1
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Adamczyk AK, Koch SBJ, Wyczesany M, Roelofs K, van Peer JM. Emotion regulation flexibility: EEG/EMG predictors and consequences of switching between reappraisal and distraction strategies. Psychophysiology 2024:e14646. [PMID: 38963073 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Flexible use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies is central to mental health. To advance our understanding of what drives adaptive strategy-switching decisions, in this preregistered study, we used event-related potentials (late positive potential, LPP and stimulus preceding negativity, SPN) and facial electromyography (EMG corrugator activity) to test the antecedents and consequences of switching to an alternative ER strategy. Participants (N = 63, Mage = 24.8 years, all female) passively watched and then implemented an instructed ER strategy (reappraisal or distraction) in response to high-intensity negative pictures that were either easy or difficult to reinterpret (high or low reappraisal affordance, respectively). Next, they decided to "switch from" or "maintain" the instructed strategy and subsequently implemented the chosen strategy. Reappraisal affordance manipulations successfully induced switching. Regarding antecedents, switching was predicted by the reduced ER efficacy of the current strategy (corrugator, but not LPP). Switching to distraction was additionally predicted by increased responses to the stimulus during passive viewing (corrugator and LPP) and increased anticipatory effort in implementing reappraisal (SPN). Concerning consequences, switching to distraction improved, whereas switching to reappraisal impaired post-choice ER effects (LPP). However, starting with reappraisal was overall more effective than starting with distraction, irrespective of the subsequent decision (corrugator). Our results suggest that switching between ER strategies occurs in accordance with situational demands (stimulus affordances) and is predicted by reduced peripheral physiological ER efficacy. However, only switching to distraction leads to improved regulatory effects. These insights provide neurocognitively grounded starting points for developing interventions targeting ER flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Adamczyk
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia B J Koch
- Affective Neuroscience, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Affective Neuroscience, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien M van Peer
- Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Calderon Leon MD, Guassi Moreira JF, Saragosa-Harris NM, Waizman YH, Sedykin A, Peris TS, Silvers JA. Parent and Friend Relationship Quality and Links to Trajectories of Loneliness During the First Year of College. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:680-694. [PMID: 36152130 PMCID: PMC9510327 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Beginning college involves changes that can increase one's vulnerability to loneliness and associated negative outcomes. Parent and friend relationships are potential protective factors against loneliness given their positive association with adjustment. The present longitudinal study, with data collection at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months later, assessed the comparative effects of self-reported parent and friend relationship quality on loneliness in first-year college students (N = 101; 80 female, Mage = 18.36). At baseline, parent and friend relationship quality were negatively associated with loneliness. Longitudinal data revealed that friend relationship quality interacted with time, such that its effects on loneliness attenuated over the course of 2 months. By contrast, parent relationship quality continued to predict lower loneliness 2 months post-baseline. These results highlight the importance of close relationships and suggest that targeting relationship quality could be effective in helping youth transition to college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Calderon Leon
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - João F Guassi Moreira
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | | | - Yael H Waizman
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Anna Sedykin
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Tara S Peris
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
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3
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Turner MJ, Boatwright D, Evans AL, Garip G, Chandler C, Chadha NJ, Wood AG. University makes me angry: Investigating stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) emotion beliefs in undergraduate students. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294777. [PMID: 38354205 PMCID: PMC10866505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal is well-studied, but less so are the predispositional and superordinate beliefs that influence reappraisal. Recently, researchers developed the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQ), which measures two emotion beliefs, namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. In working populations S-R generation beliefs are inversely related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies and positive mental health, and positively related to emotion reactivity. C-M change beliefs are positively related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies, and inversely related to emotion reactivity and positive mental health. As yet, there is no evidence for the validity of the CMBQ within student samples, or for the associations between its subscales and cognitive reappraisal, emotion reactivity, and positive mental health. Therefore, in the present study the CMBQ is tested for factorial, convergent (associations with cognitive reappraisal), and concurrent (associations with emotion reactivity and positive mental health) validity in a cohort of 621 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Results indicate support for the factorial and convergent validity of the CMBQ, with mixed evidence for the concurrent validity of the CMBQ. A CM-SR discrepancy score appeared to provide a promising variable when associated with emotion reactivity and positive mental health. The findings are discussed in terms of practical and research implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Boatwright
- Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Evans
- School of Health and Society, The University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gulcan Garip
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Chandler
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nanaki J. Chadha
- Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Wood
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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4
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Meneghini AM, Colledani D, Morandini S, De France K, Hollenstein T. Emotional Engagement and Caring Relationships: The Assessment of Emotion Regulation Repertoires of Nurses. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:212-234. [PMID: 35751169 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the importance of emotion regulation for nurses' well-being, little is known about which strategies nurses habitually use, how these strategies combine in order to regulate their emotional distress, and how these are related to their caregiving orientations. The current study aimed to explore the emotion regulation repertoires that characterize health-care providers and to investigate the association between these repertoires and caregiving orientations in a sample of nurses. Firstly, a confirmatory factor analyses was run to test the suitability of the Regulation of Emotion System Survey for the assessment of six emotion regulation strategies among health-care providers. Subsequently, the latent profiles analysis was employed to explore emotion regulation repertoires. Three repertoires emerged: The Average, the Suppression Propensity and the Engagement Propensity profiles. The participants of the last two groups relied on Expressive Suppression and Engagement, respectively, more often than others. Nurses were more likely to be placed within the Engagement Propensity group when compared to the first responders, and higher levels of hyperactivation of the Caregiving System were associated with this repertoire. A greater reliance on Expressive Engagement among nurses was discussed in terms of the fact that nurses usually have a longer and more care-oriented relationships with patients than first responders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiana Colledani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Morandini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kalee De France
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tom Hollenstein
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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5
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Olderbak S, Uusberg A, MacCann C, Pollak KM, Gross JJ. The Process Model of Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Assessing Individual Differences in Strategy Stage and Orientation. Assessment 2023; 30:2090-2114. [PMID: 36495015 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221134601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of individual differences in emotion regulation has typically focused exclusively either on the stage of the emotion generation process at which regulation occurs or on the engagement versus disengagement orientation of the regulation efforts. We introduce a new measure that samples equally across each stage of the process model of emotion regulation and from both engagement and disengagement orientations. Through five studies (ntotal = 2,543), we present the development and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity evidence for the Process Model of Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (PMERQ). We show the final 10-scale 45-item questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency, is invariant between genders and across the age range, and has sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. The PMERQ also predicts affective and relationship functioning with strategies occurring earlier in the process model generally showing the strongest effects. We propose the PMERQ is a valuable measure to assess individual differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Olderbak
- Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | | | - Katja M Pollak
- University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Akkuş K. Fear of Positive Evaluation and Loneliness: Mediating Role of Social Anxiety and Suppression. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231197154. [PMID: 37612839 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231197154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is a commonly observed problem that is associated with several mental and physical health outcomes. Although research shows that fear of negative evaluation is related to loneliness, no study has examined the role of fear of positive evaluation (FPE) on loneliness. This study investigated the mediator role of social anxiety and suppression in the relationship between FPE and loneliness using an undergraduate sample (N = 467). The results show that FPE is positively associated with loneliness and that this relationship is mediated by social anxiety and suppression. This study highlights the importance of the FPE in understanding loneliness and can guide intervention programs for loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Akkuş
- Department of Psychology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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7
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Schell V, De France K, Lin L, Hollenstein T. The role of avoidance in understanding emotional dysfunction associated with a fixed emotion mindset. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Caballero C, Nook EC, Gee DG. Managing fear and anxiety in development: A framework for understanding the neurodevelopment of emotion regulation capacity and tendency. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:105002. [PMID: 36529313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
