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Gloger EM, Segerstrom SC. Repetitive thought, cognition, and systemic inflammation in the midlife in the United States study. Psychol Health 2024; 39:651-669. [PMID: 35758133 PMCID: PMC10026601 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor cognition increases risk for negative health outcomes, and this may be explained by associations with systemic inflammation. Previously, amount of repetitive thought (Total RT) interacted with IQ to predict interleukin-6 (IL-6) in older adults. This study continued the investigation of repetitive thought (RT) as an element involved in the effect of cognition on inflammation. DESIGN Participants (N = 164) came from the Midlife in the United States Refresher project (Mage = 45.33, SD = 11.51, ranges = 25-74; 48.2% female; 85% Caucasian). Cognition was assessed via telephone, inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α)) analysed after blood draw, and RT derived from daily diary data. RESULTS Cognition significantly interacted with RT valence (p = .009) to explain CRP after covariate adjustment. Better cognition and more negative RT valence was associated with lower CRP (β = -0.190 [-.387, .008]). Worse cognition and more negative RT valence was associated with higher CRP (β = 0.133 [-.031, .297]). No significant effects were found for IL-6 or TNF-α. CONCLUSION RT may interact with cognition to affect different inflammatory biomarkers. Those with worse cognition may benefit more from skills related to regulating thought than those with better cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Gloger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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2
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Judge ST, Meyr KJ, Segerstrom SC. Conscientiousness and Pain Interference in Older Age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae024. [PMID: 38428027 PMCID: PMC10998340 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conscientiousness is associated with positive health behaviors and outcomes and has been shown to increase as individuals age. Both age and Conscientiousness affect pain, a highly prevalent correlate of aging. This study investigated the effect of Conscientiousness on the relationship between pain and pain interference and vice versa among older adults, who experience pain and functional limitations disproportionately compared with younger adults. METHODS A total of 196 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 73) provided pain and interference ratings semiannually for up to 10 years. Conscientiousness was assessed at the first visit and, on average, 7.6 years later. Multilevel models tested the effect of Conscientiousness on the relationship between pain and interference. Hierarchical regression modeled changes in Conscientiousness. RESULTS Across all pain levels, higher Conscientiousness was associated with less pain interference (γ02 = -0.126, SE = 0.048, p < .01, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) [-0.22, -0.03]). This effect was more pronounced at higher levels of pain and older age. Conscientiousness increased slightly over time, but older baseline age (b = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.03, -0.001], R2 = 0.02) and more mean pain interference over the study period (b = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.03], R2 = 0.03) were associated with less increase in Conscientiousness at follow-up. DISCUSSION Higher pain and older age are associated with more pain interference, and Conscientiousness provided the most protection for these same individuals-those with higher pain and older age. Conscientiousness facilitated reduced interference, which may feed forward into higher Conscientiousness, potentially shaping a cycle between personality and health that extends through older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Judge
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kaitlyn J Meyr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- School of Human Development and Family Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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3
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Karr JE, Hakun JG, Elbich DB, Pinheiro CN, Schmitt FA, Segerstrom SC. Detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: The relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, frequency of high neuropsychological test scores, and the frontoparietal control network. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:220-231. [PMID: 37750195 PMCID: PMC10922091 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychologists have difficulty detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults because greater neurological change must occur before cognitive performances are low enough to indicate decline or impairment. For high-functioning older adults, early neurological changes may correspond with subjective cognitive concerns and an absence of high scores. This study compared high-functioning older adults with and without subjective cognitive concerns, hypothesizing those with cognitive concerns would have fewer high scores on neuropsychological testing and lower frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity. METHOD Participants had high estimated premorbid functioning (e.g., estimated intelligence ≥75th percentile or college-educated) and were divided based on subjective cognitive concerns. Participants with cognitive concerns (n = 35; 74.0 ± 9.6 years old, 62.9% female, 94.3% White) and without cognitive concerns (n = 33; 71.2 ± 7.1 years old, 75.8% female, 100% White) completed a neuropsychological battery of memory and executive function tests and underwent structural and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, calculating frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity. RESULTS Participants with and without cognitive concerns had comparable numbers of low test scores (≤16th percentile), p = .103, d = .40. Participants with cognitive concerns had fewer high scores (≥75th percentile), p = .004, d = .71, and lower mean frontoparietal network volumes (left: p = .004, d = .74; right: p = .011, d = .66) and cortical thickness (left: p = .010, d = .66; right: p = .033, d = .54), but did not differ in network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Among high-functioning older adults, subjective cognitive decline may correspond with an absence of high scores on neuropsychological testing and underlying changes in the frontoparietal network that would not be detected by a traditional focus on low cognitive test scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan G. Hakun
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Daniel B. Elbich
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Frederick A. Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
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4
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Kurth ML, Witzel DD, Segerstrom SC, Choun S, Aldwin PhD CM. Cohort Differences in PTSD Symptoms and Military Experiences: A Life Course Perspective. Gerontologist 2024; 64:gnad129. [PMID: 38198657 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There have been major changes in military service over the past 50 years. Most research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among combat Veterans comes from help-seeking Vietnam and WWII cohorts; results from more recent cohort comparisons are mixed. The present study addressed these gaps by exploring cohort differences among Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-9/11 combat Veterans from a life course perspective. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited community-dwelling combat and war zone Veterans (N = 167), primarily from Veterans' associations in Oregon from three cohorts: Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-911. Online surveys assessed current PTSD symptoms, life course (demographics and cohort membership), and experiential variables (combat severity, appraisals of military service, homecoming, and social support). RESULTS Cohorts were comparable in demographics and war experiences. Step one of a hierarchical regression found that PTSD symptoms were higher among Veterans of color and those with lower incomes, R2 = 0.37, p < .001. When cohort was added, Vietnam Veterans had higher symptoms than Post-9/11; income and race/ethnicity remained significant, ΔR2 = 0.01, p = .13. The final model added experiential variables, ΔR2 = 0.38, p < .001; cohort and income were no longer significant, although Veterans of color still reported higher symptoms. Those with more undesirable service appraisals and who sought social support had higher symptoms, while desirable appraisals were protective. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS From a life course perspective, the particular war zone that Veterans served in was less important than demographics and both service and postservice experiences, suggesting generalizability of risk and protective factors, as well as treatment modalities, across cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Kurth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dakota D Witzel
- Center for Healthy Aging, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Soyoung Choun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carolyn M Aldwin PhD
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Monroe AD, Judge ST, Bass CL, Crofford LJ, Segerstrom SC. Optimism and Sleep in Aging Women: Bidirectional Relationships. Psychosom Med 2024:00006842-990000000-00185. [PMID: 38193773 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep quality and duration are important for biological restoration and promotion of psychological well-being. Optimism may facilitate or result from sufficient sleep, but questions remain as to directionality. The present study tested how optimism is associated with levels of and variability in sleep quantity and quality in a longitudinal burst design. METHODS Midlife and older women (N = 199) reported their sleep quantity and quality in online diaries for a 7-day period, every 3 months for 2 years. Optimism was measured at baseline and end-of-study. Multilevel models tested the effects of optimism on sleep. Linear regression models tested the effect of sleep on optimism. RESULTS Baseline optimism was associated with higher sleep quality (γ = 2.13 [1.16, 3.11], p < .0001) and lower intraindividual variability (IIV; night-to-night and wave-to-wave) in sleep quantity (night-to-night: γ = -0.07 [-0.13, -0.005], p = .03; wave-to-wave: b = -.07 [-.12, -.02], p = .003). In turn, higher average sleep quality (but not quantity) was associated with higher optimism at end-of-study (b = .02 [.007, .03], p = .002). Variability in sleep was unrelated to optimism. CONCLUSIONS Optimism may play an important role in maintaining sleep quality and consistency in sleep quantity, perhaps by buffering stress. Similarly, sleep quality may play an important role in maintaining optimism. The cycle whereby optimism and sleep enhance one another could improve physical health and psychological well-being among aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison D Monroe
- Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, University of Georgia
| | | | | | - Leslie J Crofford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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6
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Reed RG, Hillmann AR, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. Lifespan socioeconomic context is associated with cytomegalovirus and late-differentiated CD8+ T and NK cells: Initial results in older adults. Psychosom Med 2023:00006842-990000000-00173. [PMID: 37982534 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower socioeconomic status (SES) can accelerate immune aging; however, it is unknown whether and how lifespan socioeconomic context (SEC) -the relative wealth and quality of the communities an individual lives in across their lifespan- impacts immune aging. We examined the effects of childhood and adulthood SEC on late-differentiated immune cells and investigated the mediating and moderating role of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a key driver of immune aging. METHODS Adults 60 years and older (N = 109) reported their addresses from birth to age 60, which were coded for county-level employment, education, and income to construct a latent SEC variable, averaged across ages 0-18 (childhood SEC) and 19-60 (adulthood SEC). Blood was drawn semiannually over 5 years for CMV serostatus and flow cytometry estimates of late-differentiated CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. Models were adjusted for chronological age, time, gender, and individual SES (current income and education). RESULTS Lower childhood SEC was associated with higher percentages of late-differentiated CD8+ T and NK cells via CMV seropositivity (indirect effects ps .015-.028). Additionally, an interaction between CMV serostatus and SEC on CD8+ T cell aging (p = .049) demonstrated that adulthood SEC was negatively associated with immune aging among CMV- but not CMV+ adults. CONCLUSIONS Beyond current SES, socioeconomic context related to immune aging in distinct patterns by lifespan phase. Lower childhood SEC importantly may influence who acquires CMV, which in turn, predicts higher levels of immune aging, whereas higher adulthood SEC was protective against immune aging among CMV- older adults. These initial results need to be explored in larger samples.
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Segerstrom SC, Crosby P, Witzel DD, Kurth ML, Choun S, Aldwin CM. Adaptation to changes in COVID-19 pandemic severity: Across older adulthood and time scales. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:586-599. [PMID: 36951696 PMCID: PMC10517079 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been observed to negatively affect older adults' psychological health compared with prepandemic levels. However, older adults' coping efficacy may differ depending on their age, and little is known about effects of fluctuations in pandemic severity. Two longitudinal studies tested the hypothesis that pandemic severity would affect psychological health and be moderated by age. In Study 1 (N = 111), older adults (aged 62-96) were assessed semiannually before and after the first United States COVID-19 case over up to 10 years. Depressive symptoms and stress, but not cognitive difficulties, were higher during COVID-19; pandemic severity had little effect. Estimated increases were smaller for a 65-year-old than for an 85-year-old. In Study 2 (N = 221), older adults (aged 51-95) were assessed weekly over up to 8 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher national pandemic severity was associated with more cognitive difficulties, more depressive symptoms, and more stress. In an opposite pattern from Study 1, estimated increases were larger for a 65-year-old than for an 85-year-old. Old-old adults might be most susceptible to long-term psychological effects of the pandemic era, as in Study 1, but more resilient to short-term effects, as in Study 2. Coping strategies associated with increasing age may be less efficacious for more chronic and severe problems. Conversely, the same coping strategies may be more efficacious for shorter, less severe problems. Differentiating between reactivity to longer term and shorter term pandemic stressors can identify the most resilient or vulnerable ages within older adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paris Crosby
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky
| | - Dakota D Witzel
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
| | - Maria L Kurth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
| | - Soyoung Choun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
| | - Carolyn M Aldwin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University
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8
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Segerstrom SC. Self-Correcting Science in Action. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:449. [PMID: 37252806 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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9
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Reed RG, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. Life stressors and immune aging: Protective effects of cognitive reappraisal. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:212-221. [PMID: 36893924 PMCID: PMC10106412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful life events may accelerate aspects of immune aging, but habitual use of an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal, may attenuate these effects. This study examined whether cognitive reappraisal moderates the associations between life stressor frequency and stressor desirability on aspects of immune aging, including late-differentiated CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP), both between and within people in a longitudinal sample of 149 older adults (mean age = 77.8, range: 64-92 years). Participants reported stressful life events, use of cognitive reappraisal, and provided blood semiannually for up to 5 years to assess aspects of immune aging. Multilevel models, adjusted for demographic and health covariates, tested the between-person (stable, trait-like differences) and within-person associations (dynamic fluctuations) among life stressors and reappraisal on immune aging. Experiencing more frequent life stressors than usual was associated with higher levels of late-differentiated NK cells within person, but this effect was accounted for by experiencing health-related stressors. Unexpectedly, experiencing more frequent and less desirable stressors were associated with lower average levels of TNF-α. As expected, reappraisal moderated the associations between life stressors and late-differentiated NK cells between people and IL-6 within people. Specifically, older adults who experienced less desirable stressors but also used more reappraisal had significantly lower proportions of late-differentiated NK cells on average and lower levels of IL-6 within-person. These results suggest cognitive reappraisal may play a protective role in attenuating the effects of stressful life events on aspects of innate immune aging in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Steven R Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, United States
| | - Charles T Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Segerstrom SC, Diefenbach MA, Hamilton K, O'Connor DB, Tomiyama AJ. Open Science in Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: A Statement From the Behavioral Medicine Research Council. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:298-307. [PMID: 37010234 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Open Science practices include some combination of registering and publishing study protocols (including hypotheses, primary and secondary outcome variables, and analysis plans) and making available preprints of manuscripts, study materials, de-identified data sets, and analytic codes. This statement from the Behavioral Medicine Research Council (BMRC) provides an overview of these methods, including preregistration; registered reports; preprints; and open research. We focus on rationales for engaging in Open Science and how to address shortcomings and possible objections. Additional resources for researchers are provided. Research on Open Science largely supports positive consequences for the reproducibility and reliability of empirical science. There is no solution that will encompass all Open Science needs in health psychology and behavioral medicine's diverse research products and outlets, but the BMRC supports increased use of Open Science practices where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- From the Department of Psychology (Segerstrom), University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY; Institute of Health System Science (Diefenbach), Feinstein Institutes of Medical Sciences, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; Griffith University (Hamilton), School of Applied Psychology, Mt. Gravatt, QLD, Australia; Health Sciences Research Institute (Hamilton), University of California - Merced, Merced, CA; School of Psychology (O'Connor), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; and Department of Psychology (Tomiyama), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA
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Segerstrom SC, Diefenbach MA, Hamilton K, O'Connor DB, Tomiyama JA. Open science in health psychology and behavioral medicine: A statement from the Behavioral Medicine Research Council. Health Psychol 2023; 42:287-298. [PMID: 37011155 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Open Science practices include some combination of registering and publishing study protocols (including hypotheses, primary and secondary outcome variables, and analysis plans) and making available preprints of manuscripts, study materials, de-identified data sets, and analytic codes. This statement from the Behavioral Medicine Research Council (BMRC) provides an overview of these methods, including preregistration; registered reports; preprints; and open research. We focus on rationales for engaging in Open Science and how to address shortcomings and possible objections. Additional resources for researchers are provided. Research on Open Science largely supports positive consequences for the reproducibility and reliability of empirical science. There is no solution that will encompass all Open Science needs in health psychology and behavioral medicine's diverse research products and outlets, but the BMRC supports increased use of Open Science practices where possible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Diefenbach
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Sciences, Northwell Health
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12
