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Hu N, Zhang W, Haidabieke A, Wang J, Zhou N, Ding X, Zheng H. Associations between Unsociability and Peer Problems in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:590. [PMID: 39062413 PMCID: PMC11274350 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that unsociability, reflected as a personal choice, is not necessarily associated with socio-emotional problems in Western countries. However, the associations between unsociability and peer problems are consistently evident in Chinese culture, yet the strength and direction in these associations are mixed. The present study aimed to examine whether unsociability is associated with peer problems and explored the potential moderators among the associations. A meta-analysis was conducted using publications that measured unsociability and peer problems. A total of 21 articles involving 43 effect sizes from 12,696 Chinese children and adolescents were included. The results revealed that (1) unsociability was positively associated with peer problems (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) among children and adolescents. (2) Informants (i.e., self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, and parent ratings) and living areas (i.e., urban, suburban, and rural areas) significantly moderated the associations between unsociability and peer problems. Specifically, the associations were stronger for peer-nominated unsociability, self-reported peer problems, and samples in suburban areas. These findings shed light on unsociability linked to higher levels of peer problems among Chinese children and adolescents. Still, the influences are unique to peer problems and moderated by both data sources and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (N.H.); (A.H.); (J.W.)
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aersheng Haidabieke
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (N.H.); (A.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiyueyi Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (N.H.); (A.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Xuechen Ding
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (N.H.); (A.H.); (J.W.)
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 200234, China
- The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
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Tang Q, Zou X, Wang S, Zhang L, Liu X, Shi C, Tao Y, Li Y. Longitudinal associations between capacity to be alone, life satisfaction, self-compassion, anxiety, and depression among Chinese college students. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38922771 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the world has entered the post-pandemic period, the mental health and life satisfaction of college students still need to be addressed. However, previous literature has primarily focused on negative variables and has paid little attention to positive variables, such as self-compassion and the capacity to be alone. Therefore, this longitudinal study aims to investigate the relationships between the capacity to be alone, self-compassion, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among college students. This study analyzed data from 1460 Chinese college students who completed an online survey at two time-points one year apart. We employed cross-lagged analysis and constructed longitudinal mediation models to explore the relationships between five variables (i.e., capacity to be alone, self-compassion, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety). Our findings indicate that depression and life satisfaction could negatively predict each other over time. Self-compassion in wave 1 could negatively predict depression and anxiety in wave 2. Higher life satisfaction in wave 1 was associated with a lower capacity to be alone in wave 2. We also found reciprocal positive predictive relationships between depression and anxiety, and life satisfaction and self-compassion. Life satisfaction mediated the relationship between self-compassion and psychopathological variables (i.e., depression and anxiety). Additionally, self-compassion mediated the association between life satisfaction and psychopathological variables and the association between capacity to be alone and psychopathological variables. Our study highlights the significance of early identification and intervention in depression and anxiety. We also discovered the possible self-soothing function of self-compassion as well as the importance of fostering positive personal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zou
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College Students' Mental Health Education Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Shi
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Chen X, Sun X, Wu X, Liu J, Li D, Chen X. Growth of preference for solitude in urban and rural Chinese adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1151534. [PMID: 37484672 PMCID: PMC10358830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1151534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As individuals enter adolescence, their preference for solitude (PFS) increases with age, which may be a result of balancing the need for social affiliation and the need for autonomy and independence. These needs are shaped by the social-cultural contexts, and thus the growth rate of PFS may differ across social-cultural contexts.This study examined to what extent the developmental trajectory of PFS differed between urban and rural Chinese adolescents. Methods Adolescents in urban (n = 326,168 boys, Mage =12.00 years, SD = 0.61) and rural (n = 449, 198 boys, Mage =11.82 years, SD = 0.58) regions in China reported their PFS and shyness each year from Grade 6 to Grade 8. Longitudinal measurement invariance of PFS was established between the urban and rural samples. Location and gender differences in the intercept and the slope of PFS were examined using a latent growth model, while controlling for shyness at each time point. Results The analyses revealed that adolescents in both urban and rural regions showed an increasing trajectory of PFS. Although