How we manage emotional responses to environmental threats is central to mental health, as difficulties regulating threat-related distress can blossom into symptoms of anxiety disorders. Given that anxiety disorders emerge early in the lifespan, it is crucial we understand the multi-level processes that support effective regulation of distress. Scholars have given increased attention to behavioral and neural development of emotion regulation abilities, particularly cognitive reappraisal capacity (i.e., how strongly one can down-regulate negative affect by reinterpreting a situation to change one's emotions). However, this work has not been well integrated with research on regulatory tendency (i.e., how often one spontaneously regulates emotion in daily life). Here, we review research on the development of both emotion regulation capacity and tendency. We then propose a framework for testing hypotheses and eventually constructing a neurodevelopmental model of both dimensions of emotion regulation. Clarifying how the brain supports both effective and frequent regulation of threat-related distress across development is crucial to identifying multi-level signs of dysregulation and developing interventions that support youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Kirtland Hall, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erik C Nook
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Kirtland Hall, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Kirtland Hall, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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9
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Tan Y, Wang X, Blain SD, Jia L, Qiu J. Interoceptive attention facilitates emotion regulation strategy use. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100336. [PMID: 36199366 PMCID: PMC9512845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Method Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Tan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
- Corresponding author at: School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Scott D. Blain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, United States
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University
- Corresponding author at: Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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10
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Tan NP, Bastian BB, Smillie LD. Evaluating the effectiveness of vegetarian appeals in daily life: Comparing positive and negative imagery, and gauging differential responses. Appetite 2023; 180:106358. [PMID: 36349592 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persuasive appeals designed to reduce meat consumption often employ graphic images of the harms perpetuated by eating meat (e.g., cruel factory farming practices). However, because people are motivated to see themselves as moral, appeals that highlight omnivores' moral failings might be resisted or even backfire. Furthermore, individuals differ in ways that may influence their motivations and attitudes toward animals and meat-eating, and their responses to these appeals. Thus, in a two-week intervention study (N = 427), we compared effects of two vegetarian appeals-one employing graphic negative imagery (footage of factory farming cruelty), the other employing positive imagery (footage from farmed animal sanctuaries)-on daily meat consumption and related affects and cognitions. We also examined several personality traits and other individual differences that may confer differential effects of these appeals. Although neither appeal significantly reduced meat consumption, both the positive and negative appeal increased intentions to eat less meat, and led to more negative affect and cognition when eating meat. Moreover, several individual difference variables moderated the effects of these appeals on actual and intended meat consumption. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulty of changing morally troublesome behaviour, and the use of graphic appeals despite their unclear impact on behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Tan
- The University of Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Australia
| | - Brock B Bastian
- The University of Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Australia
| | - Luke D Smillie
- The University of Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Australia.
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Song X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Du F. Development and psychometrics of a new Emotion-focused Regulation Questionnaire in Chinese. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Pauw LS, Medland H, Paling SJ, Moeck EK, Greenaway KH, Kalokerinos EK, Hinton JDX, Hollenstein T, Koval P. Social Support Predicts Differential Use, but not Differential Effectiveness, of Expressive Suppression and Social Sharing in Daily Life. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:641-652. [PMID: 36381495 PMCID: PMC9537407 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While emotion regulation often happens in the presence of others, little is known about how social context shapes regulatory efforts and outcomes. One key element of the social context is social support. In two experience sampling studies (Ns = 179 and 123), we examined how the use and affective consequences of two fundamentally social emotion-regulation strategies-social sharing and expressive suppression-vary as a function of perceived social support. Across both studies, we found evidence that social support was associated with variation in people's use of these strategies, such that when people perceived their environments as being higher (vs. lower) in social support, they engaged in more sharing and less suppression. However, we found only limited and inconsistent support for context-dependent affective outcomes of suppression and sharing: suppression was associated with better affective consequences in the context of higher perceived social support in Study 1, but this effect did not replicate in Study 2. Taken together, these findings suggest that the use of social emotion-regulation strategies may depend on contextual variability in social support, whereas their effectiveness does not. Future research is needed to better understand the circumstances in which context-dependent use of emotion regulation may have emotional benefits, accounting for personal, situational, and cultural factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00123-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne S. Pauw
