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Jacobs KA. Changes of intuition in paranoid personality disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1307629. [PMID: 38268566 PMCID: PMC10807694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1307629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wherever psychopathology operates with the concept of (disorders of) the self and personality, it can address the role of the intuitive access we have toward ourselves, others, and the world. This study discusses the concept of oikeiôsis. It examines its role in explaining paranoia as a change in intuitive self-and-world relatedness. In the first step, symptomatic features of paranoid personality disorder are sketched, with a focus on the explanatory role of attentional and interpretative biases, which correlate with significant changes in intuitive processing. In the second step, the prototypical phenomenality of feelings of unfamiliarity and mistrust are discussed against the backdrop of changes of oikeiôsis in paranoid personality disorder. In the third step, the main therapeutic challenge in treating paranoid personality disorder-building a trustful relationship-is explored. It is concluded that the notion of oikeiôsis resonates particularly with introspection-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrin Artemis Jacobs
- Department of Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience (CHAIN), University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
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van den Heuvel LL, Assim A, Koning M, Nöthling J, Seedat S. Childhood maltreatment and internalizing/externalizing disorders in trauma-exposed adolescents: Does posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity have a mediating role? Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38017689 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with wide-ranging psychopathology at all stages of life. In the current study, we investigated whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing disorders among 262 South African trauma-exposed adolescents (aged 12-18 years). Childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptom severity were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Checklist, respectively. Psychiatric disorders were assessed utilizing the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version and were grouped into internalizing or externalizing disorders. Hierarchal logistic regression was used to assess the association of childhood maltreatment subtype with internalizing and externalizing disorders, controlling for age and gender, with PTSD symptom severity added to the final model. We found that sexual abuse was significantly associated with internalizing disorders, although this effect was no longer significant when PTSD was added to the model demonstrating that PTSD mediated the association between sexual abuse and internalizing disorders. Physical abuse, but not PTSD, was associated with externalizing disorders. Physical abuse, emotional neglect, and PTSD were associated with comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. These findings have implications for intervention and prevention strategies targeted at trauma-exposed adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ayesha Assim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Milo Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Calder R, Dakin P. Valued, loved and safe: the foundations for healthy individuals and a healthier society. Med J Aust 2023; 219 Suppl 10:S11-S14. [PMID: 37982336 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny Dakin
- Office of the CEO, Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth, Canberra, ACT
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Ma C, Song J. Parental emotional neglect and academic procrastination: the mediating role of future self-continuity and ego depletion. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16274. [PMID: 37901465 PMCID: PMC10601898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of parental emotional neglect on the academic procrastination of late adolescents and further analyze the mediating role of future self-continuity and ego depletion. This study included 609 college students, 344 males and 265 females, ranging in age from 17 to 21 years (M = 18.39, SD = 0.82), who responded to four questionnaires measuring parental emotional neglect, academic procrastination, future self-continuity, and ego depletion, respectively. The results showed that future self-continuity and ego depletion mediated the association between parental emotional neglect and late adolescents' academic procrastination in a serial pattern. Perceived higher levels of parental emotional neglect correlated with lower future self-continuity and higher ego depletion in these late adolescents, leading to higher levels of academic procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensen Ma
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Institute of Applied Psychology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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Korem N, Ben-Zion Z, Spiller TR, Duek OA, Harpaz-Rotem I, Pietrzak RH. Correlates of avoidance coping in trauma-exposed U.S. military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:89-97. [PMID: 37437721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Avoidant coping strategies, which involve cognitions and behaviors aimed to avoid dealing with stressful experiences, are associated with adverse long-term mental and physical health outcomes. In response to traumatic events, these strategies can be maladaptive as they may interfere with the adaptive integration of traumatic events into consolidated memories. Using data from a nationally representative sample of more than 3000 trauma-exposed U.S. military veterans (mean time since trauma 30.9 years, SD = 19.9), we employed a network analytic approach to examine pairwise associations between key sociodemographic, personality, and psychosocial risk factors in relation to the endorsement of avoidant coping strategies. Results revealed that negative affect symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adverse childhood experiences were positively associated with engagement in avoidance coping, and that greater emotional stability and conscientiousness were negatively associated with this measure. Secondary network analysis of individual negative affect symptoms of PTSD suggested that blaming oneself and/or others for the traumatic event, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse were most strongly linked to avoidance coping. Collectively, these results suggest that strong feelings of blame related to trauma, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse are associated with greater likelihood of engaging in avoidance coping, while emotional stability and conscientiousness are associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachshon Korem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias R Spiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Or A Duek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Jin X, Xu B, Xu R, Yin X, Yan S, Zhang Y, Jin H. The influence of childhood emotional neglect experience on brain dynamic functional connectivity in young adults. