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Kim JP, Suh EM. Preference for depth versus breadth in social relationships: Childhood socioeconomic background matters. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:473-487. [PMID: 35975730 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the need for social connection is fundamental, people approach this need through different strategies. Drawing from life history theory, the current research explored whether individuals' early-life experiences are associated with narrow/deep (depth), or broad/shallow (breadth) approach to social relationships. Three studies revealed that participants' childhood socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with perception of economic instability to create diverging preferences in social relationship pattern. Specifically, when economic instability was salient (chronic belief, Study 1; experimentally primed, Studies 2 and 3), individuals from lower-SES childhood preferred a narrower and deeper social network, whereas those from higher-SES childhood preferred a broader and shallower network. Taken together, the present research offers a novel understanding of depth- versus breadth-focused approach to social relationships from the perspective of life history theory.
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Tuominen M, Tikkanen J. Adolescent social capital: An intergenerational resource? J Adolesc 2023; 95:1420-1434. [PMID: 37430438 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is abundant literature about the benefits of social capital in youth, but less is known of the origins of social capital. This study explores whether adolescents' social capital is shaped by their parents' social capital, their family's socioeconomic status (SES), and the socioeconomic profile of their neighborhood. METHODS The study uses cross-sectional survey data gathered from 12 to 13-year-old adolescents and their parents (n = 163) in Southwest Finland. For the analysis, adolescents' social capital was disaggregated into four dimensions: social networks, social trust, tendency to receive help, and tendency to provide help. Parents' social capital was measured both directly (parents' self-reports) and indirectly (adolescents' perceptions of their parents' sociability). The associations with the hypothesized predictors were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The results suggest that social capital is not directly intergenerationally transmissible the way some biologically heritable traits are. Yet, parents' social capital shapes youngsters' perception of their sociability, and that, in turn, predicts each dimension of adolescents' social capital. Family SES is positively related to young people's reciprocal tendency, but the pathway flows indirectly through parents' social capital and adolescents' perception of parents' sociability. Conversely, a disadvantaged socioeconomic neighborhood is directly negatively associated with adolescents' social trust and tendency to receive help. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that, in the studied Finnish, relatively egalitarian context, social capital is (at least partly) transmissible from parents to children, not directly, but indirectly through the mechanism of social learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Tuominen
- Department of Social Research, INVEST Research Flagship Center/NetResilience, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Tikkanen
- Department of Education, Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Hula A, Moutoussis M, Will GJ, Kokorikou D, Reiter AM, Ziegler G, Bullmore ED, Jones PB, Goodyer I, Fonagy P, Montague PR, Dolan RJ. Multi-Round Trust Game Quantifies Inter-Individual Differences in Social Exchange from Adolescence to Adulthood. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 5:102-118. [PMID: 35656356 PMCID: PMC7612797 DOI: 10.5334/cpsy.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Investing in strangers in a socio-economic exchange is risky, as we may be uncertain whether they will reciprocate. Nevertheless, the potential rewards for cooperating can be great. Here, we used a cross sectional sample (n = 784) to study how the challenges of cooperation versus defection are negotiated across an important period of the lifespan: from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 14 to 25). We quantified social behaviour using a multi round investor-trustee task, phenotyping individuals using a validated model whose parameters characterise patterns of real exchange and constitute latent social characteristics. We found highly significant differences in investment behaviour according to age, sex, socio-economic status and IQ. Consistent with the literature, we showed an overall trend towards higher trust from adolescence to young adulthood but, in a novel finding, we characterized key cognitive mechanisms explaining this, especially regarding socio-economic risk aversion. Males showed lower risk-aversion, associated with greater investments. We also found that inequality aversion was higher in females and, in a novel relation, that socio-economic deprivation was associated with more risk averse play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hula
- Austrian Insitute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geert-Jan Will
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea M Reiter
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - E D Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Anna Freud Centre, London, United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - P Read Montague
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Human Neuroimaging Laboratory, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America; Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
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Chang L, Liu YY, Lu HJ, Lansford JE, Bornstein MH, Steinberg L, Deater‐Deckard K, Rothenberg WA, Skinner AT, Dodge KA. Slow Life History Strategies and Increases in Externalizing and Internalizing Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:595-607. [PMID: 34448293 PMCID: PMC8594561 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is but one of many instances of environmental adversities that have recurred in human history. Biobehavioral resource allocation strategies, known as fast (reproduction-focused) versus slow (development-focused) life history (LH) tradeoff strategies, evolved to deal with environmental challenges such as infectious diseases. Based on 141 young people and their mothers observed prior to (ages 9 and 13) and during (age 20) COVID-19, we investigated longitudinal relations involving slow LH strategies. The results support the adaptive role of slow LH strategies in reducing COVID-related increases in externalizing problems. In addition, the effect of early adversity on COVID-related increases in externalizing was mediated, and the effect on COVID-related increases in internalizing was moderated, by slow LH strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
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Guillou L, Grandin A, Chevallier C. Temporal discounting mediates the relationship between socio-economic status and social trust. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202104. [PMID: 34168889 PMCID: PMC8220284 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social trust and income are associated both within and across countries, such that higher income typically correlates with increased trust. While this correlation is well-documented, the psychological mechanisms sustaining this relationship remain poorly understood. One plausible candidate is people's temporal discounting: on the one hand, trust has a strong time component-it exposes the individual to immediate costs in exchange of uncertain and delayed benefits; on the other hand, temporal discounting is robustly influenced by income. The goal of our studies was to test whether temporal discounting mediates the relationship between income and trust and whether experimentally manipulating perceived income has a downstream impact on temporal discounting and trust. To do so, participants who underestimated their relative income position received information about their true position in the income distribution in order to correct their misperception. Our results indicate that temporal discounting partially mediates the effect of income on social trust in a pre-registered online study on British participants (N = 855). However, receiving a positive information shock on one's income position had no impact on either temporal discounting or social trust. In a second pre-registered study, we replicated the finding that temporal discounting partially mediates the effect of income on social trust in a representative sample of the British population (N = 1130).
