1
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Du L, Deiter F, Bouzidi MS, Billaud JN, Simmons G, Dabral P, Selvarajah S, Lingappa AF, Michon M, Yu SF, Paulvannan K, Manicassamy B, Lingappa VR, Boushey H, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. A viral assembly inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelial cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:486. [PMID: 38649430 PMCID: PMC11035691 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade vaccines and therapeutics underlines the need for innovative therapies with high genetic barriers to resistance. Therefore, there is pronounced interest in identifying new pharmacological targets in the SARS-CoV-2 viral life cycle. The small molecule PAV-104, identified through a cell-free protein synthesis and assembly screen, was recently shown to target host protein assembly machinery in a manner specific to viral assembly. In this study, we investigate the capacity of PAV-104 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs). We show that PAV-104 inhibits >99% of infection with diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants in immortalized AECs, and in primary human AECs cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to represent the lung microenvironment in vivo. Our data demonstrate that PAV-104 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 production without affecting viral entry, mRNA transcription, or protein synthesis. PAV-104 interacts with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and interferes with its oligomerization, blocking particle assembly. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that PAV-104 reverses SARS-CoV-2 induction of the type-I interferon response and the maturation of nucleoprotein signaling pathway known to support coronavirus replication. Our findings suggest that PAV-104 is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19 with a mechanism of action that is distinct from existing clinical management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear St., San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Veterans Administration Health Care System, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Mohamed S Bouzidi
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear St., San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear St., San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear St., San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences Inc, 670 5th St., San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Shao Feng Yu
- Prosetta Biosciences Inc, 670 5th St., San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Kumar Paulvannan
- Prosetta Biosciences Inc, 670 5th St., San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | | | - Homer Boushey
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Veterans Administration Health Care System, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Satish K Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear St., San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA.
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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2
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Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A Pan-Respiratory Antiviral Chemotype Targeting a Host Multi-Protein Complex. bioRxiv 2023:2021.01.17.426875. [PMID: 34931190 PMCID: PMC8687465 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.17.426875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel small molecule antiviral chemotype that was identified by an unconventional cell-free protein synthesis and assembly-based phenotypic screen for modulation of viral capsid assembly. Activity of PAV-431, a representative compound from the series, has been validated against infectious virus in multiple cell culture models for all six families of viruses causing most respiratory disease in humans. In animals this chemotype has been demonstrated efficacious for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (a coronavirus) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (a paramyxovirus). PAV-431 is shown to bind to the protein 14-3-3, a known allosteric modulator. However, it only appears to target the small subset of 14-3-3 which is present in a dynamic multi-protein complex whose components include proteins implicated in viral lifecycles and in innate immunity. The composition of this target multi-protein complex appears to be modified upon viral infection and largely restored by PAV-431 treatment. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding, and drugging, the host-virus interface, which leads to a new clinical therapeutic strategy for treatment of respiratory viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Broce
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C. Reed
- Dept. of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jim Lin
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Brown
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Lau
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Segal
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shi Hong
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Greenland
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satish Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Vishwanath R. Lingappa
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Yuan H, Liu Z, Dong J, Bacharier LB, Jackson D, Mauger D, Boushey H, Castro M, Durack J, Huang YJ, Lemanske RF, Storch GA, Weinstock GM, Wylie K, Covar R, Fitzpatrick AM, Phipatanakul W, Robison RG, Beigelman A, Zhou Y. The Fungal Microbiome of the Upper Airway Is Associated With Future Loss of Asthma Control and Exacerbation Among Children With Asthma. Chest 2023; 164:302-313. [PMID: 37003356 PMCID: PMC10477953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the upper airway bacterial microbiota is implicated in asthma inception, severity, and exacerbation. Unlike bacterial microbiota, the role of the upper airway fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in asthma control is poorly understood. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the upper airway fungal colonization patterns among children with asthma and their relationship with subsequent loss of asthma control and exacerbation of asthma? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The study was coupled with the Step Up Yellow Zone Inhaled Corticosteroids to Prevent Exacerbations (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02066129) clinical trial. The upper airway mycobiome was investigated using Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequencing of nasal blow samples collected from children with asthma when asthma was well controlled (baseline, n = 194) and during early signs of loss of asthma control (yellow zone [YZ], n = 107). RESULTS At baseline, 499 fungal genera were detected in the upper airway samples, with two commensal fungal species, Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta, being most dominant. The relative abundance of Malassezia species varies by age, BMI, and race. Higher relative abundance of M globosa at baseline was associated with lower risk of future YZ episodes (P = .038) and longer time to development of first YZ episode (P = .022). Higher relative abundance of M globosa at YZ episode was associated with lower risk of progression from YZ episode to severe asthma exacerbation (P = .04). The upper airway mycobiome underwent significant changes from baseline to YZ episode, and increased fungal diversity was correlated highly with increased bacterial diversity (ρ = 0.41). INTERPRETATION The upper airway commensal mycobiome is associated with future asthma control. This work highlights the importance of the mycobiota in asthma control and may contribute to the development of fungi-based markers to predict asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jinhong Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - David Mauger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Homer Boushey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Yvonne J Huang