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2258723. [PMID: 37736668 PMCID: PMC10519269 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2258723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood emotional neglect (CEN) confers a great risk for developing multiple psychiatric disorders; however, the neural basis for this association remains unknown. Using a dynamic functional connectivity approach, this study aimed to examine the effects of CEN experience on functional brain networks in young adults.Method: In total, 21 healthy young adults with CEN experience and 26 without childhood trauma experience were recruited. The childhood trauma experience was assessed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and eligible participants underwent resting-state functional MRI. Sliding windows and k-means clustering were used to identify temporal features of large-scale functional connectivity states (frequency, mean dwell time, and transition numbers).Result: Dynamic analysis revealed two separate connection states: state 1 was more frequent and characterized by extensive weak connections between the brain regions. State 2 was relatively infrequent and characterized by extensive strong connections between the brain regions. Compared to the control group, the CEN group had a longer mean dwell time in state 1 and significantly decreased transition numbers between states 1 and 2.Conclusion: The CEN experience affects the temporal properties of young adults' functional brain connectivity. Young adults with CEN experience tend to be stable in state 1 (extensive weak connections between the brain regions), reducing transitions between states, and reflecting impaired metastability or functional network flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Yin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhen Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Na PJ, Fischer IC, Shear KM, Pietrzak RH. Prevalence, Correlates, and Psychiatric Burden of Prolonged Grief Disorder in U.S. Military Veterans: Results From a Nationally Representative Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:543-548. [PMID: 36878740 PMCID: PMC11143540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the point prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in a nationally-representative sample of United States (U.S.) veterans. METHODS Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative study of 2,441 U.S. veterans. RESULTS A total of 158 (weighted 7.3%) veterans screened positive for PGD. The strongest correlates of PGD were adverse childhood experiences, female sex, non-natural causes of death, knowing someone who died from coronavirus disease 2019, and number of close losses. After adjusting for sociodemographic, military, and trauma variables, veterans with PGD were 5-to-9 times more likely to screen positive for post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. After additional adjustment for current psychiatric and substance use disorders, they were 2-3 times more likely to endorse suicidal thoughts and behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the importance of targeting PGD as an independent risk factor for psychiatric disorders and suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Na
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System (PJN), West Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (PJN, RHP), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Ian C Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry (PJN, RHP), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; National Center for PTSD (ICF, RHP), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | | | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry (PJN, RHP), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; National Center for PTSD (ICF, RHP), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RHP), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Xiao Z, Obsuth I, Meinck F, Murray AL. Latent profiles of childhood psychological maltreatment and their links to adult mental health in China and the UK. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:30. [PMID: 36829174 PMCID: PMC9960471 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though links between childhood maltreatment and mental health have been established, little known about how specific types of childhood maltreatment tend to cluster and how the resulting patterns of exposure impact mental health outcomes. METHOD The current study used latent profile analyses in Chinese (N = 544) and UK (N = 589) samples to identify childhood psychological maltreatment profiles (i.e., profiles of psychological abuse, psychological neglect, and psychological non-support) in different country contexts, and their associations with a range of mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, anger, physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility), and broader well-being (i.e., self-esteem) outcomes. Unadjusted as well as analyses adjusted for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were conducted. RESULTS Four profiles were identified in both samples, but their nature differed between the Chinese sample ("Psychological Non-support", "Low-Maltreated", "High-Maltreated", and "Severe-Maltreated") and the UK sample ("Low-Maltreated", "Moderate-Maltreated", "High-Maltreated", and "Severe-Maltreated"). Individuals in the "Psychological Non-support" in China and "Low-Maltreated" class in the UK displayed better mental health outcomes-lower levels of depression, anxiety, and aggression, and higher self-esteem. In contrast, individuals in the "Severe-Maltreated" profiles in both the Chinese and UK samples displayed poorer mental health outcomes-higher depression, anxiety, and aggression, and lower self-esteem. Interventions and prevention efforts are needed for individuals categorized in profiles affected by psychological maltreatment. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of using targeted intervention or prevention to prevent psychological maltreatment, as well as improve mental health outcomes in individuals who have experienced psychological maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoni Xiao
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Ingrid Obsuth
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Franziska Meinck
