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Uragami S, Osumi M, Sumitani M, Fuyuki M, Igawa Y, Iki S, Koga M, Tanaka Y, Sato G, Morioka S. Prognosis of Pain After Stroke During Rehabilitation Depends on the Pain Quality. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzae055. [PMID: 38567849 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain after a stroke interferes with daily life and the rehabilitation process. This study aimed to clarify the prognosis of pain in subgroups of patients with pain after a stroke using pain quality data. METHODS The study included 85 patients with pain after stroke undergoing exercise-based rehabilitation. Items of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) were used, and patients with pain after stroke were clustered according to their scores of NPSI. Other clinical assessments, such as physical and psychological conditions, were assessed by interviews and questionnaires, and then these were compared among subgroups in a cross-sectional analysis. Longitudinal pain intensity in each subgroup was recorded during 12 weeks after the stroke and the patients' pain prognoses were compared between subgroups. RESULTS Four distinct subgroups were clustered: cluster 1 (cold-evoked pain and tingling), cluster 2 (tingling only), cluster 3 (pressure-evoked pain), and cluster 4 (deep muscle pain with a squeezing and pressure sensation). The cross-sectional analysis showed varying clinical symptoms among the subgroups, with differences in the prevalence of joint pain, limited range of motion, somatosensory dysfunction, and allodynia. There were no significant differences in pain intensity at baseline among the subgroups. A longitudinal analysis showed divergent prognoses of pain intensity among the subgroups. The pain intensity in cluster 4 was significantly alleviated, which suggested that musculoskeletal pain could be reduced with conventional exercise-based rehabilitation. However, the pain intensity of patients in clusters 1 and 2 remained over 12 weeks. CONCLUSION The study classified patients into clinically meaningful subgroups using pain quality data and provided insight into their prognosis of pain. The findings could be useful for guiding personalized rehabilitation strategies for pain management. IMPACT Assessment of pain quality in patients with pain after stroke leads to personalized rehabilitation for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Uragami
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sumitani
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Fuyuki
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Igawa
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinya Iki
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawaguchi Neurosurgery Rehabilitation Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Koga
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tanaka
- School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Gosuke Sato
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
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Betancur DFA, Tarragó MDGL, Torres ILDS, Fregni F, Caumo W. Central Post-Stroke Pain: An Integrative Review of Somatotopic Damage, Clinical Symptoms, and Neurophysiological Measures. Front Neurol 2021; 12:678198. [PMID: 34484097 PMCID: PMC8416310 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.678198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The physiopathology of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is poorly understood, which may contribute to the limitations of diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. Thus, the current systematic review was conducted to examine, from an integrated perspective, the cortical neurophysiological changes observed via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), focusing on the structural damage, and clinical symptoms in patients with CPSP. Methods: The literature review included the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the following search terms by MeSH or Entree descriptors: [("Cerebral Stroke") AND ("Pain" OR "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation") AND ("Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation")] (through September 29, 2020). A total of 297 articles related to CPSP were identified. Of these, only four quantitatively recorded cortical measurements. Results: We found four studies with different methodologies and results of the TMS measures. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines, two studies had low methodological quality and the other two studies had satisfactory methodological quality. The four studies compared the motor threshold (MT) of the stroke-affected hemisphere with the unaffected hemisphere or with healthy controls. Two studies assessed other cortical excitability measures, such as cortical silent period (CSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). The main limitations in the interpretation of the results were the heterogeneity in parameter measurements, unknown cortical excitability measures as potential prognostic markers, the lack of a control group without pain, and the absence of consistent and validated diagnosis criteria. Conclusion: Despite the limited number of studies that prevented us from conducting a meta-analysis, the dataset of this systematic review provides evidence to improve the understanding of CPSP physiopathology. Additionally, these studies support the construction of a framework for diagnosis and will help improve the methodological quality of future research in somatosensory sequelae following stroke. Furthermore, they offer a way to integrate dysfunctional neuroplasticity markers that are indirectly assessed by neurophysiological measures with their correlated clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernando Arias Betancur