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Gregory A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Kristine Wylie
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel G Robison
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
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4
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Pillai S, Du L, Deiter F, Bouzidi M, Billaud JN, Graham S, Prerna D, Selvarajah S, Lingappa A, Michon M, Yu S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa V, Boushey H, Greenland J. A Novel Viral Assembly Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Airway Epithelial Cells. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2887435. [PMID: 37292622 PMCID: PMC10246244 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2887435/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade vaccines and therapeutics underlines the need for novel therapies with high genetic barriers to resistance. The small molecule PAV-104, identified through a cell-free protein synthesis and assembly screen, was recently shown to target host protein assembly machinery in a manner specific to viral assembly. Here, we investigated the capacity of PAV-104 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs). Our data demonstrate that PAV-104 inhibited > 99% of infection with diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants in primary and immortalized human AECs. PAV-104 suppressed SARS-CoV-2 production without affecting viral entry or protein synthesis. PAV-104 interacted with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and interfered with its oligomerization, blocking particle assembly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PAV-104 reversed SARS-CoV-2 induction of the Type-I interferon response and the 'maturation of nucleoprotein' signaling pathway known to support coronavirus replication. Our findings suggest that PAV-104 is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute/UCSF
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Health Care System/UCSF
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5
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Silberman J, Sarlati S, Harris B, Bokhari W, Boushey H, Chesnutt A, Zhu P, Sitts K, Taylor TH, Willey VJ, Fuentes E, LeKrey M, Hou E, Kaur M, Niyonkuru C, Muscioni G, Bianchi MT, Bota DA, Lee RA. A digital approach to asthma self-management in adults: Protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 122:106902. [PMID: 36049674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Asthma self-management can improve symptom control, but adherence to established self-management behaviors is often poor. With adult asthma uncontrolled in over 60% of U.S. cases, there is a need for scalable, cost-effective tools to improve asthma outcomes. Here we describe a protocol for the Asthma Digital Study, a 24-month, decentralized, pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of a digital asthma self-management (DASM) program on asthma outcomes in adults. The program leverages consumer-grade devices with a smartphone app to provide "smart nudges," symptom logging, trigger tracking, and other features. Participants are recruited (target N = 900) from throughout the U.S., and randomized to a DASM or control arm (1:1). Co-primary outcomes at one year are a) asthma-associated costs for acute care and b) change from baseline in Asthma Control Test™ scores. Findings may inform decisions around adoption of digital tools for asthma self-management. Trial registration:clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04609644. Registered: Oct 30, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siavash Sarlati
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | | | - Warris Bokhari
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Homer Boushey
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly Sitts
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thomas H Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew LeKrey
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Evan Hou
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Guido Muscioni
- Carelon Digital Platforms, Elevance Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniela A Bota
- UCI Center for Clinical Research and Department of Neurology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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6
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Müller-Schiffmann A, Michon M, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A Pan-respiratory Antiviral Chemotype Targeting a Transient Host Multiprotein Complex. bioRxiv 2022:2021.01.17.426875. [PMID: 34931190 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.22.497080v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We present a small molecule chemotype, identified by an orthogonal drug screen, exhibiting nanomolar activity against members of all the six viral families causing most human respiratory viral disease, with a demonstrated barrier to resistance development. Antiviral activity is shown in mammalian cells, including human primary bronchial epithelial cells cultured to an air-liquid interface and infected with SARS-CoV-2. In animals, efficacy of early compounds in the lead series is shown by survival (for a coronavirus) and viral load (for a paramyxovirus). The drug target is shown to include a subset of the protein 14-3-3 within a transient host multi-protein complex containing components implicated in viral lifecycles and in innate immunity. This multi-protein complex is modified upon viral infection and largely restored by drug treatment. Our findings suggest a new clinical therapeutic strategy for early treatment upon upper respiratory viral infection to prevent progression to lower respiratory tract or systemic disease. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY A host-targeted drug to treat all respiratory viruses without viral resistance development.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Homer Boushey
- Emeritus Professor of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Igor Gonda
- Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Johnson C, Sitarik A, Fujimura K, Kim H, Havstad S, Wegienka G, Zoratti E, Lukacs N, Boushey H, Lynch S, Ownby D. The early life trajectory of infant gut microbiota and atopic asthma at 10 years-of-age in a US birth cohort. World Allergy Organ J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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9
