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Carciofo R. Morning affect or sleep inertia? Comparing the constructs and their measurement. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36912023 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2187211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The construct of Morning Affect (MA; alertness upon awakening/time required to feel fully awake) emerged from exploratory factor analysis of morningness-eveningness questionnaires, and while it has been equated with morningness-eveningness preference it has much conceptual overlap with sleep inertia (SI; the transitional state between sleep and being fully awake). The current study compared questionnaire measures of these constructs to help clarify their inter-relationships. A volunteer sample of 453 students at an English-medium university in China completed an online survey including the Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ), the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale-improved (MESSi), with subscales for MA, Eveningness, and Distinctness (amplitude of diurnal variation), and the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ). Measures of depression, sleep quality, mindfulness, and personality were also included. Exploratory factor analysis of the SIQ, MESSi, and rMEQ items revealed seven factors: Cognitive, Emotional, and Physiological SI, Responses to SI (including one MA item), and Duration of SI (one SIQ item, 3/5 MA items, and one rMEQ item); Morningness-Eveningness (MESSi Eveningness items, plus 3/5 rMEQ items); Distinctness (3/5 MESSi items). These results suggest that Morning Affect may be better characterised as a general measure of sleep inertia, and may contribute to ongoing development/refinement of questionnaire measures of circadian functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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2
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Işik M, Kirli U. The mediating effect of attachment insecurity on circadian consequences of childhood trauma. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:936-947. [PMID: 35300548 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circadian preferences have been associated with mental health as well as social and physical health in recent years. However, factors associated with circadian preferences have not been fully elucidated. The main aim of this study is to investigate the associations of childhood trauma and attachment styles with circadian preferences. A total of 673 participants were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 28 (CTQ-28), and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire. The results indicated that 14.9% (n = 100) of the participants were morning type, 20.6% (n = 139) were evening type, and 64.5% (n = 434) were intermediate type. Both childhood trauma and attachment-related anxiety/avoidance scores were associated with being evening type (p < .01). Moreover, attachment-related anxiety and avoidance fully mediated the association between childhood trauma and circadian preferences. The present study showed that attachment styles might be associated with circadian preferences. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and to infer explanatory mechanisms for these cross-sectional associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Işik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Umut Kirli
- Department of Drug Abuse, Ege University, Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Hasan MM, Díaz-Morales JF, Khan MHA. Bangla version of the composite scale of morningness: factor invariance and validity with sleep habits, mood and mental health. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1949516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Psychology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Juan F. Díaz-Morales
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
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Putilov AA, Budkevich EV, Tinkova EL, Dyakovich MP, Sveshnikov DS, Donskaya OG, Budkevich RO. A six-factor structure of individual variation in the tendencies to become sleepy and to sleep at different times of the day. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 217:103327. [PMID: 33984572 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A multidimensional approach has been previously applied for modeling and assessment of individual differences in the ability to sleep or to stay awake at certain clock hours. More recently the 19 time-point Visuo-verbal Judgment Task (VJT) has been proposed to predict changes in sleepiness level from the morning hours to the next day afternoon. The dimensionality of the VJT has not been explored so far. We applied a structural model of individual variation in sleep-wake behavior and habits for explaining the pattern of relationship between the VJT's dimensions yielded by rotation of principal components with eigenvalue>1. The responses to 19 items of the VJT, 72 items of 6-scale Sleep Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SWPAQ) and 60 items of 6-scale Sleep-Wake Adaptability Test (SWAT) were collected from 1037 survey participants. Factor analyses yielded 4 factorial dimensions of morning (08:00-11:00), daytime (12:00-20:00), nighttime (21:00-04:00), and after 24 h sleepiness (06:00-12:00 next day). The model was found to be capable to explain the correlations among 4 constructs of the VJT as well as the correlations among previously developed scales of the SWPAQ and SWAT. The results confirmed the predictive power of the model and its applicability for multidimensional assessments in chronobiological and chronopsychological studies.