urban and rural adolescents did not differ in the initial level of PFS at Grade 6, urban adolescents' PFS increased faster than that of the rural adolescents. The urban-rural difference in the slope of PFS remained significant after controlling for the associations between the intercept and the slope of PFS and shyness at each time point. In addition, in the rural region, boys showed a faster increase of PFS than girls, yet gender differences in the initial level of PFS and the developmental trajectory in the urban region were nonsignificant. Discussion The findings reveal a normative increasing trend of PFS during early adolescence and faster increase for urban than rural adolescents. To promote adolescents' psychological well-being, parents, teachers and practitioners need to help adolescents establish a good balance between social interaction and solitude. When deciding what is a good balance, it is important to consider the social-cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Sun
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyin Chen
- Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Zhou T, Liao L, Nguyen TVT, Li D, Liu J. Solitude profiles and psychological adjustment in Chinese late adolescence: a person-centered research. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1173441. [PMID: 37484662 PMCID: PMC10358355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1173441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives From the perspective of person-centered research, the present study aimed to identify the potential profiles of solitude among late adolescents based on their solitary behavior, motivation, attitude, and time alone. In addition, to echo the paradox of solitude, we further explored the links between solitude profiles and adjustment outcomes. Methods The participants of the study were 355 late adolescents (56.34% female, M age = 19.71 years old) at three universities in Shanghai, China. Measures of solitary behavior, autonomous motivation for solitude, attitude toward being alone, and time spent alone were collected using adolescents' self-report assessments. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Basic Psychological Needs Scales were measured as indices of adjustment. Results Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct groups: absence of the aloneness group (21.13%), the positive motivational solitude group (29.01%), the negative motivational solitude group (38.03%), and the activity-oriented solitude group (11.83%). Differences emerged among these four groups in terms of loneliness, depressive symptoms, and basic needs satisfaction, with adolescents in the negative motivational solitude group facing the most risk of psychological maladjustment. Conclusion Findings revealed the possible heterogeneous nature of solitude among Chinese late adolescents and provided a theoretical basis for further understanding of adolescents' solitary state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longyue Liao
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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Tam NWY, Kwok SYCL, Gu M. Individual, Peer, and Family Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among College Students in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4304. [PMID: 36901313 PMCID: PMC10001517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ecological model and developmental psychopathology theory focusing on an ontogenic system (hopelessness) and microsystems (peer alienation and childhood abuse and trauma) was adopted to examine the individual, peer, and family correlates of depressive symptoms among college Chinese students in Hong Kong, China. A cross-sectional survey research design with a convenience sampling procedure was used to examine a sample of college students (n = 786) aged 18 to 21 years old in Hong Kong. Among them, 352 respondents (44.8%) reported having depressive symptoms, with a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score of 14 or above. The results of this study indicated that childhood abuse and trauma, peer alienation, and hopelessness were positively related to depressive symptoms. The underlying arguments and implications were discussed. The study results provided further support for the ecological model and the developmental psychopathology theory on the predictive roles of individual, peer, and family correlates of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson W. Y. Tam
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 518057, China
| | - Sylvia Y. C. L. Kwok
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 518057, China
| | - Minmin Gu
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China
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Chen Y, Liu X. Social Withdrawal in Adolescence: Developmental and Humanistic Perspectives. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678231155514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In both the West and East, social withdrawal, manifested as solitude and shyness, has distinct developmental implications for adolescent mental health. Representative countries in the West (e.g., North America and Europe) and East (e.g., China) were selected to compare cultural differences. This literature review aims to discuss how adolescents experience solitude and shyness differently in North America, Europe, and China from a developmental perspective, and adopts a cross-cultural perspective to explain the distinct outcomes of adolescent social withdrawal. Furthermore, humanistic perspectives are discussed to link adolescent development and humanism in terms of previous empirical evidence and counseling practices. In North America and Europe, solitude has both adaptive and harmful effects on adolescents’ mental health. However, solitude in China and shyness in both cultural settings tend to adversely affect adolescent mental health. These findings from previous studies correspond to developmental perspectives in terms of mental health, personal adaptation, and self-development during adolescence. The strengths, weaknesses, and implications of this literature review are also discussed.