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Mitchell JP, Berlinski A, Canisius S, Cipolla D, Dolovich MB, Gonda I, Hochhaus G, Kadrichu N, Lyapustina S, Mansour HM, Darquenne C, Clark AR, Newhouse M, Ehrmann S, Humphries R, Boushey H. Urgent Appeal from International Society for Aerosols in Medicine (ISAM) During COVID-19: Clinical Decision Makers and Governmental Agencies Should Consider the Inhaled Route of Administration: A Statement from the ISAM Regulatory and Standardization Issues Networking Group. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2020; 33:235-238. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2020.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jolyon P. Mitchell
- Jolyon Mitchell Inhaler Consultancy Services, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Berlinski
- Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | | | - Myrna B. Dolovich
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Gonda
- Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guenther Hochhaus
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nani Kadrichu
- Inspired—Pulmonary Solutions LLC, San Carlos, California, USA
| | | | - Heidi M. Mansour
- College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and The University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andy R. Clark
- Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Michael Newhouse
- St. Joseph's Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephan Ehrmann
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Tours, France
| | | | - Homer Boushey
- School of Medicine, Universtiy of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Zoratti E, Panzer A, Sitarik A, Jones K, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Lukacs N, Boushey H, Johnson CC, Ownby D, Lynch S. Prenatal Indoor Dog Exposure and Early Life Gut Microbiota in the Microbes, Asthma, Allergy and Pets Birth Cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Calatroni A, Jackson DJ, Gergen PJ, O’Connor GT, Kattan M, Wood RA, Sandel MT, Lynch SV, Fujimura KE, Fadrosh DW, Santee CA, Boushey H, Visness CM. Longitudinal Phenotypes of Respiratory Health in a High-Risk Urban Birth Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:71-82. [PMID: 30079758 PMCID: PMC6353010 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201801-0190oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Characterization of patterns of wheezing and allergic sensitization in early life may allow for identification of specific environmental exposures impacting asthma development. OBJECTIVES To define respiratory phenotypes in inner-city children and their associations with early-life environmental exposures. METHODS Data were collected prospectively from 442 children in the URECA (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma) birth cohort through age 7 years, reflecting symptoms (wheezing), aeroallergen sensitization, pulmonary function, and body mass index. Latent class mixed models identified trajectories of wheezing, allergic sensitization, and pulmonary function. Cluster analysis defined nonoverlapping groups (termed phenotypes). Potential associations between phenotypes and early-life environmental exposures were examined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Five phenotypes were identified and mainly differentiated by patterns of wheezing and allergic sensitization (low wheeze/low atopy; low wheeze/high atopy; transient wheeze/low atopy; high wheeze/low atopy; high wheeze/high atopy). Asthma was most often present in the high-wheeze phenotypes, with greatest respiratory morbidity among children with frequent wheezing and allergic sensitization. These phenotypes differentially related to early-life exposures, including maternal stress and depression, antenatal environmental tobacco smoke, house dust microbiome, and allergen content (all P < 0.05). Prenatal smoke exposure, maternal stress, and depression were highest in the high-wheeze/low-atopy phenotype. The high-wheeze/high-atopy phenotype was associated with low household microbial richness and diversity. Early-life aeroallergen exposure was low in high-wheeze phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of wheezing, allergic sensitization, and lung function identified five respiratory phenotypes among inner-city children. Early-life environmental exposure to stress, depression, tobacco smoke, and indoor allergens and microbes differentially associate with specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard B. Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Peter J. Gergen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Robert A. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Megan T. Sandel
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kei E. Fujimura
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas W. Fadrosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Clark A. Santee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Homer Boushey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - for the NIAID-sponsored Inner-City Asthma Consortium
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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12
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O'Connor GT, Lynch SV, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, Wood RA, Gergen PJ, Jaffee KF, Calatroni A, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Sandel MT, Johnson CC, Faruqi A, Santee C, Fujimura KE, Fadrosh D, Boushey H, Visness CM, Gern JE. Early-life home environment and risk of asthma among inner-city children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1468-1475. [PMID: 28939248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures in early life appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma, but the potentially modifiable exposures that lead to asthma remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify early-life environmental risk factors for childhood asthma in a birth cohort of high-risk inner-city children. METHODS We examined the relationship of prenatal and early-life environmental factors to the occurrence of asthma at 7 years of age among 442 children. RESULTS Higher house dust concentrations of cockroach, mouse, and cat allergens in the first 3 years of life were associated with lower risk of asthma (for cockroach allergen: odds ratio per interquartile range increase in concentration, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.86; P < .01). House dust microbiome analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing identified 202 and 171 bacterial taxa that were significantly (false discovery rate < 0.05) more or less abundant, respectively, in the homes of children with asthma. A majority of these bacteria were significantly correlated with 1 of more allergen concentrations. Other factors associated significantly positively with asthma included umbilical cord plasma cotinine concentration (odds ratio per geometric SD increase in concentration, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.00-3.09; P = .048) and maternal stress and depression scores. CONCLUSION Among high-risk inner-city children, higher indoor levels of pet or pest allergens in infancy were associated with lower risk of asthma. The abundance of a number of bacterial taxa in house dust was associated with increased or decreased asthma risk. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and higher maternal stress and depression scores in early life were associated with increased asthma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Gordon R Bloomberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Meyer Kattan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Peter J Gergen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Md
| | | | | | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Avrahman Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Megan T Sandel
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Ali Faruqi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Clark Santee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kei E Fujimura
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Douglas Fadrosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Homer Boushey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
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13
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Lugogo N, Green CL, Agada N, Zhang S, Meghdadpour S, Zhou R, Yang S, Anstrom KJ, Israel E, Martin R, Lemanske RF, Boushey H, Lazarus SC, Wasserman SI, Castro M, Calhoun W, Peters SP, DiMango E, Chinchilli V, Kunselman S, King TS, Icitovic N, Kraft M. Obesity's effect on asthma extends to diagnostic criteria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28624608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of inflammatory biomarkers to delineate the type of lung inflammation present in asthmatic subjects is increasingly common. However, the effect of obesity on these markers is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of obesity on conventional markers of inflammation in asthmatic subjects. METHODS We performed secondary analysis of data from 652 subjects previously enrolled in 2 Asthma Clinical Research Network trials. We performed linear correlations between biomarkers and logistic regression analysis to determine the predictive value of IgE levels, blood eosinophil counts, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values in relationship to sputum eosinophil counts (>2%), as well as to determine whether cut points existed that would maximize the sensitivity and specificity for predicting sputum eosinophilia in the 3 weight groups. RESULTS Overall, statistically significant but relatively weak correlations were observed among all 4 markers of inflammation. Within obese subjects, the only significant correlation found was between IgE levels and blood eosinophil counts (r = 0.33, P < .001); furthermore, all other correlations between inflammatory markers were approximately 0, including correlations with sputum eosinophil counts. In addition, the predictive value of each biomarker alone or in combination was poor in obese subjects. In fact, in obese subjects none of the biomarkers of inflammation significantly predicted the presence of high sputum eosinophil counts. Obese asthmatic subjects have lower cut points for IgE levels (268 IU), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values (14.5 ppb), and blood eosinophil counts (96 cells/μL) than all other groups. CONCLUSIONS In obese asthmatic subjects conventional biomarkers of inflammation are poorly predictive of eosinophilic airway inflammation. As such, biomarkers currently used to delineate eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic subjects should be approached with caution in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njira Lugogo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Cynthia L Green
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Noah Agada
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Riley Children's Hospital, and Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Susanne Meghdadpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Run Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Siyun Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kevin J Anstrom
- Department of Biostatistics and BioInformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Richard Martin
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Homer Boushey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Stephen C Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Stephen I Wasserman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Mo
| | - William Calhoun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Emily DiMango
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Vernon Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Services, Penn State College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Hershey, Pa
| | - Susan Kunselman
- Department of Public Health Services, Penn State College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Hershey, Pa
| | - Tonya S King
- Department of Public Health Services, Penn State College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Hershey, Pa
| | - Nikolina Icitovic
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
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14
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Rom WN, Boushey H, Caplan A. Experimental human exposure to air pollutants is essential to understand adverse health effects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:691-6. [PMID: 24024529 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0253ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been found to cause significant global mortality, with 6.8 million excess deaths attributed to air pollution each year, and similarly large numbers of exacerbations of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological research has identified associations, and experimental human exposure has provided critical information on dose-response relationships of adverse effects caused by controlled human exposure to individual pollutants. Human exposures further enable examination of the relationship of adverse effects such as symptoms and pulmonary function changes to presumed mechanisms of disease revealed through analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from the lower respiratory tract. In this Perspective, we analyze the ethics of human exposure, the importance of the information gained, and the risks of such exposure. We find that these studies appear to have been done with proper approval of institutional review boards, were done with informed consent from the participants, and have rarely been associated with serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Rom
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, and
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15
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Himes BE, Qiu W, Klanderman B, Ziniti J, Senter-Sylvia J, Szefler SJ, Lemanske, Jr RF, Zeiger RS, Strunk RC, Martinez FD, Boushey H, Chinchilli VM, Israel E, Mauger D, Koppelman GH, Nieuwenhuis MAE, Postma DS, Vonk JM, Rafaels N, Hansel NN, Barnes K, Raby B, Tantisira KG, Weiss ST. ITGB5 and AGFG1 variants are associated with severity of airway responsiveness. BMC Med Genet 2013; 14:86. [PMID: 23984888 PMCID: PMC3765944 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a primary characteristic of asthma, involves increased airway smooth muscle contractility in response to certain exposures. We sought to determine whether common genetic variants were associated with AHR severity. METHODS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AHR, quantified as the natural log of the dosage of methacholine causing a 20% drop in FEV1, was performed with 994 non-Hispanic white asthmatic subjects from three drug clinical trials: CAMP, CARE, and ACRN. Genotyping was performed on Affymetrix 6.0 arrays, and imputed data based on HapMap Phase 2, was used to measure the association of SNPs with AHR using a linear regression model. Replication of primary findings was attempted in 650 white subjects from DAG, and 3,354 white subjects from LHS. Evidence that the top SNPs were eQTL of their respective genes was sought using expression data available for 419 white CAMP subjects. RESULTS The top primary GWAS associations were in rs848788 (P-value 7.2E-07) and rs6731443 (P-value 2.5E-06), located within the ITGB5 and AGFG1 genes, respectively. The AGFG1 result replicated at a nominally significant level in one independent population (LHS P-value 0.012), and the SNP had a nominally significant unadjusted P-value (0.0067) for being an eQTL of AGFG1. CONCLUSIONS Based on current knowledge of ITGB5 and AGFG1, our results suggest that variants within these genes may be involved in modulating AHR. Future functional studies are required to confirm that our associations represent true biologically significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E Himes