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Segerstrom SC, Diefenbach MA, Hamilton K, O'Connor DB, Tomiyama AJ. Open Science in Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: A Statement From the Behavioral Medicine Research Council. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:357-367. [PMID: 37010262 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Open Science practices include some combination of registering and publishing study protocols (including hypotheses, primary and secondary outcome variables, and analysis plans) and making available preprints of manuscripts, study materials, de-identified data sets, and analytic codes. This statement from the Behavioral Medicine Research Council (BMRC) provides an overview of these methods, including preregistration; registered reports; preprints; and open research. We focus on rationales for engaging in Open Science and how to address shortcomings and possible objections. Additional resources for researchers are provided. Research on Open Science largely supports positive consequences for the reproducibility and reliability of empirical science. There is no solution that will encompass all Open Science needs in health psychology and behavioral medicine's diverse research products and outlets, but the BMRC supports increased use of Open Science practices where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - Michael A Diefenbach
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Sciences, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Griffith University, School of Applied Psychology, Mt. Gravatt, QLD, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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Segerstrom SC. Introduction to the special issue 'New directions in the biology of stress'. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:1-4. [PMID: 37132474 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2182736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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14
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Segerstrom SC, Reed RG, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT. Resources and lymphocyte terminal maturity among older adults. Health Psychol 2023; 42:46-52. [PMID: 35980722 PMCID: PMC9812875 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women's financial resources were associated with more terminal maturity in natural killer lymphocytes, generally associated with loss of proliferative potential, during the "Great Recession". This preregistered analysis expanded on that finding in a longitudinal design including both genders and examining the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus. METHOD Older adults (N = 138, 57% women) were assessed longitudinally during 2012-2017; including self-reported psychological, social, financial, and status-skill resources, CMV antibody titers and serostatus, and assessment of T and natural killer lymphocyte terminal maturity (LTM). RESULTS Neither total nor financial resources were associated with LTM. Adjusting only for age, more psychological resources (e.g., meaning, hope, humor) were associated with lower T LTM (percent: γ = -1.11 [-1.78, -.44]; number: γ = -.99 [-1.70, -.27]). There were no significant interactions with age, gender, or CMV serostatus; however, additionally adjusting for serostatus reduced the effect of psychological resources (percent: γ = -.41 [-93, .12]; number: (γ = -.40 [-.94, .13]). CONCLUSIONS Outside the context of the "Great Recession", psychological resources but not financial resources were associated with terminal maturity in T cells, a relationship related to CMV serostatus. Further studies in different and more diverse samples, and in different eras, are needed to understand what resources are most protective against immunological aging, when, and for whom. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven R. Presnell
- Departments of Chemistry and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center
| | - Charles T. Lutz
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky
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Leger KA, Gloger EM, Crofford LJ, McDade TW, Segerstrom SC. Sleep Variability and Inflammation in Midlife and Older Women. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:1006-1012. [PMID: 36044607 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shorter sleep duration and more sleep disturbances, in addition to greater night-to-night fluctuations in sleep (intraindividual variability; IIV), have been associated with elevated inflammation. However, these associations were only at the between-person level. The current study examined the within-person relationship between mean levels and IIV of sleep duration and sleep disturbances and C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy, aging women. METHODS Participants ( N = 179) from a longitudinal study of activity and well-being in middle-aged and older women (mean age = 62 years; range = 50-75 years) completed a 7-day daily diary, every 3 months, for 2 years (up to nine bursts). Sleep was assessed each day asking participants how many hours of sleep they got the night before and with the four-item PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form. Finger-stick dried blood spot samples were collected after each 7-day daily diary. RESULTS In bursts when women experienced greater than average variability in sleep duration, they had higher CRP ( γ = 0.06, p = .004). Within-person changes in mean sleep duration were not associated with CRP. In addition, neither mean sleep disturbances nor sleep disturbance IIV were associated with CRP. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that within-person changes in variable sleep duration are related to changes in inflammation. Findings from the current study suggest that greater variability in sleep duration is related to higher CRP, which may increase risk for early morbidity and mortality. Future studies should investigate inflammation as a pathway linking sleep variability and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Leger
- From the Department of Psychology (Leger, Gloger, Segerstrom), The University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicine (Crofford), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research (McDade), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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Gloger EM, Judge ST, Reed RG, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. The role of late-differentiated T cells, a proxy for IFN-γ-production, in older adults' social networks. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100512. [PMID: 36133955 PMCID: PMC9483740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), an inflammatory biomarker that promotes antiviral immunity, may be a prerequisite for sociability. IFN-γ production in older adulthood is driven by late-differentiated CD8+ T cells, particularly CD28-and CD57+ subsets, which increase with age, reduce immune response, and increase chronic disease risk. The present study investigated the relationship between late-differentiated T cells (LDTC) and sociability in a longitudinal study of healthy aging. 139 older adults (Mage = 77.95, range 65-93; 58% female, 57% college educated, and 94% Caucasian) provided data at up to 10 occasions (M = 7). Social network size and diversity and cytomegalovirus (CMV) status were collected at every wave. Percentage of LDTC was measured at up to 4 waves and averaged for each participant. There were no significant main effects of LDTC or interactions between LDTC and time on social network size or diversity. Adjustment for baseline age, gender, and sensitivity analyses including CMV and imputed data did not change results. IFN-γ may not play a role in dictating social behavior in older adults. Alternately, LDTC may not have accurately represented circulating levels of IFN-γ. Future work should continue exploring IFN-γ and social behavior, particularly as it relates to age-related changes. The role of IFN-γ-producing, late-differentiated T cells in older adults' social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M. Gloger
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stephanie T. Judge
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rebecca G. Reed
- Department of Psychology, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Steven R. Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Charles T. Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Suzanne C. Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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17
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Segerstrom SC, Reed RG, Karr JE. Cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma Gondii Serostatus Prospectively Correlated With Problems in Self-Regulation but not Executive Function Among Older Adults. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:603-611. [PMID: 35420585 PMCID: PMC9167754 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii are organisms that may infect the brain and have cognitive and behavioral consequences. We hypothesized that these latent infections would be prospectively associated with poorer cognition and more problems in self-regulation among older adults. METHODS Older adults (n = 138, mean age = 75.5 years, 59% women) had CMV and T. gondii serostatus tested, crystallized intelligence estimated (North American Adult Reading Test), and executive function (EF; e.g., Trail Making Test) and self-regulation (Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Function-Adult) assessed in visits occurring every 6 months (mean visits = 16). RESULTS CMV+ people (79%) had significantly poorer self-regulation versus CMV- people (21%; behavioral regulation: γ = 0.108, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.009-0.206; metacognition: γ = 0.117, 95% CI = 0.005-0.229), but not intelligence or EF. T. gondii+ people (24%) were not significantly different from T. gondii- people (76%) on any outcome. However, T. gondii+ men had better self-regulation versus T. gondii- men, and the opposite was true of women (behavioral regulation interaction: γ = 0.267, 95% CI = 0.093-0.441). CONCLUSIONS CMV latent infection was associated with more problems in self-regulation, and the magnitude of this difference was clinically significant. T. gondii latent infection was associated with more problems, but only for women. Latent infection might associate with self-regulation but not EF because of factors influencing self-regulation but not neuropsychological test performance, such as values and emotion. Efforts to link latent infection with EFs might, in the future, include the application of those functions to self-regulation in daily life.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The new Editor-in-Chief of Psychosomatic Medicine thanks the outgoing editorial team, reflects on the longevity and impact of the journal, and looks forward to challenges and opportunities. Science-and scientific publications-must address and embrace reproducibility and replication, inclusivity and diversity, statistical advances, and more.