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Panjeh S, Pompeia S, Archer SN, Pedrazzoli M, von Schantz M, Cogo-Moreira H. What are we measuring with the morningness-eveningness questionnaire? Exploratory factor analysis across four samples from two countries. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:234-247. [PMID: 32993374 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1815758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Individual variability in diurnal preference or chronotype is commonly assessed with self-report scales such as the widely used morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). We sought to investigate the MEQ's internal consistency by applying exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the number of underlying latent factors in four different adult samples, two each from the United Kingdom and Brazil (total N = 3,457). We focused on factors that were apparent in all samples, irrespective of particular sociocultural diversity and geographical characteristics, so as to show a common core reproducible structure across samples. Results showed a three-factor solution with acceptable to good model fit indexes in all studied populations. Twelve of the 19 MEQ items in the three-correlated factor solution loaded onto the same factors across the four samples. This shows that the scale measures three distinguishable, yet correlated constructs: (1) items related to how people feel in the morning, which we termed efficiency of dissipation of sleep pressure (recovery process) (items 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, and 19); (2) items related to how people feel before sleep, which we called sensitivity to buildup of sleep pressure (items 2, 10, and 12); and (3) peak time of cognitive arousal (item 11). Although the third factor was not regarded as consistent since only one item was common among all samples, it might represent subjective amplitude. These results suggested that the latent constructs of the MEQ reflect dissociable homeostatic processes in addition to a less consistent propensity for cognitive arousal at different times of the day. By analyzing answers to MEQ items that compose these latent factors, it may be possible to extract further knowledge of factors that affect morningness-eveningness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Panjeh
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Pompeia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon N Archer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | - Mario Pedrazzoli
- Escola de Arte, Ciências E Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Malcolm von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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Vagos P, Rodrigues PFS, Pandeirada JNS, Kasaeian A, Weidenauer C, Silva CF, Randler C. Factorial Structure of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale (MESSi) and Sex and Age Invariance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30705648 PMCID: PMC6344426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing morningness-eveningness preferences (chronotype), an individual characteristic that is mirrored in daily mental and physiological fluctuations, is crucial given their overarching influence in a variety of domains. The current work aimed to investigate the best factor structure of an instrument recently presented to asses this characteristic: the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi). For the first time, the originally proposed three-factor structure was pitched against a uni- and a two-factor solution. Another novelty was to establish that the best-fitting model would be invariant in relation to sex and age, two variables that influence chronotype. A Confirmatory Factor Analyses on the data obtained from a sample of 2096 German adults (age: 18–76; M = 25.5, SD = 7.64) revealed that the originally proposed three-factor structure of the MESSi – Morning Affect, Eveningness, and Distinctness – was the only one to achieve acceptable fit indicators. Furthermore, each scale obtained good internal consistency. In order to assess age invariance, following the literature on development and chronotype, our sample was divided into three age groups: 18–21 years, 22–31 years, and 32 years or older. Full measurement invariance of the three-factor model was found for sex and age. Regarding differences between sexes, females did not differ significantly from males in Morning Affect, but scored significantly lower on Eveningness and higher on Distinctness; this last result has been consistent across validation studies of the MESSi. With respect to age differences, the oldest group scored lower on Eveningness and Distinctness in comparison with the other two age-groups; the intermediate group (age: 22–31) scored lower on Morning Affect when compared to both the younger and older age groups. Additionally, both Eveningness and Distinctness were negatively correlated with age. This latter relation has been consistently reported in other validation studies. Our results reinforce the idea that the MESSi assesses three different components of chronotype in a reliable manner and that this instrument can be used to explore sex and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vagos
- INPP, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal.,CINEICC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro F S Rodrigues
- CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Josefa N S Pandeirada
- CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,William James Research Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ali Kasaeian
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corina Weidenauer
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlos F Silva
- CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,William James Research Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kato Y, Urbán R, Saito S, Yoshida K, Kurokawa M, Rigó A. Psychometric properties of a Japanese version of Composite Scale of Morningness. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01092. [PMID: 30627685 PMCID: PMC6321967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the factor structure and validity of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) in Japanese samples. A sample of 348 Japanese university students (196 men, 152 women) and 170 adults from the community (50 men, 120 women) completed a questionnaire including the CSM, the Diurnal Type Scale (DTS) and questions regarding sleeping and waking times. Four measurement models were compared, and a two-factor measurement model with Morningness/Time of day preference (α = 0.78) and Morning Affect/Alertness (α = 0.80) factors yielded the closest fit. Both Morningness/Time of day preference and Morning Affect/Alertness were positively correlated with DTS score. Morningness/Ttime of day preference was negatively correlated with the midpoint of sleep on weekdays and free days. The measurement model was invariant across the university and community groups. The community group, which was older, was characterized by greater morningness. The results provide evidence of the validity of the Japanese CSM, thus opening up the possibility of including Japanese samples in cross-cultural research on morningness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada Tsurukabuto 3-11, 6578501, Kobe, Japan
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Seiichi Saito
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada Tsurukabuto 3-11, 6578501, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshida
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada Tsurukabuto 3-11, 6578501, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michinori Kurokawa
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition Osaka Shoin Women's University, Hishiyanishi 4-2-26, 5778550, Higashi Osaka, Japan
| | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary
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Díaz-Morales JF, Parra-Robledo Z. Age and Sex Differences in Morningness/Eveningness Along the Life Span: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2018; 179:71-84. [DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2018.1424706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Putilov AA. Owls, larks, swifts, woodcocks and they are not alone: A historical review of methodology for multidimensional self-assessment of individual differences in sleep-wake pattern. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:426-437. [PMID: 28128994 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1278704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Differences between the so-called larks and owls representing the opposite poles of morningness-eveningness dimension are widely known. However, scientific consensus has not yet been reached on the methodology for ranking and typing people along other dimensions of individual variation in their sleep-wake pattern. This review focused on the history and state-of-the-art of the methodology for self-assessment of individual differences in more than one trait or adaptability of the human sleep-wake cycle. The differences between this and other methodologies for the self-assessment of trait- and state-like variation in the perceived characteristics of daily rhythms were discussed and the critical issues that remained to be addressed in future studies were highlighted. These issues include a) a failure to develop a unidimensional scale for scoring chronotypological differences, b) the inconclusive results of the long-lasting search for objective markers of chronotype, c) a disagreement on both number and content of scales required for multidimensional self-assessment of chronobiological differences, d) a lack of evidence for the reliability and/or external validity of most of the proposed scales and e) an insufficient development of conceptualizations, models and model-based quantitative simulations linking the differences between people in their sleep-wake pattern with the differences in the basic parameters of underlying chronoregulatory processes. It seems that, in the nearest future, the wide implementation of portable actigraphic and somnographic devices might lead to the development of objective methodologies for multidimensional assessment and classification of sleep-wake traits and adaptabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcady A Putilov
- a Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics , Novosibirsk , Russia
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Rahafar A, Randler C, Díaz-Morales JF, Kasaeian A, Heidari Z. Cross-cultural validity of Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) in Iran, Spain and Germany. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:273-279. [PMID: 28055262 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1267187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) is a newly constructed measure to assess circadian types and amplitude. In this study, we applied this measure to participants from three different countries: Germany, Spain and Iran. Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) of MESSi displayed mediocre fit in the three countries. Comparing increasingly stringent models using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated at least partial measurement invariance (metric invariance) by country for Morning Affect and Distinctness subscales. Age was positively related to Morning Affect (MA), and negatively related to Eveningness (EV) and Distinctness (DI). Men reported higher MA than women, whereas women reported higher DI than men. Regarding country effect, Iranian participants reported highest MA compared to Spaniards and Germans, whereas Germans reported higher DI compared to Iranians and Spaniards. As a conclusion, our study corroborated the validity and reliability of MESSi across three different countries with different geographical and cultural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rahafar
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen , Tubingen , Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen , Tubingen , Germany
| | - Juan F Díaz-Morales
- b Complutense University of Madrid , Work and Individual Differences , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ali Kasaeian
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen , Tubingen , Germany
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- c Family & Women Studies Department , Alzahra University , Tehran , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Randler C, Freyth-Weber K, Rahafar A, Florez Jurado A, Kriegs JO. Morningness-eveningness in a large sample of German adolescents and adults. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00200. [PMID: 27957554 PMCID: PMC5133733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
