1
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Salvati M, Pellegrini V, De Cristofaro V, Giacomantonio M. What is hiding behind the rainbow plot? The gender ideology and LGBTQ+ lobby conspiracies (GILC) scale. Br J Soc Psychol 2024; 63:295-318. [PMID: 37606152 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature on conspiracy beliefs has an important gap, as it has almost completely excluded conspiracy beliefs relating to LGBTQ+ people. The purpose of the present research was to develop and validate a specific tool to measure the Gender Ideology and LGBTQ+ Lobby Conspiracies Beliefs: the GILC scale. Two independent data collections (Ntot = 1.908) were run involving both heterosexual and gay, lesbian and bisexual people. We expected a mono-factorial structure of the tool, with high levels of internal reliability, invariant by respondents' gender, sexual orientation and previous knowledge or hearsay of gender ideology. Furthermore, we expected that GILC scale manages to measure a differentiated construct: (a) compared to other specific and general conspiracy contents; (b) compared to a generic disposition to engage in conspiratorial mentality; (c) compared to existing measures of sexual prejudice, stereotypes and negative attitudes towards sexual minority people. In relation to criterion validity, we expected that several psychosocial and socio-political ideology variables (i.e. RWA and SDO), would associate with high levels in GILC scale. The results confirmed our expectations, showing that GILC scale is a short tool which include nine items with a mono-factorial structure and with excellent psychometric properties. Limitations and further research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvati
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Giacomantonio M, Pellegrini V, De Cristofaro V, Brasini M, Mancini F. Expectations about the “Natural Order of Things” and Conspiracy Beliefs about COVID-19. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19159499. [PMID: 35954854 PMCID: PMC9368370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an event that unsettled the social and economic life of many people. When individuals are faced with shocking events, they may need to find plausible explanations for such events to restore control and make sense of reality. The adoption of conspiracy beliefs may represent a functional strategy for this purpose. The present study investigated whether the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs may be associated with the degree to which an upsetting event (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) is perceived as incoherent with individuals’ general set of expectations about the world functioning (i.e., the natural order of things). Analyzing data from a community sample of 565 Italian participants, a path analysis model highlighted a mediation pattern where the natural order of things was negatively related to the adoption of conspiracy beliefs and, thus, was indirectly and positively related to support for the norms aimed at containing the spread of COVID-19, feelings of guilt about neglecting such norms, and intentions to be compliant with COVID-19 vaccination. Moreover, the natural order of things was indirectly and negatively related to attitudes focused on economic issues rather than public health and to negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines through reduced beliefs in conspiracies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Brasini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (APC-SPC), 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy
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3
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Panno A, De Cristofaro V, Pellegrini V, Leone L, Giacomantonio M, Anna Donati M. Proud to support social equality: Investigating the roles of pride, guilt, anger, and disgust in attitudes towards immigrants. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221098633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that low social dominance orientation (social equality orientation) promotes empathy with disadvantaged group members. In three studies, we tested a model relating preference for egalitarianism to positive attitudes towards immigrants through emotional experiences (pride, guilt, moral anger/ anger, disgust). Studies 1 and 2 showed that social equality orientation was positively related to proimmigrant attitudes through increased pride in helping immigrants, controlling for participants’ gender, age, and political orientation. Such a preference for egalitarianism was unrelated to proimmigrant attitudes through guilt for not helping immigrants and moral anger concerning mistreatment of immigrants. By focusing on emotional experience concerning proimmigrant national initiatives (e.g., integrating immigrants into the labor market), Study 3 corroborated the indirect effect of social equality orientation on proimmigrant attitudes through increased pride, controlling for participants’ gender, age, political orientation, as well as competitive jungle and dangerous world beliefs. Although much weaker, we also found a positive association between social equality orientation and proimmigrant attitudes through reduced anger, while no significant association through guilt and disgust was found. Results suggest that, relative to guilt, anger, and disgust, pride is the key channel through which preference for egalitarianism is related to positive attitudes towards immigrants. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
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4
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De Cristofaro V, Giacomantonio M, Pellegrini V, Salvati M, Leone L. Assessing social dominance orientation and system justification as psychological pathways from practicing meditation to tax evasion intentions and support for tax progressivity. Community & Applied Soc Psy 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Marco Salvati
- Department of Human Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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5
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Pellegrini V, Salvati M, De Cristofaro V, Giacomantonio M, Leone L. Psychological bases of anti‐immigration attitudes among populist voters. J Applied Social Pyschol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University Rome Italy
| | - Marco Salvati
- Department of Human Science University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University Rome Italy
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6
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Abstract
Abstract. The present research investigates whether and how intentionality of (i.e., a retribution-related factor) and the difficulty to detect (i.e., a utilitarianism-related factor) tax evasion may influence people’s punitive reactions depending on individual differences in economic system justification. Results of a moderation analysis revealed (a) a positive effect of intentionality, but not difficult to detect, on punitiveness; (b) a negative effect of economic system justification on punitiveness; (c) an interactive effect between intentionality and economic system justification, suggesting that intentionality predicts punitive reactions towards tax evaders only when economic system justification is low. These results qualify the notion that people are more concerned about retribution than about utilitarianism, thereby providing support for the intuitive retributivism hypothesis. Also, they suggest that economic system justification plays a role in demotivating punishment toward tax evaders, especially in conjunction with retribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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7
