1
|
Gao H, Liu Q, Wang Z. Different adverse childhood experiences and adolescents' altruism: The mediating role of life history strategy. J Adolesc 2024; 96:5-17. [PMID: 37718625 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study sought to investigate whether the relationship between childhood trauma, childhood socioeconomic (SES), and adolescents' altruism were mediated by their life history strategies and different adverse childhood experiences may function diversely on altruism, with two waves of data collected 6 months apart in a longitudinal design among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A total of 658 adolescents (Mage = 13.51, SD = 0.73 at T1) were recruited and completed the online survey; their life history strategies were measured by the Mini-K, the Delayed of Gratification Questionnaire (DOG), and the Chinese version of the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire (ARQ-RB) together, and their altruism was collected again after six months. RESULTS After controlling for gender and their altruism at T1, the results showed that childhood trauma (i.e., emotional maltreatment, physical maltreatment), as well as low SES and fast life history strategy, were significantly negatively correlated with adolescents' altruism at T2. Importantly, life history strategy at T1 mediated the relationship between T1 emotional maltreatment, T1 low SES, and adolescents' altruism at T2. However, the effect of physical maltreatment on altruism was not mediated by life history strategy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that emotional maltreatment and low SES can affect adolescents' altruism by influencing the formation of adolescents' life history strategies. The findings revealed the different influences of adverse childhood experiences on adolescents' altruism, which supplied new empirical evidence for the life history theory and provided certain reference values for cultivating adolescents' altruism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Gao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takeshi K, Naho K. The relationship between parental behavior and the reproductive strategy of daughter is mediated by the development of machiavellianism personality. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14672. [PMID: 37009329 PMCID: PMC10060177 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Females who receive harsh, rejective, and inconsistent nurturing behavior from parents, are predicted to adopt mating strategies, such as short-term and unstable pair bonds with males. The speculation that, the rejective behavior a female receives during the early days, and their short-term mating strategy is mediated by the development of Machiavellianism personality, is not well confirmed. In this study, we investigated the relationship between parenting behavior, experienced by female college students (n = 168) in their early days, Machiavellianism personality, and behavior related to short-term reproductive strategy. The results revealed that, both maternal rejective behavior received by women in their childhood and Machiavellianism, have a relationship with the number of males that the female has ever romantically involved. Moreover, the mediation effect of Machiavellianism between maternal rejection in participants' childhood, and the number of males romantically involved, was marginally significant. This suggests that girls rejected by their mothers developed Machiavellianism. Consequently, this results in unstable female pair-bonding with the males.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mumford EA, Taylor BG, Borowiecki M, Maitra P. Daily Reports of Aggressive Behaviors in Interpersonal Conflicts. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21850-NP21874. [PMID: 34961387 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal conflicts are inevitable, but the probability that conflicts involve aggressive behavior varies. Prior research that has tended to focus on victimization in intimate partnerships reported through retrospective designs. Addressing these limitations, the current study examines daily reports of behaving aggressively in any conflict across relationships in a sample of 512 young adults drawn from the nationally representative iCOR cohort. Respondent attitudes and affective measures were collected at the end of the daily data collection period. Regression methods were applied to examine the probability and frequency of aggression, investigating early and recent exposure to adversities, attitudes, self-control, affect and emotional states, and alcohol use behavior. Recent adversities and the propensity to endorse a defensive honor code attitude, consistent with theory and retrospective studies of aggression, predicted both prevalence and frequency of aggressive behavior. The associations of childhood maltreatment and self-control with the prevalence of behaving aggressively were as expected, but these constructs were significantly associated with the frequency of aggression with unexpected, inverse directionality. Moreover, respondents' affect and other emotional states were only associated with the frequency, not the prevalence, of aggressive behavior. Overall, this daily data collection constructively distinguished risk and protective factors for behaving aggressively more often. Further research is needed to disentangle the extent to which affective states drive or is a consequence of frequent aggressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mumford
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Bruce G Taylor
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Poulami Maitra