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19
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Rausser S, Trumpff C, McGill MA, Junker A, Wang W, Ho SH, Mitchell A, Karan KR, Monk C, Segerstrom SC, Reed RG, Picard M. Mitochondrial phenotypes in purified human immune cell subtypes and cell mixtures. eLife 2021; 10:70899. [PMID: 34698636 PMCID: PMC8612706 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a high-throughput mitochondrial phenotyping platform to quantify multiple mitochondrial features among molecularly defined immune cell subtypes, we quantify the natural variation in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), citrate synthase, and respiratory chain enzymatic activities in human neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, and naïve and memory T lymphocyte subtypes. In mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the same individuals, we show to what extent mitochondrial measures are confounded by both cell type distributions and contaminating platelets. Cell subtype-specific measures among women and men spanning four decades of life indicate potential age- and sex-related differences, including an age-related elevation in mtDNAcn, which are masked or blunted in mixed PBMCs. Finally, a proof-of-concept, repeated-measures study in a single individual validates cell type differences and also reveals week-to-week changes in mitochondrial activities. Larger studies are required to validate and mechanistically extend these findings. These mitochondrial phenotyping data build upon established immunometabolic differences among leukocyte subpopulations, and provide foundational quantitative knowledge to develop interpretable blood-based assays of mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Marlon A McGill
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Alex Junker
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Anika Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Kalpita R Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study (1) examined links between daily stressors and inflammation and (2) tested whether negative emotion dynamics (emotional variability) is one pathway through which stressors are linked to inflammation. METHOD A cross-sectional sample of 986 adults (aged 35-86 years, 57% female) from MIDUS reported daily stressor frequency and severity and negative emotions on 8 consecutive nights. Negative emotion variability (intraindividual standard deviation), controlling for overall mean level (intraindividual mean), was the focus of the current study. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assayed from blood drawn at a clinic visit. Regression models adjusted for demographics, health factors, and the time between assessments. RESULTS More severe daily stressors were associated with higher CRP, but this effect was accounted for by covariates. More frequent daily stressors were associated with lower IL-6 and CRP. In follow-up analyses, significant interactions between stressor severity and frequency suggested that participants with lower stressor severity and higher stressor frequency had the lowest levels of IL-6 and CRP, whereas those with higher stressor severity had the highest levels of IL-6 and CRP, regardless of frequency. Daily stressor frequency and severity were positively associated with negative emotion variability, but variability was not linearly associated with inflammation and did not operate as a mediator. CONCLUSION Among midlife and older adults, daily stressor frequency and severity may interact and synergistically associate with inflammatory markers, potentially due to these adults being advantaged in other ways related to lower inflammation, or in a pattern aligning with hormetic stress, where frequent but manageable stressors may yield physiological benefits, or both. Negative emotion variability does not operate as a mediator. Additional work is needed to reliably measure and test other emotion dynamic metrics that may contribute to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Iris B Mauss
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Departments of Communication and Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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21
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Vohs KD, Schmeichel BJ, Lohmann S, Gronau QF, Finley AJ, Ainsworth SE, Alquist JL, Baker MD, Brizi A, Bunyi A, Butschek GJ, Campbell C, Capaldi J, Cau C, Chambers H, Chatzisarantis NLD, Christensen WJ, Clay SL, Curtis J, De Cristofaro V, Del Rosario K, Diel K, Doğruol Y, Doi M, Donaldson TL, Eder AB, Ersoff M, Eyink JR, Falkenstein A, Fennis BM, Findley MB, Finkel EJ, Forgea V, Friese M, Fuglestad P, Garcia-Willingham NE, Geraedts LF, Gervais WM, Giacomantonio M, Gibson B, Gieseler K, Gineikiene J, Gloger EM, Gobes CM, Grande M, Hagger MS, Hartsell B, Hermann AD, Hidding JJ, Hirt ER, Hodge J, Hofmann W, Howell JL, Hutton RD, Inzlicht M, James L, Johnson E, Johnson HL, Joyce SM, Joye Y, Kaben JH, Kammrath LK, Kelly CN, Kissell BL, Koole SL, Krishna A, Lam C, Lee KT, Lee N, Leighton DC, Loschelder DD, Maranges HM, Masicampo EJ, Mazara K, McCarthy S, McGregor I, Mead NL, Mendes WB, Meslot C, Michalak NM, Milyavskaya M, Miyake A, Moeini-Jazani M, Muraven M, Nakahara E, Patel K, Petrocelli JV, Pollak KM, Price MM, Ramsey HJ, Rath M, Robertson JA, Rockwell R, Russ IF, Salvati M, Saunders B, Scherer A, Schütz A, Schmitt KN, Segerstrom SC, Serenka B, Sharpinskyi K, Shaw M, Sherman J, Song Y, Sosa N, Spillane K, Stapels J, Stinnett AJ, Strawser HR, Sweeny K, Theodore D, Tonnu K, van Oldenbeuving Y, vanDellen MR, Vergara RC, Walker JS, Waugh CE, Weise F, Werner KM, Wheeler C, White RA, Wichman AL, Wiggins BJ, Wills JA, Wilson JH, Wagenmakers EJ, Albarracín D. A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect. Psychol Sci 2021; 32:1566-1581. [PMID: 34520296 DOI: 10.1177/0956797621989733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Vohs
- Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Sophie Lohmann
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Quentin F Gronau
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam
| | - Anna J Finley
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | - Ambra Brizi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | | | | | | | - Chuting Cau
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Heather Chambers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | | | | | - Samuel L Clay
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University-Idaho
| | - Jessica Curtis
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Arkansas State University
| | | | | | | | | | - Megan Doi
- Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | - Mia Ersoff
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | - Julie R Eyink
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | | | - Bob M Fennis
- Department of Marketing, University of Groningen
| | | | - Eli J Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Will M Gervais
- Centre for Culture and Evolution, Psychology, Brunel University London
| | | | - Bryan Gibson
- Psychology Department, Central Michigan University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin S Hagger
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä
| | | | | | | | - Edward R Hirt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Josh Hodge
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne
| | | | | | | | | | - Lily James
- London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Arkansas State University
| | | | | | - Yannick Joye
- Department of Management, ISM University of Management and Economics
| | | | | | | | | | - Sander L Koole
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | | | - Christine Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | | | - Nick Lee
- School of Psychology, Curtin University
| | - Dana C Leighton
- College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Texas A&M University, Texarkana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian McGregor
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Wendy B Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Akira Miyake
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | - Erin Nakahara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Mindi M Price
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | | | | | - Jacob A Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | - Marco Salvati
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | - Anne Scherer
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University
| | | | - Kristin N Schmitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | | | | | - Janelle Sherman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University
| | | | | | | | | | - Hannah R Strawser
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | - Kate Sweeny
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | | | - Karine Tonnu
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feline Weise
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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Davidson KW, Bacon SL, Bennett GG, Brondolo E, Czajkowski SM, Diefenbach MA, Epel ES, Matthews K, Revenson TA, Ruiz JM, Segerstrom SC. Accomplishing breakthroughs in behavioural medicine research. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:813-815. [PMID: 34127817 PMCID: PMC10326839 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina W Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Simon L Bacon
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary G Bennett
- Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brondolo
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Czajkowski
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Elissa S Epel