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Pellegrini V, Giacomantonio M, De Cristofaro V, Salvati M, Brasini M, Carlo E, Mancini F, Leone L. Is Covid-19 a natural event? Covid-19 pandemic and conspiracy beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences 2021; 181:111011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Vohs KD, Schmeichel BJ, Lohmann S, Gronau QF, Finley AJ, Ainsworth SE, Alquist JL, Baker MD, Brizi A, Bunyi A, Butschek GJ, Campbell C, Capaldi J, Cau C, Chambers H, Chatzisarantis NLD, Christensen WJ, Clay SL, Curtis J, De Cristofaro V, Del Rosario K, Diel K, Doğruol Y, Doi M, Donaldson TL, Eder AB, Ersoff M, Eyink JR, Falkenstein A, Fennis BM, Findley MB, Finkel EJ, Forgea V, Friese M, Fuglestad P, Garcia-Willingham NE, Geraedts LF, Gervais WM, Giacomantonio M, Gibson B, Gieseler K, Gineikiene J, Gloger EM, Gobes CM, Grande M, Hagger MS, Hartsell B, Hermann AD, Hidding JJ, Hirt ER, Hodge J, Hofmann W, Howell JL, Hutton RD, Inzlicht M, James L, Johnson E, Johnson HL, Joyce SM, Joye Y, Kaben JH, Kammrath LK, Kelly CN, Kissell BL, Koole SL, Krishna A, Lam C, Lee KT, Lee N, Leighton DC, Loschelder DD, Maranges HM, Masicampo EJ, Mazara K, McCarthy S, McGregor I, Mead NL, Mendes WB, Meslot C, Michalak NM, Milyavskaya M, Miyake A, Moeini-Jazani M, Muraven M, Nakahara E, Patel K, Petrocelli JV, Pollak KM, Price MM, Ramsey HJ, Rath M, Robertson JA, Rockwell R, Russ IF, Salvati M, Saunders B, Scherer A, Schütz A, Schmitt KN, Segerstrom SC, Serenka B, Sharpinskyi K, Shaw M, Sherman J, Song Y, Sosa N, Spillane K, Stapels J, Stinnett AJ, Strawser HR, Sweeny K, Theodore D, Tonnu K, van Oldenbeuving Y, vanDellen MR, Vergara RC, Walker JS, Waugh CE, Weise F, Werner KM, Wheeler C, White RA, Wichman AL, Wiggins BJ, Wills JA, Wilson JH, Wagenmakers EJ, Albarracín D. A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect. Psychol Sci 2021; 32:1566-1581. [PMID: 34520296 DOI: 10.1177/0956797621989733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Vohs
- Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Sophie Lohmann
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Quentin F Gronau
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam
| | - Anna J Finley
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | - Ambra Brizi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | | | | | | | - Chuting Cau
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Heather Chambers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | | | | | - Samuel L Clay
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University-Idaho
| | - Jessica Curtis
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Arkansas State University
| | | | | | | | | | - Megan Doi
- Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | - Mia Ersoff
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | - Julie R Eyink
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | | | - Bob M Fennis
- Department of Marketing, University of Groningen
| | | | - Eli J Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Will M Gervais
- Centre for Culture and Evolution, Psychology, Brunel University London
| | | | - Bryan Gibson
- Psychology Department, Central Michigan University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin S Hagger
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä
| | | | | | | | - Edward R Hirt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Josh Hodge
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne
| | | | | | | | | | - Lily James
- London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Arkansas State University
| | | | | | - Yannick Joye
- Department of Management, ISM University of Management and Economics
| | | | | | | | | | - Sander L Koole
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | | | - Christine Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | | | - Nick Lee
- School of Psychology, Curtin University
| | - Dana C Leighton
- College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Texas A&M University, Texarkana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian McGregor
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Wendy B Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Akira Miyake
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | - Erin Nakahara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Mindi M Price
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | | | | | - Jacob A Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | - Marco Salvati
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | - Anne Scherer
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University
| | | | - Kristin N Schmitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | | | | | - Janelle Sherman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University
| | | | | | | | | | - Hannah R Strawser
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | - Kate Sweeny
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | | | - Karine Tonnu
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feline Weise
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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9
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De Cristofaro V, Giacomantonio M, Pellegrini V, Salvati M, Leone L. Being mindful in the tax context in Italy: Examining whether and how mindfulness relates with tax evasion intentions and support for tax progressivity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253627. [PMID: 34170947 PMCID: PMC8232402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies explored whether and how mindfulness relates with citizens’ tax evasion intentions and support for progressive tax rates. Based on theoretical and empirical grounds, in Study 1 (N = 1,175) we proposed that mindfulness would be negatively related with tax evasion intentions through decreased social dominance orientation. Drawing on Duckitt’s dual-process motivational model, in Study 2 (N = 722) we proposed that mindfulness would be positively related with support for progressive taxation through the mediation of lower competitive-jungle beliefs, and then lower social dominance orientation. Instead, we did not expect to find mediation of the link between mindfulness and support for progressive taxation through dangerous-world beliefs and right-wing authoritarianism. These studies inform about the motivational pathways through which mindfulness relates with tax evasion intentions and support for progressive taxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvati
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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De Cristofaro V, Pellegrini V, Giacomantonio M, Livi S, van Zomeren M. Can moral convictions against gender inequality overpower system justification effects? Examining the interaction between moral conviction and system justification. Br J Soc Psychol 2021; 60:1279-1302. [PMID: 33591638 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that disadvantaged groups who endorse system-justifying beliefs tend to internalize their state of inferiority by expressing ingroup derogation and opposing collective action for change. In the present research, we recruited women - as disadvantaged group - from different countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy) and examined whether their moral conviction against gender inequality, as an absolute stance that does not tolerate any violation, may interact with and overpower system-justifying beliefs. Results from three studies provided support for our hypotheses. First, when women held strong moral conviction, they expressed higher identification with their disadvantaged ingroup and, in turn, higher collective action intentions, independent of system-justifying beliefs. Second, when women held weak moral conviction, higher system-justifying beliefs reduced women's ingroup identification and, in turn, undermined their collective action intentions. This support is found across different contexts of gender inequality (the gender leadership gap, the gender pay gap, and the gender power imbalance), using different methodological approaches (online survey, online experiment, laboratory experiment). Implications, limits, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Livi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Martijn van Zomeren
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Visco-Comandini F, Gragnani A, Giacomantonio M, Romano G, Petrucci M, Mancini F. Depression in the Mirror: Depression Severity and Its Link to Negative Judgments of Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:621282. [PMID: 34366906 PMCID: PMC8342919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.621282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Depressive states represent a normal and physiological response to the experience of loss. However, it is possible to identify some elements that allow distinguishing physiological depressive states from pathological ones. Over the years, research has confirmed that a stable tendency to negative self-evaluation is a transdiagnostic factor that triggers and amplifies dysfunctional emotional reactivity, thus contributing to the shift from normal to pathological reaction. In this sense, the secondary problem, or meta-emotional problem, referring to the negative evaluation of one's depressive state and the consequent dysfunctional attempts to solve it, seems to play an important role. The aim of the present study is to investigate how dysfunctional beliefs and the evaluations of depressive symptoms (meta-emotional problems) are related to depression severity. Methods: We asked to a community sample to focus on the depressive symptoms they regard as most distressful and evaluate them through specific questionnaires. One-hundred and eighty nine participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires: (1) the Meta-Emotional Problem Questionnaire; (2) the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; (3) the Beck Depression Inventory; (4) the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-24 in order to investigate the relation between dysfunctional beliefs, meta-emotional problems, and depressive symptoms severity. Results: Our results show that higher levels of depression are associated both to more pervasive dysfunctional attitudes and increased evaluation of meta-emotional problem. In addition, we conduct a regression analysis to disentangle the impact of the two different measures of depressive symptoms (i.e., BDI-II and CES-D) with two explanatory variables (dysfunctional attitudes and meta-emotional problem). Results show that meta-emotional problem remains a significant and robust predictor of the severity of depressive symptomatology, while dysfunctional beliefs has a rather weak and non-significant relation with the criterion. In other words, meta-emotional problem consistently explains the higher variance of depressive symptoms than dysfunctional beliefs. In conclusion, our study shows a clear link between meta-emotional problem and depression severity. This is relevant for clinical practice, as it highlights the importance of specifically targeting beliefs about the depressive condition in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression, since they represent crucial factors maintaining depressive symptomatologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Visco-Comandini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Social and Development Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romano
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Petrucci
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Associazione Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Dang J, Barker P, Baumert A, Bentvelzen M, Berkman E, Buchholz N, Buczny J, Chen Z, De Cristofaro V, de Vries L, Dewitte S, Giacomantonio M, Gong R, Homan M, Imhoff R, Ismail I, Jia L, Kubiak T, Lange F, Li DY, Livingston J, Ludwig R, Panno A, Pearman J, Rassi N, Schiöth HB, Schmitt M, Sevincer AT, Shi J, Stamos A, Tan YC, Wenzel M, Zerhouni O, Zhang LW, Zhang YJ, Zinkernagel A. A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect. Soc Psychol Personal Sci 2021; 12:14-24. [PMID: 34113424 DOI: 10.1177/1948550619887702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Dang
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Paul Barker
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Baumert
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.,TUM School of Education, München, Germany
| | | | - Elliot Berkman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nita Buchholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Buczny
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Lianne de Vries
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Ran Gong
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Maaike Homan
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ismaharif Ismail
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lile Jia
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Heath Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | | | - Rita Ludwig
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Joshua Pearman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Niklas Rassi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yia-Chin Tan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wenzel
- Heath Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, University Paris Nanterre, France
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Yi-Jia Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Axel Zinkernagel
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Ebersole CR, Andrighetto L, Casini E, Chiorri C, Dalla Rosa A, Domaneschi F, Ferguson IR, Fryberger E, Giacomantonio M, Grahe JE, Joy-Gaba JA, Langford EV, Nichols AL, Panno A, Parks KP, Preti E, Richetin J, Vianello M. Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Payne, Burkley, and Stokes (2008), Study 4. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245919885609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To rule out an alternative to their structural-fit hypothesis, Payne, Burkley, and Stokes (2008) demonstrated that correlations between implicit and explicit race attitudes were weaker when participants were put under high pressure to respond without bias than when they were placed under low pressure. This effect was replicated in Italy by Vianello (2015), although the replication effect was smaller than the original effect. In the current investigation, we examined the possibility that the source of a study’s sample moderates this effect. Teams from eight universities, four in the United States and four in Italy, replicated the original study (replication N = 1,103). Although we did detect moderation by the sample’s country, it was due to a reversal of the original effect in the United States and a lack of the original effect in Italy. We discuss this curious finding and possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica Casini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Carlo Chiorri
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genova
| | - Anna Dalla Rosa
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
| | | | - Ian R. Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychology, New York University
| | | | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Jon E. Grahe
- Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University
| | | | | | | | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Human Science, European University of Rome
| | | | | | | | - Michelangelo Vianello
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
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14
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Ebersole CR, Mathur MB, Baranski E, Bart-Plange DJ, Buttrick NR, Chartier CR, Corker KS, Corley M, Hartshorne JK, IJzerman H, Lazarević LB, Rabagliati H, Ropovik I, Aczel B, Aeschbach LF, Andrighetto L, Arnal JD, Arrow H, Babincak P, Bakos BE, Baník G, Baskin E, Belopavlović R, Bernstein MH, Białek M, Bloxsom NG, Bodroža B, Bonfiglio DBV, Boucher L, Brühlmann F, Brumbaugh CC, Casini E, Chen Y, Chiorri C, Chopik WJ, Christ O, Ciunci AM, Claypool HM, Coary S, Čolić MV, Collins WM, Curran PG, Day CR, Dering B, Dreber A, Edlund JE, Falcão F, Fedor A, Feinberg L, Ferguson IR, Ford M, Frank MC, Fryberger E, Garinther A, Gawryluk K, Ashbaugh K, Giacomantonio M, Giessner SR, Grahe JE, Guadagno RE, Hałasa E, Hancock PJB, Hilliard RA, Hüffmeier J, Hughes S, Idzikowska K, Inzlicht M, Jern A, Jiménez-Leal W, Johannesson M, Joy-Gaba JA, Kauff M, Kellier DJ, Kessinger G, Kidwell MC, Kimbrough AM, King JPJ, Kolb VS, Kołodziej S, Kovacs M, Krasuska K, Kraus S, Krueger LE, Kuchno K, Lage CA, Langford EV, Levitan CA, de Lima TJS, Lin H, Lins S, Loy JE, Manfredi D, Markiewicz Ł, Menon M, Mercier B, Metzger M, Meyet V, Millen AE, Miller JK, Montealegre A, Moore DA, Muda R, Nave G, Nichols AL, Novak SA, Nunnally C, Orlić A, Palinkas A, Panno A, Parks KP, Pedović I, Pękala E, Penner MR, Pessers S, Petrović B, Pfeiffer T, Pieńkosz D, Preti E, Purić D, Ramos T, Ravid J, Razza TS, Rentzsch K, Richetin J, Rife SC, Rosa AD, Rudy KH, Salamon J, Saunders B, Sawicki P, Schmidt K, Schuepfer K, Schultze T, Schulz-Hardt S, Schütz A, Shabazian AN, Shubella RL, Siegel A, Silva R, Sioma B, Skorb L, de Souza LEC, Steegen S, Stein LAR, Sternglanz RW, Stojilović D, Storage D, Sullivan GB, Szaszi B, Szecsi P, Szöke O, Szuts A, Thomae M, Tidwell ND, Tocco C, Torka AK, Tuerlinckx F, Vanpaemel W, Vaughn LA, Vianello M, Viganola D, Vlachou M, Walker RJ, Weissgerber SC, Wichman AL, Wiggins BJ, Wolf D, Wood MJ, Zealley D, Žeželj I, Zrubka M, Nosek BA. Many Labs 5: Testing Pre-Data-Collection Peer Review as an Intervention to Increase Replicability. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245920958687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Replication studies in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If these studies use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data-collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replication studies from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) for which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection; only one of these studies had yielded a statistically significant effect ( p < .05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate the original effects. We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replication studies. We administered the RP:P and revised protocols in multiple laboratories (median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5, range = 3–9; median total sample = 1,279.5, range = 276–3,512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, following the preregistered analysis plan, we found that the revised protocols produced effect sizes similar to those of the RP:P protocols (Δ r = .002 or .014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for the revised protocols ( r = .05) was similar to that of the RP:P protocols ( r = .04) and the original RP:P replications ( r = .11), and smaller than that of the original studies ( r = .37). Analysis of the cumulative evidence across the original studies and the corresponding three replication attempts provided very precise estimates of the 10 tested effects and indicated that their effect sizes (median r = .07, range = .00–.15) were 78% smaller, on average, than the original effect sizes (median r = .37, range = .19–.50).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Corley
- Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | | | - Hans IJzerman
- LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes
- Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Ljiljana B. Lazarević
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
| | - Hugh Rabagliati
- Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Ivan Ropovik
- Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University
- Faculty of Education, University of Presov
| | - Balazs Aczel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | | | - Holly Arrow
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon
| | - Peter Babincak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov
| | | | - Gabriel Baník
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov
| | - Ernest Baskin
- Department of Food Marketing, Haub School of Business, Saint Joseph’s University
| | | | - Michael H. Bernstein
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island
| | | | | | - Bojana Bodroža
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad
| | | | - Leanne Boucher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University
| | | | | | - Erica Casini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Yiling Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
| | - Carlo Chiorri
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genova
| | | | | | | | | | - Sean Coary
- Quinlan School of Business, Loyola University Chicago
| | - Marija V. Čolić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade
| | | | | | - Chris R. Day
- Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University
| | | | - Anna Dreber
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics
- Department of Economics, University of Innsbruck
| | - John E. Edlund
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology
| | | | - Anna Fedor
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lily Feinberg
- Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Boston College
| | - Ian R. Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychology, New York University
| | - Máire Ford
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University
| | | | | | | | | | - Kayla Ashbaugh
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | - Jon E. Grahe
- Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University
| | | | - Ewa Hałasa
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
| | | | - Rias A. Hilliard
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences, and the Arts, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
| | | | - Sean Hughes
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | | | - Alan Jern
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences, and the Arts, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda M. Kimbrough
- School of Arts, Technology, Emerging Media, & Communication, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Josiah P. J. King
- Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - Marton Kovacs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Lacy E. Krueger
- Department of Psychology & Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce
| | | | - Caio Ambrosio Lage
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | | | - Hause Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Samuel Lins
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | - Jia E. Loy
- Linguistics & English Language, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Dylan Manfredi
- Marketing Department, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Madhavi Menon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Brett Mercier
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Venus Meyet
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University–Idaho
| | | | | | | | - Don A. Moore
- Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley
| | - Rafał Muda
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
| | - Gideon Nave
- Marketing Department, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Christian Nunnally
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
| | - Ana Orlić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade
| | - Anna Palinkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Human Science, European University of Rome
| | | | - Ivana Pedović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš
| | | | | | | | - Boban Petrović
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Danka Purić
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
| | - Tiago Ramos
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | - Timothy S. Razza
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University
| | | | | | - Sean C. Rife
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University
| | - Anna Dalla Rosa
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
| | | | - Janos Salamon
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Kathleen Schmidt
- School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
| | | | - Thomas Schultze
- Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen
- Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz-Hardt
- Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen
- Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rachel L. Shubella
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences, and the Arts, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
| | | | - Rúben Silva
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | - Barbara Sioma
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
| | - Lauren Skorb
- Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Boston College
| | | | - Sara Steegen
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven
| | - L. A. R. Stein
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island
- Rhode Island Training School, Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth and Families
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Szecsi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Orsolya Szöke
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Attila Szuts
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Manuela Thomae
- MEU - Die Multiversität
- Diploma University of Applied Sciences
| | | | - Carly Tocco
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York
| | | | | | - Wolf Vanpaemel
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven
| | | | - Michelangelo Vianello
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
| | | | - Maria Vlachou
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven
| | | | | | - Aaron L. Wichman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University
| | | | - Daniel Wolf
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg
| | | | - David Zealley
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University–Idaho
| | - Iris Žeželj
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
| | - Mark Zrubka
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam
| | - Brian A. Nosek
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
- Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, Virginia
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15
