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Gu Y, Waters TEA, Zhu V, Jamieson B, Lim D, Schmitt G, Atkinson L. Attachment expectations moderate links between social support and maternal adjustment from 6 to 18 months postpartum. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38273665 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Significant links exist between one's perception of available social support and mental health outcomes, including during the transition to motherhood. Yet, attachment theory posits that individuals do not benefit equally from social support. As such, we examined the influence of attachment representations (i.e., secure base script knowledge) as they potentially moderate links between social support and psychological distress in a 1-year longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse (56% White) sample of infant-mother dyads. We hypothesized that higher social support would predict lower maternal psychological distress and this relation would be strongest in those with higher secure base script knowledge. Results indicated that maternal perceptions of social support were significantly negatively correlated with psychological distress. Analyses revealed that secure base script scores significantly moderated these associations. Interestingly, for those high in script knowledge, low social support predicted greater psychological distress. For those low in script knowledge, social support was unrelated to psychological distress. This pattern suggested that those who expect care (i.e., high secure base script knowledge) but receive minimal support (i.e., low perceived social support) find motherhood uniquely dysregulating. Practitioners may do well to examine individuals' attachment expectations in relation to their current social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Gu
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore E A Waters
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Zhu
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brittany Jamieson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Lim
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Petrova K, Gross JJ. The Future of Emotion Regulation Research: Broadening Our Field of View. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:609-616. [PMID: 38156255 PMCID: PMC10751286 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, emotion regulation research has matured into a vibrant and rapidly growing field (in 2022 alone, more than 30 thousand papers were published on emotion regulation). Taking stock of our progress, we ask "What does the future hold?" In this manuscript, we offer a roadmap for the next generation of research on emotion regulation. We begin by painting a picture of the field's journey so far. We then outline a forward-looking agenda for broadening our field of view along three key dimensions: (1) increasing our resolution to see how regulatory strategies are flexibly and dynamically translated into tactics; (2) widening our viewing angle to embrace interpersonal emotion regulation; and (3) extending the timescale of emotion regulation research to examine how regulatory efforts are fine-tuned across the regulatory cycle and in the context of a broader range of affective experiences. In doing so, we highlight empirical studies that exemplify these three areas of focus and discuss the opportunities that lie before us. We close by offering a set of concrete practical and methodological recommendations for how the field can accomplish the goals we have outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Petrova
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Sahin NH, Tasso AF, Guler M. Attachment and emotional regulation: examining the role of prefrontal cortex functions, executive functions, and mindfulness in their relationship. Cogn Process 2023; 24:619-631. [PMID: 37368059 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Attachment is a prominent area of psychological research, with its relevance linked to executive functions, mindfulness, and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study is to examine this relationship among these aforementioned four constructs and propose a model to be tested in the future. Based on the current trends using the Interpersonal Neurobiology approach, which assumes prefrontal cortex functions to include other socioemotional resources such as empathy, morality, insight, behavior, and body regulation. Our study included prefrontal cortical functions alongside executive functions. The assessment instruments used were Attachment-Based Cognitive Representations Scale, Prefrontal Cortex Functions Scale, Webexec, Five Facet Mindfulness Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We hypothesized that attachment would be the strongest predictor of emotional regulation. The participants in the study were 539 college students (mean = 20.21; sd = 1.57); (68% female and 32%, male). Our a priori research hypothesis was supported, with an additional finding that trait mindfulness was also a significant predictor. The strongest correlations with attachment styles were with trait mindfulness and emotional regulation. We conducted path analyses of two different models for secure and insecure attachment. The path analyses showed that secure attachment scores were negatively related, and insecure attachment scores were positively related to difficulties in emotional regulation scores. Furthermore, trait mindfulness and prefrontal cortex functions also mediated this relationship. However, there was no significant relationship between executive functions and difficulties in emotional regulation scores, even though it was significantly related to attachment. Results and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Hisli Sahin
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, USA.