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Partners HealthCare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Klanderman
- Partners HealthCare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Ziniti
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jody Senter-Sylvia
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanley J Szefler
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Robert S Zeiger
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California Region, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Strunk
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Homer Boushey
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Department of Biostatistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Mauger
- Department of Biostatistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje AE Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Partners HealthCare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Lasky-Su J, Himes BE, Raby BA, Klanderman BJ, Sylvia JS, Lange C, Melen E, Martinez FD, Israel E, Gauderman J, Gilliland F, Sleiman P, Hakonarson H, Celedón JC, Soto-Quiros M, Avila L, Lima JJ, Irvin CG, Peters SP, Boushey H, Chinchilli VM, Mauger D, Tantisira K, Weiss ST. HLA-DQ strikes again: genome-wide association study further confirms HLA-DQ in the diagnosis of asthma among adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2013. [PMID: 23181788 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children and adults. An important genetic component to asthma susceptibility has long been recognized, most recently through the identification of several genes (e.g., ORMDL3, PDE4D, HLA-DQ, and TLE4) via genome-wide association studies. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants associated with asthma affection status using genome-wide association data. METHODS We describe results from a genome-wide association study on asthma performed in 3855 subjects using a panel of 455 089 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULT The genome-wide association study resulted in the prioritization of 33 variants for immediate follow-up in a multi-staged replication effort. Of these, a common polymorphism (rs9272346) localizing to within 1 Kb of HLA-DQA1 (chromosome 6p21.3) was associated with asthma in adults (P-value = 2.2E-08) with consistent evidence in the more heterogeneous group of adults and children (P-value = 1.0E-04). Moreover, some genes identified in prior asthma GWAS were nominally associated with asthma in our populations. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings further replicate the HLA-DQ region in the pathogenesis of asthma. HLA-DQA1 is the fourth member of the HLA family found to be associated with asthma, in addition to the previously identified HLA-DRA, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lasky-Su
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Himes BE, Sheppard K, Berndt A, Leme AS, Myers RA, Gignoux CR, Levin AM, Gauderman WJ, Yang JJ, Mathias RA, Romieu I, Torgerson DG, Roth LA, Huntsman S, Eng C, Klanderman B, Ziniti J, Senter-Sylvia J, Szefler SJ, Lemanske RF, Zeiger RS, Strunk RC, Martinez FD, Boushey H, Chinchilli VM, Israel E, Mauger D, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, Nieuwenhuis MAE, Vonk JM, Lima JJ, Irvin CG, Peters SP, Kubo M, Tamari M, Nakamura Y, Litonjua AA, Tantisira KG, Raby BA, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, London SJ, Barnes KC, Gilliland FD, Williams LK, Burchard EG, Nicolae DL, Ober C, DeMeo DL, Silverman EK, Paigen B, Churchill G, Shapiro SD, Weiss ST. Integration of mouse and human genome-wide association data identifies KCNIP4 as an asthma gene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56179. [PMID: 23457522 PMCID: PMC3572953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The genetics of asthma have been widely studied in mouse and human, and homologous genomic regions have been associated with mouse AHR and human asthma-related phenotypes. Our goal was to identify asthma-related genes by integrating AHR associations in mouse with human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. We used Efficient Mixed Model Association (EMMA) analysis to conduct a GWAS of baseline AHR measures from males and females of 31 mouse strains. Genes near or containing SNPs with EMMA p-values <0.001 were selected for further study in human GWAS. The results of the previously reported EVE consortium asthma GWAS meta-analysis consisting of 12,958 diverse North American subjects from 9 study centers were used to select a subset of homologous genes with evidence of association with asthma in humans. Following validation attempts in three human asthma GWAS (i.e., Sepracor/LOCCS/LODO/Illumina, GABRIEL, DAG) and two human AHR GWAS (i.e., SHARP, DAG), the Kv channel interacting protein 4 (KCNIP4) gene was identified as nominally associated with both asthma and AHR at a gene- and SNP-level. In EVE, the smallest KCNIP4 association was at rs6833065 (P-value 2.9e-04), while the strongest associations for Sepracor/LOCCS/LODO/Illumina, GABRIEL, DAG were 1.5e-03, 1.0e-03, 3.1e-03 at rs7664617, rs4697177, rs4696975, respectively. At a SNP level, the strongest association across all asthma GWAS was at rs4697177 (P-value 1.1e-04). The smallest P-values for association with AHR were 2.3e-03 at rs11947661 in SHARP and 2.1e-03 at rs402802 in DAG. Functional studies are required to validate the potential involvement of KCNIP4 in modulating asthma susceptibility and/or AHR. Our results suggest that a useful approach to identify genes associated with human asthma is to leverage mouse AHR association data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E Himes
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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18