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Salvati M, Pellegrini V, Giacomantonio M, De Cristofaro V. Embrace the leadership challenge: The role of Gay men's internalized sexual stigma on the evaluation of others' leadership and one's own. Br J Soc Psychol 2020; 60:700-719. [PMID: 33044021 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Grounded in the framework of the gay glass ceiling, the current research investigated the effect of gay men's internalized sexual stigma (ISS) on both the perceived effectiveness of other gay men's leadership and on their self-perceived leadership effectiveness and their intention to apply to a leadership position. In three studies (N = 402), we manipulated either the leader's sexual orientation (SO) (study 1), or his adherence to traditional gender roles (TGR) (study 2), or participants' fictitious masculinity score (study 3). Our hypotheses were as follows: the leader's SO and TGR would moderate the association of gay participants' ISS with their positive attitudes towards the leader and with his leadership effectiveness; and gay participants' masculinity threat would moderate the association of their ISS with their intention to apply to a leadership position, and with their self-perceived effectiveness as potential leaders. Moderated regression analyses showed that: participants reported a more positive attitude towards a gay man (vs. heterosexual) as leader only when they had low - and not high - ISS; participants with high (vs. low) ISS perceived the masculine gay leader as more effective than the feminine gay leader; under masculinity threat, participants with high (vs. low) ISS showed less intention to apply to a leadership position. These studies provide both confirmation and novel insights into the key role of internalized sexual stigma and traditional gender roles. Indeed, these factors can strengthen and perpetuate the gay glass ceiling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvati
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pellegrini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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16
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Salvati M, Basili E, Carone N, Giacomantonio M. Italian Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Prejudice Against Immigrants Scale (PAIS): Assessment of Validity, Reliability, and Measure Invariance. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1797. [PMID: 32849061 PMCID: PMC7399087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to adapt and validate the Prejudice Against Immigrants Scale (PAIS) in the Italian context, based on the Prejudice Against Asylum Seekers Scale by Anderson (2018). The validity, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender, age, and educational levels of the scale were assessed through three sources, which involved 306 Italian individuals (Nmen = 151, 49.3%) between 18 and 60 years old. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) confirmed the two-factor solution of the original instrument by excluding two items, which were present in the previous validation study. The first factor is classical prejudice against immigrants, which maps onto theoretical derivations of classical and old-fashioned prejudices, whereas the second factor is conditional prejudice against immigrants, which maps onto theoretical derivations of subtle and modern prejudices. Findings of the multigroup CFAs demonstrated full configural and metric invariance and partial scalar invariance of the scale across gender, age, and educational level. The analyses confirmed that PAIS has high levels of reliability and criterion and construct validity, showing findings that are comparable to those of Anderson (2018). These results suggest that PAIS presents very good psychometric properties and could be considered a valid and reliable instrument to measure prejudice against immigrants, by enabling Italian researchers to detect both covert and more subtle forms of prejudice against immigrants. Limitations and further directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvati
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Carone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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17
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Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Vezzali L, Ranta M, Pacilli MG, Giacomantonio M, Pagliaro S. Conditional secondary transfer effect: The moderating role of moral credentials and prejudice. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430220940401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This survey experiment examined the role of prejudice and moral licensing as two moderators of the secondary transfer effect (STE) of positive and negative intergroup contact. We collected a quota-randomized sample of 299 majority Finns (52.6% female; experimental condition: n = 118, control condition: n = 181) in order to test whether moral credentials prevent attitude generalization (from primary towards secondary outgroup), particularly among prejudiced individuals. The results showed that STEs of both positive and negative contact were prevented among more prejudiced majority group members who had the possibility to obtain moral credentials in the moral licensing task. These results point at the unstable nature of attitude generalization in STE among prejudiced individuals and at the potential of a normative moral act to intervene into the generalization of intergroup attitudes following intergroup contact. We discuss these findings in relation to the literature on moral licensing and moral reinforcement, framing them in the context of an integration of contact research and research on morality in general.
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18
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Francescato D, Lauriola M, Giacomantonio M, Mebane ME. Do personality traits and personal values predict career efficacy and career progression of successful political women? An exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Giacomantonio M, De Cristofaro V, Panno A, Pellegrini V, Salvati M, Leone L. The mindful way out of materialism: Mindfulness mediates the association between regulatory modes and materialism. Curr Psychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Pellegrini V, De Cristofaro V, Giacomantonio M, Salvati M. Why are gay leaders perceived as ineffective? The role of the type of organization, sexual prejudice and gender stereotypes. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Salvati M, Carone N, De Cristofaro V, Giacomantonio M, Baiocco R. Support for discriminatory behaviours against immigrants in Italy: Perceived threat and positive beliefs mediate the effect of contact with immigrants. Int J Psychol 2019; 55:543-552. [PMID: 31792959 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating whether the effects of intergroup contact on support for discriminatory behaviours against immigrants was mediated by perceived threat from immigrants and positive beliefs toward immigrants. Using data from the Italian national survey on "Discrimination by Gender, Sexual Orientation and Ethnic Origin," which followed a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure, a representative sample of 5509 Italian residents (53.4% women), aged 18 to 74 years, participated. Findings showed that contact with immigrants was negatively related to perceived threat, and positively related to positive beliefs toward immigrants. Mediational analysis conducted by structural equation modelling, indicated that support for discriminatory behaviours was positively associated with perceived threat, and negatively associated with positive beliefs toward immigrants. Both variables together mediated the relationship between contact with immigrants and support for discriminatory behaviours against immigrants; individually, indirect relationships were also significant. To promote interaction between natives and immigrants by reducing the perceived threat and strengthening positive beliefs toward immigrants might lessen support for discriminatory behaviours against immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvati
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Carone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Giacomantonio M, Jordan J, Fennis BM. Intense Self-Regulatory Effort Increases Need for Conservation and Reduces Attractiveness of Energy-Requiring Rewards. Social Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Exertion of self-control produces distinct motivational consequences: the motivation to conserve energy and the motivation to seek rewards. We propose that heightened conservation inhibits reward-seeking, but only when the pursuit of the reward entails substantial energy expenditure. In two studies, we manipulated self-regulatory effort and then had participants engage in an additional task that was either easy or difficult. In Study 1, we found that self-regulatory effort tended to heighten reward-sensitivity but only when the subsequent task was easy. In Study 2, we measured pupil dilation to assess reward sensitivity while participants viewed images of rewarding stimuli. When the need to conserve was intense, we observed reduced pupil dilation for rewards that were energy-requiring but not for those that were energy-giving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bob M. Fennis
- Department of Marketing, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Marketing and International Business, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental PsychologySapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Marco Salvati