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hayley Medland
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Paling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ella K. Moeck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katharine H. Greenaway
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elise K. Kalokerinos
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jordan D. X. Hinton
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Tom Hollenstein
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Construction and evidence of validity regarding the emotion self-regulation questionnaire. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Turner MJ, Chadha NJ, Wood AG. Knowing your ABCs: Extending the assessment of stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) beliefs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269928. [PMID: 35700206 PMCID: PMC9199960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have proposed four superordinate emotion beliefs that
supposedly influence emotion regulation and emotion reactivity. Two of these
proposed emotion beliefs are captured in the cognitive mediation beliefs
questionnaire (CMBQa), namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and
cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. The remaining two proposed emotion
beliefs, C-M generation beliefs and S-R change beliefs, are yet to be
operationalised in psychometric form. It is important to validate measurement
for all four emotion beliefs in order for them to be used in research and
practice. The current paper reports the development and initial validity testing
of the CMBQb (studies 1–3), which concerns only C-M generation beliefs and S-R
change beliefs, and then tests the four-factor structure of the combined CMBQa
(S-R generation, C-M change) and CMBQb (C-M generation, S-R change): the CMBQc
(study 4). Some support was found for the four-factor structure of the CMBQc,
with factor analyses revealing good fit to the data with a four-factor solution.
Also, scores indicating greater C-M generation and change beliefs, and lower S-R
generation and change beliefs, were related to more adaptive, and less
maladaptive, emotion regulation tendencies. In addition, there was some evidence
that greater C-M change beliefs, and lower S-R generation and change belief,
were related to better affective and emotion reactivity outcomes. Implications
of the CMBQc for research and practice are discussed within the context and
emotion regulation science, and cognitive behavioural psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Heath, Psychology, and
Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United
Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nanaki J. Chadha
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Heath, Psychology, and
Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Wood
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Heath, Psychology, and
Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United
Kingdom
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15
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Deplancke C, Somerville MP, Harrison A, Vuillier L. It’s all about beliefs: Believing emotions are uncontrollable is linked to symptoms of anxiety and depression through cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the link between personal beliefs about emotion controllability and symptoms of anxiety and depression, with a particular focus on the mediating role of emotion regulation. To date, there has been little research examining the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression in the link between beliefs about emotion controllability and symptoms of anxiety. Online questionnaires measuring emotion regulation, beliefs about emotion controllability, and depression and anxiety, were completed by 1227 participants (n = 336 males; Mage = 25.3, SD = 10.1; range = 16 to 83 years). The results indicated that perceived control over one’s own emotions predicted better psychological health (fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression). This link between beliefs about emotion controllability and psychological heath was partially mediated by cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, with cognitive reappraisal predicting a reduction in clinical symptoms and expressive suppression predicting an increase in clinical symptoms. These findings suggest that individuals’ beliefs about emotion controllability, leads to the use of certain emotion regulation strategies which in turn, have important consequences for psychological health.
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De France K, Hollenstein T. Emotion Regulation Strategy Use and Success During Adolescence: Assessing the Role of Context. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:720-736. [PMID: 34459061 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the role of situational factors in emotion regulation (ER) strategy choice and perceived ER success within a sample of adolescents (n = 178, Mage = 13.93, 42.2% female). Experience-sampling results showed that emotion type and intensity, but not situational control, were associated with strategy use. Instances of anxiety and situational control were associated with higher levels of ER success, while intensity was associated with lower levels of ER success. Finally, situational factors moderated the reappraisal-success and engagement-success associations. These results provide the first assessment of multiple contextual factors on strategy selection and regulatory success during naturalistic emotional evocations and suggest that context is influential for strategy selection, regulatory success, as well as associations between these two highly researched elements of ER.
