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Qu D, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu B, Wen X, Feng Y, Chen R. New form of addiction: An emerging hazardous addiction problem of milk tea among youths. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:26-34. [PMID: 37625703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk tea has experienced tremendous growth in popularity in China, especially among youths. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether milk tea addiction may have a detrimental impact on youths' mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we aim to explore its potential role in influencing various mental health outcomes. METHODS A large-scale, cross-sectional study was conducted from 5281 college students in Beijing, China. Participants self-reported depressive, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and milk tea addiction symptoms including milk tea consumption, dependence, guilty feelings, withdrawal, tolerance, unable to stop, craving, and intention to stop. RESULTS Nearly 77 % of participants consumed milk tea at least 6-11 cups in the last year. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the milk tea addiction scale, developed according to DSM-5 substance use guidelines. Moreover, we found that a higher level of milk tea addiction was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression (b = 0.24, p < 0.001), anxiety (b = 0.21, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (b = 0.06, p < 0.001), respectively, after controlling confounding variables, among youths consuming milk tea. The possible mediating role of milk tea addiction between loneliness feelings and mental health outcomes was further addressed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings highlighted that milk tea consumption might lead to addiction, and it is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Current findings can assist policymakers in developing regulations such as restricting advertising, providing psycho-education, establishing food hygiene standards for such a prosperous youth-dominant consumption industry while protecting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; Psychology Application Center for Enterprise and Society, School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Cyr L, Bernard L, Pedinielli JL, Cutarella C, Bréjard V. Association Between Negative Affectivity and Craving in Substance-Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Direct and Indirect Relationships. Psychol Rep 2022; 126:1143-1180. [PMID: 35105221 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sizeable literature highlighted that negative affectivity and craving are both known to be implicated in relapses. OBJECTIVES The present study synthetized the existing litterature to determine strength of the interaction between negative affectivity and craving for substance-related disorders including illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco. METHODS We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines followed by a meta-analysis. Online computer databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched systematically and thoroughly. Jamovi 1.8.1 Current version was used to conduct meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty studies were included in the review, and 14 of these, including 2257 subjects, were used for meta-analysis. The raw correlation ranged from 0.17 to 0.58, which indicated weak to moderate association between negative affects and craving. In total, approximately 90% of the selection revealed a positive correlation between negative affects and craving. Alcohol and tobacco use disorders have received the most attention. Additionally, negative affectivity was often defined as a transient state rather than a stable personality trait. CONCLUSIONS In both of our meta-analyses and in the narratively reported studies, we found that negative affectivity is an important component related to craving, but individual differences in craving reactivity existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cyr
- LPCPP, 128791Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France; Clinique Saint-Barnabé, 52806Ramsay Santé, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Bernard
- LPCPP, 128791Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France; Clinique Saint-Barnabé, 52806Ramsay Santé, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Bréjard
- LPCPP, 128791Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
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3
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Kim S, Kwon JH. Moderation effect of emotion regulation on the relationship between social anxiety, drinking motives and alcohol related problems among university students*. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:709. [PMID: 32423398 PMCID: PMC7236287 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulated evidence suggests that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at particular risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Yet, little is known about the mechanisms under this high comorbidity. This study aimed to elucidate the process of the development of alcohol related problems among individuals with elevated social anxiety. We investigated the moderation effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between symptoms of social anxiety, coping and conformity motives and alcohol related problems. Methods In a sample of university students (N = 647) in South Korea, we examined whether cognitive (fear of negative evaluation), behavioral (social avoidance), and physiological symptoms (concerns over physiological symptoms) of social anxiety affect alcohol related problems with the mediation of coping and conformity motives. Furthermore, difficulties in emotion regulation were hypothesized to moderate each mediational path. Results Results showed that the fear of negative evaluation and concerns over physiological symptoms were associated with alcohol related problems with the mediation of conformity and coping motives, respectively. As hypothesized, each path was moderated by difficulties in emotion regulation. Conclusions Findings suggest that coping and conformity motives to cope with cognitive and physiological symptoms of social anxiety were related to alcohol related problems. In addition, individuals with high levels of difficulties in emotion regulation were prone to exhibit more alcohol related problems.