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Hu N, Xu G, Chen X, Yuan M, Liu J, Coplan RJ, Li D, Chen X. A Parallel Latent Growth Model of Affinity for Solitude and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:904-914. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen WY, Yan L, Yuan YR, Zhu XW, Zhang YH, Lian SL. Preference for Solitude and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress and Moderating Role of Mindfulness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:750511. [PMID: 34975641 PMCID: PMC8718924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the increasing incidence of mobile phone addiction, the potential risk factors of mobile phone addiction have attracted more and more researchers' attention. Although various personality trait factors have been proven to be significant predictors of mobile phone addiction, limited attention has been paid to preference for solitude. Considering the adverse impacts of preference for solitude in the context of collectivistic societies and its possible negative effect on mobile phone addiction, this study was designed to examine the relationship between preference for solitude and mobile phone addiction, and to test the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of mindfulness in this relationship. Methods: Data were collected through convenience sampling from a comprehensive university in China. A total of 927 Chinese college students (371 males and 556 females), aged from 16 to 24 (M age = 19.89 years, SD = 1.22), participated in this study. Their preference for solitude, psychological distress, mindfulness, and mobile phone addiction were measured using well-validated self-report questionnaires. Results: Correlational analyses, sobel test, SPSS macro PROCESS (Model 8) and simple slopes analyses were used for major data analysis. Results showed that preference for solitude was significantly and positively associated with mobile phone addiction, and this link could be mediated by psychological distress. Moreover, the indirect effect of psychological distress in this link was moderated by mindfulness, with this effect being stronger for college students with lower levels of mindfulness. However, mindfulness can not moderate the direct relation between preference for solitude and mobile phone addiction. Conclusion: The present study broadened our knowledge of how and when (or for whom) preference for solitude is related to mobile phone addiction. Education professionals and parents should pay special attention to the psychological distress and mobile phone addiction of college students with high levels of preference for solitude, particularly for those with lower levels of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuai-Lei Lian
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Koszałka-Silska A, Korcz A, Wiza A. The Impact of Physical Education Based on the Adventure Education Programme on Self-Esteem and Social Competences of Adolescent Boys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063021. [PMID: 33804140 PMCID: PMC8000378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of physical education based on the adventure education programme on the social competences of adolescent boys. The participants (n = 70) were 1st grade high school students between 15 and 16 years old. Adolescents' social competences were measured using the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Social Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) before and after the intervention. An experimental repeated-measures design was used, with a comparison group. ANOVA (2 × 2) for interaction group x time showed statistical significance in competences revealed in situations of social exposure (F1, 68 = 5.16, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.07) and competences revealed in situations requiring assertiveness (F1, 68 = 4.73, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.07). Using the adventure education (AE) programme may be recommended as a way of developing social skill competences revealed in situations of social exposure and competences revealed in situations requiring the assertiveness of adolescents through physical activity that can be easily integrated into the school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koszałka-Silska
- Department of Pedagogy, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Korcz
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agata Wiza
- Department of Pedagogy, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
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Lee JS, Kang JY, Son CG. A Comparison of Isolation Stress and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress for the Establishment of Mouse Models of Depressive Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:616389. [PMID: 33488368 PMCID: PMC7817641 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.616389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to help to understand the influence of stress on depression, which reflects the social environments of especially solitary life and the increasing prevalence of depressive disorders. To determine the distinguishable features of two-representative animal models of stress-induced depressive disorder, we compared isolation stress (IS) and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). After 4-week of stress, both models showed significant depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in an open field test (OFT; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.01 for UCMS), forced swimming test (FST; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.01 for UCMS), and tail suspension test (TST; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.05 for UCMS) along with alterations in serum corticosterone levels, serotonin activity in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) and microglial activity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (p < 0.05 for both parameters). In a comparison of the two stress models, IS strongly induced depressive and anxiety features, as indicated by all parameters: behavior test scores (p < 0.05 for OFT, FST, and TST), serum corticosterone levels (p < 0.05), immunohistological alterations for serotonin activity (p < 0.05) and microglial activity (p = 0.072). Our results indicate the suitability of IS for the development of animal models of depressive disorders and may reveal the medical impact of social isolation environment in modern society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Yang SY, Fu SH, Wang PY, Lin YL, Lin PH. Are the Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, and