| | - Anthony F Tasso
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, USA
| | - Murat Guler
- Department of Business Administration, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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Zhao Y, Wang N, Niu J, Li X, Zhang L. Psychometric Properties of Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire for Chinese College Students: Gender Differences and Implications for Well-Being. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:507. [PMID: 37366759 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrapersonal emotion dysregulation has been found to be a transdiagnostic predictor in the development of almost all affective disorders. Interpersonal resources are also involved in achieving people's emotion regulation goals. The Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire (IRQ) has been developed to assess the tendency and efficacy of people using external resources to help manage their emotions. Under the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of interpersonal emotion regulation in individuals' adjustment and well-being remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the optimal factor structure of the IRQ in Chinese culture using an exploratory structural equation modeling approach and to examine the associations between interpersonal emotion regulation, tested by the IRQ, and young people's intrapersonal emotion dysregulation and social and emotional well-being. The sample consisted of 556 college students aged from 17 to 31 from Mainland China. Factor analyses suggested that the four-factor structure was the optimal model for the current data. Females reported a higher tendency to use external resources to regulate their negative emotions and higher efficacy in regulating negative emotions. The Chinese version of the IRQ (C-IRQ) presented adequate psychometric properties and would be a useful tool for measuring interpersonal emotion regulation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhao
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Niu Wang
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jiahui Niu
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Emotional and experiential factors that determine civilizational diseases. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2023. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr/159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe effects of adverse childhood experiences may persist in adult life and manifest themselves in various areas of function-ing. The aim of the study was to identify the emotional and experiential factors that determine civilizational diseases and the methods of regulating emotions and functioning in society.Participants and procedureThe surveyed group was composed of 141 adults. The respondents defined the existence of adverse experiences and their attachment styles in retrospective. The methods of regulating emotions were also measured, as well as the presence of civilizational diseases.ResultsThe authors found a correlation between the style of attachment and the traumatic events experienced during the first 18 years of life and the existence of civilizational diseases. Adverse experiences in childhood and attachment styles proved to be predictors of specific social behaviour aimed at regulating emotions.ConclusionsThe results emphasised the importance of the bond with a parent and of traumatic childhood experiences for the future health condition and for the social and emotional functioning. The study demonstrated that persons who experienced traumatic events in their families or in the peer environment in the first 18 years of their lives reported the presence of civilizational diseases. A correlation was found between peer violence, the threat of being abandoned by a caregiver, and diagnosed civilizational diseases in respondents. The fearful-ambivalent style in the relationship with the father proved to be a predictor of reported civilizational diseases. Adverse childhood experiences are linked to regulating emotions by tak-ing perspective. The attachment style developed in the relationship with parents determined the ways of regulating nega-tive and positive emotions in contact with other people. Persons who developed an avoidant attachment style in the rela-tionships with the mother or the father less frequently seek social support when they experience negative emotions.