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Petit G, Deschietere G, Loas G, Luminet O, de Timary P. Link Between Anhedonia and Depression During Early Alcohol Abstinence: Gender Matters. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:71-77. [PMID: 31825493 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between anhedonia and depression in alcohol use disorders (AUD) during detoxification: Is trait anhedonia measured at the beginning of detoxification predictive of depressive symptoms observed at the end? Does state anhedonia recover during detoxification as depression does? Gender differences that have been previously observed for depression in AUD were also explored. METHODS 81 AUD inpatients were tested at T1 (day 1) and T2 (day 14-18) of withdrawal with the trait Physical Anhedonia Scale, the state anhedonia Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, the Beck depression inventory and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory and compared to 34 control participants, matched for age and gender. RESULTS AUD patients scored significantly higher than controls on depression, anxiety and state and trait anhedonia when they just entered the detoxification unit. Depression, anxiety and state anhedonia decreased between T1 and T2 in AUD patients. In women, state anhedonia at T1 was predictive of depressive symptoms at T2 over and above anxiety and depression at T1. CONCLUSION In AUD, state anhedonia recovers during detoxification, concurrently to other affective-related symptoms. However, in women, trait anhedonia predicts the level of depression at the end of detoxification, above and beyond anxiety. This finding stresses the importance of addressing anhedonia in the treatment of AUD and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions within clinical settings in this gender. Clinical consequences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Petit
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, boîte B1.53.02, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Deschietere
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut of Health and Society (IRSS-UCLouvain), Clos Chapelle-aux-champs,30 bte 30.15 - 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Loas
- Department of Psychiatry & Laboratory of Psychiatric Research (ULB), Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - O Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Voie du Roman Pays 20, bte L1.04.01 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, boîte B1.53.02, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Voie du Roman Pays 20, bte L1.04.01 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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5
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Dang DL, Zhang MX, Leong KKH, Wu AMS. The Predictive Value of Emotional Intelligence for Internet Gaming Disorder: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2762. [PMID: 31382434 PMCID: PMC6696303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This one-year longitudinal study examined trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). To date, only cross-sectional research has been conducted to test the protective effects of emotional intelligence against IGD tendency. Based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this study aimed to address the research gap by examining not only the direct effects of trait emotional intelligence, but also its indirect effects (via depressive symptoms and coping flexibility) on IGD, with both a cross-sectional and longitudinal design. The participants were 282 Chinese university students (mean age = 20.47; 39.4% males) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline (W1) and one-year follow-up (W2). Path analysis results revealed that trait emotional intelligence had a protective but indirect effect on IGD tendency in both our cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Depression was found to have a significant, full mediating effect on the relationship between: (i) trait emotional intelligence and IGD tendency (W2) and (ii) coping flexibility and IGD tendency (W2), after adjusting for IGD tendency at the baseline (W1). Gender invariance of the path coefficient was also observed in the prospective model. This study provided longitudinal evidence to support the I-PACE model. Interventions should address both IGD and depressive symptoms, and school-based workshops to increase emotional intelligence and coping flexibility are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Della L Dang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
- Faculty of Teacher Education, Pingdingshan University, South Weilai Road, Xinhua District, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China
| | - Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Karlas Kin-Hei Leong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China.