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17
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Impact of the global pandemic upon young People's use of technology for emotion regulation. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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18
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De France K, Hicks O, Hollenstein T. Understanding the association between reappraisal use and depressive symptoms during adolescence: the moderating influence of regulatory success. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:758-766. [PMID: 35232330 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2043245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of reliance on cognitive reappraisal to manage daily emotional events are commonly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. However, reappraisal is a cognitively demanding regulation strategy, and its efficacy may depend on how successfully an individual is able to employ it. Individual differences in the association between reappraisal use and depressive symptoms may be particularly evident during adolescence, when the cognitive skills required to implement this complex strategy are still in development. The current study sought to determine whether the association between reappraisal use and subsequent depressive symptom development is contingent on perceived regulatory success when using reappraisal. At Wave 1, adolescents (n = 178, mean age = 13.92, 49.7% female) used an experience-sampling smartphone app to report on their reappraisal use and perceptions of regulatory success over the course of two weeks. Six, 12, and 18 months later, adolescents completed a self-report measure of their depressive symptoms. Results showed that a) reappraisal use was associated with both subsequent depressive symptoms and trajectories of depressive symptoms over time, b) these associations were moderated by perceptions of regulatory success. Higher levels of reappraisal use were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms only for those who reported higher than average between-subject regulatory success when reappraisal was enacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee De France
- Center for Child Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Owen Hicks
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Tom Hollenstein
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Xiong Z, Weng X, Wei Y. Research on the Influence of Visual Factors on Emotion Regulation Interaction. Front Psychol 2022; 12:772642. [PMID: 35069353 PMCID: PMC8770853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To guide the design direction of emotion regulation products that improve the positive emotions of users, investigation into the correlation between relevant visual factors and multi-dimensional complex emotions is needed. In the present study, an extended product emotion measurement method was adopted to describe the multi-dimensional emotional set of each influencing factor and calculate their weight according to the order. The positive and negative emotion indicators of all influencing factors were compared and the evaluation and ranking factors that affect users’ emotional value of emotion regulation products were analyzed. The experimental results reveal that specific emotion mapping scenes on positive emotion are the most significant among the key factors affecting user emotion. Further, the influence of emotional stickers, interactive data visualization, and text on positive emotions decreased in turn. The influence of emotional text on positive emotion was the lowest. Through investigating the visual factors that affect the psychological emotions of users, the development of emotion regulating products could be guided in a more scientific and reasonable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xiong
- School of Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- School of Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Dajia Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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de Carvalho Braule Pinto AL, R Pasian S, F Malloy-Diniz L. Identifying and validating emotion regulation latent profiles and their relationship with affective variables. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:249-265. [PMID: 34252980 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated and validated the presence of emotion regulation profiles in an adult sample. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, 1165 individuals completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Following Affective States Test (FAST). Sample was divided into three to establish and validate emotion regulation profiles using a latent profile analysis. RESULTS Sample 1 (n = 375) showed three different profiles: dysregulated, adapted, and unaware regulator. Sample 2 (n = 390) shows a consistent pattern with the same number of profiles that remained stable over time. In Sample 3 (n = 400), we validate and find that cognitive reappraisal and lack of awareness were essential to differentiating profiles. CONCLUSIONS Three emotional regulation profiles differ due to the levels of positive/negative affect and the propensity to avoid/follow emotions, increasing the understanding of how different regulatory strategies interact and explain different outcomes with mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L de Carvalho Braule Pinto
- Psychodiagnostic Research Center, Graduate Program in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia R Pasian
- Psychodiagnostic Research Center, Graduate Program in Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Malloy-Diniz
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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21
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Saifer A, Dacin MT. Data and Organization Studies: Aesthetics, emotions, discourse and our everyday encounters with data. ORGANIZATION STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01708406211006250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing “data imperative” and “fetishization of data” across organizational contexts, critical scholars have adhered to a set of normative understandings for how people experience and engage with data and datafication in and around organizations: namely, as numbers and statistics that are “captured”, interpreted, and operationalized. In reality, however, data and datafication are experienced within organizational life in a multiplicity of ways that often have very little to do with numbers and statistics. In this essay, we shift our attention to these less overt and less examined ways in which data and datafication shape organizational life—specifically, the aesthetic, emotional, and discursive aspects of our everyday encounters with it. By attending to the multiple, complex, and nuanced entanglements of data and organization, organizational scholars will be better equipped to navigate the increasingly fraught terrain between technocratic data worship and anti-science politics that characterize the current political moment. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a more politicized, historicized, and democratized data studies that can support movements for social, economic, and ecological justice.
