasserman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Mo
| | - William Calhoun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Emily DiMango
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Vernon Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Services, Penn State College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Hershey, Pa
| | - Susan Kunselman
- Department of Public Health Services, Penn State College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Hershey, Pa
| | - Tonya S King
- Department of Public Health Services, Penn State College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Hershey, Pa
| | - Nikolina Icitovic
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
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Dinetz SF, Waller JL, Tingen MS. Is the association between exhaled nitric oxide and asthma symptoms altered by body weight in rural adolescents? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:718-719.e1. [PMID: 27789122 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Dinetz
- Division of Allergy-Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Martha S Tingen
- Division of Allergy-Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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