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Rodríguez-Mondragón L, Moreno-Encinas A, Graell M, Román FJ, Sepúlveda AR. A case-control study to differentiate parents' personality traits on anorexia nervosa and affective disorders. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38520285 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) and affective disorders (AD) in adolescent population and several investigations have pointed out that specific family dynamics play a major role in the onset, course, and maintenance of both disorders. The aim of this study was to extend the literature of this topic by exploring differences between parents' personality traits, coping strategies, and expressed emotion comparing groups of adolescents with different mental conditions (anorexia nervosa vs. affective disorder vs. control group) with a case-control study design. A total of 50 mothers and 50 fathers of 50 girls with anorexia nervosa (AN), 40 mothers and 40 fathers of 40 girls with affective disorder (AD), and 50 mothers and 50 fathers of 50 girls with no pathology that conformed the control group (CG) were measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the COPE Inventory, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and psychopathology variables, anxiety, and depression. Both parents of girls with AN showed a significant difference in personality, coping strategies, and expressed emotion compared to both parents in the CG, while they presented more similarities to parents of girls in the AD group. Identifying personality traits, expressed emotion, coping strategies, and psychopathology of parents and their daughters will allow improvements in the interventions with the adolescents, parents, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rodríguez-Mondragón
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moreno-Encinas
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graell
- Section Head of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, University Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Román
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A R Sepúlveda
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sobregrau P, Peri JM, Sánchez del Valle R, Molinuevo JL, Barra B, Pintor L. Psychiatric and Psychosocial Characteristics of a Cohort of Spanish Individuals Attending Genetic Counseling Due to Risk for Genetically Conditioned Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:461-478. [PMID: 36186729 PMCID: PMC9484134 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Predictive genetic tests are presently effective over several medical conditions, increasing the demand among patients and healthy individuals. Considering the psychological burden suspected familial dementia may carry on individuals, assessing personality, coping strategies, and mental health could aid clinicians in findings the appropriate time for delivering genetic test results and predict compliance regarding genetic counseling and expectations towards the genetic condition depending on the outcome. Objective: To describe the psychiatric, psychological, and coping characteristics of a sample of Spanish individuals at risk of familial dementia before genetic test results were given. Methods: We included 54 first degree relatives of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, lobar frontotemporal degeneration, or prion diseases. The NEO-FFI-R, COPE, and HADS tests evaluated personality, coping strategies, and psychological distress, respectively. Results: Anxiety and depression were below the cut-off point for mild severity. Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were the most preponderant personality factors, while Neuroticism was the least. Positive reinterpretation and Acceptance were the most frequent coping strategies, and Denial and Alcohol and drug use were the least used. Ongoing medical pathologies increased depression, while psychiatric disorders worsened psychological distress. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, PICOGEN candidates showed psychological distress and personality traits within normative ranges, and the use of problem-focused coping strategies prevailed over avoidance coping strategies. Nevertheless, clinicians should pay particular attention to individuals attending genetic counseling who are women, aged, and present an ongoing psychiatric disorder and psychiatric history at inclusion to ensure their mental health and adherence throughout the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sobregrau
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Faculty, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Peri
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez del Valle
- Neurology Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Barra
- Clínica Universidad de Los Andes, Servicio de Salud Mental, Santiago, Chile
- Psychiatric Department, School of Medicine, Andrés Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luís Pintor