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Daros AR, Ruocco AC. Which Emotion Regulation Strategies are Most Associated with Trait Emotion Dysregulation? A Transdiagnostic Examination. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Thomsen T, Lessing N. Children's emotion regulation repertoire and problem behavior: A latent cross-lagged panel study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Park CL, Williams MK, Hernandez PR, Agocha VB, Lee SY, Carney LM, Loomis D. Development of emotion regulation across the first two years of college. J Adolesc 2020; 84:230-242. [PMID: 33011579 PMCID: PMC7588228 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation is thought to develop substantially from late adolescence into early adulthood; further, the rate of development purportedly varies based on personal and contextual characteristics. However, little research has explicitly documented this maturation in young adulthood or identified its determinants. We aimed to (1) characterize how adaptive (positive reappraisal, emotional social support-seeking) and maladaptive (suppression, substance use coping) emotion regulation strategies changed over time and (2) predict change in each strategy based on baseline personal, social, and motivational characteristics. METHODS We followed a sample of 1578 students entering university in the northeastern United States across their first two years, assessing them four times. RESULTS As expected, social support-seeking increased and suppression decreased. However, contrary to expectations, cognitive reappraisal declined over time while substance use coping increased. Women generally used more adaptive emotion regulation strategies than did men; social engagement and connection and eudaimonic well-being were generally predictive of using more adaptive coping over time. CONCLUSIONS Overall, students did not consistently demonstrate maturation to more adaptive emotion regulation and in fact exhibited decrements over the first two years of college. Students' baseline characteristics accounted for substantial degrees of change in emotion regulation. These findings suggest potentially fruitful directions for interventions to assist college students in developing more adaptive emotion regulation skills.
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De France K, Hollenstein T. Implicit theories of emotion and mental health during adolescence: the mediating role of emotion regulation. Cogn Emot 2020; 35:367-374. [PMID: 32893732 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1817727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of the influence of implicit theories of emotion (ITE) on mental health symptoms among adult samples, scant attention has been paid to this important relation during adolescence. Moreover, it remains unclear which proximal processes may help to explain the link between ITE and mental health. As such, the current study had two objectives: (1) to assess the association of ITE and later anxiety and depressive symptoms within an adolescent sample, and (2) evaluate the mediating role of real-world emotion regulation strategies on the association between ITE and mental health. A sample of 13-15-year-old adolescents (n = 183, mean age = 13.9, SD = 0.91, 50% female) completed a measure of ITE (Time 1), and subsequently reported on their emotion regulation strategy use via an ESM smart-phone app for two weeks (Time 2). Youth then reported on their anxiety and depressive symptoms six months later (Time 3). Mediational analyses revealed that the proportion to which adolescents used reappraisal and suppression mediated the association between ITE and depressive symptoms: higher levels of incremental theories of emotion were associated with more reappraisal, and less suppression, use, which in turn predicted fewer depressive symptoms six months later. None of the strategies measured, however, mediated the association between ITE and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee De France
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Neural patterns during anticipation predict emotion regulation success for reappraisal. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:888-900. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mother and father repertoires of emotion socialization practices in middle childhood. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Medland H, De France K, Hollenstein T, Mussoff D, Koval P. Regulating Emotion Systems in Everyday Life. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Researchers are increasingly using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate how people regulate their emotions from moment-to-moment in daily life. However, existing self-report measures of emotion regulation have been designed and validated to assess habitual/trait use of emotion regulation strategies and may therefore not be suited to assessing momentary emotion regulation. The present study aimed to develop a brief, yet reliable, EMA measure of emotion regulation in daily life by adapting the Regulation of Emotion Systems Survey (RESS; DeFrance & Hollenstein, 2017 ), a recently developed global self-report questionnaire assessing habitual use of six emotion regulation strategies. We created an EMA version of the RESS by selecting 12 items from the original scale and adapting them for EMA. We investigated the psychometric properties of the new RESS-EMA scale by administering it eight times daily for 7 days via smartphones to a sample of undergraduates ( n = 112). Results of multilevel modeling analyses supported the within- and between-person reliability and validity of the RESS-EMA scale and suggest that it is a viable way to comprehensively assess momentary emotion regulation strategy use in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Medland
