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Colombo B, Hamilton A, Telazzi I, Balzarotti S. The relationship between cognitive reserve and the spontaneous use of emotion regulation strategies in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023:10.1007/s40520-023-02424-9. [PMID: 37142942 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies reported cognitive reserve (CR) as an important factor in promoting healthy aging within a non-clinical aging population. AIMS The main goal of the present study is to investigate the link between higher levels of CR and more effective emotion regulation. In more detail, we examine the association between a number of CR proxies and the habitual use of two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression. METHODS Three hundred and ten older adults aged between 60 and 75 (mean = 64.45, SD = 4.37; 69.4% female) joined this cross-sectional study by filling out self-report measures of CR and emotion regulation.² RESULTS: Reappraisal and suppression use were correlated. Practicing different leisure activities constantly over many years, being more original and having a higher education promoted more frequent use of cognitive reappraisal. These CR proxies were also significantly related to suppression use, even though the percentage of variance explained was lower. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Exploring the role played by the cognitive reserve on different emotion regulation techniques can be useful in understanding which variables predict the use of antecedent-focused (reappraisal) or response-focused (suppression) emotion regulation strategies in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 S Willard St, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Adam Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 S Willard St, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Ilaria Telazzi
- Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Balzarotti
- Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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2
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Alinajimi F, Deldar Z, Dehghani M, Khatibi A. Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between family caregivers' pain-related beliefs and patients' coping strategies. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:983350. [PMID: 36824059 PMCID: PMC9941146 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.983350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In order to tailor more effective interventions and minimize the burden of chronic pain, it is critical to identify the interaction and contribution of social and psychological factors in pain. One of the important psychological factors in pain management is related to the choice of pain coping strategies in chronic pain patients. Social resources, including family caregivers' pain attitudes-beliefs, can influence pain coping strategies in chronic pain patients. Moreover, one key factor that may intervene in the relationship between caregivers' pain attitudes-beliefs and the patients' coping strategies is the emotion regulation strategies. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies of chronic pain patients and their family caregivers on the association between caregivers' pain attitudes-beliefs and pain coping strategies of chronic pain patients. Methods: We recruited 200 chronic musculoskeletal pain patients and their family caregivers. Chronic pain patients responded to measures of pain coping and emotion regulation strategies while family caregivers completed questionnaires related to their attitude toward pain and emotion regulation of themselves. Results: There is an association between caregivers' pain attitudes-beliefs and pain coping strategies in patients with chronic musculoskeletal. Moreover, the structural equation modeling revealed that the emotion regulation of both patients and family caregivers mediate the relationship between the caregivers' pain attitudes-beliefs and pain coping strategies of patients with chronic musculoskeletal. Conclusions: The social context of pain, including the effect of family caregivers' responses to the patient's pain, is a critical pain source that is suggested to affect coping strategies in patients. These findings suggest an association between pain attitudes-beliefs in family caregivers and pain coping strategies in patients. Moreover, these results showed that the emotion regulation of both patients and their family caregivers mediates this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoha Deldar
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Dehghani
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khatibi
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ali Khatibi
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3
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Condon SE, Parmelee PA, Smith DM. Examining emotional intelligence in older adults with chronic pain: a factor analysis approach. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:213-218. [PMID: 31621378 PMCID: PMC7162725 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1673308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study explored whether the three-factor structure of an emotional intelligence measure (attention to emotions, clarity in understanding emotions, and emotion regulation) developed in a sample of college students would replicate in a sample of older adults with chronic pain. METHOD Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of the 30-item Trait Meta-Mood Scale among 340 older adults with knee osteoarthritis. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the original three-factor model of emotional intelligence did not fit well with the data for older adults. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a four-factor model of emotional intelligence: (1) confusion, (2) acceptance, (3) rejection, and (4) insight. Correlations between the original and new subscales were explored. CONCLUSION While the newly derived emotional intelligence scales resembled the original conceptualization of emotional intelligence proposed by Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, and Palfai (1995), the current study highlights the differences in emotional intelligence likely representative of older adults with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E. Condon
- Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Patricia A. Parmelee
- Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Dylan M. Smith
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
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Ghandehari O, Gallant NL, Hadjistavropoulos T, Williams J, Clark DA. The Relationship Between the Pain Experience and Emotion Regulation in Older Adults. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:3366-3376. [PMID: 32488250 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., emotional suppression and reappraisal) with pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, pain intensity, worry, and depression as function of age in samples of older and younger adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional design using validated questionnaires. SETTING Participants resided in the community. They completed validated measures using online questionnaires. SUBJECTS Two-hundred fifty-seven older adults and 254 younger adults with chronic pain participated. METHODS Participants completed validated questionnaires of emotion regulation strategies, pain-related functioning and mental health. RESULTS Emotion regulation varied as a function of age and gender. Among our chronic pain sample, older adult males reported lower use of reappraisal and suppression than younger adult males, while older adult females reported higher use of reappraisal than younger adult females. Emotional suppression was positively related to pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, worry, and depression. Reappraisal was negatively related to depression and worry. Interestingly, age showed a positive relationship with fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, worry, depression, and pain intensity, while gender was related to fear of pain and worry. Finally, emotional reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between the affective dimensions of pain intensity and pain catastrophizing among older adults. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that reappraisal strategies are important for older and younger adults with chronic pain, pointing to the necessity of considering these strategies when working clinically with such populations. However, given our findings as well as those in the literature, gender should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Ghandehari
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Natasha L Gallant
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Thomas Hadjistavropoulos
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Jaime Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - David A Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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5
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Pahlevan M, Besharat MA, Borjali A, Farahani H. A hypothetical model of pain perception in patients with chronic pain: The predictive role of unconscious, emotional, behavioral and meta-cognitive factors. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Parmelee PA, Scicolone MA, Cox BS, DeCaro JA, Keefe FJ, Smith DM. Global Versus Momentary Osteoarthritis Pain and Emotional Distress: Emotional Intelligence as Moderator. Ann Behav Med 2019; 52:713-723. [PMID: 30010708 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain and emotional well-being are complexly associated both globally and in the moment. Emotional regulation strategies may contribute to that complexity by shaping the pain-well-being association. Purpose Using emotional intelligence (EI) as an integrative conceptual framework, this study probed the role of emotional regulation in the associations of osteoarthritis pain with emotional well-being in varying time frames. Perceived attention to, clarity, and regulation of emotions were examined as predictors of well-being, and as moderators of the well-being-pain association, at global and momentary (within-day) levels. Methods In a microlongitudinal study, 218 older adults with physician-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis self-reported global pain, depressive symptoms, and EI (mood attention, clarity, and repair). Momentary pain and positive and negative affect were then assessed four times daily for 7 days. EI subscales were examined as moderators of the pain-well-being association at global and momentary levels, controlling demographics and general health. Results Global and momentary pain were positively associated with mood clarity and negatively with attention, but not with repair. Clarity and repair negatively predicted depression, and buffered effects of pain on depression. Momentary negative affect was negatively predicted by mood clarity and repair; again, clarity and mood repair buffered effects of momentary pain on negative affect. Only mood repair predicted positive affect, with no interactions emerging. Conclusions Attention to mood states exacerbates the experience of pain in both short and long terms. In contrast, both mood clarity and ability to repair moods appear important to both momentary and longer-term emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Parmelee
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Monica A Scicolone
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Brian S Cox
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jason A DeCaro
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Francis J Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dylan M Smith