People differ in their sleep-wake behavior. This individual difference is conceptualized in different aspects, such as wake up times, bed times, times of peak performance, as well as in morning affect. A total of 14,987 visitors of an exhibition in the LWL State Museum of Natural History, Münster (Germany), did the survey on chronotype and gave their consent that these data can be used for a scientific study. Age groups were coded into 5-year bins. Mean age (mean ± SD) was 28.2 ± 17.5 years. There were 8075 females (54%) and 6912 males in the sample. The German version of the rMEQ (reduced Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire) was used for data collection. The data showed clear age effects. Younger children are more morning oriented and become rapidly evening oriented during puberty, while the more attenuated turn towards morningness occurs from the age of 20 years. Then between the ages 25 to 30 morningness-eveningness remained rather stable. Significant gender differences existed in the reproductive age, i.e., the age groups 20 to 50 (corresponding to the age 16–50 years). In other age groups, no gender differences could be detected. Seasonal effects were also found. Chronotype score was lowest during the summer months (and more evening oriented). Based on the single item analysis of the five questions of the rMEQ, we found age group differences in all items. Gender differences occurred in all items except item 1, which deals with the preferred wake-up time. Men always scored significantly lower (i.e. more evening oriented) than women except in item 2 (tiredness after awakening). Seasonal effects were only significant in item 3, which is related to preferred bed times. People showed a later bed time preference during summer. The classification of chronotypes according to the cut-off scores provided by Adan and Almirall (1991) and by using the 20/80 percentile provided identical cut-off scores (values of 11 and below for evening types and 18 and above for morning types).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Freyth-Weber
- LWL-Museum für Naturkunde (LWL State Museum of Natural History), Münster, Sentruper Str. 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Arash Rahafar
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Florez Jurado
- LWL-Museum für Naturkunde (LWL State Museum of Natural History), Münster, Sentruper Str. 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Ole Kriegs
- LWL-Museum für Naturkunde (LWL State Museum of Natural History), Münster, Sentruper Str. 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany
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Randler C, Díaz-Morales JF, Rahafar A, Vollmer C. Morningness-eveningness and amplitude - development and validation of an improved composite scale to measure circadian preference and stability (MESSi). Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:832-48. [PMID: 27123963 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1171233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measuring morningness-eveningness is an important aspect of individual differences because it is associated with many aspects of personality and health. The present study outlines recent advancements in the field of measurement and proposes an improved assessment of morningness-eveningness, such as the measurement of circadian amplitude, updating and reflecting new item developments, addressing the clock time based measures, the morning-biased items and the aspect of uni versus multidimensionality. Four studies have been carried out in Germany to present a novel development (with a total sample of N = 1181). In study I, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed three dimensions, one of morningness, one of eveningness and one of amplitude/stability. Then, items were reduced to present a clearer factor structure by removing ambiguous items. In the second study, a shortened questionnaire was applied, with 15 items (5 per construct), but Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) did not provide acceptable fit indices. Refining items were made in study III, which again showed a clearer factor structure in EFA, and subsequently, in study IV, the refined set of 15 items provided a good fit of a CFA. The final questionnaire was tested for validity by applying clock times, personality questions and alertness ratings. Thus, this newly developed questionnaire contains three distinct dimensions. To reflect the new content, the scale is labelled morningness-eveningness-stability-scale improved (MESSi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- a Institute of Natural Sciences, Geography & Technology , University of Education Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.,d Department of Biology , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.,e LEAD Graduate School , & Research Network , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Juan F Díaz-Morales
- b Department of Individual Differences and Work, Faculty of Psychology , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Arash Rahafar
- a Institute of Natural Sciences, Geography & Technology , University of Education Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.,d Department of Biology , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Christian Vollmer
- c Institute of Psychology, University of Education Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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Horzum MB, Randler C, Masal E, Beşoluk Ş, Önder İ, Vollmer C. Morningness–eveningness and the environment hypothesis – A cross-cultural comparison of Turkish and German adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:814-21. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Kolomeichuk SN, Randler C, Churov A, Borisenkov M. Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Composite Scale of Morningness. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1048963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Randler C, Prokop P, Sahu S, Haldar P. Cross-cultural comparison of seven morningness and sleep-wake measures from Germany, India and Slovakia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 50:279-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Institute for Natural Sciences, Geography and Technology, University of Education Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Faculty of Education; Trnava University; Trnava Slovakia