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Kotsou I, Mikolajczak M, Heeren A, Grégoire J, Leys C. Improving Emotional Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Existing Work and Future Challenges. EMOTION REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073917735902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) can be defined as the ability to identify, express, understand, manage, and use emotions. EI has been shown to have an important impact on health, relationships, and work/academic performance. In this article, we present a systematic review of 46 EI intervention studies on adult populations in order to assess their outcomes. Overall, these findings provide some support for the efficacy of EI programs. However, important limitations in most of the studies restrict the generalizability of their results. We discuss the contributions and limitations of these studies and make recommendations for the development and implementation of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kotsou
- Department of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
- Chaire Mindfulness, Bien-Etre et Paix Economique, Grenoble École de Management, France
| | - M. Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgique
| | - A. Heeren
- Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgique
| | - J. Grégoire
- Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgique
| | - C. Leys
- Department of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Petit G, Luminet O, Cordovil de Sousa Uva M, Zorbas A, Maurage P, de Timary P. Differential spontaneous recovery across cognitive abilities during detoxification period in alcohol-dependence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176638. [PMID: 28767647 PMCID: PMC5540274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of consensus regarding the extent to which cognitive dysfunctions may recover upon cessation of alcohol intake by alcohol-dependents (AD), and the divergent findings are most likely due to methodological differences between the various studies. The present study was aimed at conducting a very strict longitudinal study of cognitive recovery in terms of assessment points, the duration of abstinence, control of age and duration of the addiction, and by use of individual analyses in addition to mean group comparisons. Our study further focused on the 2-3 week phase of alcohol detoxification that is already known to positively affect many biological, emotional, motivational, as well as neural variables, followed by longer-term therapies for which good cognitive functioning is needed. METHODS 41 AD inpatients undergoing a detoxification program, and 41 matched controls, were evaluated twice in terms of five cognitive functions (i.e., short-term memory, working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and verbal fluency) within a three-week interval [on the first day (T1) and the 18th day (T2) of abstinence for AD patients]. Emotional (positive and negative affectivity and depression) and motivational (craving) variables were also measured at both evaluation times. RESULTS Although verbal fluency, short-term memory, and cognitive flexibility did not appear to be affected, the patients exhibited impaired inhibition and working memory at T1. While no recovery of inhibition was found to occur, the average working memory performance of the patients was comparable to that of the controls at T2. Improvements in emotional and motivational dimensions were also observed, although they did not correlate with the ones in working memory. Individual analysis showed that not all participants were impaired or recover the same functions. CONCLUSIONS While inhibition deficits appear to persist after 18 days of detoxification, deficits in working memory, which is a central component of cognition, are greatly reduced after alcohol detoxification. Individual differences in the trajectory of recovery do arise however, and it might be worth implementing individual assessments of impaired functions at the end of the detoxification phase in order to maximize the chances of success in longer-term treatments and abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariana Cordovil de Sousa Uva
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexis Zorbas
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Unité Intégrée d’Hépatologie, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Khosravani V, Sharifi Bastan F, Ghorbani F, Kamali Z. Difficulties in emotion regulation mediate negative and positive affects and craving in alcoholic patients. Addict Behav 2017; 71:75-81. [PMID: 28273489 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) on the relations of negative and positive affects to craving in alcoholic patients. 205 treatment-seeking alcoholic outpatients were included. DER, positive and negative affects as well as craving were evaluated by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Positive/Negative Affect Scales, and the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) respectively. Clinical factors including depression and severity of alcohol dependence were investigated by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) respectively. Results revealed that both increased negative affect and decreased positive affect indirectly influenced craving through limited access to emotion regulation strategies. It was concluded that limited access to emotion regulation strategies may be important in predicting craving for alcoholics who experience both increased negative affect and decreased positive affect. This suggests that treatment and prevention efforts focused on increasing positive affect, decreasing negative affect and teaching effective regulation strategies may be critical in reducing craving in alcoholic patients.