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Segerstrom SC, Monroe AD, Crofford LJ. Pain, Goal Engagement, and Eudaemonic Well-Being: Moderation by Autonomous Motivation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:493-498. [PMID: 34129029 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain may decrease well-being in older adults by limiting social and leisure activities. However, some activities can exacerbate pain. We hypothesized that autonomously motivated goal engagement could ameliorate negative effects of pain on goal engagement and amplify positive effects of goal engagement on eudaemonic well-being (EWB). METHOD Midlife and older women (N=200) were oversampled for chronic pain. Daily diaries (n=10,697) including goal lists and ratings, pain, and EWB were completed for 7 days every 3 months for 2 years. RESULTS Pain was not a correlate of goal engagement. More engagement was associated with higher EWB when motivation was autonomous. However, more goal engagement correlated with lower EWB the next day and, when not autonomously motivated, higher pain. DISCUSSION Goal engagement can benefit people with or without physical pain, but the motivation behind goal engagement is equally if not more important. Goals motivated by autonomous sources increase EWB and may protect against maladaptive patterns of activity associated with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leslie J Crofford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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24
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Leger KA, Blevins TR, Crofford LJ, Segerstrom SC. Mean Levels and Variability in Psychological Well-Being and Associations With Sleep in Midlife and Older Women. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:436-445. [PMID: 32857116 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed sleep is prevalent in older adulthood and particularly among women. Greater psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with better sleep, but intraindividual variability in PWB has not been examined. PURPOSE The current study examined whether mean levels and variability in PWB were associated with sleep disturbances in midlife and older women. METHODS Participants (N = 189) completed up to seven daily diaries and an end of the week assessment every 3 months for nine waves. Participants answered questions about their nightly sleep disturbances and reported their PWB using Ryff's six dimensions of PWB. RESULTS Regression models indicated that greater variability in one aspect of PWB, positive relations with others, was related to greater sleep disturbance even after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. Greater variability in environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance were also associated with sleep disturbance, but these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that fluctuations in positive relations with others are related to sleep in adult women above and beyond mean levels of well-being. Results highlight the importance of considering variability in addition to mean levels of PWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Leger
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tessa R Blevins
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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25
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Segerstrom SC, Blevins TR, Leger KA, Reed RG, Crofford LJ. Eudaemonic Well-Being in Midlife Women: Change in and Correspondence Between Concurrent and Retrospective Reports. Collabra: Psychology 2021; 7. [PMID: 33969253 PMCID: PMC8104436 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent and retrospective reports correspond for personality, affect, and coping. The present study described how autonomy, competence, and relatedness components of eudaemonic well-being (EWB) change over days and months and tested correspondences of daily and retrospective reports between and within people. Midlife and older (50–75 years) women (N = 200) completed online diaries daily for 1 week for 9 bursts over 2 years and answered questionnaires at the end of each burst (burst n = 1,529). Multilevel models partialed levels of variance and tested correspondence. Women varied in their daily experiences of EWB but did not vary substantially between bursts. Burst-level diary means and questionnaire responses corresponded between people, but changes within people were less strongly related. The daily, but not monthly, time scale of change is important for capturing within-person changes in EWB. Finding EWB change over months to years may depend on measurement designed to capture medium-term change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa R. Blevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University
| | | | | | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School
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26
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Clasey JL, Adams AM, Geiger PJ, Segerstrom SC, Crofford LJ. Estimation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Without Exercise Testing: Cross-Validation in Midlife and Older Women. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2020; 1:584-591. [PMID: 36755796 PMCID: PMC9902048 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2020.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with important health risk outcomes, including the development of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Measures of maximal or peak oxygen consumption (VO2) are the typical criterion methods for determining CRF; however, in clinical settings, these measures are impractical. Methods We validated a clinically derived estimate of CRF against predicted maximal VO2 in a sample of healthy, midlife and older adult women (n = 188). Women completed a clinic evaluation (including treadmill testing), daily diaries about their physical activity, and additional clinical scales. Two models were tested. The first model calculated estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) using assigned weights and regressed eCRF on predicted cardiorespiratory fitness (pCRF). The second model used sample-specific, empirical weights. Both models were tested twice, once with retrospective and once with daily diary physical activity reports. Results The model accounted for 34% of the variance in pCRF when using assigned weights and 41% of the variance in pCRF when using empirical weights. For age, body mass index, and resting heart rate, assigned and estimated weights were similar, but estimates for physical activity differed. There was little improvement in model fit between retrospective and daily diary measurements of physical activity when either assigned (R 2 = 0.32) or fitted weights (R 2 = 0.40) were used. Conclusions Midlife and older women's CRF can be estimated from routinely collected clinical measures, demonstrating their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody L. Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anita M. Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Address correspondence to: Leslie J. Crofford, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue S, Room T3113 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Misestimation as a consequence of small sample sizes, small effect sizes, and noisy measurement may be particularly problematic in biomarker studies, the cost of which can adversely affect design decisions. This simulation study used real study designs reported in a meta-analysis of psychosocial correlates of the cortisol awakening response to investigate the probability that the results of these designs would yield misestimates in a cross-sectional study. METHODS For each of the 212 designs, 100,000 simulated data sets were produced and the percentages of effects that were in the wrong direction and/or that differed by more than 0.10 from the true effect (b = 0.10) were calculated. RESULTS As expected, small samples (n < 100) and noisy measurement contributed to higher probability of errors. The average probability of an effect being in the wrong direction was around 20%, with some designs reaching 40%; misestimation probabilities were around 40%, with some designs reaching 80%. This was true for all studies as well as those reporting statistically significant effects. CONCLUSION Results call for better study designs, and this article provides suggestions for how to achieve more accurate estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- From the Department of Psychology (Segerstrom) and Division of Orofacial Pain, College of Dentistry (Boggero), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Hoyt MA, Wang AWT, Boggero IA, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Stanton AL, Segerstrom SC. Emotional approach coping in older adults as predictor of physical and mental health. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:591-603. [PMID: 32271069 PMCID: PMC8199838 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotional approach coping involves active attempts at emotional expression and processing in response to stressful circumstances. This study tested whether dispositional emotional approach coping processes predict changes in physical and mental health in community-dwelling older adults, particularly within the context of higher perceived stress. To test this, older adults (N = 150) completed assessments of emotional expression and emotional processing at study entry. They also completed measures of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and ill-health (a composite of subjective and objective physical health indicators, which included blood draw for collection of biomarkers), every 6 months over 4.5 years. Emotional processing and emotional expression were not related significantly to ill-health at study entry. However, emotional processing (but not emotional expression) significantly predicted changes in ill-health. At higher levels of emotional processing, ill-health remained low and stable; at lower levels of emotional processing, ill-health increased over time. However, when perceived stress was high, higher emotional processing and emotional expression were related to lower depressive symptoms at study entry, but higher emotional processing was associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. Emotional approach coping processes evidence prospective relations with health outcomes, which are partially conditioned by stress perceptions. Emotional processing