1
|
Preuter S, Jaeger B, Stel M. The costs of lying: Consequences of telling lies on liar's self-esteem and affect. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:894-908. [PMID: 38158879 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Deceiving others is generally viewed as immoral. However, most people lie on a daily basis. This article examines the psychological consequences for the liars themselves, as they are participating in what is generally perceived as immoral behaviour. More specifically, this article focuses on the effects of lying on the liar's self-esteem and affect. We tested if lying, in comparison to telling the truth, lowers people's self-esteem and increases negative experienced affect. In total, three cross sectional and one longitudinal studies were conducted (N = 783). Results showed that lying decreased people's self-esteem and increased negative affect, regardless of the type of lie (self-centred vs. other-oriented). Furthermore, lying on a given day decreased people's self-esteem compared to their self-esteem on the previous day and to their average level of self-esteem across 5 days.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Wang R, Zhu N, Kong F. Childhood maltreatment and depressed mood in female college students: A daily diary analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106611. [PMID: 38159407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has well-documented relations with depressed mood. However, few studies have used a daily diary methodology to investigate the association between all five forms of childhood maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect) and depressed mood, and the mechanisms underlying the association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to examine the associations of multiple forms of childhood maltreatment with depressed mood via a 14-day daily diary methodology, and investigate the mediating effects of self-compassion and perceived social support. METHODS A sample of 220 Chinese female college students (Mage = 19.13 years) participated in this study and completed questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, self-compassion, perceived social support and depressed mood. RESULTS The multilevel regression analysis indicated that only emotional abuse was slightly associated with depressed mood, while emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, or sexual abuse were not associated with depressed mood. The multilevel mediation analysis further revealed that self-compassion and perceived social support independently mediated the association of childhood emotional abuse with depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results emphasize the specific association between childhood emotional abuse and daily depressed mood, and further support self-compassion and perceived social support as explanatory mechanisms linking childhood emotional abuse with later depressed mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningzhe Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang X, Hu W, Zhao X, Liu Y, Ren Y, Tang Z, Yang J. The role of personal, relational, and collective self-esteem in predicting acute salivary cortisol response and perceived stress. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38362823 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Personal self-esteem (PSE) has been well recognized as a buffer against stress; however, the effects of other types of self-esteem, such as relational self-esteem (RSE) and collective self-esteem (CSE), on stress have not been adequately explored. This study investigated the roles of PSE, RSE, and CSE in reducing stress response. The Rosenberg, Relational, and Collective Self-Esteem Scales were adopted to assess PSE, RSE, and CSE, respectively. Participants underwent an acute social stress paradigm, and their acute stress response was assessed using subjective stress reports and salivary cortisol levels. Chronic stress level was estimated using the Perceived Stress Scale and hair cortisol concentration. The results showed that PSE was negatively correlated with salivary cortisol response during acute social stress; however, no significant associations were found between any type of self-esteem and subjective stress reports. For chronic stress, all types of self-esteem were negatively associated with perceived stress level, but not with hair cortisol concentration. Further hierarchical regression analyses suggested that only PSE negatively predicted acute salivary cortisol response and perceived stress level. Overall, the findings suggest the essential role of PSE in predicting acute salivary cortisol responses and perceived stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yipeng Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Etemadi Shamsababdi P, Dehshiri GR. Self-Compassion, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms; the Mediation of Shame and Guilt. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241227525. [PMID: 38251880 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241227525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-compassion is related to psychological well-being and can improve mental health problems. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of self-compassion with anxiety and depression symptoms considering the mediating effects of shame and guilt. Two hundred forty-three participants in Iran completed the measures of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and personal feelings questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2 Brief). The result showed that there was a significant negative correlation between self-compassion and shame, guilt, depression, and anxiety. The correlation between shame and guilt with depression and anxiety was also positive and significant. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether self-compassion predicted decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety through decreased shame and guilt. The results showed that self-compassion has a negative direct effect on depression symptoms. The direct effect of self-compassion on anxiety symptoms was not significant. Moreover, we found that shame and guilt mediate the relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. However, the indirect effect of guilt on anxiety symptoms was not significant. The findings of the current study demonstrate that Self-compassion is linked to more psychological strengths and efficient emotional regulations, leading to less self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chan KKS, Fung WTW, Leung DCK. Self-compassion mitigates the cognitive, affective, and social impact of courtesy stigma on parents of autistic children. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1649-1660. [PMID: 36566467 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder, many parents of autistic children are devaluated and discriminated against by the public. Despite the high prevalence of this courtesy stigma, very few studies have examined its negative effects on parents of autistic children and explored the factors that may protect the parents from these negative effects. The present study utilized a 2-year, two-wave prospective longitudinal design to examine the associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive (self-stigma), affective (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and social (parent-child and inter-parental conflicts) consequences for parents of autistic children and to test whether these associations would be moderated and mitigated by self-compassion. METHODS A total of 381 parents of autistic children completed questionnaires about courtesy stigma, self-compassion, self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent-child and inter-parental conflicts at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2). RESULTS Courtesy stigma interacted with self-compassion at T1 in predicting self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent-child and inter-parental conflicts at T2. Specifically, the associations of courtesy stigma with the adverse psychological consequences were weaker for parents with high self-compassion than for those with low self-compassion. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the prospective associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive, affective, and social consequences for parents of autistic children, as well as the protective effects of self-compassion against such associations. These results highlight the importance of increasing parents' self-compassion to help them cope with courtesy stigma and improve their psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ka Shing Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Winnie Tsz Wa Fung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donald Chi Kin Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luong G, Miller JW, Kirkland D, Morse JL, Wrzus C, Diehl M, Chow SM, Riediger M. Valuing Negative Affect Weakens Affect-Health Linkages: Similarities and Differences Across Affect Valuation Measures. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2023; 47:347-363. [PMID: 38463946 PMCID: PMC10923588 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-023-10012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Negative affect (NA) has been robustly linked to poorer psychological health, including greater depressive symptoms, personal burnout, and perceived stress. These associations, known as affect-health links, have been postulated by our research team to vary with different levels of negative affect valuation (NAV), such that people who evaluate NA states as more pleasant, helpful, appropriate, and/or meaningful may show weaker affect-health links. Another affect valuation construct is ideal NA, which is the degree to which people ideally want to experience NA states (i.e., desirability of affective states). The current study extends previous research by examining these two different measures of affect valuation (NAV and ideal NA) and comparing the extent to which they moderate affect-health links for psychological health and functioning. Participants from the Health and Daily Experiences (HEADE) study (N = 162 comprising of 56 younger adults and 106 older adults) completed questionnaires in a laboratory setting and ecological momentary assessments of NA 6 times a day for 7 consecutive days (i.e., trait NA). The results demonstrated that the two affect valuation constructs were distinct and showed different patterns of buffering effects. NAV attenuated the association between trait NA and depressive symptoms, personal burnout, and intolerance of uncertainty. Ideal NA attenuated affect-health links for depressive symptoms and perceived stress. These findings point to the importance of sharpening the distinctions between various affect valuation constructs to elucidate their unique contributions to attenuating affect-health links.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Luong
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | - James W. Miller
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | - David Kirkland
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | - Jessica L. Morse
- University of California, San Diego
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - Cornelia Wrzus
- Department of Psychological Aging Research, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg
| | - Manfred Diehl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | - Sy-Miin Chow
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Michaela Riediger
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bicaker E, Schell SE, Racine SE. The role of self-compassion in the relationship between rejection and unhealthy eating: An ecological momentary assessment study. Appetite 2023; 186:106568. [PMID: 37054819 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Available studies suggest that experiencing interpersonal rejection heightens negative affect and, in turn, triggers unhealthy eating behaviors. Elucidating individual differences that attenuate the negative consequences of rejection could inform interventions targeting unhealthy eating. This study examined the buffering role of self-compassion in the relationship between rejection experiences and unhealthy eating behaviors, defined as snacking on junk food and overeating. Two-hundred undergraduate students (50% women) completed ecological momentary assessments measuring rejection experiences, emotions, and unhealthy eating seven times a day for 10 consecutive days. Self-compassion was measured after the 10-day assessment period. Reports of rejection were low (2.6%) in our university sample. Multilevel mediation analyses examined whether the relationship between experiencing rejection and subsequent unhealthy eating was mediated by negative affect. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses further considered whether relationships between rejection and negative affect and between negative affect and unhealthy eating were moderated by self-compassion. Experiencing rejection predicted more unhealthy eating behaviors at the next time point, and this relationship was fully explained by increases in negative affect. Participants with high levels of self-compassion experienced less intense negative affect after rejection and reported less unhealthy eating behaviors when feeling negative emotions, compared to their counterparts with lower levels of self-compassion. The indirect effect of rejection on unhealthy eating was moderated by self-compassion, and there was no statistically significant relationship between rejection and unhealthy eating behaviors among highly self-compassionate participants. Findings suggest that cultivating self-compassion may help attenuate the negative impact of rejection experiences on emotions and unhealthy eating behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ege Bicaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miyagawa Y. Self-compassion manipulation regulates affect and aggressive inclinations in the context of social rejection. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Self-compassion refers to being supportive toward oneself when experiencing suffering or pain-be it caused by personal mistakes and inadequacies or external life challenges. This review presents my theoretical model of self-compassion as comprised of six different elements: increased self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness as well as reduced self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification. It discusses the methodology of self-compassion research and reviews the increasingly large number of empirical studies that indicate self-compassion is a productive way of approaching distressing thoughts and emotions that engenders mental and physical well-being. It also reviews research that dispels common myths about self-compassion (e.g., that it is weak, selfish, self-indulgent or undermines motivation). Interventions designed to increase self-compassion, such as compassion-focused therapy and mindful self-compassion, are discussed. Finally, the review considers problematic issues in the field, such as the differential effects fallacy, and considers limitations and future research directions in the field of self-compassion research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Neff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:622-636. [PMID: 36644400 PMCID: PMC9823261 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives While self-compassion (SC) has mostly been understood as a stable trait-like property, growing evidence suggests that it may fluctuate over time within a given individual. However, little is known on how these fluctuations relate to affective well-being and affective dynamics, such as emotional inertia and stress reactivity in daily life. Methods A sample of 119 non-clinical individuals (mean age: 31.3 years, 53.8% female) completed a 7-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study with six semi-random signals per day. With each signal, individuals reported their momentary positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), recent SC, and occurrence and perceived strain of daily hassles since the last signal. Results Whenever individuals reported higher recent SC than usual, they experienced higher momentary PA and lower momentary NA. Moreover, higher recent SC related to lower stress reactivity in terms of lower decrease of PA and lower increase of NA following the experience of daily hassles. No associations between SC and emotional inertia were found. When distinguishing between the positive components (SC-Pos) and negative components (SC-Neg) of SC, SC-Neg (compared to SC-Pos) was more strongly connected to NA, while SC-Pos and SC-Neg were similarly connected to PA. SC-Pos was associated with an attenuated NA stress reactivity, and SC-Neg with an increased NA stress reactivity. SC-Pos and SC-Neg did not significantly moderate PA stress reactivity nor emotional inertia. Conclusions Results show that the benefits of SC for well-being and stress reactivity may unfold whenever we treat ourselves with compassion, irrespective of how self-compassionate we are in general. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-02050-y.
Collapse
|
11
|
Brier ZMF, Burt KB, Legrand AC, Price M. An examination of the heterogeneity of the relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder, self-compassion and gratitude. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022. [PMID: 36508309 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has found both self-compassion and gratitude to be protective against overall posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. PTSD is a highly heterogeneous disorder; however, it is unclear if these protective constructs are differentially associated with each cluster of PTSD. The present study examined differences in the association of self-compassion and gratitude with the four clusters of PTSD as indicated by the DSM-5. Participants were 1424 trauma-exposed individuals recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The mean age of participants was 31.49 (SD = 11.25) years old, and 55.3% of the sample identified as female. A structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to examine relationships between factors of gratitude, self-compassion and the four PTSD symptom clusters. A two-factor model of self-compassion best fits the data. Both the self-compassion and gratitude factors were significantly associated with all symptom clusters of PTSD. Wald chi-square tests indicated self-compassion and gratitude to have the strongest association with negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) PTSD symptoms. These findings may have important implications for treatment targets to reduce specific symptoms of PTSD, particularly in PTSD symptoms related to negative affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M F Brier
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Keith B Burt
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Matthew Price
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Good times, bad times: A closer look at the relationship between savoring and self-compassion. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Wang Y, Wu R, Li L, Ma J, Yang W, Dai Z. Common and distinct neural substrates of the compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding dimensions of self-compassion. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2667-2680. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
14
|