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,grid.25881.360000 0000 9769 2525Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
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Jin X, Xu B, Lin H, Chen J, Xu R, Jin H. The influence of childhood emotional neglect on emotional face processing in young adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 232:103814. [PMID: 36527819 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood emotional neglect (CEN) refers to a failure to meet the basic emotional needs of a child, which can seriously impact interpersonal communication and psychological health in young adults. Emotional face processing is critical in interpersonal communication; however, whether CEN affects this processing in young adults has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the effects of CEN on emotional face processing in young adults. Using the Child Trauma Questionnaire, an online survey was conducted with 5010 students from four universities in Tianjin, China. After online interviews and diagnosis by professional doctors, we obtained 20 participants with CEN (CEN group) and 20 without CEN (control group). None of the participants had any mental diseases. A 2 × 4 mixed design was used to investigate the differences in accuracy and response time when identifying the valence of the emotional faces. Compared to the control group, the CEN group identified the valence of all emotional faces more slowly, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of accuracy. CEN caused delayed emotional face processing in young adults, which may be related to unresponsive, unavailable, and limited emotional interaction patterns between parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huiyan Lin
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ruitong Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Kızıltepe R, Ebeoğlu-Duman M, Sağel-Çetiner E, Hecker T. The unique contribution of childhood maltreatment types to risk-taking behavior and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Jacobs KA. The concept of Narcissistic Personality Disorder-Three levels of analysis for interdisciplinary integration. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:989171. [PMID: 36465294 PMCID: PMC9709503 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, I distinguish three different levels for describing, and three corresponding ways for understanding, deficient empathy as the core of NPD (Narcissistic Personality Disorder). On the macro level, deficient empathy can be explained as disturbed interpersonal functioning, and is understood as lack of recognition. On the meso-level, deficient empathy can be described as psychic disintegration, and can be understood specifically in its dissocial aspects. Psychic disintegration in NPD correlates with somatic changes, i.e., dysfunctional affective empathy and mind-reading on the micro level of description, which is the third level. The "core-deficit-model of NPD" that I outline, while not rejecting reductionist approaches outright, argues in favor of integrating (top-down/bottom-up) functionalist descriptions of empathy into a wider conceptual framework of bio-psycho-social functioning. The "core-deficit-model of NPD" is interdisciplinary, can bypass monodisciplinary skepticism, and removes purported barriers between explaining and understanding the "lack" of empathy as the core of pathological narcissism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrin A. Jacobs
- Department of Philosophy and Ethics, Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience (CHAIN), University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Zeng M, Lan M, Liu Y, Li J, Chen H, Yang J. Childhood emotional neglect predicts empathic accuracy in social inclusion and exclusion contexts. Psych J 2022; 11:481-491. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Mengning Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Mengxue Lan
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Haopeng Chen
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
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Nazligül MD, Yilmaz AE, Griffiths MD. Gaming Addiction and Exercise Addiction: To What Extent Are They The Same or Different In Terms of Emotional Abuse and/or Emotional Neglect Etiologies? Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Womersley JS, Hemmings SMJ, Ziegler C, Gutridge A, Ahmed-Leitao F, Rosenstein D, Domschke K, Seedat S. Childhood emotional neglect and oxytocin receptor variants: Association with limbic brain volumes. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:513-528. [PMID: 30806136 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1584331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Childhood emotional neglect (EN) is a predictor for the development of affective disorders. Oxytocin (OXT) may mediate the interplay between EN and changes in stress biological systems, brain development, and mental health outcomes. We investigated, in a cross-sectional study, the associations between EN, (epi)genetic variation in the OXT receptor (OXTR) gene, and amygdalar and hippocampal volumes, two brain regions implicated in emotional processing.Methods: We recruited 63 Caucasian South African adults (35 women) with and without social anxiety disorder. Childhood EN was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. rs53576 and rs2254298 genotypes, as well as methylation status, was determined using DNA purified from whole blood. Bilateral amygdalar and hippocampal volumes were determined by structural magnetic resonance imaging. The relationships between these variables were investigated using linear regression.Results: The interaction of the rs2254298 A risk allele and EN was nominally associated with reduced left hippocampal volume. The rs2254298 A risk allele was independently associated with reduced bilateral amygdalar volumes. We found no association between EN, OXTR methylation and amygdalar or hippocampal volumes. The rs53576 GG risk genotype was, however, associated with decreased OXTR methylation.Conclusions: The rs2254298 A allele may increase susceptibility to the structural brain effects of EN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Samantha Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 70104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ashley Gutridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Fatima Ahmed-Leitao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - David Rosenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 70104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