| | - Subhashis Sahu
- Ergonomics and Occupational Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology; University of Kalyani; Kalyani India
| | - Prasun Haldar
- Ergonomics and Occupational Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology; University of Kalyani; Kalyani India
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18
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Werner L, Geisler J, Randler C. Morningness as a Personality Predictor of Punctuality. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-014-9246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Evening adolescents: The role of family relationships and pubertal development. J Adolesc 2014; 37:425-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Duarte LL, Menna-Barreto L, Miguel MAL, Louzada F, Araújo J, Alam M, Areas R, Pedrazzoli M. Chronotype ontogeny related to gender. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:316-20. [PMID: 24714814 PMCID: PMC4075295 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype is an established concept designed to identify distinct phase
relationships between the expression of circadian rhythms and external synchronizers
in humans. Although it has been widely accepted that chronotype is subjected to
ontogenetic modulation, there is no consensus on the interaction between age and
gender. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age- and
gender-related changes in the morningness-eveningness character in a large sample of
people. A total of 14,650 volunteers were asked to complete the Brazilian version of
the Horne and Östberg chronotype questionnaire. The data demonstrated that, on
average, women were more morning-oriented than men until the age of 30 and there were
no significant differences between men and women from 30 to 45 years of age. In
contrast to the situation observed until the age of 30, women older than 45 years
were more evening-oriented than men. These results suggest that the ontogenetic
development of the circadian timekeeping system is more plastic in men, as
represented by the larger amplitude of chronotype changes throughout their aging
process. The phase delay of adolescence and phase advance of the elderly seem to be
phenomena that are more markedly present in men than in women. Thus, our data, for
the first time, provide support that sharply opposes the view that there is a single
path toward morningness as a function of age, regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Duarte
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - L Menna-Barreto
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M A L Miguel
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F Louzada
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - J Araújo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - M Alam
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - R Areas
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M Pedrazzoli
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Randler C, Jankowski KS. Evidence for the validity of the composite scale of morningness based on students from Germany and Poland – relationship with sleep–wake and social schedules. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.884307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Di Milia L, Adan A, Natale V, Randler C. Reviewing the psychometric properties of contemporary circadian typology measures. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:1261-71. [PMID: 24001393 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.817415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of circadian typology (CT) is critical because the construct has implications for a number of health disorders. In this review, we focus on the evidence to support the reliability and validity of the more commonly used CT scales: the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and the Preferences Scale (PS). In addition, we also consider the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). In terms of reliability, the MEQ, CSM, and PS consistently report high levels of reliability (>0.80), whereas the reliability of the rMEQ is satisfactory. The stability of these scales is sound at follow-up periods up to 13 mos. The MCTQ is not a scale; therefore, its reliability cannot be assessed. Although it is possible to determine the stability of the MCTQ, these data are yet to be reported. Validity must be given equal weight in assessing the measurement properties of CT instruments. Most commonly reported is convergent and construct validity. The MEQ, rMEQ, and CSM are highly correlated and this is to be expected, given that these scales share common items. The level of agreement between the MCTQ and the MEQ is satisfactory, but the correlation between these two constructs decreases in line with the number of "corrections" applied to the MCTQ. The interesting question is whether CT is best represented by a psychological preference for behavior or by using a biomarker such as sleep midpoint. Good-quality subjective and objective data suggest adequate construct validity for each of the CT instruments, but a major limitation of this literature is studies that assess the predictive validity of these instruments. We make a number of recommendations with the aim of advancing science. Future studies need to (1) focus on collecting data from representative samples that consider a number of environmental factors; (2) employ longitudinal designs to allow the predictive validity of CT measures to be assessed and preferably make use of objective data; (3) employ contemporary statistical approaches, including structural equation modeling and item-response models; and (4) provide better information concerning sample selection and a rationale for choosing cutoff points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Di Milia
- School of Management and Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
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Morningness–eveningness orientation and attitude change: Evidence for greater systematic processing and attitude change at optimal time-of-day. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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