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferencz T, Láng A, Kocsor F, Kozma L, Babós A, Gyuris P. Sibling relationship quality and parental rearing style influence the development of Dark Triad traits. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrently our understanding of environmental factors that influence the development of dark personality traits (DT) is limited. Therefore, we conducted three studies using online questionnaires, each examining a different aspect of the relation between dark personality traits and family environment. In Study 1, 117 adults (mean age: 30.36 years, SD = 10.19) filled out questionnaires regarding their childhood relationship with siblings and their own DT traits. We found that the amount of conflicts with siblings during adolescence correlated positively with Machiavellianism and psychopathy. The feeling of closeness towards the siblings showed negative correlation with Machiavellianism. Parental partiality towards the other sibling was positively correlated with narcissism. In Study 2, 111 adolescents (mean age: 15.92, SD = 1.24) reported their perceptions of the rearing style of their parents, in addition to their sibling relationships and DT traits. Perceived parental emotional warmth was negatively associated, whereas both rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with psychopathy. Parental warmth was positively, while rejection negatively associated with narcissism. Machiavellianism was positively associated with the amount of conflicts with siblings, but negatively with closeness to siblings. In Study 3, 110 adults (mean age: 32.62 years, SD = 12.25) reported their levels of the Vulnerable Dark Triad that included measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, maladaptive covert narcissism, and borderline personality organization. Results indicated that sibling relation quality had a significant effect on primary psychopathy and borderline traits. Parental rejection and overprotection correlated with borderline traits and vulnerable narcissism. The results of these studies shed some light on how environmental impulses, particularly the quality of relationships between family members, affect the development of personality.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sex Differences in Traditional School Bullying Perpetration and Victimization among Adolescents: A Chain-Mediating Effect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159525. [PMID: 35954881 PMCID: PMC9368119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The study explored sex differences in traditional school bullying perpetration and victimization among Chinese adolescents and the effects of Machiavellianism and school climate. Data were collected from 727 adolescents (M = 16.8 years, SD = 0.9) who completed the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Kiddie Machiavellian Scale, and School Climate Perception Questionnaire. Results showed: (1) boys were more likely to bully others and be bullied; (2) both Machiavellianism and school climate partially mediated sex differences in school bullying perpetration and victimization; (3) the chain-mediating effect of Machiavellianism and school climate on sex differences in bullying perpetration and victimization was significant. These results provide insight into the sex differences in Chinese traditional school bullying perpetration and victimization. The implications are interpreted and discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Szabó E, Körmendi A, Kurucz G, Cropley D, Olajos T, Pataky N. Personality Traits as Predictors of Malevolent Creative Ideation in Offenders. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070242. [PMID: 35877312 PMCID: PMC9311653 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malevolent creativity, which can be defined as creativity that is deliberately planned to damage others, is a concept that explains how the capacity to generate novel and effective outcomes (creativity) may, on occasion, be misapplied. The present study used 130 male inmates of the Oradea Maximum Security Penitentiary in Romania to explore the ability of a set of personality variables (the dark triad, self-efficacy, and self-esteem) to predict malevolent creative ideation. The findings indicate that Machiavellianism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of malevolent creative ideation in the form of lying, while only Machiavellianism was a significant predictor of malevolent creative ideation in the form of hurting people. In addition, the present study found significant differences among subgroups in the sample, with more experienced offenders showing higher levels of malevolent creative ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Oradea Penitentiary, Parcul Traian 3, 410033 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Attila Körmendi
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Győző Kurucz
- Department of Work and Organization Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - David Cropley
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Timea Olajos
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Nóra Pataky
- Department of Pedagogical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plouffe RA, Wilson CA, Saklofske DH. Examining the Relationships Between Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence, the Dark Tetrad of Personality, and Violence Perpetration in Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3449-NP3473. [PMID: 32799706 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520948517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major international public health concern that poses significant mental and physical health risks for affected individuals. To improve prevention efforts, it is imperative that researchers and government bodies understand risk factors for IPV. One such risk factor concerns the extent to which violence is intergenerational, such that exposure to violence predisposes individuals to engage in violence toward intimate partners. The purpose of this research is to assess childhood exposure to violence as a risk factor for perpetration of IPV in adulthood, and to evaluate the Dark Tetrad personality traits as mediators in this relationship. We recruited 153 men and 246 women (age range = 18-73, Mage = 33.50, SDage = 10.26) through Amazon's Mechanical Turk to complete a series of questionnaires and an open-ended IPV perpetration assessment. Results showed no relationship between IPV perpetration and childhood IPV exposure, indicating that mediation analyses were not possible. Possible explanations are discussed. Follow-up exploratory analyses demonstrated that gender moderated the relationships between childhood IPV exposure and levels of Factor 1 psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Specifically, men who were exposed to IPV in childhood were more likely to develop higher levels of Factor 1 psychopathy and Machiavellianism, whereas women were not. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of providing researchers and clinicians with a greater understanding of environmental events preceding maladaptive trait development. It is also important for researchers and clinicians to consider gender differences in pathways between exposure to IPV and subsequent development of dark personality traits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chung KL, Tay CE, Gan AZQ, Tan CSN. Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment of Children. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Despite corporal punishment being associated with negative developmental outcomes for children, it is commonly practiced in Malaysian courts, schools, and homes. This study examined the relationships among the Dark Tetrad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism), anger rumination, and attitudes toward corporal punishment of children. Two hundred sixty-three participants from a university and community sample in Malaysia completed measures of attitudes toward child corporal punishment, the Short Dark Tetrad, and the Anger Rumination Scale. Participants also answered questions about whether they received corporal punishment at home and school as children. Correlation analyses showed that Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism were positively associated with acceptance of corporal punishment. Further regression analyses revealed that having received corporal punishment at home – but not at school – during childhood as well as trait Machiavellianism and sadism predicted accepting attitudes toward corporal punishment. Identifying factors that influence people’s attitudes regarding corporal punishment and discipline behaviors could yield new insights into parenting education programs and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li Chung
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Cheng Ean Tay
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Zhi Qian Gan
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Celine Shi Ning Tan
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kircaburun K, Jonason P, Griffiths MD, Aslanargun E, Emirtekin E, Tosuntaş ŞB, Billieux J. Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Role of Dark Personality Traits. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11877-NP11893. [PMID: 31789089 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519889930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, spitefulness, and sadism) are associated with adverse childhood experiences and deviant online behaviors. However, their mediating role between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying has never previously been investigated. We examined direct and indirect associations of childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying via dark personality traits among 772 participants. Men were better characterized by dark personality traits and were more likely to engage in cyberbullying than women, and there were no sex differences in childhood emotional abuse. Collectively, dark traits fully mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying in men, with partial mediation in the total sample and women. More specifically, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were mediators in both samples, sadism was a mediator in men and the total sample, and psychopathy was a mediator in the total sample and women. The dark personality traits can account for the association between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying, especially among men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Jonason
- Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang Z, Xu X, Zhao Y, Lv C, Liu J. Childhood maltreatment and the attribution of humanizing traits to self and others: The mediating role of the dark personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Yang M, Zhu X, Sai X, Zhao F, Wu H, Geng Y. The Dark Triad and sleep quality: Mediating role of anger rumination. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
12
|
Zhu X, Geng Y, Sai X, Yang M, Toh CW, Zhan T, Yu J, Shi L. Moderating effects of gender and Machiavellianism on outcomes associated with negative life events among adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Birkás B, Pátkai G, Csathó Á. The Mediating Role of the Dark Triad Between Life History Strategy and Perceived Stress Factors. Psychol Rep 2018; 123:252-265. [PMID: 30572798 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118818095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Life History Theory posits early-life adversities affect personality development partway through sensitizing individuals to certain environmental cues, thus influencing the person’s responses to different stressors. We therefore hypothesized that life history strategy affects perceived distress and self-efficiency in coping through certain personality traits. The concept of the Dark Triad describes specific forms of personalities found to be associated with faster life strategies and perceived stress. Hence, the aim of our study was to examine the possible mediator role of the Dark Triad traits on the relationship between life strategies and perceived stress. A sample of 432 (133 males) under- and postgraduate students (aged between 18 and 34 years, M= 23.4, SD = 3.9) answered the Short-Form of the Arizona Life History Battery, the Mini-K, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Short Dark Triad. Multiple linear regression and subsequent mediation analyses showed significant mediation effects of Dark Triad traits on both perceived distress and perceived coping. Our results indicate that these personality traits are part of the process in which faster life strategies predict higher level of perceived stress and lower levels of coping ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Birkás