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Claisse C, Cottencin O, Ott L, Berna G, Danel T, Nandrino JL. Heart rate variability changes and emotion regulation abilities in short- and long-term abstinent alcoholic individuals. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 175:237-245. [PMID: 28460231 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficulties in identifying and regulating emotion are recognized as major factors of relapse in alcohol use disorders (AUD). This study aimed to evaluate the differences of emotion regulation processes in AUD patients with short-term (STA, less than one month) and long-term abstinence (LTA, at least six months) by recording the high frequency of Heart Rate Variability (HF-HRV) in response to emotional and neutral stimuli. METHOD Emotional induction constituted the presentation of highly emotional and neutral pictures (IAPS data base) presenting human interactions. HF-HRV was recorded before (at rest), during (pictures) and after emotional induction (recovery). RESULTS The results showed higher phasic HF-HRV in the STA group in comparison to the LTA and C groups for negative, positive and neutral stimuli. In the LTA group, we observed a normalization of HRV, in response to emotional stimuli. However, for negative valence stimuli in the recovery period, LTA participants are no more different from STA group. A main positive correlation was observed for both patient groups between craving scores and increased HF-HRV during and after the emotion induction. CONCLUSION The data support the hypothesis of emotion regulation impairment after STA but also show a partial improvement with prolonged abstinence. This impairment in patients may correspond to the maintenance of negative feedback that accentuates the difficulties in the emotional physiological process and limits the ability to engage in or maintain other processes. HF-HRV is a good indicator of emotion regulation processes related to the intensity of the craving even after long-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- University of Lille, SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, France; Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Lille, France.
| | - Laurent Ott
- University of Lille, SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, France.
| | | | - Thierry Danel
- University of Lille, SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, France; Department of Addictology, University Hospital of Lille, France; Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et en santé mentale des Hauts de, France.
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10
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Petit G, Luminet O, Cordovil de Sousa Uva M, Monhonval P, Leclercq S, Spilliaert Q, Zammit F, Maurage P, de Timary P. Gender Differences in Affects and Craving in Alcohol-Dependence: A Study During Alcohol Detoxification. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:421-431. [PMID: 28060415 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol craving is a major cause of relapse in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. It is closely related to the high depression and anxiety symptoms that are frequently observed at the early stages of abstinence, and these comorbid symptoms might thus constitute a relapse factor when they persist after detoxification. As these negative affects are known to evolve during the detoxification process, the aim of this study was to investigate the course of the relation between affects and craving during detoxification, with a particular attention given to gender in light of the known differences in affects between AD men and women. METHODS AD patients (n = 256) undergoing a detoxification program were evaluated for positive (PA) and negative affectivity (NA), depression and anxiety symptoms, and craving, twice within a 3-week interval (on the first [T1] and the eighteenth day [T2] of abstinence). RESULTS Detoxification course was associated with improvements regarding NA, depression and anxiety symptoms, and craving. Moreover, these negative affects were related to craving intensity. However, for men, the relation was only present at the beginning of detoxification, while, for women, it persisted at the end of detoxification as did high levels of depression. Furthermore, only with women was the level of craving at T2 proportional to negative affects reported at T1, and depression symptoms experienced at T1 were reliable predictors of craving at T2. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of craving in relapse, special care should be given to improve depressive symptoms in AD women to promote long-term abstinence. Also, the remaining portion of AD women who still exhibit substantial symptoms of anxiety and depression at the end of detoxification could benefit from an integrated treatment simultaneously tackling mood and alcohol-dependence disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariana Cordovil de Sousa Uva
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Sophie Leclercq
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Spilliaert
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Zammit
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Unité d'Hépatologie Intégrée, Academic Hospital Saint-luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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The association between depression and craving in alcohol dependency is moderated by gender and by alexithymia factors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:28-38. [PMID: 27137959 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality trait that involves difficulties in identifying and describing feelings to others, a poor fantasy life and an externally oriented cognitive style. Alexithymia has been described as a vulnerability factor for mental and physical diseases. We investigated in a group of 158 alcohol-dependent patients (103 men, 55 women) the association between depression and craving for alcohol when these patients were starting a detoxification program, and the moderating impact of gender and alexithymia on this relation. We first found an interaction between depression and gender in the prediction of craving in the sense that only for women an increase in depressive mood was related to an increase in total craving. When examining gender separately, we found that alexithymia factors acted as moderators. For women, the link between depression and craving was strengthened for the ones scoring higher on "difficulties describing feelings". But for men, the link between depression and craving was reduced for the ones scoring higher on "externally-oriented thinking". These findings suggest that in some cases that need to be identified more systematically in the future, the "externally-oriented thinking" alexithymia factor can exert - at least in the short term - some protective effects.