- Department of Social and Developmental PsychologySapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva APC and Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC Rome Italy
- Department of Human SciencesGuglielmo Marconi University Rome Italy
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24
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Salvati M, Piumatti G, Giacomantonio M, Baiocco R. Gender stereotypes and contact with gay men and lesbians: The mediational role of sexism and homonegativity. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvati
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Giovanni Piumatti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical EducationUniversity of Geneva, Medical School (CMU) Geneva Switzerland
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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De Dreu CKW, Giacomantonio M, Giffin MR, Vecchiato G. Psychological constraints on aggressive predation in economic contests. J Exp Psychol Gen 2018; 148:1767-1781. [PMID: 30556723 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When humans compete, they invest energy and effort to injure others and to protect against injury and exploitation. The psychology behind exploiting others and protecting against exploitation is still poorly understood and is addressed here in an incentivized economic contest game in which individuals invested in predatory attack and prey defense. Consistent with standard economic theory on production and predation, we find that individuals compete less intensely when they attack rather than defend and that attacks disproportionally often fail. We find, furthermore, 2 psychological mechanisms that restrain attack more than defense. First, individuals with stronger concern for others' welfare (Experiment 1a) and with stronger empathy (Experiment 1b) less frequently attack and when they attack, they do so less forcefully. Second, shorter decision times (Experiment 2a and Experiment 2b), along with cognitive taxation (Experiment 2b) associate with more forceful, but not with more frequent attack. Finally, investments in defense were neither predicted by other-concern and empathy, nor by decision time and cognitive taxation. Thus, individuals with stronger prosocial preferences and more deliberated decisions spent less energy on injuring others, and less often defeated their antagonists but ended-up personally wealthier. The waste of conflict can be reduced by strengthening prosocial preferences and cognitive resources available for deliberate decision-making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael R Giffin
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University
| | - Giovanni Vecchiato
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University Rome
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Schumpe BM, Bélanger JJ, Giacomantonio M, Nisa CF, Brizi A. Weapons of peace: Providing alternative means for social change reduces political violence. J Appl Soc Psychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract. Little is known about epistemic motivations affecting political ideology when people make environmental decisions. In two studies, we examined the key role that political ideology played in the relationship between need for cognitive closure (NCC) and self-reported eco-friendly behavior. Study 1: 279 participants completed the NCC, pro-environmental, and political ideology measures. Mediation analyses showed that NCC was related to less pro-environmental behavior through more right-wing political ideology. Study 2: We replicated these results with a nonstudent sample (n = 240) and both social and economic conservatism as mediators. The results of Study 2 showed that social conservatism mediated the relationship between NCC and pro-environmental behavior. Finally, NCC was associated with pro-environmental attitude through both social and economic conservatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Panno
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrus
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Ambra Brizi
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fridanna Maricchiolo
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Mannetti
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Panno A, Sarrionandia A, Lauriola M, Giacomantonio M. Alexithymia and risk preferences: Predicting risk behaviour across decision domains. Int J Psychol 2018; 54:468-477. [PMID: 29460281 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Risk-taking is a critical health factor as it plays a key role in several diseases and is related to a number of health risk factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of alexithymia in predicting risk preferences across decision domains. One hundred and thirteen participants filled out an alexithymia scale (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-TAS-20), impulsivity and venturesomeness measures (I7 scale), and-1 month later-the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events (CARE questionnaire). The hierarchical regression analyses showed that alexithymia positively predicted risk preferences in two domains: aggressive/illegal behaviour and irresponsible academic/work behaviour. The results also highlighted a significant association of the alexithymia facet, externally oriented thinking (EOT), with risky sexual activities. EOT also significantly predicted aggressive/illegal behaviour and irresponsible academic/work behaviour. The alexithymia facet, Difficulty Identifying Feelings, significantly predicted irresponsible academic/work behaviour. The results of the present study provide interesting insights into the connection between alexithymia and risk preferences across different decision domains. Implications for future studies and applied interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Panno
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ainize Sarrionandia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract. When considering how criminals should be punished, most individuals prefer retributive (i.e., punishment compensating for the harm caused by the perpetrator) over utilitarian justice (i.e., punishment with the intent to deter future crime). However, past research has found that individuals with a high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure (NCC) are more likely to endorse utilitarian punishment. In three studies, we replicated past research on the association between need for closure and utilitarian justice (Study 1), and found that this relationship is mediated by moral concerns pertaining to group unity and cohesion (Study 2). In Study 3 we examine another instance of utilitarian policy: torture. Our data provide evidence that preference for utilitarian punishment is rooted in basic moral concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacomantonio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University of Rome, “Sapienza”, Rome, Italiy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University of Rome, “Sapienza”, Rome, Italiy
| | - Conrad Baldner
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University of Rome, “Sapienza”, Rome, Italiy
| | - Arie Kruglanski
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Giacomantonio M, Jordan J, Federico F, van den Assem MJ, van Dolder D. The evil eye: Eye gaze and competitiveness in social decision making. Eur J Soc Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Leone L, Giacomantonio M, Lauriola M. Moral foundations, worldviews, moral absolutism and belief in conspiracy theories. Int J Psychol 2017; 54:197-204. [PMID: 28875576 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, we examined whether individual differences in basic moral concerns might be related to a greater endorsement of conspiracy theories. Building on the notion that conspiracy theories often deal with super-individual relevant events in which a group perspective is central, we proposed that individual differences in moral concerns pertaining to group- and community-concerns (i.e., binding moral foundations) rather than to individual well-being (i.e., individualising moral foundations) would be positively associated with conspiracy beliefs. We further hypothesised that such relations would be totally mediated by beliefs in a dangerous world and by embracing moral absolutism. We found support for these predictions in two community samples (Ns: 319; 514). Theoretical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Leone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Given the mixed conclusions on the psychometric properties of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the