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Brugnera A, Zarbo C, Scalabrini A, Compare A, Mucci C, Carrara S, Tasca GA, Hewitt P, Greco A, Poletti B, Esposito R, Cattafi F, Zullo C, Lo Coco G. Attachment anxiety, reflective functioning and well-being as predictors of burn-out and psychological distress among psychotherapists: A longitudinal study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 36610037 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to longitudinally investigate the effects of individual's factors on subsequent burn-out/psychological distress in a sample of mental health practitioners, testing if higher attachment anxiety and avoidance and lower reflective functioning (i.e., certainty and uncertainty of mental states) and well-being at baseline may lead to a greater psychological distress and burn-out 1 year later. METHODS The sample consisted of 40 experienced psychotherapists (females: 72.5%; mean age: 47.40 ± 9.48 years) who completed a battery of questionnaires at baseline and 1 year later. Statistical analyses were conducted with Bayesian multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Greater attachment anxiety and certainty about mental states and lower individual's well-being at baseline predicted greater burn-out 1 year later. Similarly, greater attachment anxiety and lower individual's well-being at baseline predicted psychological distress at 1 year follow-up. Of note, uncertainty of mental states and avoidant attachment were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the levels of burn-out and psychological distress among psychotherapists may be alleviated with interventions targeting attachment insecurity, specific aspects of reflective functioning (i.e., certainty about mental states) and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Clara Mucci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Paul Hewitt
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosy Esposito
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cattafi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Claudio Zullo
- U.O.C. of Clinical Psychology, Local Health Authority 1 of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Cheng W, Huang J, Xie J. Facades of conformity: a values-regulation strategy links employees’ insecure attachment styles and task performance. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Psychometric properties of interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire in Turkish adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yu T, Hu J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zhao J. Psychological maltreatment and depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A multiple mediation model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105940. [PMID: 36368166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are at risk of depression, and recent studies also found a high prevalence of depression among Chinese adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the risk and protective factors of depression among Chinese adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study examined the direct effect of psychological maltreatment on depression symptoms in adolescents and the mediating roles of emotion regulation and social support in their relationship. METHOD Data were collected from Chinese senior high school students (N = 687, 36.5 % males and 63.5 % females, Mage = 16.44 years, SD = 0.78) who completed the measures of psychological maltreatment, depression symptoms, perceived social support, and emotion regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. RESULTS The results indicated that: (a) psychological maltreatment was positively correlated with depression symptoms; (b) the two emotion regulation strategies and perceived social support partially mediated the link between psychological maltreatment and depression symptoms separately; (c) the two emotion regulation strategies and perceived social support partially mediated the link between psychological maltreatment and depression symptoms in a sequential pattern. CONCLUSION Psychological maltreatment was positively associated with depression symptoms in adolescents. Emotion regulation and perceived social support both significantly mediated the relationship between psychological maltreatment and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian city 116029, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian city 116029, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian city 116029, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Longfei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian city 116029, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian city 116029, Liaoning Province, China
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Brock RL, Harp NR, Neta M. Interpersonal emotion regulation mitigates the link between trait neuroticism and a more negative valence bias. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 196:111726. [PMID: 35755301 PMCID: PMC9221810 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that trait neuroticism is associated with enhanced attention to and perception of negative emotional stimuli, increasing the risk for multiple forms of psychopathology including depression and anxiety. However, modifiable factors such as certain forms of emotion regulation have the potential to weaken this association. In a large sample (N = 1252), we investigated the link between neuroticism and valence bias in response to stimuli that have the potential for both positive and negative interpretations and examined the moderating role of interpersonal emotion regulation. Primary tests of hypotheses demonstrated that increased neuroticism was associated with a more negative valence bias in response to ambiguity, but only for individuals who are less likely to rely on interpersonal resources to regulate negative affect. Supplemental analyses suggest that this moderation effect of interpersonal emotion regulation might depend on the nature of the stimuli, and that regulation of positive emotions-not just negative affect-can also contribute to a less negative valence bias. Taken together, results suggest that individuals who are high in neuroticism, but consistently rely on interpersonal relationships to regulate their emotions, are better able to override the bias toward negativity that can occur when appraising ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of Psychology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America
| | - Nicholas R. Harp
- Department of Psychology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America
| | - Maital Neta
- Department of Psychology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America
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Uccula A, Enna M, Mulatti C. Responding to Distress Choosing Between Care and Food: Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:930168. [PMID: 35936249 PMCID: PMC9350510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