Tran MAQ, Vo-Thanh T, Soliman M, Khoury B, Chau NNT. Self-compassion, Mindfulness, Stress, and Self-esteem Among Vietnamese University Students: Psychological Well-being and Positive Emotion as Mediators. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2574-2586. [PMID: 36124230 PMCID: PMC9476386 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Theory and prior research suggest that improving self-esteem is a promising way to improve students’ academic performance and mental health. This study empirically examines the mediating effect of psychological well-being and positive emotion in the relationships between self-compassion, mindfulness, stress, and self-esteem. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed-method design was employed. Quantitative data collected through a two-wave survey from 654 Vietnamese students were analyzed to test the hypotheses using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0. Data from 19 in-depth interviews were used to explain the quantitative findings and explore students’ experiences in practicing mindfulness and self-compassion. Results Findings revealed that psychological well-being and positive emotion fully mediated the relationships between self-compassion, mindfulness, stress, and self-esteem. Conclusions Results of this study highlight the importance of psychological well-being and positive emotion in the self-compassion, mindfulness, stress, and self-esteem relationship, as well as explain a possible process by which factors help university students achieve and sustain a sense of high self-esteem. Ultimately, this study has identified several potential targets for intervention strategies in mental health, such as mindfulness and self-compassion among university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Vo-Thanh
- Tourism Department, Economics – Management Faculty, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Soliman
- University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah, Oman
- Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Bassam Khoury
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2 Canada
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Thao Chau
- University of Economics and Law, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bian XH, Hou XL, Zuo ZH, Quan H, Ju K, Wu W, Xi JZ. Depression and sleep quality among Chinese college students: The roles of rumination and self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
The effects of inducing self-compassion on affective and physiological recovery from a psychosocial stressor in depression. Behav Res Ther 2021; 146:103965. [PMID: 34530317 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to extend previous research by testing whether self-compassion acts as a protective factor that facilitates faster affective and physiological recovery from stress in people with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, we examined the effect of experimentally induced self-compassion on positive affect, negative affect, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) recovery from stress. Participants (N = 59) experiencing elevated depressive symptoms completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a standardized psychosocial stressor, and then were randomly assigned to either a self-compassion induction or a no-strategy control induction before resting quietly during the 30-min recovery period. During the induction period, participants in the self-compassion condition exhibited a greater increase in positive affect and a trend towards a greater decrease in negative affect than did participants in the no-strategy control condition. However, the psychological benefits of self-compassion did not continue during the post-induction recovery period. Moreover, changes in RSA levels did not differ between participants in the self-compassion and no-strategy control condition. These results suggest that, among individuals with elevated depressive symptoms, brief self-compassion inductions have short-term beneficial psychological, but not physiological, effects. As such, our findings delineate the benefits and boundaries of single-session self-compassion inductions in depression, and in doing so, inform future experimental and applied research.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ter Avest MJ, Schuling R, Greven CU, Huijbers MJ, Wilderjans TF, Spinhoven P, Speckens AEM. Interplay between self-compassion and affect during Mindfulness-Based Compassionate Living for recurrent depression: An Autoregressive Latent Trajectory analysis. Behav Res Ther 2021; 146:103946. [PMID: 34479145 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to investigate the possible interplay between self-compassion and affect during Mindfulness-Based Compassionate Living (MBCL) in recurrently depressed individuals. METHODS Data was used from a subsample of a parallel-group randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of MBCL in recurrently depressed adults (n = 104). Self-reports of self-compassion and positive/negative affect were obtained at the start of each of the eight MBCL sessions. RESULTS Bivariate Autoregressive Latent Trajectory (ALT) modeling showed that, when looking at the interplay between self-compassion and positive/negative affect on a session-to-session basis, no significant reciprocal cross-lagged effects between self-compassion and positive affect were found. Although there were no cross-lagged effects from negative affect to self-compassion, higher levels of self-compassion at each session did predict lower levels of negative affect at the subsequent session (bSC(t-1),NA(t) = -0.182, s.e. = 0.076, p = .017). CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that increases in self-compassion are followed by decreases in negative affect in MBCL for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Ter Avest
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - R Schuling
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - C U Greven
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Center, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 G, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Huijbers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - T F Wilderjans
- Methodology and Statistics Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Building, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum (LUMC), 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - P Spinhoven
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Building, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - A E M Speckens