variety of subsets of items identified as abbreviated forms, the current study aimed to (a) further investigate the performance of single items and different combinations of items of the MAAS from within an Item Response Theory framework, (b) to expand upon existing knowledge about the coverage of the construct of the scale and its shortened versions. A sample of 914 participants (67.6% women; mean age 23.28, SD = 4.77) completed the MAAS. To fulfill the second aim of the study, of the total sample, two subsamples (N = 156 and N = 158, respectively) were administered a battery of self-report questionnaires. Analyses attested that four items of the MAAS have weak psychometric properties and that the reliability of the scale remains unchanged when these items are excluded. The relationships with several constructs (consciousness, present-time attitude, emotional intelligence, alexithymia, emotion regulation strategies, behavioral inhibition and activation, affect, anxiety, and depression) provided evidence that the scale adequately reflects the operationalization of the construct, although some facets of the construct are only partially covered. The current findings confirm that the MAAS might be slightly shortened without reducing its reliability and validity, but drastically abbreviated forms, such as the proposed five-item version, fail to maintain adequate psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Donati
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Italy
| | - Caterina Primi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
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Bilotta E, Giacomantonio M, Leone L, Mancini F, Coriale G. Being alexithymic: Necessity or convenience. Negative emotionality × avoidant coping interactions and alexithymia. Psychol Psychother 2016; 89:261-75. [PMID: 26454255 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify the associations between negative emotionality, avoidant coping, and alexithymia. We hypothesized that negative emotionality and avoidance strategies would interact negatively in associating with alexithymia. DESIGN We examined, in one study conducted in Italy and another in the US (total N = 415), the associations among avoidant coping, negative emotionality, and alexithymia, using cross-sectional designs. METHOD Study 1: Participants completed paper-and-pencil measures of alexithymia, avoidant coping, and negative emotionality. Study 2: Participants completed the above-mentioned measures plus a measure of experiential avoidance (EA), by means of an online questionnaire. RESULTS As expected, an antagonistic avoidant coping × negative emotionality interaction was found to relate to alexithymia in both studies. In Study 2, EA mediated the effects of such interaction on alexithymia (mediated moderation). The interaction found implied that alexithymia would be adopted as a defence against negative affect or as a consequence of avoidant strategies. CONCLUSIONS The studies suggested that two different psychological pathways to alexithymia may be at work: Preference for avoidance and negative emotionality. This result appeared theoretically relevant and may stimulate further research. PRACTITIONER POINTS Alexithymia may develop from habitual avoidance, regardless of negative emotionality. Practitioners could consider addressing negative emotional regulation or automatic and habitual avoidant responses in dealing with alexithymic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy.,Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Coriale
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Bélanger JJ, Schumpe BM, Lafrenière MAK, Giacomantonio M, Brizi A, Kruglanski AW. Beyond goal commitment: How expectancy shapes means evaluation. Motivation Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/mot0000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Two motivations underlying punishment can be distinguished. On the one hand, the retributive motivation prescribes that punishment should be proportional to the moral offense caused. On the other hand, according the utilitarian perspective, punishment should be aimed at protecting society by reducing the likelihood of similar infractions. Previous research did not examine whether individual differences could lead to a preference for one of the two motivations. We propose that high need for closure could be associated with higher utilitarian motivation because of its general concern for group related consequences of violations. In support of our hypothesis, in Study 1 we found that individuals high in need for closure endorsed to a greater extent a zero-tolerance policy rather than a proportional one. Study 2 further showed that closed-minded individuals sought more information related to the utilitarian, rather than the retributive perspective, when judging a violation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza,” Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza,” Italy
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Akinloye OW, Truong W, Giacomantonio M, Mateos D, El-Naggar W. Coexistence of meconium ileus with duodenal atresia and trisomy 21 in a newborn: a case report. J Perinatol 2014; 34:875-6. [PMID: 25359414 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of duodenal atresia (DA) may mask the antenatal ultrasound findings of meconium ileus (MI) and delay its postnatal diagnosis. We report a rare case of MI in a newborn infant diagnosed antenatally to have trisomy 21 and DA. The diagnosis of MI was only established intraoperatively after the patient showed persistent signs of intestinal obstruction following the surgical repair of the DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O W Akinloye
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - W Truong
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Giacomantonio
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D Mateos
- Department of Respirology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - W El-Naggar
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Mannetti L, Brizi A, Giacomantonio M, Higgins ET. Framing political messages to fit the audience's regulatory orientation: how to improve the efficacy of the same message content. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77040. [PMID: 24130831 PMCID: PMC3793964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigates how the impact of persuasive messages in the political domain can be improved when fit is created by subliminally priming recipients’ regulatory focus (either promotion or prevention) and by linguistic framing of the message (either strategic approach framing or strategic avoidance framing). Results of two studies show that regulatory fit: a) increases the impact of a political message favoring nuclear energy on implicit attitudes of the target audience (Study 1); and b) induces a more positive evaluation of, and intentions to vote for, the political candidate who is delivering a message concerning immigration policies (Study 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mannetti
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Ambra Brizi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Tory Higgins
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Pierro A, Giacomantonio M, Kruglanski AW, van Knippenberg D. Follower need for cognitive closure as moderator of the effectiveness of leader procedural fairness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2013.781269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pierro A, Giacomantonio M, Pica G, Giannini AM, Kruglanski AW, Higgins ET. Persuading drivers to refrain from speeding: Effects of message sidedness and regulatory fit. Accid Anal Prev 2013; 50:917-925. [PMID: 22882878 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Building on regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000, 2005), we tested whether two-sided ads were more effective than one-sided ads in changing intentions toward driving behavior when message recipients were high in assessment orientation rather than locomotion orientation. In one study either a locomotion or an assessment orientation were situationally induced (Study 1) and in another study these different orientations were chronic predispositions (Study 2). As predicted, both studies found that for participants high in assessment, two-sided ads were more effective than one-sided ads, as reflected in stronger engagement with the persuasive message and stronger intentions to reduce driving speed. In contrast, for participants high in locomotion, one-sided ads were more effective than two-sided ads. There was also evidence that the fit effect on intentions to comply was mediated by strength of engagement with the message. Implications for persuasion concerning driving behaviors are discussed.