appears to have a protective impact against declining physical health. Predictive relationships for depressive symptoms are more complex. Older adults with chronically high perceived stress might benefit from interventions that target emotion-regulating coping processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Reed RG, Combs HL, Segerstrom SC. The Structure of Self-Regulation and Its Psychological and Physical Health Correlates in Older Adults. Collabra Psychol 2020; 6. [PMID: 32457933 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation refers to effortful control over one's thoughts, emotions, choices, impulses, and behaviors, and has implications for older adults' health. Executive function, physiological, and subjective indices have all been proposed to reflect self-regulation. Pairwise associations among these indices have been previously examined; however, a self-regulation constellation encompassing all of these indices has never been tested in older adults. The present study described the relationships among indices of self-regulation and tested their between- and within-person associations with upstream personality factors (conscientiousness) and downstream psychological and physical health in 149 older adults aged 60-93 years, assessed semi-annually for five years (up to 10 waves). Indices of self-regulation were only modestly correlated with each other but were each associated with health. Better executive function was associated with better psychological and physical health between and within people, whereas higher heart rate variability was associated with psychological health within people. Better subjective self-regulation had the most between- and within-person associations with better psychological and physical health. Conscientiousness was associated with subjective self-regulation and better psychological and physical health. These findings support the non-unitary nature of self-regulation in older adults and the health relevance of each of its indices between and within older adults. The aging process may change how the indices relate to each other, and older adults may draw more on certain self-regulatory components over others, given limited resources. Subjective self-regulation may be an important final common pathway to psychological and physical health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, US.,Formerly affiliated with the Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, US
| | - Hannah L Combs
- Houston Methodist Sugar Land Neurology Associates, Sugar Land, TX, US.,Formerly affiliated with the Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, US
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Moss-Morris R, Segerstrom SC. A new era for Health Psychology Review. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 14:213-214. [PMID: 32212904 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1748302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Segerstrom SC. Statistical Guideline No. 5. Include Results of a Power Analysis; if a Power Analysis Was Not Performed, Describe the Stopping Rule for Recruitment. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:140-141. [PMID: 32140932 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This is one in a series of statistical guidelines designed to highlight common statistical considerations in behavioral medicine research. The goal is to briefly discuss appropriate ways to analyze and present data in the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (IJBM). Collectively the series will culminate in a set of basic statistical guidelines to be adopted by IJBM and integrated into the journal's official Instructions for Authors, and also to serve as an independent resource. If you have ideas for a future topic, please email the Statistical Editor, Suzanne Segerstrom at segerstrom@uky.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY, 40506-0044, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain interferes with people's daily lives and often limits the extent to which they can pursue goals and engage in activities that promote well-being. However, people vary in how much interference they experience at a given level of pain. PURPOSE The present study tested how optimism affects and is affected by pain interference and goal-directed activity among older women. METHODS Every 3 months for 2 years, community-dwelling middle- and older-age women (N = 199) completed online daily diaries at home for a 7 day period, in which they reported their daily pain, pain interference, and goal-directed activity. Optimism was measured at the start and end of the study. Multilevel models tested the between- and within-person relationships among pain, optimism, and pain interference or goal-directed activity. Linear regression predicted change in optimism over 2 years from pain interference and goal-directed activity. RESULTS Pain best predicted pain interference and optimism best predicted goal-directed activity. There were subtle interactions between optimism and pain-predicting interference and goal-directed activity. Accumulated goal-directed activity and pain interference across the study predicted longitudinal changes in optimism, with higher activity and lower pain interference predicting increased optimism over 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Optimism may play a protective role in disruptions caused by pain on a day-to-day basis, leading to increased goal-directed activity and possibly decreased pain interference. In turn, less interference and more goal-directed activity feed forward into increased optimism, resulting in a virtuous cycle that enhances optimism and well-being among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Judge
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Abstract
Personality, especially the dimensions of neuroticism and conscientiousness, has prospectively predicted the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such a relationship could be explained by personality and AD risk having a common cause such as a gene; by personality creating a predisposition for AD through health behavior or inflammation; by personality exerting a pathoplastic effect on the cognitive consequences of neuropathology; or by AD and personality change existing on a disease spectrum that begins up to decades before diagnosis. Using the 5-dimensional taxonomy of personality, the present review describes how these models might arise, the evidence for each, and how they might be distinguished from one another empirically. At present, the evidence is sparse but tends to suggest predisposition and/or pathoplastic relationships. Future studies using noninvasive assessment of neuropathology are needed to distinguish these 2 possibilities.
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Abstract
From the Editors: This is one in a series of statistical guidelines designed to highlight common statistical considerations in behavioral medicine research. The goal is to briefly discuss appropriate ways to analyze and present data in the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (IJBM). Collectively the series will culminate in a set of basic statistical guidelines to be adopted by IJBM and integrated into the journal's official Instructions for Authors, but also to serve as an independent resource. If you have ideas for a future topic, please email the Statistical Editor Suzanne Segerstrom at segerstrom@uky.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY, 40506-0044, USA.
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Judge ST, Clasey JL, Crofford LJ, Segerstrom SC. OPTIMISM AND PAIN INTERFERENCE IN AGING WOMEN. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846074 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain limits individuals’ ability to engage in activities that promote well-being. This longitudinal-burst daily diary study tested reciprocal relationships among pain, optimism, pain interference, and activity in older women. Multilevel models tested between- and within-person relationships among these variables. Pain best predicted interference (person: γ001 = .227, SE = .022, p < .0001; wave: γ010 = .267, SE = .014, p < .0001; day: γ100 = .246, SE = .010, p < .0001); optimism best predicted activity (γ002 = .684, SE = .101, p < .0001). In linear regression models, baseline optimism (sr2 = 0.560, p < .0001), less interference (sr2 = 0.064, p < .0001), and more activity (sr2 = 0.015, p = .013) predicted higher end-of-study optimism. Ultimately, more optimistic women were significantly more active than less optimistic women, and less interference and more activity promoted increased optimism, creating a virtuous cycle that enhances well-being among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Judge
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jodi L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Boggero IA, Segerstrom SC. Maintenance of affective wellbeing following acute pain in healthy older and younger adults. J Behav Med 2019; 42:934-946. [PMID: 30790212 PMCID: PMC6703978 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Over 70% of older adults report chronic or acute pain, and pain threatens affective wellbeing. The strategies older adults use to maintain affective wellbeing following acute pain remain unknown. Specific strategies that can be used to manage pain include recalling, recognizing, and responding to positive stimuli and prioritizing close over knowledgeable social partners. The study tested whether older adults used positivity-enhancing strategies and maintained affective wellbeing following acute pain better than younger adults. Fifty older (ages 65-85) and 50 younger (ages 18-30) pain-free adults experienced a control and a pain condition and were given the chance to employ positivity-enhancing strategies. Older and younger adults similarly used positivity-enhancing strategies following pain. Younger adults demonstrated reduced preference for knowledgeable social partners after experiencing pain. Pain-related affective changes were similar between age groups. Older and younger adults may cope with acute pain similarly, highlighting future directions for exploring age differences in pain coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Boggero