According to attachment theory, care-seeking is the primary coping strategy in threatening situations. However, anxious and avoidant individuals often use secondary regulation strategies. The purpose of this study was to test whether, in a potentially threatening situation, the participants' attachment orientation affects whether they prefer to resort to care or food to regulate their negative emotions. Ninety-two participants took part in an experimental situation in which they had to choose between pictures of care or food, following the presentation of threatening images randomly alternating with neutral ones. Results showed that care pictures were chosen to a greater extent in the threatening condition compared to the food pictures and the neutral condition, without distinction of attachment orientation. In addition, in threatening condition, anxious individuals chose to care less than non-anxious individuals. Finally, avoidant participants chose care pictures to a lesser extent than individuals low on avoidance in the neutral condition, but not in the threatening condition. In conclusion, attachment anxiety was associated with more difficulty in the choice of representation of care in a threatening condition, while avoidant individuals show their defensive strategies in the neutral condition rather than in the threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Uccula
- Department of History, Human Sciences and Education, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Arcangelo Uccula
| | - Mauro Enna
- Department of History, Human Sciences and Education, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Mulatti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Leaders’ Emotion Regulation and the Influence of Respect and Entitlement on Employee Silence. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous researchers have examined leaders’ behavior in promoting employee voice, so far, there have been limited empirical studies in interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) and employee silence literature. This study aims to investigate how leaders’ IER can break the barrier of employee silence through examining the mediating roles of perceived mutual recognition respect and psychological entitlement. To enhance sustainable organization practices, this may be the first study that identifies leaders’ IER strategies as an effective communication tool for diminishing employee silence. By collecting data from 315 management employees in Pakistan, the hypothesized relationships were tested using path analysis and bootstrapping technique with AMOS. Our findings support the mediating role of mutual recognition respect and psychological entitlement in leaders’ IER and employee silence relationship. More specifically, while mutual recognition respect mediates the relationship between leaders’ problem-focused strategies and employee silence, psychological entitlement mediates the association of both problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies with employee silence. In line with the research findings, we have highlighted some notable theoretical contributions and managerial implications. Further, we present limitations and future research directions.
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Fu W, Wang L, He X, Chen H, He J. Subjective Well-being of Special Education Teachers in China: The Relation of Social Support and Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:802811. [PMID: 35242080 PMCID: PMC8886121 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.802811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the relationship of social support, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being of special education teachers in China, 496 teachers from 67 special education schools were surveyed by questionnaire. We found that (1) the subjective well-being of special education teachers in China was in the medial level. (2) There were significant differences in subjective well-being level among teachers of different genders, teacher position, education background, and teaching age. Male teachers were of higher subjective well-being; subjective well-being of head teachers was lower than those were not head teachers; teachers with the educational background of postgraduate were of higher relaxation and tension than those with junior college educational background; the control scores of emotion and behavior of teachers with teaching age of 3 years and below were significantly lower than those of teachers with teaching age of more than 10 years. (3) Self-efficacy played a partially mediating role in the relationship between social support and subjective well-being of special education teachers. Suggestions to improve the subjective well-being of special education teachers were discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqian Fu
- School of Special Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaohan He
- School of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jiping He
- School of Special Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Akkuş K, Peker M. Exploring the Relationship Between Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Social Anxiety Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021; 46:287-301. [PMID: 34413552 PMCID: PMC8364411 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) and social anxiety symptoms and the mediating role of negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE). We hypothesised that IER is positively associated with social anxiety symptoms, controlling for depression and intrapersonal emotion regulation strategies of suppression and reappraisal, and NMRE mediate this relationship. Methods Study 1 was conducted with a student sample (N = 400) and Study 2 included a community sample with 271 participants. Results Study 1 showed that, of four IER strategies, soothing and social modeling were positively, and perspective-taking was negatively related to social anxiety symptoms controlling for depression, suppression and reappraisal. Study 2 replicated these findings and extended them by showing the mediated relationship between the two IER strategies (i.e. enhancing positive affect and soothing) and social anxiety symptoms through NMRE. Conclusions The results contribute to the limited research on IER by portraying its relationship with social anxiety symptoms and revealing the mediating role of NMRE in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Akkuş
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Bornova, 35030 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Peker
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Bornova, 35030 Izmir, Turkey
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Interpersonal and intrapersonal emotion regulation strategies: How do they interact and influence fear of negative evaluation? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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