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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7
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Pahlevan M, Besharat MA, Borjali A, Farahani H. A hypothetical model of pain perception in patients with chronic pain: The predictive role of unconscious, emotional, behavioral and meta-cognitive factors. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Kopera M, Brower KJ, Suszek H, Jakubczyk A, Fudalej S, Krasowska A, Klimkiewicz A, Wojnar M. Relationships between components of emotional intelligence and physical pain in alcohol-dependent patients. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1611-1618. [PMID: 28744154 PMCID: PMC5513835 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s134019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic pain is a significant comorbidity in individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). Emotional processing deficits are a substantial component of both AD and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the interrelations between components of emotional intelligence and self-reported pain severity in AD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A sample of 103 participants was recruited from an alcohol treatment center in Warsaw, Poland. Information concerning pain level in the last 4 weeks, demographics, severity of current anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as neuroticism was obtained. The study sample was divided into "mild or no pain" and "moderate or greater pain" groups. RESULTS In the logistic regression model, across a set of sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical factors, higher emotion regulation and higher education predicted lower severity, whereas increased levels of anxiety predicted higher severity of self-reported pain during the previous 4 weeks. When the mediation models looking at the association between current severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and pain severity with the mediating role of emotion regulation were tested, emotion regulation appeared to fully mediate the relationship between depression severity and pain, and partially the relationship between anxiety severity and pain. CONCLUSION The current findings extend previous results indicating that emotion regulation deficits are related to self-reported pain in AD subjects. Comprehensive strategies focusing on the improvement of mood regulation skills might be effective in the treatment of AD patients with comorbid pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kirk J Brower
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hubert Suszek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudalej
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Klimkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mazaheri M, Roohafza HR, Mohammadi M, Afshar H. The structural model of pain, cognitive strategies, and negative emotions in functional gastrointestinal disorders. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:107. [PMID: 28250784 PMCID: PMC5322688 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.193179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) may use specific coping strategies. We intend to provide a mediating role of the relationship between pain (intensity and acceptance), cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and negative emotions in patients with FGIDs. Materials and Methods: Participants were 176 inpatients, all experiencing significant FGIDs symptomatology as confirmed by gastroenterologists. Patients completed data on cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, short form of depression, anxiety, stress scale, chronic pain acceptance questionnaire-revised, and pain intensity scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method. Results: The pain intensity had significantly direct effect on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and indirect effect on negative emotions. Besides, the mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between the strategies and pain acceptance were supported, whereas indirect relationships between pain intensity and acceptance through cognitive strategies were not confirmed. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize the role of pain intensity in the development of negative emotions through cognitive strategies and the role of the strategies in pain acceptance through negative emotions. In fact, cognitive strategies to be related to pain and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mazaheri
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Statistic, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rutchick AM, Slepian ML. Handling Ibuprofen increases pain tolerance and decreases perceived pain intensity in a cold pressor test. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56175. [PMID: 23469170 PMCID: PMC3587636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain contributes to health care costs, missed work and school, and lower quality of life. Extant research on psychological interventions for pain has focused primarily on developing skills that individuals can apply to manage their pain. Rather than examining internal factors that influence pain tolerance (e.g., pain management skills), the current work examines factors external to an individual that can increase pain tolerance. Specifically, the current study examined the nonconscious influence of exposure to meaningful objects on the perception of pain. Participants (N = 54) completed a cold pressor test, examined either ibuprofen or a control object, then completed another cold pressor test. In the second test, participants who previously examined ibuprofen reported experiencing less intense pain and tolerated immersion longer (relative to baseline) than those who examined the control object. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Rutchick
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America.