Interpersonal Interaction of Junior College Students Related to the Solitude Capacity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8274. [PMID: 33182478 PMCID: PMC7665143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies on the solitude capacity of university students have been extremely limited and failed to clearly illustrate the correlation of solitude capacity with internal psychological variables and the favorability of interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of college students' solitude capacity with scores for self-esteem, self-efficacy, and interpersonal relationships. Method: A cross-sectional study was adopted for this study. Data were collected from a university in southern Taiwan using a structured questionnaire, the content of which included demographic data and scores from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), and the Solitude Capacity Scale (SCS). Results: The final sample comprised 562 participants (mean age = 17.51 ± 1.27 years). Adjustment of the demographic variables yielded a significantly positive correlation in the total RSE and SCS (p < 0.01) scores and that in the total GSE and SCS (p < 0.01) scores. Moreover, the relationship with family (IRS subscale) and total SCS score (p < 0.05) exhibited a significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that solitude capacity is significantly correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and the favorability of family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hau Fu
- Department of Acupressure Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Lien Lin
- Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Pin-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
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Is It Weird to Enjoy Solitude? Relationship of Solitude Capacity with Personality Traits and Physical and Mental Health in Junior College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145060. [PMID: 32674365 PMCID: PMC7399970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Teenagers described as enjoying their own company have been claimed to have a weird personality and experience loneliness and negative emotions and have often been labeled with negative attributes. However, previous studies have provided a limited understanding of teenagers’ capacity for solitude. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between teenagers’ capacity for solitude and both personality traits and physical and mental health. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design and collected data from a junior college located in Taiwan using a structured questionnaire, which consisted of demographic questions, a solitude capacity scale, a personality trait scale, and a physical and mental health scale. Results: A total of 562 participants were recruited (age = 17.56 ± 1.58 years). The total score of the solitude capacity scale was significantly correlated with four elements of the personality traits subscale: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. The solitude capacity subscale (i.e., the solitude-coping subscale) showed significant correlations with two of the physical and mental health elements, i.e., anxiety and insomnia and severe depression. Conclusions: The results verified the correlations between capacity for solitude and personality traits and did not show a positive association with negative personality traits (i.e., neuroticism). Moreover, the solitude coping capacity correlated positively with anxiety levels and negatively with depression.
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Bullock A, Xiao B, Xu G, Liu J, Coplan R, Chen X. Unsociability, peer relations, and psychological maladjustment among children: A moderated‐mediated model. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bullock
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Bowen Xiao
- Department of Psychology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Gangmin Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Robert Coplan
- Department of Psychology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Xinyin Chen
- Graduate School of Education University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
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Zhang L, Eggum-Wilkens ND. Unsociability in Chinese adolescents: Cross-informant agreement and relations with social and school adjustment. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Endo K, Ando S, Shimodera S, Yamasaki S, Usami S, Okazaki Y, Sasaki T, Richards M, Hatch S, Nishida A. Preference for Solitude, Social Isolation, Suicidal Ideation, and Self-Harm in Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:187-191. [PMID: 28457686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social isolation is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH) among adolescents. However, the association between preference for solitude (PfS), SI, and SH is unknown. The prevalence of adolescents who have both of PfS and social isolation and the risks for SI and SH among them are also unknown. METHODS Information on PfS, social isolation, SI, and SH was collected in a large-scale school-based survey on adolescents, using a self-report questionnaire. Associations between PfS, SI, and SH were examined by logistic regression analysis. The interactions between PfS and social isolation on SI and SH were also investigated. The odds of SI and SH were examined for groups defined by presence of PfS and social isolation. RESULTS Responses from 17,437 students (89.3% of relevant classes) were available. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and social isolation, PfS was associated with increased odds of SI (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1) and SH (OR = 1.9). There was no interaction between PfS and social isolation on SI and SH. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, the odds for SI (OR = 8.6) and SH (OR = 3.8) were highest among adolescents with both PfS and social isolation (8.4% of all respondents). CONCLUSIONS PfS was associated with increased odds of SI and SH in adolescents. No interaction effect between PfS and social isolation on SI and SH was found, but adolescents with PfS and social isolation had the highest risk for SI and SH. Parents and professionals should pay attention to suicide risk in adolescents with PfS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Endo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Kouseikai Michinoo Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Aging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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