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Wegienka G, Hasiec E, Boushey H, Johnson CC, Strickler R, Zoratti E, Havstad S. Studying forced expiratory volume at 1 second over menstrual segments in asthmatic and non-asthmatic women: assessing protocol feasibility. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:261. [PMID: 22642760 PMCID: PMC3392749 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex hormones may play an important role in observed gender differences in asthma incidence and severity, as well as in the observed changes in asthma symptoms during times of hormonal fluctuation (i.e.; premenstrual, pregnancy, etc.). This pilot study sought to demonstrate the feasibility of data collection methods to investigate the effects of sex hormones on lung function in women. Findings A cohort of 13 women (6 with and 7 without prior asthma diagnoses) who were having menstrual periods and were not taking hormones collected urine samples daily for measurement of estrogen (estrone E1C) and progesterone (Pregnanediol-glucuronide PDG) metabolites over the course of a menstrual segment (bleeding episode plus the following bleeding-free interval). Hormones were used to estimate menstrual segment phase (follicular versus luteal) based on a published algorithm. Daily bleeding and FEV1 measurements were recorded and percent predicted FEV1 was calculated. Percent predicted FEV1 decreased over the course of the follicular but not the luteal phase. More specifically, among women without a prior asthma diagnosis, the E1C/PDG ratio and E1C and PDG were individually associated with FEV1 in the follicular phase. No associations were found between hormones and percent predicted FEV1 in the luteal phase or among asthmatic women. E1C was associated with FEV1 in the five days before bleeding onset only among non-asthmatic women. Discussion A study of contiguous daily hormones and symptoms over menstrual segments from a large group of women with and without asthma is needed to better determine within-woman cyclicity of the observed patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Wootton SC, Kim DS, Kondoh Y, Chen E, Lee JS, Song JW, Huh JW, Taniguchi H, Chiu C, Boushey H, Lancaster LH, Wolters PJ, DeRisi J, Ganem D, Collard HR. Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1698-702. [PMID: 21471095 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201010-1752oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, uniformly fatal interstitial lung disease. An acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an episode of acute respiratory worsening without an identifiable etiology. Occult viral infection has been proposed as a possible cause of acute exacerbation. OBJECTIVES To use unbiased genomics-based discovery methods to define the role of viruses in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage and serum from patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, stable disease, and acute lung injury were tested for viral nucleic acid using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, pan-viral microarray, and high-throughput cDNA sequencing. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Four of forty-three patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had evidence of common respiratory viral infection (parainfluenza [n = 1], rhinovirus [n = 2], coronavirus [n = 1]); no viruses were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage from stable patients. Pan-viral microarrays revealed additional evidence of viral infection (herpes simplex virus [n = 1], Epstein-Barr virus [n = 2], and torque teno virus [TTV] [n = 12]) in patients with acute exacerbation. TTV infection was significantly more common in patients with acute exacerbation than stable controls (P = 0.0003), but present in a similar percentage of acute lung injury controls. Deep sequencing of a subset of acute exacerbation cases confirmed the presence of TTV but did not identify additional viruses. CONCLUSIONS Viral infection was not detected in most cases of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. TTV was present in a significant minority of cases, and cases of acute lung injury; the clinical significance of this finding remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chao Wootton
- UC San Francisco/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Sabin B, Sabin A, McErlean P, Ward T, Liu J, Boushey H, Avila P. Airway Cytokine Pattern Predicts Severity of Asthma Symptoms During Colds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Habib A, Kim I, Lee S, Boushey H, Ward T, Liu J, Schleimer R, Avila P, Cho S. Elevation Of Sputum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels In The Subjects With Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Anderson SD, Pearlman DS, Rundell KW, Perry CP, Boushey H, Sorkness CA, Nichols S, Weiler JM. Reproducibility of the airway response to an exercise protocol standardized for intensity, duration, and inspired air conditions, in subjects with symptoms suggestive of asthma. Respir Res 2010; 11:120. [PMID: 20807446 PMCID: PMC2939602 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise testing to aid diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is commonly performed. Reproducibility of the airway response to a standardized exercise protocol has not been reported in subjects being evaluated with mild symptoms suggestive of asthma but without a definite diagnosis. This study examined reproducibility of % fall in FEV1 and area under the FEV1 time curve for 30 minutes in response to two exercise tests performed with the same intensity and duration of exercise, and inspired air conditions. METHODS Subjects with mild symptoms of asthma exercised twice within approximately 4 days by running for 8 minutes on a motorized treadmill breathing dry air at an intensity to induce a heart rate between 80-90% predicted maximum; reproducibility of the airway response was expressed as the 95% probability interval. RESULTS Of 373 subjects challenged twice 161 were positive (≥ 10% fall FEV1 on at least one challenge). The EIB was mild and 77% of subjects had <15% fall on both challenges. Agreement between results was 76.1% with 56.8% (212) negative (< 10% fall FEV1) and 19.3% (72) positive on both challenges. The remaining 23.9% of subjects had only one positive test. The 95% probability interval for reproducibility of the % fall in FEV1 and AUC0-30 min was ± 9.7% and ± 251% for all 278 adults and ± 13.4% and ± 279% for all 95 children. The 95% probability interval for reproducibility of % fall in FEV1 and AUC0-30 min for the 72 subjects with two tests ≥ 10% fall FEV1 was ± 14.6% and ± 373% and for the 34 subjects with two tests ≥ 15% fall FEV1 it was ± 12.2% and ± 411%. Heart rate and estimated ventilation achieved were not significantly different either on the two test days or when one test result was positive and one was negative. CONCLUSIONS Under standardized, well controlled conditions for exercise challenge, the majority of subjects with mild symptoms of asthma demonstrated agreement in test results. Performing two tests may need to be considered when using exercise to exclude or diagnose EIB, when prescribing prophylactic treatment to prevent EIB and when designing protocols for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Anderson
- Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, 11 West, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David S Pearlman
- Colorado Allergy and Asthma Centers, Suite 150/125 Rampart Way, Denver CO 80230- 6405, USA
| | - Kenneth W Rundell
- Professor of The Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, 150 North Washington Avenue, Scranton PA, PA 18503-1843, USA
| | - Claire P Perry
- Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, 11 West, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Homer Boushey
- Asthma Clinical Research Center, University of California, San Francisco CA 90089, USA
| | - Christine A Sorkness
- Department of Medicine, Allergy and Asthma Clinical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sara Nichols
- CompleWare Corporation, PO Box 3090, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA
| | - John M Weiler
- CompleWare Corporation, PO Box 3090, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242, USA