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 111-B Kastle Hall, 171 Funkhouser Dr., Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 111-B Kastle Hall, 171 Funkhouser Dr., Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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Boggero IA, Segerstrom SC. Self-regulatory ability, fatigue, and the experience of pain: Mechanistic insights from pain-free undergraduates. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13388. [PMID: 31049991 PMCID: PMC6699908 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulatory (SR) ability is an important resource for managing pain, but chronic pain patients experience chronic self-regulatory fatigue even when they are not in pain. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and pain inhibition are two mechanisms that differentiate people with and without chronic pain. It was hypothesized that trait SR ability would be associated with higher PPT and better pain inhibition and that PPT and pain inhibition would be lower following high versus low SR fatigue. Three studies tested these hypotheses. Study 1 had 240 pain-free undergraduates complete measures of trait SR ability and PPT; 122 also provided data on pain inhibition. Study 2 had 38 of Study 1's participants return for two additional sessions in which they underwent PPT testing under conditions of high or low SR fatigue (within-person, counterbalanced). Study 3 repeated these procedures with pain inhibition as the outcome (n = 39). Results revealed that individual differences in SR ability were not associated with PPT or pain inhibition (all ps > 0.05). Within people, neither PPT (F(1, 36) = 1.57, p = 0.22) nor pain inhibition (F(1, 37) = 1.79, p = 0.19) were significantly different under conditions of low versus high SR fatigue. Results do not support the hypotheses that PPT or pain inhibition associate with individual differences in trait SR ability or transient changes in state SR fatigue in the absence of pain. Instead, the SR deficits in chronic pain patients may arise from the experience of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Boggero
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology
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Reed RG, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. Perceived stress, cytomegalovirus titers, and late-differentiated T and NK cells: Between-, within-person associations in a longitudinal study of older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:266-274. [PMID: 30885843 PMCID: PMC6660394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and psychological stress are implicated as drivers of immunological aging. It is unknown, however, whether associations among CMV titers, stress, and immune aging are more stable or dynamic over time. The present investigation tested the between-person (stable differences) and within-person (dynamic fluctuations) associations of CMV titers and perceived stress on late-differentiated T and natural killer (NK) peripheral blood cells in a longitudinal study of older adults aged 64-92 years (N = 149). Participants reported stress levels and provided blood biannually for 2.5 years (up to 5 waves per person) to assess CMV IgG titers and composites of late-differentiated CD8 T cells (CD28- and CD57 + subsets) and CD56dim NK cells (CD57+, NKG2C+, and FcεRIγ- subsets). In multilevel models that controlled for demographic variables, higher CMV titers were associated with higher proportions and counts of aged T and NK cells between people and lower counts of aged T cells within people. Perceived stress was associated with higher counts of aged T cells between people, but was not associated with aged NK cells. A significant interaction between stress and CMV titers on T cells between people indicated that older adults with lower stress levels and lower CMV titers had the lowest proportions of late-differentiated T cells, whereas those with higher stress levels had high proportions, regardless of CMV control. Our results provide evidence for longer-term, between-person associations among CMV titers, stress, and immunological aging, rather than dynamic within-person associations. We propose that targeting factors that promote low, stable perceived stress in older adults may retard T cell differentiation and ultimately support healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| | - Steven R Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Charles T Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Reed RG, Al-Attar A, Presnell SR, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. A longitudinal study of the stability, variability, and interdependencies among late-differentiated T and NK cell subsets in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:46-54. [PMID: 30885717 PMCID: PMC6482456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The stability and variability of older adults' late-differentiated peripheral blood T and natural killer (NK) cells over time remains incompletely quantified or understood. We examined the variability and change over time in T and NK cell subsets in a longitudinal sample of older adults; the effects of sex, cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, and chronic disease severity on immune levels and trajectories; and interdependencies among T and NK cell subsets. Older adults (N = 149, age 64-94 years, 42% male) provided blood every 6 months for 2.5 years (up to 5 waves) to evaluate late-differentiated CD8 T cells (CD28-, CD57+) and CD56dimNK cells (CD57+, NKG2C+, FcɛRIγ-). In multilevel models, most of the variance in immune subsets reflected stable differences between people. However, CD56dimNK cell subsets (CD57+ and FcɛRIγ-) also increased with age, whereas T cell subsets did not. Independent of age, all subsets examined were higher in CMV-positive older adults. Men had higher levels of CD56dim CD57+ than women. Chronic disease was not associated with any immune subset investigated. T and NK cell subsets correlated within each cell type, but interdependencies differed by CMV serostatus. Our results suggest the accumulation of these stable cell populations may be driven less by chronological aging, even less by chronic disease severity, and more by CMV, which may differentially skew T and NK cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Steven R Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Charles T Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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Segerstrom SC. What's the meaning of this? Childhood socioeconomic status, inflammation, and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:12-13. [PMID: 30878685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Geiger PJ, Reed RG, Combs HL, Boggero IA, Segerstrom SC. Longitudinal Associations Among Older Adults' Neurocognitive Performance, Psychological Distress, and Self-Reported Cognitive Function. Psychol Neurosci 2019; 12:224-235. [PMID: 31178982 PMCID: PMC6548514 DOI: 10.1037/pne0000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints increase with age. Although subjective cognitive difficulties have been linked to cognitive impairment and psychological distress, some studies have failed to establish a link between subjective cognitive complaints and present or future cognitive impairment. The present study examined the interactive, longitudinal effects of age, psychological distress, and objective cognitive performance on subjective cognitive function. Older adults (N=147, Mage = 74.17) were assessed biannually for up to six years. Subjective cognitive function, psychological distress, and neuropsychological testing were obtained at each assessment. In multilevel models with single predictors, age, poorer average task-switching and poorer memory predicted worse subjective cognitive functioning. Both average levels and within-person deviations in distress predicted worse subjective cognitive function. There were two significant interactions: one between average distress and chronological age, and the other between average memory and within-person distress. Task switching performance and distress had an additive effect on subjective cognitive function. Both individual differences (i.e., between-person differences) and fluctuations over time (i.e., within-person changes) contributed to worse subjective cognitive function. Psychological distress may help explain the relationship between objective cognitive performance and subjective cognitive function and should be assessed when patient concerns about cognitive functioning arise.
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Abstract
The study of relationships between personality traits and health has a long history in psychosomatic research. However, personality science has evolved from an understanding of personality as fixed traits to one that acknowledges that personality is dynamic. Dynamic approaches to conceptualizing and measuring personality and individual differences can enrich personality-health research. In this Presidential Address (American Psychosomatic Society, 2018), I consider how different formulations of personality-stable traits, stable signals in a noisy or variable measure, within-person changes, and intraindividual variability-can be implemented to better understand how personality is related to health and particularly to immune function. These approaches recognize and, in some cases, capitalize on the fact that personality factors can display variability as well as stability over time. They also require repeated measurement and therefore greater methodological sophistication that considers reliability and generalizability, Simpson's paradox, and the difference between variability and flexibility. Dynamic qualities of personality and individual differences potentially influence health, and designs and methodology that incorporate them can illuminate the important processes that occur inside the error bars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY, 40506-0044, USA.