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caballero R, Chaves C, Valiente C. Life satisfaction in people affected by a severe psychiatric condition: a comprehensive model. PSYCHOSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1961011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abdollahi A, Taheri A, Allen KA. Perceived stress, self-compassion and job burnout in nurses: the moderating role of self-compassion. J Res Nurs 2021; 26:182-191. [PMID: 35251240 PMCID: PMC8894998 DOI: 10.1177/1744987120970612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout is more prevalent among nurses than other medical team members and may have adverse effects on the mental and physical health of both nurses and their patients. AIMS To evaluate the associations between job burnout as a dependent variable with perceived stress and self-compassion as independent variables, and test the buffering role of self-compassion in the link between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method. A total of 150 nurses from four hospitals in Tehran, Iran participated in this study and completed three questionnaires, namely the Perceived Stress Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. RESULTS Partial least square-structural equation modelling showed greater levels of perceived stress associated with greater levels of job burnout (β = 0.795, p < 0.001), and greater levels of self-compassion associated with lower levels of job burnout (β = -0.512, p < 0.001) in nurses. The results of the interaction-moderation analysis showed that self-compassion diminished the effect of perceived stress on job burnout in nurses. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study not only showed a significant association between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses, but also increased our understanding about the buffering role of self-compassion in the link between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abdollahi
- Abbas Abdollahi, Department of Counselling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Post code: 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Taheri
- PhD Student, Department of Counselling, Alzahra University, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rahmandani A, La Kahija YF, Salma S. Will Self-Compassion Relieve Distress?: A Correlational Study Among Indonesian Undergraduate Students. Yonago Acta Med 2021; 64:192-199. [PMID: 34025194 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Self-compassion has been considered beneficial in overcoming negative self-assessment due to inadequate coping that increases vulnerability to significant distress among undergraduate students in emerging adulthood. Methods Subjects were 552 Indonesian undergraduate students from Diponegoro University, Indonesia (MAge = 20.03; SDAge = 1,022). Sex and age category were identified for further analysis. The measurements used the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 also measures psychological morbidity in three dimensions, i.e. social dysfunction, anxiety and depression symptoms, and loss of confidence. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rho. Additional analyzes using the Mann-Whitney U Test and descriptive statistics were also performed. Results Self-compassion had a significant negative relation with distress. Self-compassion was significantly related to all dimensions of distress, i.e. loss of confidence, anxiety and depression symptoms, and social dysfunction (from largest to smallest respectively). The correlation between self-compassion and distress in men was higher than women, both were significant. The correlation between those two constructs in late adolescence and early adulthood were also significant. Both sex and age did not significantly predict self-compassion and distress. Conclusion The existence of self-compassion could predict a lower level of distress both in general and based on its dimensions, as well as correlations based on sex and age categories. A higher correlation in men may be of concern, while the absence of a marked difference in the correlation by age category could be due to the effect of small age variation in both age categories that was still in the emerging adult period. This was also supported by a non-significant difference of each variable across sex and age category. Discussions based on cultural values were also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rahmandani
- Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | | | - Salma Salma
- Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Importance of Self-Compassion in Terms of Self Psychology. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion has fostered a new way to build connectedness with oneself and affirmed the importance of offering compassion to oneself. However, there have been numerous arguments about the similarity with other self-related concepts, yet they have neglected its importance in self-psychology. For instance, self-compassion could be seen as an important element in Kohut’s concept of self in illustrating the self-object and self-experience theory, thus leading to a healthy self. Additionally, the self-schemas (self-esteem and self-efficacy) have been sufficiently shown to be associating with and predicting positive psychological outcomes and have further demonstrated the positive relations with self-compassion. Self-compassion thus demonstrated that similar features have been shared among the self-schemas. Moreover, with the claim that self-compassion was more precise than self-esteem, self-compassion should be emphasized by self-psychology then to develop a new era of “true self-esteem”.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wong MYC, Chung PK, Leung KM. Examining the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion among Hong Kong Secondary School Students Using Structural Equation Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3661. [PMID: 33915817 PMCID: PMC8037063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between physical activity in achieving mental health benefits and subjective well-being is consistently identified by empirical research. The causation of a positive self-concept created by physical exercise is empirically supported by Sonstroem and Morgan's (1988) exercise and self-esteem model (EXSEM). However, various drawbacks of maintaining high self-esteem have been identified; thus, the concept of self-compassion was conjectured to be a form of "true self-esteem." Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion by examining the exercise and self-esteem model revised with self-compassion (EXSEM-SC). This study recruited secondary school students from Hong Kong using convenience sampling. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, including path analysis and multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, were used to reveal the results of the study. The results (n = 1097) indicated that the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion could be demonstrated by the EXSEM-SC, with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index in the SEMs. The SEM also demonstrated the direct paths from physical activity to self-compassion and mental well-being, indicating the significant effect of physical activity on self-compassion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Claudia Wong