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Pierro A, Giacomantonio M, Mannetti L, Higgins TE, Kruglanski AW. Leaders as Planners and Movers: Supervisors' Regulatory Modes and Subordinates' Performance. J Appl Soc Psychol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pierro A, Giacomantonio M, Pica G, Kruglanski AW, Higgins ET. On the psychology of time in action: regulatory mode orientations and procrastination. J Pers Soc Psychol 2012; 101:1317-31. [PMID: 22103579 DOI: 10.1037/a0025943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Six studies explored the relations of the regulatory modes of locomotion and assessment to individuals' tendency toward procrastination. Across academic and organizational contexts, and a variety of ways of assessing procrastination, the authors found assessment to be positively related to procrastination and locomotion to be negatively related to procrastination. Discussion considered implications of these findings to task environments that may instill the tendencies toward locomotion or assessment and to task requirements where timeliness and punctuality are (or are not) prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy.
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Abstract
Everyday actions such as writing have been proven to produce consistent mental schemata, which are used to represent social interactions. The preference for depicting the agent of an action to the left of the recipient is known as the spatial agency bias (SAB) and has been related to writing direction. The question which we addressed through two studies is whether the mental construal level (CL) affects this embodied bias. We hypothesized that high-CL (vs. low-CL) priming increases the SAB, as it promotes the use of an abstract mental schema to represent the situation. We found that, when asked to depict two interacting targets, participants in a high-CL condition were more likely to adopt a left-to-right representation (Studies 1 and 2). In contrast, under low-CL, participants were more likely to follow the trajectory suggested by contextual details (Study 2). These findings shed light on boundary conditions for the SAB.
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Giacomantonio M, De Dreu CK, Shalvi S, Sligte D, Leder S. Psychological distance boosts value-behavior correspondence in ultimatum bargaining and integrative negotiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mannetti L, Giacomantonio M, Higgins ET, Pierro A, Kruglanski AW. Tailoring visual images to fit: Value creation in persuasive messages. Eur J Soc Psychol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Rectal prolapse in children is not uncommon, but surgery is rarely indicated. In mentally challenged adults and children, rectal prolapse occurs more frequently than in the general population and often requires surgical intervention in the second to third decade of life. The authors describe 3 children with autism and mental retardation who presented with rectal prolapse at an earlier age than would be anticipated with mental retardation alone. All 3 children required surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Van Heest
- Department of General Surgery, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Abstract
For non-operative management of splenic injuries in children, questions remain as regards imaging, length of hospital stay, and follow-up. We reviewed our experience concerning these issues over the past 15 years. The charts of all children with splenic injuries from January 1983 to December 1998 were reviewed. All computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed and classified according to degree of splenic injury. Fisher's exact test and a linear regression model were used to analyze data. Sixty-nine males and 23 females under 16 years of age were identified; 57 (62%) had CT scans; 8 underwent a laparotomy; and 6 (6.5%) died. Age, on hemoglobin admission, and duration of intensive-care-unit stay were significantly related to hospital stay (median 8 days). Motor vehicle-pedestrian-related injuries correlated significantly with mortality. CT class did not correlate with mortality (P = 0.68) or hospital stay (P = 0.2). Follow-up data were available for 66 patients, 36 of them with imaging. Follow-up imaging did not impact on clinical decisions and no late sequelae were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Shanafey
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, IWK Grace Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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48
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Abstract
Cervical teratomas are uncommon neoplasms. Although these lesions are histologically benign they are usually large and may cause airway obstruction. Cervical teratomas are usually diagnosed at birth. In-utero diagnosis is possible by prenatal ultrasound which assists in planning early airway management and surgical intervention. Mortality is significant but prognosis is good with airway control and complete surgical excision. However, pressure injury of contiguous structures can limit resectability and adversely affect outcome. Malignant cervical teratoma with metastasis has been reported mostly arising in adults with poor outcome. We present nine cases of neonatal cervical teratoma identified at two institutions between 1984 and 1996. One patient died before surgical intervention. All others underwent resection. There was one intraoperative death and one postoperative death. The remaining six patients did well postoperatively with no significant sequelae with 3 to 14 years follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Elmasalme
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Femoral herniae are uncommon in children and easily misdiagnosed. To evaluate performance with femoral hernia in children, the authors reviewed their experience for the past two decades. METHODS All patients under 15 years of age with femoral hernia (January 1977 to January 1998) were reviewed. Age, gender, presentation, surgical findings and procedure, and previous repair were recorded. RESULTS There were nine girls (53%) and eight boys (47%). Age range was 2 to 15 years. Thirteen were right side (77%), three were left side (18%), and one was bilateral (6%). All presented with a recurrent lump in the groin, one with incarceration. Duration of symptoms ranged from 1 day to 3 years (median, 3 months). Six cases were diagnosed correctly preoperatively (35%); the others were thought to be either an inguinal hernia or recurrent inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS Femoral hernia in childhood is a challenging clinical problem because of its rarity and similar clinical presentation as indirect inguinal hernia. The frequency with which an incidental indirect inguinal hernia sac or patent processus vaginalis can be found at surgery can perpetuate a misdiagnosis. The absence of an expected indirect inguinal hernia sac or an apparent recurrence of an indirect inguinal hernia should lead to consideration of a possible femoral hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Shanafey
- Division of Pediatric General Surgery, IWK Grace Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Webber
- Section of Pediatric General Surgery, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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