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Serafini K, Malin-Mayor B, Nich C, Hunkele K, Carroll KM. Psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in a heterogeneous sample of substance users. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 42:203-12. [PMID: 26905228 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1133632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a widely used measure of affect. A comprehensive psychometric evaluation among substance users, however, has not been published. OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometric properties of the PANAS in a sample of outpatient treatment substance users. METHODS We used pooled data from four randomized clinical trials (N = 416; 34% female, 48% African American). RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate support for a two-factor correlated model comprised of Positive Affect and Negative Affect with correlated item errors (Comparative Fit Index = 0.93, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.07, χ(2) = 478.93, df = 156). Cronbach's α indicated excellent internal consistency for both factors (0.90 and 0.91, respectively). The PANAS factors had good convergence and discriminability (Composite Reliability > 0.7; Maximum Shared Variance < Average Variance Extracted). A comparison from baseline to Week 1 indicated acceptable test-retest reliability (Positive Affect = 0.80, Negative Affect = 0.76). Concurrent and discriminant validity were demonstrated with correlations with the Brief Symptom Inventory and Addiction Severity Index. The PANAS scores were also significantly correlated with treatment outcomes (e.g. Positive Affect was associated with the maximum days of consecutive abstinence from primary substance of abuse, r = 0.16, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the psychometric properties of the PANAS are retained in substance using populations. Although several studies have focused on the role of Negative Affect, our findings suggest that Positive Affect may also be an important factor in substance use treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Serafini
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | | | - Charla Nich
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Karen Hunkele
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Kathleen M Carroll
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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Petit G, Luminet O, Maurage F, Tecco J, Lechantre S, Ferauge M, Gross JJ, de Timary P. Emotion Regulation in Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2471-9. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI); Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Department of Psychology; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | | | - Juan Tecco
- Hopital Psychiatrique du Chêne aux Haies; Mons Belgium
| | | | - Marc Ferauge
- Clinique Psychiatrique du Beauvallon; Saint-Servais Belgium
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology; Stanford University; Stanford California
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry; Institute of Neuroscience; Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL); Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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14
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Andrei F, Siegling AB, Aloe AM, Baldaro B, Petrides KV. The Incremental Validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Assess 2015; 98:261-76. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1084630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Farrahi H, Kafi SM, Karimi T, Delazar R. Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship With General Health Among the Students of University of Guilan, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2015; 9:e1582. [PMID: 26576167 PMCID: PMC4644614 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Particularly, this concept has used for examination of its empact on health of various people groups. Given the importance of students' health, this study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and general health. Objectives: The concept of emotional intelligence has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and general health. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 136 students were selected from the University of Guilan, north of Iran, using simple random sampling. The subjects completed the Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test and general health questionnaire. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and general health. Also, results indicated that emotional perception and emotional utilization are predictors of general health. Conclusions: The findings reflect that emotional intelligence can play an important role in general health.
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16
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Krentzman AR, Higgins MM, Staller KM, Klatt ES. Alexithymia, emotional dysregulation, and recovery from alcoholism: therapeutic response to assessment of mood. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 25:794-805. [PMID: 25810468 PMCID: PMC4425592 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315577608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that tested the effects of a gratitude intervention on well-being in a sample of individuals in outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Follow-up qualitative interviews unexpectedly revealed that participants found the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to be helpful to their recovery in the ways that it asked them to identify and rate their emotions. Participant statements were purposively sampled and analyzed using grounded theory methods to produce a conceptual framework illustrating the process of mood identification and its sequelae. Evidence of existing alexithymia and emotional dysregulation, dominance of negative mood, and increasing ability to identify, accept, and regulate mood as part of recovery was found. Findings suggest that emotion regulation is a compelling topic for those in recovery from AUD, and may deserve a more prominent role in treatment.