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Maurer MM, Daukantaitė D. Revisiting the Organismic Valuing Process Theory of Personal Growth: A Theoretical Review of Rogers and Its Connection to Positive Psychology. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1706. [PMID: 32793057 PMCID: PMC7385226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanistic and positive psychology have had a contentious past. Initially, positive psychology researchers have distanced themselves from humanistic psychology, proceeding to build an array of differentiated constructs relevant to an empirical study of well-being. Twenty years on, it is now generally acknowledged that humanistic psychology is the theoretical predecessor of positive psychology in terms of holistic growth theories. In this theoretical review, we aim to show how Carl Rogers’ organismic valuing process (OVP) theory can serve as a holistic framework for individual positive psychological research findings and theories and how positive psychology, in turn, provides empirical support for this meta-theoretical framework. An important motivation for considering personal growth as a process that integrates various aspects of well-being is theoretical integration, which can help us better understand how well-being develops in individuals across the lifespan. Some theoretical and practical implications of incorporating OVP theory into well-being research are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Pondé MP. A crise do diagnóstico em psiquiatria e os manuais diagnósticos. REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE PSICOPATOLOGIA FUNDAMENTAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-4714.2018v21n1p145.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Discute-se o caminho percorrido pela psiquiatria através dos manuais diagnósticos até o momento atual, com o projeto do Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), que busca, eliminando a subjetividade, alcançar uma excelência terapêutica na psiquiatria. São apresentadas quatro perspectivas para se pensar o diagnóstico das doenças psiquiátricas: as doenças que são descritas nos manuais de psiquiatria e que encontram correspondentes em pacientes na prática clínica; os transtornos que foram descritos nos manuais de psiquiatria e que geraram diagnósticos imprecisos; as síndromes culturais e o sofrimento psíquico que é estruturado de forma subjetiva e individual. Conclui-se que uma abordagem terapêutica deve levar em conta a natureza complexa do sofrimento psíquico, gerando mais cautela e individualização no que diz respeito às abordagens terapêuticas.
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Avril M, Leclère C, Viaux S, Michelet S, Achard C, Missonnier S, Keren M, Cohen D, Chetouani M. Social signal processing for studying parent-infant interaction. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1437. [PMID: 25540633 PMCID: PMC4261709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying early interactions is a core issue of infant development and psychopathology. Automatic social signal processing theoretically offers the possibility to extract and analyze communication by taking an integrative perspective, considering the multimodal nature and dynamics of behaviors (including synchrony). This paper proposes an explorative method to acquire and extract relevant social signals from a naturalistic early parent–infant interaction. An experimental setup is proposed based on both clinical and technical requirements. We extracted various cues from body postures and speech productions of partners using the IMI2S (Interaction, Multimodal Integration, and Social Signal) Framework. Preliminary clinical and computational results are reported for two dyads (one pathological in a situation of severe emotional neglect and one normal control) as an illustration of our cross-disciplinary protocol. The results from both clinical and computational analyzes highlight similar differences: the pathological dyad shows dyssynchronic interaction led by the infant whereas the control dyad shows synchronic interaction and a smooth interactive dialog. The results suggest that the current method might be promising for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Avril
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Chloë Leclère
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Paris, France ; Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Paris René Descartes University Boulogne, France
| | - Sylvie Viaux
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Michelet
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Catherine Achard
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Missonnier
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Paris René Descartes University Boulogne, France
| | - Miri Keren
- Department of Psychiatry, Infant Mental Health Unit, Geha Hospital, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Cohen
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Chetouani
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
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Kirmayer LJ, Crafa D. What kind of science for psychiatry? Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:435. [PMID: 25071499 PMCID: PMC4092362 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatry has invested its hopes in neuroscience as a path to understanding mental disorders and developing more effective treatments and ultimately cures. Recently, the U.S. NIMH has elaborated this vision through a new framework for mental health research, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). This framework aims to orient mental health research toward the discovery of underlying neurobiological and biobehavioral mechanisms of mental disorders that will eventually lead to definitive treatments. In this article we consider the rationale of the RDoC and what it reveals about implicit models of mental disorders. As an overall framework for understanding mental disorders, RDoC is impoverished and conceptually flawed. These limitations are not accidental but stem from disciplinary commitments and interests that are at odds with the larger concerns of psychiatry. A multilevel, ecosocial approach to biobehavioral systems is needed both to guide relevant neuroscience research and insure the inclusion of social processes that may be fundamental contributors to psychopathology and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Kirmayer
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University & Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General HospitalMontreal, QC, Canada
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Snow PC, Powell MB, Sanger DD. Oral Language Competence, Young Speakers, and the Law. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2012; 43:496-506. [DOI: 10.1044/0161-1461(2012/11-0065)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
This paper highlights the forensic implications of language impairment in 2 key (and overlapping) groups of young people: identified victims of maltreatment (abuse and/or neglect) and young offenders.