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11
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Agar-Wilson M, Jackson T. Are emotion regulation skills related to adjustment among people with chronic pain, independent of pain coping? Eur J Pain 2012; 16:105-14. [PMID: 21669543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although emotion regulation capacities have been linked to adjustment among people with chronic pain, researchers have yet to determine whether these capacities are related to functioning independent of established facets of pain coping. The present study was designed to address this gap. A sample 128 Australian adults with chronic pain (44 men, 84 women) completed self-report measures of adjustment (quality of life, negative affect, and pain-related disability), pain coping, and features of emotion regulation (emotion appraisal, perceived efficacy in emotion regulation, emotion utilization). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that efficacy in emotion regulation was related to quality of life and reduced negative affect even after statistically controlling for effects of other measures of adjustment, pain coping efficacy, and pain coping. Conversely, features of emotion regulation did not improve the prediction model for pain-related disability. Findings suggest emotion regulation capacities may have a unique role in the prediction of specific facets of adjustment among people with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agar-Wilson
- Key Laboratory of Cognition & Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 715400, PR China
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12
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McAiney CA, Patterson C, Coker E, Pizzacalla A. A quality assurance study to assess the one-day prevalence of delirium in elderly hospitalized patients. Can Geriatr J 2012; 15:2-7. [PMID: 23259011 PMCID: PMC3516239 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.15.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that 40% of hospital-acquired delirium cases may be preventable. However, despite its clinical significance, delirium often goes unrecognized or is misdiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to assess the need for delirium education in acute care hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario. METHODS Approximately 100 health professionals were trained as delirium screeners. On 'Delirium Day', all patients ≥ 65 years of age in non-critical care areas in all acute care sites in Hamilton were identified. Those willing to take part in the prevalence study were assessed for delirium using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination and the Confusion Assessment Method. The Research Ethics Boards at Hamilton Health Sciences and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton approved this quality assurance project. RESULTS Of the 562 patients eligible for screening, eight were excluded and six did not have sufficient data collected to assess for delirium. Of the 548 individuals screened for delirium, 10.6% screened positive. Prevalence estimates ranged by site from 0% to 21% and type of unit from 3.8% to 16%. Recognition of delirium by nursing staff was fair; but, documentation was usually absent. CONCLUSION While the prevalence rates were somewhat lower than in other studies, the results support the need for education among health-care providers in the prevention, identification, and management of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. McAiney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Christopher Patterson
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Coker
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Connelly M, Bromberg MH, Anthony KK, Gil KM, Franks L, Schanberg LE. Emotion regulation predicts pain and functioning in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an electronic diary study. J Pediatr Psychol 2011; 37:43-52. [PMID: 22037006 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study utilized e-diaries to evaluate whether components of emotion regulation predict daily pain and function in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS 43 children ages 8-17 years and their caregivers provided baseline reports of child emotion regulation. Children then completed thrice daily e-diary assessments of emotion, pain, and activity involvement for 28 days. E-diary ratings of negative and positive emotions were used to calculate emotion variability and to infer adaptive emotion modulation following periods of high or low emotion intensity. Hierarchical linear models were used to evaluate how emotion regulation related to pain and function. RESULTS The attenuation of negative emotion following a period of high negative emotion predicted reduced pain; greater variability of negative emotion predicted higher pain and increased activity limitation. Indices of positive emotion regulation also significantly predicted pain. CONCLUSIONS Components of emotion regulation as captured by e-diaries predict important health outcomes in children with JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Connelly
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Lu J, Huet C, Dubé L. Emotional reinforcement as a protective factor for healthy eating in home settings. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:254-61. [PMID: 21613564 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the literature, meals consumed at home are healthier than those consumed away from home (AFH), but reasons underlying this protective effect have not been fully understood. Emotional reinforcement of healthy eating patterns at home is examined as a putative contributing mechanism. OBJECTIVE This study examined expectations for within-individual emotional reinforcement of healthy eating at home, reflected in reports of 1) more intense positive and less intense negative affects after healthier meals than at baseline at home (and not in AFH settings) and 2) more intense positive and less intense negative affects reported before a meal being predictive of healthier meals than at baseline at home (and not in AFH settings). DESIGN A total of 160 nonobese women reported their eating behavior and momentary emotional states every 2 h, 6 times/d over 10 observation days. We examined observations with meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner). The participants indicated how momentary eating patterns compared with their own baseline eating patterns (healthier, equal, or less healthy). Concurrent (after meal) and lagged (before meal) emotion scores were specified. RESULTS At-home meals were followed by more intense positive emotions and less worry than were AFH meals. As expected, home meals that were healthier than a person's baseline meals were followed by more intense positive emotions, with a relation of opposite direction being observed in AFH settings. At home, more intense premeal positive emotions cued healthier next-meal eating patterns than did those at baseline, with no such relation being observed in AFH settings. CONCLUSION The home is a privileged environment that nurtures healthy eating and in which healthier food choices trigger and are triggered by more positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lu
- Department of Business and Social Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Canada
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Lumley MA, Cohen JL, Borszcz GS, Cano A, Radcliffe AM, Porter LS, Schubiner H, Keefe FJ. Pain and emotion: a biopsychosocial review of recent research. J Clin Psychol 2011; 67:942-68. [PMID: 21647882 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD Research on emotion and pain has burgeoned. We review the last decade's literature, focusing on links between emotional processes and persistent pain. RESULTS Neurobiological research documents the neural processes that distinguish affective from sensory pain dimensions, link emotion and pain, and generate central nervous system pain sensitization. Psychological research demonstrates that greater pain is related to emotional stress and limited emotional awareness, expression, and processing. Social research shows the potential importance of emotional communication, empathy, attachment, and rejection. CONCLUSIONS Emotions are integral to the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of persistent pain. Research should clarify when to eliminate or attenuate negative emotions, and when to access, experience, and express them. Theory and practice should integrate emotion into cognitive-behavioral models of persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., 7th Floor, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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16
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Emotional Regulation and Acute Pain Perception in Women. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 11:564-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Castro M, Kraychete D, Daltro C, Lopes J, Menezes R, Oliveira I. Comorbid anxiety and depression disorders in patients with chronic pain. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 67:982-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2009000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of anxiety and depression disorders in patients with chronic pain. METHOD: Patients receiving care at the pain clinic of the Federal University of Bahia between February 2003 and November 2006. The MINI PLUS - Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to evaluate the patients and establish psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS: 400 patients were evaluated mean age was 45.6±11.37 years; 82.8% were female, 17.3% male; 48.5% were married; 55.1% were Catholics; and 40.5% had only high school education. Of these 29.9% reported intense pain and 70.8% reported suffering pain daily. The most frequent medical diagnosis was herniated disc (24.5%), and 48.5% of patients had been undergoing treatment at the pain clinic for less than 3 months. Comorbidities found were depressive episodes (42%), dysthymia (54%), social phobia (36.5%), agoraphobia (8.5%) and panic disorder (7.3%). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in patients suffering chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Castro
- Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Daltro
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Brazil
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Connelly M, Keefe FJ, Affleck G, Lumley MA, Anderson T, Waters S. Effects of day-to-day affect regulation on the pain experience of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pain 2007; 131:162-70. [PMID: 17321049 PMCID: PMC1995075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in the regulation of affect are known to impact pain and other symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. However, no studies have yet used a rigorous daily diary methodology to address the question of whether current pain is reduced when positive or negative affects are effectively regulated. We used a prospective, repeated daily sampling design to infer the regulation of affect from day-to-day changes in affect intensity and examined how these changes in affect were prospectively related to pain from rheumatoid arthritis. Ninety-four adult patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis completed daily measures of pain and positive and negative affect over a period of 30 days. Information on demographic and disease status variables was collected during a medical evaluation. Results of hierarchical linear model analyses indicated that the regulation of both positive and negative affect from the prior day to the current day predicted significantly greater decreases in pain that day, resulting in up to a 28% reduction in pain intensity. These findings were partly influenced by disease status and demographic variables. This study suggests that the day-to-day regulation of negative and positive affect is a key variable for understanding the pain experience of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and is a potentially important target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Connelly
- Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, 4th Floor, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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