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Faculty, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Takács R, Takács S, T Kárász J, Horváth Z, Oláh A. Exploring Coping Strategies of Different Generations of Students Starting University. Front Psychol 2021; 12:740569. [PMID: 34659057 PMCID: PMC8514630 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coping strategies and adaptation skills are key features in successfully adjusting to university challenges. Coping skills are an essential part of the Psychological immune system, which leads to successful adaptation. Due to COVID-19 most universities have changed their face-to-face teaching for online education. Nevertheless, there is little concrete empirical evidence on how this generation of students with the ongoing impacts of disruptive changes can cope with it. Colleges and universities need to make changes in order to retain this new generation of students. Our aim was to explore the characteristics and changes in coping skills of university students from three different age groups. Method: Psychological coping skills were measured by the Psychological Immune Competence Inventory (PICI). Differences were detected between generations. Group comparisons (pre-2004, pre-Covid, and post-Covid) groups were compared) using PICI subscales using independent sample analysis of variance. The sample consisted of 4,731 university students, 2,768 (58.5%) were men and 1,730 (36.56%) were women. Results: Students from 2004 showed significantly higher scores in the Self-regulation subsystem scale compared to students in the pre-Covid and post-Covid groups. Self-regulation subsystem: F(2, 2,569.607) = 444.375, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.27: small effect, ω2 = 0.27; Resilience: F(2, 2,372.117) = 1171.855, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.14: small effect, ω2 = 0.14. Based on the results, the explained variance ratio was at least 10% based on self-regulation and resilience. Conclusions: Psychological immune capacity of students seems to decrease through the years. Nonetheless, interventions may have a further facilitating role in the maintenance and development of psychological immunity during college years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Takács
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takács
- Institute of Psychology, Department of General Psychology and Methodology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit T Kárász
- Doctoral School of Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Horváth
- Institute of Computer Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Lovegrove CJ, Bannigan K. What is the lived experience of anxiety for people with Parkinson's? A phenomenological study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249390. [PMID: 33831029 PMCID: PMC8031398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anxiety is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's and there is no specific pharmacological intervention for people with Parkinson's who experience anxiety. Yet there is little specific research documenting how individuals with this condition experience anxiety. It is important to explore the experiences of people with Parkinson's to identify potential issues in developing future non-pharmacological interventions. This study explored the lived experience of anxiety for people with Parkinson's. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six participants were recruited into a descriptive phenomenological study, through the charity Parkinson's UK, using a maximum variation sampling strategy. Face to face interviews were conducted. Data analysis employed thematic analysis. RESULTS Three key themes encapsulated the data: Finding ways to cope to "Try not to let it rule your life", Amplifies symptoms "It's emotionally draining it it's also physically draining" and "Anxiety is a funny thing" experienced in myriad ways. A model of the experience of PWP experience of anxiety is proposed. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety is a complex experience constructed of interlinked parts affecting people with Parkinson's in myriad ways. Researchers and healthcare professionals should take these findings into account when designing future studies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lovegrove
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health & Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Bannigan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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The location of coping strategies within the Alternative Five Factor Model of personality. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morales-Rodríguez FM, Pérez-Mármol JM. The Role of Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Emotional Intelligence on General Perceived Self-Efficacy in University Students. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1689. [PMID: 31447720 PMCID: PMC6692438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present research is to analyze the relationship of levels of self-efficacy and anxiety, coping strategies, and emotional intelligence in Spanish university students. This study has a cross-sectional design. The sample was composed of 258 university students recruited from three academic areas. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Significant bivariate analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between self-efficacy and state anxiety (r = -0.340) and trait anxiety (r = -0.466). In addition, a direct correlation was found between self-efficacy and the coping strategies of problem-solving (r = 0.312), emotional expression (r = 0.133), cognitive restructuring (r = 0.195), social withdrawal (r = 0.103), and coping with a situation (r = 0.303), as well as with the emotional intelligence dimensions of emotional clarity (r = 0.397) and repair mood (r = 0.347). Multivariate regression analysis showed that trait anxiety, problem-solving, emotional expression, social withdrawal, and emotional clarity were significantly related to the dependent variable, predicting 39% of total variance on levels of general perceived self-efficacy. In conclusion, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the related factors to general perceived self-efficacy in undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Mármol
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Liao GY, Huang HC, Teng CI. Who are likely to experience disconfirmation? Impact of temperament and character on disconfirmation. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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