Method
Two lines of research pertaining to oral language competence and young people’s interface with the law are considered: 1 regarding investigative interviewing with children as victims or witnesses in the context of serious allegations of sexual abuse, and the other pertaining to adolescent offenders as suspects, witnesses, or victims. The linguistic demands that forensic interviewing places on these young people are also considered. Literature concerning the impact of early maltreatment on early language acquisition is briefly reviewed, as is the role of theory of mind in relation to the requirements of investigative interviewing of children and adolescents.
Implications
High-risk young people (i.e., those who are subject to child protection orders because of suspected or confirmed maltreatment, and those who are engaged with the youth justice system) face an elevated risk for suboptimal language development but may need to draw on their language skills in high-stakes forensic interviews. Implications for early intervention policy and practice are identified, and the need for greater speech-language pathology advocacy and engagement in forensic interviewing research is emphasized.
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Trocmé N, Fallon B, Maclaurin B, Chamberland C, Chabot M, Esposito T. Shifting definitions of emotional maltreatment: an analysis child welfare investigation laws and practices in Canada. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2011; 35:831-840. [PMID: 22015207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is growing evidence that the emotional dimensions of child maltreatment are particularly damaging, the feasibility and appropriateness of including emotional maltreatment (EM) in child welfare statutes continues to be questioned. Unlike physical and sexual abuse where investigations focus on discreet incidents of maltreatment, EM is not as easily defined and delimited. Through a review of legislation and child welfare investigation practices in Canada, this paper examines (1) whether Canadian child welfare services respond to EM with the same level of perseverance as with other forms of maltreatment and (2) the extent to which the introduction in 2008 of a more specific EM taxonomy distinguishes between EM and family problems that could lead to EM. METHOD Following an analysis of the legislative framework for EM across Canada, investigations practices in Canada are examined using data from the 1998, 2003 and 2008 cycles of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS). Using data from the 2008 cycle, EM investigations are compared to other maltreatment investigations for all of Canada (N=15,980). Changes in EM investigations over time are then compared using data from the three cycles of the study, excluding Québec because of limited data availability in 2003 (N=5,360 in 1998, 11,562 in 2003 and 14,050 in 2008). RESULTS EM is included as a form of reportable maltreatment in all provincial and territorial statutes in Canada. Over 11,000 cases of EM were substantiated in Canada in 2008, at a rate of 1.86 cases per 1,000 children. While EM investigations were substantiated at a lower rate as other forms of maltreatment, a higher proportion of EM cases were referred for specialized services, kept open for on-going child welfare services, lead to an out of home placement, and lead to an application to child welfare court. Using a broad definition of EM the number of investigations classified as EM in Canada, excluding Québec, nearly tripled from 1998 to 2003. In 2008, using more specific definitions focusing on caregiver definitions, the number of investigations classified as EM nearly returned to their 1998 level, with nearly twice as many cases being classified as risk of future maltreatment. CONCLUSION EM is a well established category for child welfare intervention in Canada, however, more emphasis should be given to distinguishing between EM and family problems that place children at risk of EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Trocmé
- Center for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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