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Boggero IA, Sturgeon JA, Arewasikporn A, Castro SA, King CD, Segerstrom SC. Associations of Pain Intensity and Frequency With Loneliness, Hostility, and Social Functioning: Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Within-Person Relationships. Int J Behav Med 2019; 26:217-229. [PMID: 30809770 PMCID: PMC10585610 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current studies investigated associations between pain intensity and pain frequency with loneliness, hostility, and social functioning using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and within-person data from community-dwelling adults with varying levels of pain. METHOD Secondary analysis of preexisting data was conducted. Study 1 investigated cross-sectional (baseline data: n = 741) and longitudinal (follow-up data: n = 549, observed range between baseline and follow-up: 6-53 months) associations. Study 2 tested within-person associations using daily diaries across 30 days from a subset of the participants in Study 1 (n = 69). RESULTS Cross-sectionally, pain intensity and frequency were associated with higher loneliness (βintensity = 0.16, βfrequency = 0.17) and worse social functioning (βintensity = - 0.40, βfrequency = - 0.34). Intensity was also associated with higher hostility (β = 0.11). Longitudinally, pain intensity at baseline predicted hostility (β = 0.19) and social functioning (β = - 0.20) at follow-up, whereas pain frequency only predicted social functioning (β = - 0.21). Within people, participants reported higher hostility (γ = 0.002) and worse social functioning (γ = - 0.013) on days with higher pain, and a significant average pain by daily pain interaction was found for loneliness. Pain intensity did not predict social well-being variables on the following day. CONCLUSION Pain intensity and frequency were associated with social well-being, although the effects were dependent on the social well-being outcome and the time course being examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Boggero
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - John A Sturgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Arewasikporn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence-West, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Saul A Castro
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher D King
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Segerstrom SC, Kasarskis EJ, Fardo DW, Westgate PM. Socioemotional selectivity and psychological health in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and caregivers: a longitudinal, dyadic analysis. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1179-1195. [PMID: 30907138 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1587441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that as the end of life approaches, goals and resources that provide immediate, hedonic reward become more important than those that provide delayed rewards. This study tested whether these goal domains differentially affected psychological health in the context of marital dyads in which one partner had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a life-limiting disease. Design: ALS patients (N = 102) being treated in three multidisciplinary clinics and their spouses (N = 100) reported their loneliness, financial worry and psychological health every 3 months for up to 18 months. Main Outcome Measure: Psychological health composite. Results: In multilevel dyadic models, patients and spouses had similar levels of financial worry and loneliness. Both patients and spouses had worse psychological health with higher loneliness, but only spouses had worse psychological health with higher financial worry. Significant interactions with age and disease severity indicated that older spouses were more affected by loneliness than were younger spouses, and patients with less severe disease were more affected by financial worry than patients with more severe disease. Conclusion: The results provide good support for socioemotional selectivity theory's implications for psychological health in a strong test of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J Kasarskis
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Philip M Westgate
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Scott AB, Reed RG, Garcia-Willingham NE, Lawrence KA, Segerstrom SC. Lifespan Socioeconomic Context: Associations With Cognitive Functioning in Later Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:113-125. [PMID: 29878250 PMCID: PMC6294237 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Early socioeconomic status (SES) correlates with later-life cognition. However, the effect of socioeconomic context (SEC), which reflects influences from broader ecological contexts, has not been examined. The present study developed a measure of SEC using lifetime residential addresses and examined SEC and residential mobility effects on later-life cognition. Method Older adults (N = 117, Mage = 75) reported addresses since birth. Latent SEC was constructed from census income, employment, and education (1920-2010) for each county and census year, extrapolated between census years. Controlling for current SES, SEC in childhood (ages 0-18) and adulthood (ages 19-60), with finer granulations in young adulthood (ages 19-39) and midlife (ages 40-60), predicted later-life cognition. Effects of residential mobility on later-life cognition were also examined. Results Higher childhood and adulthood SEC were associated with better Auditory Verbal Learning Test recognition (β = .24, p = .012) and immediate recall (β = .26, p = .008). Higher midlife SEC was associated with faster task switching (β = .26, p = .025) and better task switching efficiency (β = .27, p = .022). Higher residential mobility in childhood was associated with higher crystallized intelligence (β = .194, p = .040). Discussion Independent of current SES, childhood and adulthood SEC predicted later-life cognition, which may be sensitive to effects of social institutions and environmental health. SEC assessed across the lifespan, and related residential mobility information may be important complements to SES in predicting later-life cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- April B Scott
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | | | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Abstract
Abundant evidence links personality with emotion via coping. Alternatively, personality can be viewed as an emergent property of responses to the experience of emotion. Dispositions to control, approach, escape, and avoid one's emotional experience underlie diverse traits, including positive and negative urgency, trait emotional approach and avoidance, alexithymia, and emotional expressiveness. In this review, we consider the neurobiological underpinnings of these dispositions and the nature (e.g., stability) and adaptiveness of the associated traits. Important future directions for research in this area include the roles of development, intraindividual variability and flexibility, and the intensity and structure of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; ,
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; ,
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49
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Combs HL, Garcia-Willingham NE, Berry DTR, van Horne CG, Segerstrom SC. Psychological functioning in Parkinson's disease post-deep brain stimulation: Self-regulation and executive functioning. J Psychosom Res 2018; 111:42-49. [PMID: 29935753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the basal ganglia, resulting in motor and extra-motor deficits. These extra-motor deficits may be reflective of a self-regulatory deficit impacting patients' ability to regulate cognitive processes, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. There is a need to further examine the prevalence and range of self-regulation (SR) and executive functioning (EF) impairments in PD. This study sought to do so in a sample of patients with PD (N = 31) who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for motor symptom treatment. Patients completed measures indicative of SR and EF including neurocognitive tests, heart rate variability (HRV), and self-report questionnaires to examine these constructs in PD. The highest prevalence of impairments were observed for total impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms (74%), depressive symptoms (48%), verbal fluency (phonemic: 39%; semantic: 36%), mental flexibility (32%), and self-reported SR impairments (Metacognition: 32%; Behavioral Regulation: 29%). Correlations among theoretically related constructs (i.e., SR, EF) were modest and variable; challenging the idea that SR is a unitary construct for which different domains depend on a common resource. In patients with PD post-DBS, higher resting HRV, thought to be indicative of better autonomic functioning, was linked to better EF in some instances but not others and not significantly associated with self-report SR. Overall, patients with PD exhibit various extra-motor deficits, ranging from subtle to severe. Health care professionals working with patients with PD should recognize the presence of extra-motor deficits, particularly ICDs, and obstacles that might arise from such impairments in patients' daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Combs
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | | | - David T R Berry
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Craig G van Horne
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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50
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Boggero IA, Hostinar CE, Haak EA, Murphy MLM, Segerstrom SC. Psychosocial functioning and the cortisol awakening response: Meta-analysis, P-curve analysis, and evaluation of the evidential value in existing studies. Biol Psychol 2017; 129:207-230. [PMID: 28870447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol levels rise immediately after awakening and peak approximately 30-45min thereafter. Psychosocial functioning influences this cortisol awakening response (CAR), but there is considerable heterogeneity in the literature. The current study used p-curve and meta-analysis on 709 findings from 212 studies to test the evidential value and estimate effect sizes of four sets of findings: those associating worse psychosocial functioning with higher or lower cortisol increase relative to the waking period (CARi) and to the output of the waking period (AUCw). All four sets of findings demonstrated evidential value. Psychosocial predictors explained 1%-3.6% of variance in CARi and AUCw responses. Based on these effect sizes, cross-sectional studies assessing CAR would need a minimum sample size of 617-783 to detect true effects with 80% power. Depression was linked to higher AUCw and posttraumatic stress to lower AUCw, whereas inconclusive results were obtained for predictor-specific effects on CARi. Suggestions for future CAR research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Boggero
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
| | - Camelia E Hostinar
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 103 Young Hall, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Eric A Haak
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
| | - Michael L M Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
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