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Guillou
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Grandin
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et computationnelles, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, INSERM U960 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Chevallier
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et computationnelles, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, INSERM U960 Paris, France
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Stamos A, McLaughlin J, Bruyneel S, Dewitte S. A preregistered study of the relationship between childhood socioeconomic background, life history strategies and conformity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hou Y, Gao M, Huang L, Wang Q. Air Pollution Reduces Interpersonal Trust: The Roles of Emotion and Emotional Susceptibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115631. [PMID: 34070334 PMCID: PMC8197547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, yet little is known about how air pollution affects psychosocial functioning in everyday life. We conducted three studies that utilized experimental methods and web crawler technology to examine the effect of hazy environmental conditions on perceived interpersonal trust, and to investigate the roles of emotion and emotional susceptibility in mediating or moderating the negative impact of air pollution. In Study 1, participants were presented with landscape photos that showed either hazy scenes or clear scenes. Those who viewed photos of hazy scenes reduced their levels of interpersonal trust. In Study 2, emotion data were collected from social media with web crawler technology, in connection with meteorological monitoring data during the same period. Hazy conditions were associated with reduced expressions of positive emotion on social media, whereas clearer conditions were associated with enhanced positive emotional expressions. In Study 3, we simulated Weibo communications in the laboratory. The findings showed that emotional susceptibility moderated the negative effect of hazy conditions on interpersonal trust, and negative emotion mediated the effect of hazy conditions on interpersonal trust. The findings advance the understanding of the impact of air pollution on interpersonal trust and social relations and the associated psychological mechanisms and boundary conditions. They have important real-life implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Hou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.G.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Meiqi Gao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Lianqiong Huang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
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Li J, Zhang M, Li Y, Huang F, Shao W. Predicting Students' Attitudes Toward Collaboration: Evidence From Structural Equation Model Trees and Forests. Front Psychol 2021; 12:604291. [PMID: 33841240 PMCID: PMC8033009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.604291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shed some light on the importance of associated factors of collaborative attitudes. However, most previous studies aimed to explore the influence of these factors in isolation. With the strategy of data-driven decision making, the current study applied two data mining methods to elucidate the most significant factors of students' attitudes toward collaboration and group students to draw a concise model, which is beneficial for educators to focus on key factors and make effective interventions at a lower cost. Structural equation model trees (SEM trees) and structural equation model forests (SEM forests) were applied to the Program for International Student Assessment 2015 dataset (a total of 9,769 15-year-old students from China). By establishing the most important predictors and the splitting rules, these methods constructed multigroup common factor models of collaborative attitudes. The SEM trees showed that home educational resources (split by "above-average or not"), home possessions (split by "disadvantaged or not"), mother's education (split by "below high school or not"), and gender (split by "male or female") were the most important predictors among the demographic variables, drawing a 5-group model. Among all the predictors, achievement motivation (split by "above-average or not") and sense of belonging at school (split by "above-average or not" and "disadvantaged or not") were the most important, drawing a 6-group model. The SEM forest findings proved the relative importance of these variables. This paper discusses various interpretations of these results and their implications for educators to formulate corresponding interventions. Methodologically, this research provides a data mining approach to discover important information from large-scale educational data, which might be a complementary approach to enhance data-driven decision making in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Kay CS. Actors of the most fiendish character: Explaining the associations between the Dark Tetrad and conspiracist ideation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Souza DDH, Suárez S, Koenig MA. Selective Trust and Theory of Mind in Brazilian Children: Effects of Socioeconomic Background. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2020.1867553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Zhu N, Lu HJ, Chang L. Trust as social investment: A life-history model of environmental effects on ingroup and outgroup trust. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Li H, Song Y, Xie X. Altruistic or selfish? Responses when safety is threatened depend on childhood socioeconomic status. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Tencent Technology (Beijing) Company Limited Beijing China
| | - Xiaofei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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Disadvantaged early-life experience negatively predicts prosocial behavior: The roles of Honesty-Humility and dispositional trust among Chinese adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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