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Quraishi J, Greiman A, Tang M, Shen J, Boushey H, Avila P, Favoreto S. Viperin Antiviral Response in Upper Airways is Similar in Asthmatic and Healthy Subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Boushey H, Enright P. Spirometry enhances identification of high-risk patients with asthma. Chest 2007; 132:1112-3. [PMID: 17934110 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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26
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Yawn BP, Enright PL, Lemanske RF, Israel E, Pace W, Wollan P, Boushey H. Spirometry can be done in family physicians' offices and alters clinical decisions in management of asthma and COPD. Chest 2007; 132:1162-8. [PMID: 17550939 DOI: 10.1378/chest.06-2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirometry is recommended for diagnosis and management of obstructive lung disease. While many patients with asthma and COPD are cared for by primary care practices, limited data are available on the use and results associated with spirometry in primary care. OBJECT To assess the technical adequacy, accuracy of interpretation, and impact of office spirometry. DESIGN A before-and-after quasiexperimental design. SETTING Three hundred eighty-two patients from 12 family medicine practices across the United States. PARTICIPANTS Patients with asthma and COPD, and staff from the 12 practices. MEASUREMENTS Technical adequacy of spirometry results, concordance between family physician and pulmonary expert interpretations of spirometry test results, and changes in asthma and COPD management following spirometry testing. RESULTS Of the 368 tests completed over the 6 months, 71% were technically adequate for interpretation. Family physician and pulmonary expert interpretations were concordant in 76% of completed tests. Spirometry was followed by changes in management in 48% of subjects with completed tests, including 107 medication changes (>85% concordant with guideline recommendations) and 102 nonpharmacologic changes. Concordance between family physician and expert interpretations of spirometry results was higher in those patients with asthma compared to those with COPD. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS US family physicians can perform and interpret spirometry for asthma and COPD patients at rates comparable to those published in the literature for international primary care studies, and the spirometry results modify care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P Yawn
- Olmsted Medical Center, Department of Research, 210 Ninth St SE, Rochester, MN 55904, USA.
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Ratto J, Wong H, Liu J, Fahy J, Boushey H, Solomon C, Balmes J. Effects of multiday exposure to ozone on airway inflammation as determined using sputum induction. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:209-12. [PMID: 16451856 PMCID: PMC1367833 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Single short-term exposures to ozone are known to cause acute changes in pulmonary function and neutrophilic airway inflammation. The respiratory health effects of repeated exposures are not as well studied. Pulmonary function decrements are known to attenuate, but it is less clear how injury and inflammation are affected. Using sputum induction (SI) to sample respiratory tract lining fluid after single- and multiday exposures, we designed a study to test the hypothesis that neutrophils would increase after multiday exposure compared with single-day exposure. In a randomized, crossover design, 15 normal healthy subjects were exposed to O3 (0.2 ppm) under two conditions: for 4 hr for 1 day (1D) and for 4 hr for 4 consecutive days (4D). Pulmonary function testing was performed immediately before and after each 4-hr exposure. The SI was performed 18 hr after the end of the 1D and 4D conditions. The symptom and pulmonary function data followed a pattern seen in other multiday O3 exposure studies, with the greatest changes occurring on the second day. In contrast to previous studies using bronchoalveolar lavage, however, there was a significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils and a significant decrease in the percentage of macrophages after the 4D condition compared with the 1D condition. Given that SI likely samples proximal airways better than distal lung, these results add to the body of evidence that differential airway compartmental responses to O3 occur in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Ratto
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0843, USA
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Kelly HW, Harkins MS, Boushey H. The role of inhaled long-acting beta-2 agonists in the management of asthma. J Natl Med Assoc 2006; 98:8-16. [PMID: 16532973 PMCID: PMC2594808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of inhaled beta-2 agonists in the management of asthma has changed significantly over the last several years. This review outlines the most recent understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma and the studies that define the roles that both short- and long-acting beta-2 agonists play in therapy for this disease. A concentration on the clinical pharmacology and genetic implications for clinical use of this class of drugs in accordance with the national and international guidelines are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- H William Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Boushey H, Enright P, Samet J. Spirometry for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Case Finding in Primary Care? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:1481-2. [PMID: 16339010 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2509009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Chen Y, Hamati E, Lee PK, Lee WM, Wachi S, Schnurr D, Yagi S, Dolganov G, Boushey H, Avila P, Wu R. Rhinovirus induces airway epithelial gene expression through double-stranded RNA and IFN-dependent pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 34:192-203. [PMID: 16210696 PMCID: PMC2644182 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0417oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infection is the major cause of common colds and of asthma exacerbations. Because the epithelial cell layer is the primary target of RV infection, we hypothesize that RV-induced airway disease is associated with the perturbation of airway epithelial gene expression. In this study, well differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells were infected with either RV16 (major group) or RV1B (minor group). Transcriptional gene profiles from RV-infected and mock-infected control cells were analyzed by Affymetrix Genechip, and changes of the gene expression were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analysis. At 24 h after infection, 48 genes induced by both viruses were identified. Most of these genes are related to the IFN pathway, and have been documented to have antiviral functions. Indeed, a significant stimulation of IFN-beta secretion was detected after RV16 infection. Neutralizing antibody specific to IFN-beta and a specific inhibitor of the Janus kinase pathway both significantly blocked the induction of RV-inducible genes. Further studies demonstrated that 2-aminopurine, a specific inhibitor double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, could block both IFN-beta production and RV-induced gene expression. Thus, IFN-beta-dependent pathway is a part of the double-stranded RNA-initiated pathway that is responsible for RV-induced gene expression. Consistent with its indispensable role in the induction of antiviral genes, deactivation of this signaling pathway significantly enhanced viral production. Because increase of viral yield is associated with the severity of RV-induced airway illness, the discovery of an epithelial antiviral signaling pathway in this study will contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of RV-induced colds and asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Chen