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17
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Emotional intelligence components in alcohol dependent and mentally healthy individuals. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:841039. [PMID: 25893214 PMCID: PMC4393918 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Emotional intelligence might play an important role in the onset and persistence of different psychopathologies. This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and alcohol dependence. Methods. In this case-control study, participants included alcohol dependent individuals and mentally healthy inpatients. Each group consisted of 40 individuals (male/female: 1). The diagnosis was based on the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV). All the participants completed Bar-On emotional intelligence test. Results. 20 males and 20 females were included in each group. Mean age of alcohol dependent participants and controls was 31.28 ± 7.82 and 34.93 ± 9.83 years in that order. The analyses showed that the alcohol dependent individuals had a significant difference compared with the control group and received lower scores in empathy, responsibility, impulse control, self-esteem, optimism, emotional consciousness, stress tolerance, autonomy, problem-solving, and total score of emotional intelligence components. Conclusion. Patients with alcohol dependence have deficits in components of emotional intelligence. Identifying and targeted training of the individuals with lower scores in components of emotional intelligence may be effective in prevention of alcohol dependence.
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Siegling AB, Petrides KV, Martskvishvili K. An Examination of a New Psychometric Method for Optimizing Multi-Faceted Assessment Instruments in the Context of Trait Emotional Intelligence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2014; 29:42-54. [PMID: 25798028 PMCID: PMC4359043 DOI: 10.1002/per.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the challenge of representing and measuring psychological attributes, this article outlines a psychometric method aimed at identifying problem facets. The method, which integrates theoretical and empirical steps, is applied in the context of the construct of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), using data from six different samples (N = 1284) collected across Europe. Alternative representations of the trait EI variance, derived from the outcome variables used in previous validation studies of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, were regressed on the 15 trait EI facets using the stepwise method. The analyses revealed five facets, which did not occupy unique construct variance in any of the six samples. As expected, a composite of the remaining 10 facets consistently showed greater construct validity than the original 15-facet composite. Implications for construct and scale development are discussed, and directions for further validation of the method and for its application to other constructs are provided. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Siegling
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London London, UK
| | - K V Petrides
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London London, UK
| | - Khatuna Martskvishvili
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London London, UK ; Tbilisi State University Tbilisi, Georgia
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19
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Towards a Crossmodal Exploration of Cognitive Deficits in Psychopathology. Psychol Belg 2014. [DOI: 10.5334/pb.as] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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de Timary P, Cordovil de Sousa Uva M, Denoël C, Hebborn L, Derely M, Desseilles M, Luminet O. The associations between self-consciousness, depressive state and craving to drink among alcohol dependent patients undergoing protracted withdrawal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71560. [PMID: 24013131 PMCID: PMC3754944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context In order to understand how certain personality traits influence the relation between depression symptoms and craving for alcohol, trait self-consciousness (trait SC) was examined during a withdrawal and detoxification program. Methods Craving (Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale), depressive state (Beck Depression Inventory) and trait SC (Revised Self-Consciousness Scale) were assessed in alcohol-dependent inpatients (DSM-IV, N = 30) both at the beginning (T1: day 1 or 2) and at the end (T2: day 14 to18) of protracted withdrawal during rehabilitation. Results A significant decrease in craving and depressive symptoms was observed from T1 to T2, while SC scores remained stable. At both times, strong positive correlations were observed between craving and depression. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that trait SC significantly moderated the impact of depression on cravings for alcohol. Limitations This study was performed on a relatively small sample size. Administration of medications during detoxification treatment can also be a confounding factor. Finally, craving could have been evaluated through other types of measurements. Conclusions During protracted withdrawal, alcohol craving decreased with the same magnitude as depressive mood. Depressive symptoms were related to alcohol craving but only among patients with high trait SC scores. Our results suggest that metacognitive approaches targeting SC could decrease craving and, in turn, prevent future relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Unité d'Hépatologie Intégrée Department of Adult Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Academic Hospital Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariana Cordovil de Sousa Uva