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
| | - Pak-Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
| | - Ka-Man Leung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lathren C, Bluth K, Park J. Adolescent Self-Compassion Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Internalizing Symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019; 143:36-41. [PMID: 32042216 PMCID: PMC7009781 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-compassion, a trait that involves responding to one's difficulties with care and concern, may offer unique stress coping benefits during the challenges of adolescence. METHODS This cross-sectional study used survey data from a large adolescent sample within two U.S. school settings (N=1,057; 65% female; 68% white; mean age 14.7 years) to examine whether self-compassion buffers the impact of perceived stress on internalizing symptoms, and secondarily, if these relationships differ by gender. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed self-compassion is inversely related to internalizing symptoms. Moreover, the relationship between stress and depression and anxiety symptoms differed by level of self-compassion. This moderation effect was similar between genders for depressive symptoms, but slightly greater in males compared to females for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS These results add to our understanding of self-compassion as an adaptive emotion regulation strategy with potential benefits for youth experiencing stress. Further research is needed to confirm if moderation effects for anxiety differ by gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lathren
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514 USA 919-966-8586
| | - Karen Bluth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514 USA 919-966-8586
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karl A, Williams MJ, Cardy J, Kuyken W, Crane C. Dispositional self-compassion and responses to mood challenge in people at risk for depressive relapse/recurrence. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 25:621-633. [PMID: 29896818 PMCID: PMC6221037 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between dispositional self-compassion and cognitive emotion regulation capacities in individuals with a history of depression. Study 1 (n = 403) established that self-compassion was associated with increased use of positive and decreased use of negative strategies, with small to medium sized correlations. Study 2 (n = 68) was an experimental study examining the association between dispositional self-compassion, use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and changes in mood and self-devaluation in participants exposed to a negative mood induction followed by mood repair (mindfulness, rumination, silence). Individuals with higher levels of dispositional self-compassion showed greater mood recovery after mood induction, and less self-devaluation across the experimental procedure, independent of their mood-repair condition or habitual forms of cognitive emotion regulation. These results suggest that self-compassion is associated with more adaptive responses to mood challenges in individuals with a history of recurrent depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Karl
- Mood Disorders CentreUniversity of ExeterUK
| | | | - Jessica Cardy
- Oxford Doctoral Course in Clinical Psychology, Harris Manchester CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou S, Da S, Guo H, Zhang X. Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health Among Female Employees: A Sequential Mediation Model via Negative Affect and Perceived Stress. Front Psychol 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 29719522 PMCID: PMC5913348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in 2016, more and more working women have found themselves caught in the dilemma of whether to raise a baby or be promoted, which exacerbates work-family conflicts among Chinese women. Few studies have examined the mediating effect of negative affect. The present study combined the conservation of resources model and affective events theory to examine the sequential mediating effect of negative affect and perceived stress in the relationship between work-family conflict and mental health. A valid sample of 351 full-time Chinese female employees was recruited in this study, and participants voluntarily answered online questionnaires. Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and multiple mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between work-family conflict, negative affect, perceived stress, and mental health in full-time female employees. We found that women's perceptions of both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict were significant negatively related to mental health. Additionally, the results showed that negative affect and perceived stress were negatively correlated with mental health. The 95% confidence intervals indicated the sequential mediating effect of negative affect and stress in the relationship between work-family conflict and mental health was significant, which supported the hypothesized sequential mediation model. The findings suggest that work-family conflicts affected the level of self-reported mental health, and this relationship functioned through the two sequential mediators of negative affect and perceived stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Da
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xichao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sanmartín R, Vicent M, Gonzálvez C, Inglés CJ, Díaz-Herrero Á, Granados L, García-Fernández JM. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form: Factorial Invariance and Optimistic and Pessimistic Affective Profiles in Spanish Children. Front Psychol 2018; 9:392. [PMID: 29628906 PMCID: PMC5876292 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction in recent years between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) is becoming increasingly important due to their relationship with depression and anxiety. This work is composed of two studies. The first study aimed to validate the brief version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form (PANAS-C-SF) in a Spanish child sample. The second study sought to check the existence of four affective profiles: self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA), low affective (low PA and NA), high affective (high PA and NA), and self-destructive (low PA and high NA) and to relate them to optimism and pessimism. Samples for both studies were composed of 647 and 1,296 Spanish students (between 8 and 11 years), respectively. Through various multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MCA), the invariance of the PANAS-SF and the lack of significant gender differences in the latent means were verified. In addition, cluster analysis confirmed the existence of the appropriate profiles. In this case, the self-fulfilling profile correlated with high scores in optimism and low scores pessimism, whereas the self-destructive profile correlated in the opposite direction. These contributions represent an advance in the study of child affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Cándido J. Inglés