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genomic and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Suite 6510, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Craig T, Chinchilli V, Lehman E, Zimmerman R, Lemanske R, Boushey H, Pesola G. Associations among gender, race, and age on allergen sensitivity in patients with objectively diagnosed asthma recruited into Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) protocols. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)81200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dorinsky PM, Yancey SY, Rouse P, Emmett A, Boushey H. Effect of Switching from High-dose Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) to Low-dose ICS plus an Inhaled Long-acting β 2 -agonist on Airway Inflammatory Cells and Mediators and Airway Remodelin. Chest 2003. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.124.4_meetingabstracts.86s-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether analysis of the constituents of induced sputum could be used to document the efficacy of a nurse-delivered patient education intervention and whether changes in the biological markers of inflammation in sputum would correlate with improvements in pulmonary function and symptoms. DESIGN The study design was prospective, open trial with repeated measures. SETTING The study took place at a West Coast academic medical center laboratory. SUBJECTS Subjects included 12 nonsmoking persons with asthma, ages 23 to 51 years, on prescribed daily anti-inflammatory inhaled therapy who had not required oral prednisone in the previous 4 weeks of enrollment. METHOD The effect of one 30-minute asthma education session on spirometry, peak flow, symptoms, and biological markers of inflammation in sputum was tested for 8 weeks to determine whether biological markers reflect the efficacy of educational interventions. RESULTS Mean symptom scores decreased and lung function increased slightly over 8 weeks. Markers of eosinophil degranulation decreased by 50% and albumin by 25% from baseline to 8 weeks. Eosinophil percentages dropped 20% over time but did not change consistently at all time points. Clinical markers of asthma control correlated in the low-to-moderate range with biological markers of airway inflammation. CONCLUSION The results of this study show the effects of a patient education intervention can be detected in both clinical and biological outcomes. Individual education may influence self-care of asthma including adherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy and thereby suppress airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janson
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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36
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Boushey H. Targets for asthma therapy. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 2000; 32:336-41. [PMID: 11195856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Most asthma is allergic in origin, the disease involves four distinct phases of response: the sensitization phase and the activation phase, followed by the effector phase, initiated by the release of pharmacologically active agents, the growth and repair phase, characterized by proliferation of tissues as "remodeling" of the airway wall, altering structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Boushey
- Asthma Clinical Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wanner
- University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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38
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Steiger D, Fahy J, Boushey H, Finkbeiner WE, Basbaum C. Use of mucin antibodies and cDNA probes to quantify hypersecretion in vivo in human airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 10:538-45. [PMID: 8179917 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.10.5.8179917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a prominent feature of the airway's response to injury. The ability to quantitatively detect mucin and mucin mRNA in vivo in human airways would facilitate the determination of safe exposure levels to various air pollutants and the identification of drugs capable of attenuating mucus hypersecretion. To this end, we have developed two assays: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantifying mucin-like molecules and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay quantifying mucin mRNA. These tests are performed on bronchial lavage fluid and epithelial cells brushed from the surfaces of human airways at bronchoscopy. The PCR data are normalized to eliminate potentially confounding effects of nonepithelial cells in the samples. In a study of six smokers and six nonsmokers, the ELISA detected significantly more mucin-like material in the airways of the smokers than of the nonsmokers. The median mucin concentration for the smokers was 52.2 micrograms/ml (range, 16.3 to 4,860.0), whereas that for the nonsmokers was 12.7 micrograms/ml (range, 4.5 to 22.9). The difference between smokers and nonsmokers was statistically significant (P < or = 0.01). The PCR-based test showed a trend for RNA samples from smokers to be enriched (vis-à-vis nonsmokers) in mucin mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Steiger
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Abstract
It is known that cromolym sodium and nedocromil sodium share similar antiallergic properties. This study examined whether nedocromil sodium, a pyranoquinoline dicarboxylic acid, could inhibit sulfur dioxide (SO2) bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner in 10 men with mild asthma. Previous studies have shown that cromolyn sodium produces such inhibition in allergic monkeys and asthmatic subjects. Subjects in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study were nonsmoking men between the ages of 23 and 40 years (mean age, 30.7 years). The study took place over 5 days within a 3-week period. On the first of 5 days, each subject had a history taken and physical examination, SO2 baseline test, laboratory testing, and a methacoline dose-response test. On each of 4 test days, the subjects received pretreatment with either placebo or a 2, 4, or 8 mg dose of nedocromil sodium in a randomized, double-blind sequence, followed after 30 minutes by an SO2 dose-response test. Results showed that maximum bronchoconstriction response to SO2 was significantly attenuated (p < 0.01) by all three doses of nedocromil sodium, with small differences noted between dose levels. We concluded that nedocromil sodium inhibited SO2-induced bronchospasm at dose levels as low as 2 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bigby
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco
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Willerson D, Becker CE, Boushey H, Kimball RS, Kass L. Hodgkin's disease exclusively with bone marrow involvement. JAMA 1970; 214:2197-8. [PMID: 5536590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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