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Unité d'Hépatologie Intégrée Department of Adult Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Academic Hospital Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Denoël
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludger Hebborn
- Psychiatry Ward, Clinique Europe St Michel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Derely
- The Alcohol Dependence Unit, Clinique La Ramée, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Desseilles
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- The Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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Bonnet A, Bréjard V, Pedinielli JL. Emotional Dispositions and Substance Use: Mediating Effect of Alexithymia. Psychol Rep 2013; 112:289-302. [DOI: 10.2466/18.09.20.pr0.112.1.289-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Substance consumption behaviors can range from use to abuse, the latter including addictive behaviors. Relationships between emotionality, alexithymia and substance-consumption behaviors among young adults were investigated through an explanatory model wherein alexithymia fulfills a mediating function by acting as an emotion-adjustment process. 256 students (62.1% women) with a mean age of 20.7 yr. ( SD = 1.6), enrolled at two universities in southern France took part in the study. They filled out a substance-use questionnaire, the Émotionnalité positive et négative à 31 (EPN–31) emotionality scale, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS–20). Mediation analyses validated the hypothesis that emotional dimensions of alexithymia act as mediators between emotionality (negative emotionality and emotional arousal) and substance use. As a mediating factor, alexithymia may be regarded as a type of operational process that regulates emotions. These results could have important implications for clinical and therapeutic applications focusing on emotion-regulation strategies and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Psychanalyse et de Psychopathologie Clinique, U.F.R. Psychologie, Université de Provence
| | - Vincent Bréjard
- Laboratoire de Psychanalyse et de Psychopathologie Clinique, U.F.R. Psychologie, Université de Provence
| | - Jean-Louis Pedinielli
- Laboratoire de Psychanalyse et de Psychopathologie Clinique, U.F.R. Psychologie, Université de Provence
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Berking M, Poppe C, Luhmann M, Wupperman P, Jaggi V, Seifritz E. Is the association between various emotion-regulation skills and mental health mediated by the ability to modify emotions? Results from two cross-sectional studies. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2012; 43:931-7. [PMID: 22406495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In order to clarify mechanisms underlying the association between emotion regulation and psychopathology, we tested whether the ability to modify negative emotions mediates the associations of other emotion-regulation skills with psychopathological symptoms in two studies. METHODS The first study included 151 college students; the second included 121 psychiatric inpatients. Bootstrapping-enhanced mediation analyses were utilized to assess associations between self-reports of emotion-regulation skills and psychopathology, as well as potential mediation effects. RESULTS In both samples, the ability to modify emotions completely mediated the association between symptoms and skills for most skills, but not for the skill of accepting/tolerating negative emotions. LIMITATIONS Major limitations include the use of a cross-sectional design as well as exclusive use of self-report data. CONCLUSIONS The ability to modify negative emotions may be the common pathway by which many emotion-regulation skills exert their influence on mental health; however, the skill of accepting/tolerating negative emotions may be beneficial to mental health regardless of whether or not it facilitates modification of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Berking
- University of Marburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Gutenbergstrasse 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Mikolajczak M, Balon N, Ruosi M, Kotsou I. Sensitive but not sentimental: Emotionally intelligent people can put their emotions aside when necessary. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Petrides KV, Vernon PA, Schermer JA, Veselka L. Trait emotional intelligence and the dark triad traits of personality. Twin Res Hum Genet 2011; 14:35-41. [PMID: 21314254 DOI: 10.1375/twin.14.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first behavioral genetic investigation of the relationships between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) and the Dark Triad traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. In line with trait EI theory, the construct correlated positively with narcissism, but negatively with the other two traits. Generally, the correlations were consistent across the 4 factors and 15 facets of the construct. Cholesky decomposition analysis revealed that the phenotypic associations were primarily due to correlated genetic factors and secondarily due to correlated nonshared environmental factors, with shared environmental factors being nonsignificant in all cases. Results are discussed from the perspective of trait EI theory with particular reference to the issue of adaptive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Petrides
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Martins A, Ramalho N, Morin E. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and health. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cooper A, Petrides KV. A Psychometric Analysis of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue–SF) Using Item Response Theory. J Pers Assess 2010; 92:449-57. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2010.497426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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