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Árpád Csathó
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ináncsi T, Pilinszki A, Paál T, Láng A. Perceptions of Close Relationship Through the Machiavellians´ Dark Glasses: Negativity, Distrust, Self-Protection Against Risk and Dissatisfaction. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 14:806-830. [PMID: 30555587 PMCID: PMC6266533 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v14i4.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly known from the literature that Machiavellian individuals have negative attitudes towards people and in general towards the world´s affairs. They are distrustful of the intentions of others, and they get cautiously involved into interpersonal interactions and take risks only if that may not have any severe negative consequence. It is also a fact that there are few ventures in life that potentially involve as much insecurity and personal vulnerability as the establishment and maintenance of close relationships. In our study, we were seeking the answer to the question: do people with high levels of Machiavellianism show a generally negative, distrustful and cautious attitude in their intimate relationships, as well? What effect their pessimistic approaches have on the other consequences of the relationship (satisfaction, commitment, investment, quality of alternatives)? This question was investigated on a dyadic sample of heterosexual couples (N = 101 pairs) with Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The results of the correlations and actor effects show that men with high levels of Machiavellianism perceive in a negative way not just people in general, but their romantic partners and relationships as well and they experience an increased level of distrust, risk, and dissatisfaction into their close relationships. Women with high levels of Machiavellianism are less negativistic and feel less discontent towards their intimate partner and relationship, but even they are unable to put their distrust and precaution aside. The results of partner effects have revealed that women's Machiavellianism undermines men's trust, while men's Machiavellianism has the effect of minimizing women's investment into their relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Ináncsi
- Department of General and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Pilinszki
- Faculty of Health and Public Services, University of Semmelweis, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - András Láng
- Department of Personality, Development and Clinical Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Durand G, de Calheiros Velozo J. The interplay of gender, parental behaviors, and child maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 83:120-128. [PMID: 30025302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported an effect of childhood maltreatment and parenting behavior with the future development of psychopathic traits. However, there is a limited amount of research on parenting behavior and adult psychopathic traits as possible identifiers of childhood maltreatment. The aim of this study is three-fold (1) identify specific parenting behaviors and adult psychopathic traits that predict forms of childhood maltreatment, (2) explore gender differences, and (3) expand on other studies on psychopathy by focusing on a representative sample of the community. There are significant associations between recalled childhood maltreatment and parenting behavior, and psychopathic traits. Parental rejection was the most recurrent predictor of childhood maltreatment with a significant positive relation to almost all its forms. Paternal overprotection was positively associated with sexual abuse, while the opposite was true for maternal overprotection. Psychopathic traits displayed in adulthood were also strong indicators of childhood maltreatment; females with high levels of boldness were more likely to have experienced sexual abuse in childhood, and those high in disinhibition were more likely to have experienced physical neglect and sexual abuse. While males were generally higher in terms of psychopathic traits, females reported more childhood abuse and negative parental behaviors. These findings provide support for using parenting behavior and psychopathic traits as markers of childhood maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Durand
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Joana de Calheiros Velozo
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Monaghan C, Bizumic B, Sellbom M. Nomological network of two-dimensional Machiavellianism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Chen BB. The Associations Between Social Rank Uncertainty, Machiavellianism, and Dominance: From a Life History Perspective. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 16:1474704918776176. [PMID: 29759010 PMCID: PMC10481006 DOI: 10.1177/1474704918776176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used the life history (LH) theory to investigate how environmental cues are associated with Machiavellianism. A total of 252 undergraduate students completed self-report measures of social rank uncertainty, Machiavellianism, fast LH strategy, and dominance. The results indicated that Machiavellianism was related to a fast LH strategy. Furthermore, a fast LH strategy mediated an association between social rank uncertainty and Machiavellianism. Finally, Machiavellianism was positively associated with dominance. These findings may enhance our understanding of the evolutionary origin of Machiavellianism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Csathó Á, Birkás B. Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features. Front Psychol 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 29593609 PMCID: PMC5857553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory posits that behavioral adaptation to various environmental (ecological and/or social) conditions encountered during childhood is regulated by a wide variety of different traits resulting in various behavioral strategies. Unpredictable and harsh conditions tend to produce fast life history strategies, characterized by early maturation, a higher number of sexual partners to whom one is less attached, and less parenting of offspring. Unpredictability and harshness not only affects dispositional social and emotional functioning, but may also promote the development of personality traits linked to higher rates of instability in social relationships or more self-interested behavior. Similarly, detrimental childhood experiences, such as poor parental care or high parent-child conflict, affect personality development and may create a more distrustful, malicious interpersonal style. The aim of this brief review is to survey and summarize findings on the impact of negative early-life experiences on the development of personality and fast life history strategies. By demonstrating that there are parallels in adaptations to adversity in these two domains, we hope to lend weight to current and future attempts to provide a comprehensive insight of personality traits and functions at the ultimate and proximate levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Csathó
- Medical School, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Birkás
- Medical School, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Láng A, Abell L. Relationship between interparental functioning and adolescents' level of Machiavellianism: A multi-perspective approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Geng Y, Yang Z, Zhang R, Fan W, Yan F, Sai X, Liu Y. Relations between Machiavellianism, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents: A one-year longitudinal study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Cohen-Zimerman S, Chau A, Krueger F, Gordon B, Grafman J. Machiavellian tendencies increase following damage to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2017; 107:68-75. [PMID: 29126929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Machiavellianism - a personality trait that is characterized by a tendency to distrust, deceive and exploit others - has been the focus of growing attention in psychological research. Neuroimaging studies of Machiavellianism highlight the influence of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on Machiavellianism tendencies. However, knowledge regarding the causal role of the left and right dlPFC on Machiavellianism is still obscure. Here, we measured general Machiavellian tendencies, as well as two subscales (i.e., Machiavellian Views and Machiavellian Tactics) in a large sample of brain-injured patients (N = 129) and non-brain-injured control participants (N = 37) to determine whether Machiavellianism tendencies can be altered by brain damage. We analyzed Machiavellianism tendencies as a function of lesion location, with patients separated into four groups based on dlPFC damage: left dlPFC damage, right dlPFC damage, non-dlPFC damage, and healthy controls. We found that left dlPFC damage increased Machiavellianism in general, and Machiavellian perspective (views) in particular, but did not modulate behavior (tactics). Critically, left dlPFC damage predicted higher levels of Machiavellianism after controlling for general and emotional intelligence, linguistic abilities, empathy and psychopathology. These findings establish a causal role of the left dlPFC in modulating Machiavellian views, and indicate that one can hold Machiavellian views without necessarily endorsing Machiavellian tactics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Chau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ináncsi T, Láng A, Bereczkei T. A Darker Shade of Love: Machiavellianism and Positive Assortative Mating Based on Romantic Ideals. EUROPE'S JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 12:137-52. [PMID: 27247697 PMCID: PMC4873071 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v12i1.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized by manipulative and exploitative attitude toward others, lack of empathy, and a cynical view of human nature. In itself or as part of the Dark Triad it has been the target of several studies investigating romantic relations. Nevertheless, the relationship between Machiavellianism and romantic ideals has not been revealed yet. An undergraduate sample of 143 (92 females) with an average age of 19.83 years (SD = 1.51 years) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism (Mach-IV Scale) and romantic ideals (Ideal Standards Scale and NEO-FFI-IDEAL). According to our results, Machiavellianism correlated negatively with the importance of partner’s warmth-trustworthiness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and with the importance of intimacy and loyalty in their ideal relationships. Machiavellianism correlated positively with the ideal partner’s possession over status and resources. Explorative factor analysis revealed three components of ideal partner’s characteristics. Machiavellianism loaded significantly on two out of three components. Results are discussed with regard to Ideal Standards Model and the Big Five model of personality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Ináncsi
- Department of General and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Láng
- Department of Personality, Development and Clinical Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bereczkei
- Department of General and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Richardson EN, Boag S. Offensive defenses: The mind beneath the mask of the dark triad traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
Láng A. Borderline Personality Organization predicts Machiavellian interpersonal tactics. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|