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kalee De France
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tom Hollenstein
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Mussoff
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Eldesouky L, Gross JJ. Emotion regulation goals: An individual difference perspective. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gay MC, Baker R, Vrignaud P, Thomas P, Heinzlef O, Haag P, Banovic I, Thomas S. Cross-cultural validation of a French version of the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS-25). EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Emotion Experience and Expressive Suppression Scale: Psychometric properties and relationships with depression and schizotypy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chesney SA, Timmer-Murillo SC, Gordon NS. Establishment and replication of emotion regulation profiles: implications for psychological health. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2019; 32:329-345. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1573990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nakia S. Gordon
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Preece DA, Becerra R, Robinson K, Dandy J, Allan A. Measuring emotion regulation ability across negative and positive emotions: The Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory (PERCI). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dryman MT, Heimberg RG. Emotion regulation in social anxiety and depression: a systematic review of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 65:17-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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De France K, Lennarz H, Kindt K, Hollenstein T. Emotion regulation during adolescence: Antecedent or outcome of depressive symptomology? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025418806584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Consistently, moderate to strong correlations between emotion regulation and depressive symptomology are well documented. This relationship is most often conceptualized as unidirectional, in that poor emotion regulation acts as a pre-existing risk factor for depressive symptomatology. However, explicit examinations of the direction of this relationship have been limited, and support for a directional relation between emotion regulation and psychopathology has been inconsistent. Moreover, the majority of the research exploring these associations relies on adult participants and the studies that have examined emotion regulation and depression in adolescents have relied almost exclusively on cross-sectional data. As a replication and extension of work that has been done by others, the current study assessed Suppression and Reappraisal use and Depressive Symptoms in 1343 adolescents (Mean age = 12.9 years, SD = 0.85) who completed assessments of emotion regulation and depressive symptoms four times over two years. Results indicated that only Suppression but not Reappraisal was concurrently correlated with Depressive Symptoms. Moreover, a correlated slopes analysis showed that within-subject changes in use of Suppression, but not Reappraisal, were associated with within-subject changes in Depressive Symptoms over time. Finally, a cross-lag panel analysis showed that while Depressive Symptoms were predictive of future Suppression use, Suppression use did not predict later Depressive Symptoms. Therefore, while Suppression and Depressive Symptoms seem to be associated during adolescence, associations between reappraisal and depressive symptomology were not present in the current study. Moreover, despite previous evidence supporting emotion regulation as a risk factor for depression, suppression may be the outcome, rather than the antecedent, of depressive symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Lennarz
- Radboud Universiteit Behavioural Science Institute, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Abundant evidence links personality with emotion via coping. Alternatively, personality can be viewed as an emergent property of responses to the experience of emotion. Dispositions to control, approach, escape, and avoid one's emotional experience underlie diverse traits, including positive and negative urgency, trait emotional approach and avoidance, alexithymia, and emotional expressiveness. In this review, we consider the neurobiological underpinnings of these dispositions and the nature (e.g., stability) and adaptiveness of the associated traits. Important future directions for research in this area include the roles of development, intraindividual variability and flexibility, and the intensity and structure of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; ,
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; ,
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