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Díaz-Herrero
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Granados
- Department of Education, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. García-Fernández
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Richardson CM. Emotion regulation in the context of daily stress: Impact on daily affect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Mantelou A, Karakasidou E. The Effectiveness of a Brief Self-Compassion Intervention Program on Self-Compassion, Positive and Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2017.84038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Mizuno M, Sugawara D, Chishima Y. Relationships between self-compassion, self-esteem and well-being: Coping styles as mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4092/jsre.24.3_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daichi Sugawara
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krieger T, Martig DS, van den Brink E, Berger T. Working on self-compassion online: A proof of concept and feasibility study. Internet Interv 2016; 6:64-70. [PMID: 30135815 PMCID: PMC6096262 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low self-compassion has repeatedly been associated with psychopathology. There are many promising face-to-face group format interventions focusing on self-compassion. We investigated the feasibility of an online self-compassion program. DESIGN A feasibility and proof-of-concept study of an online adapted Mindfulness-based Compassionate Living (MBCL) program. PARTICIPANTS Self-referred participants suffering from harsh self-criticism (N = 39) were offered an online program and were asked to complete outcome measures at baseline, after 8 weeks (post-intervention) and after 14 weeks (follow-up). INTERVENTION The online program consisted of seven sessions, including a first session introducing mindfulness and mindfulness meditation followed by a six-session adaptation of the MBCL program. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were the Forms of Self-criticizing/Attacking and Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experience (CHIME), the Fear of Self-compassion (FSC), and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Additionally, we assessed satisfaction with the program and negative effects related to the program. Furthermore, we used several measures of program usage (number of processed modules, number of logins, time spent in the program, number of diary entries, number of entries in completed exercises). RESULTS Self-compassion, mindfulness, reassuring-self and satisfaction with life significantly increased whereas inadequate self, hated self, perceived stress and fear of self-compassion significantly decreased from pre- to the 8-week assessment. Results remained stable from post- to the 6-week follow-up. Pre-to-post within-effect sizes were medium to large (ds = 0.50-1.50) and comparable to those found within a face-to-face group format in a similar sample. Time spent in the program significantly predicted self-compassion at post. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study are promising. However, they must be seen as preliminary since replication in a randomized controlled trial, with clinical measures/diagnoses and a longer follow-up period, is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krieger
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Sander Martig
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Berger
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krieger T, Berger T, Holtforth MG. The relationship of self-compassion and depression: Cross-lagged panel analyses in depressed patients after outpatient therapy. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:39-45. [PMID: 27253215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that self-compassion and depressive symptoms are consistently negatively associated. Although it is often implicitly assumed that (a lack of) self-compassion precedes depressive symptoms, so far no study has tested whether (lack of) self-compassion is a cause or a consequence of depressive symptoms, or both. METHOD To examine such reciprocal effects, we used data of 125 depressed outpatients after a time limited cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. We assessed self-compassion and depressive symptoms via self-report measures and the presence of a major depressive episode directly after therapy, as well as 6 and 12 months later. RESULTS Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that (lack of) self-compassion significantly predicted subsequent depressive symptoms while controlling for autoregressive effects, whereas depressive symptoms did not predict subsequent levels of self-compassion. This was also the case for the relationship between self-compassion and the presence of a major depressive episode. The same patterns also occurred when we separately tested the reciprocal effects for two composite sub-measures of either positive or negative facets of self-compassion. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred from our results. Depressive symptoms and self-compassion could still be causally unrelated, and a third variable could account for their negative association. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notions that (a lack of) self-compassion could serve as a vulnerability factor for depression and that cultivating self-compassion may deserve a focus in depression prevention programs or treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krieger
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Berger
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Bern University Hospital, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|