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Investigations Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Physics, and Rehabilitation Department, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pain and Palliative Care Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lompo L, Ouédraogo A, Somé A, Diallo O, Napon C, Kaboré B. [Central Post-Stroke Pain at the Tingandogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): Frequency, Clinical Profile, Quality of Life of Patients and Associated Factors]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2021; 1:1160-X245. [PMID: 35586635 PMCID: PMC9022760 DOI: 10.48327/1160-x245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Few studies have been done on central post-stroke pain (CPSP) in Sub-Saharan Africa, while taking it into account would improve the quality of life of stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CPSP, to describe its clinical profile, to assess the quality of life of patients and to identify the factors associated with its occurrence, from a prospective hospital series in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methodology It was a prospective, descriptive and analytical longitudinal follow-up study, conducted from January 2015 to March 2020, at the Tingandogo University Hospital, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The study involved all patients over the age of 16, consecutively hospitalized for stroke confirmed by CT and / or brain MRI, then reviewed every three months in outpatient Neurology, during at least 9 months after their stroke. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the nature of the stroke, the existence of CPSP and, if applicable, its clinical characteristics, its treatment and its impact on the quality of life of the patients were recorded; a bivariate then multivariate analysis with logistic regression step by step, made it possible to search for the factors associated with the occurrence of CPSP. The significance threshold used was p < 0.05. Results A total of 236 patients were collected, out of which 28 patients presented a CPSP (11.9%), after a mean duration of post-stroke follow-up of 12.9 months. Cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral venous thrombosis accounted for 69.5%, 29.7% and 0.8% respectively. The mean age of patients with CPSP was 54.6 years, with a male predominance (53.6%). The mean time to onset for CPSP was 3.8 months after stroke. Pains such as burning (75%) and allodynia (67.8%) were the most common. The average CPSP intensity was 7.6 / 10 on the visual analog scale. Hypoaesthesia (96.4%) and paraesthesia (71.4%) were the signs or symptoms most commonly associated with CPSP. CPSP had a moderate to severe negative impact on usual work, general activity and mood of patients in 60.7%, 50% and 46.4% of patients, respectively. Amitriptyline (75%) and / or level II analgesics (60.7%,) were the most used molecules, and effective in 57% of cases. Only age ≤ 50 years was independently associated with the occurrence of CPSP (OR 2.86; p = 0.03). Conclusion CPSP affects more than 1 in 10 stroke patients and moderately to severely affects the quality of life for most of these patients. Screening and adequate management of CPSP as part of multidisciplinary post-stroke follow-up will contribute to improve the quality of life of stroke patients and will facilitate their social and professional reintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.D. Lompo
- CHU de Tingandogo, Unité de formation et de recherches des sciences de la santé, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,*
| | - A.M. Ouédraogo
- Institut de recherche en sciences de la sante, Ouagadougou, département biologie médicale et sante publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - A. Somé
- CHU de Tingandogo, Unité de formation et de recherches des sciences de la santé, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - O. Diallo
- CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Unité de formation et de recherches des sciences de la santé, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - C. Napon
- CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Unité de formation et de recherches des sciences de la santé, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - B.J. Kaboré
- CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Unité de formation et de recherches des sciences de la santé, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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4
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Abstract
Central post-stroke pain is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome following a cerebrovascular accident. The development of central post-stroke pain is estimated to occur in 8 to 55% of stroke patients and is described as constant or intermittent neuropathic pain accompanied by dysesthesia of temperature and/or pressure sensations. These pain and sensory deficits are within the area of the body corresponding to the stroke lesion. The onset of pain is usually gradual, though it can develop either immediately after stroke or years after. Given the diversity in its clinical presentation, central post-stroke pain is a challenging diagnosis of exclusion. Furthermore, central post-stroke pain is often resistant to pharmacological treatment options and a clear therapeutic algorithm has not been established. Based on current evidence, amitriptyline, lamotrigine, and gabapentinoids should be used as first-line pharmacotherapy options when central post-stroke pain is suspected. Other drugs, such as fluvoxamine, steroids, and Intravenous infusions of lidocaine, ketamine, or even propofol, can be considered in intractable cases. In addition, interventional therapies such as motor cortex stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation have been shown to provide relief in difficult-to-treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwool Ryan Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adem Aktas
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael M Bottros
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Huang T, Fu G, Gao J, Zhang Y, Cai W, Wu S, Jia S, Xia S, Bachmann T, Bekker A, Tao YX. Fgr contributes to hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain by activating NF-κB/ERK1/2 pathways. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139987. [PMID: 33055425 PMCID: PMC7605540 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalamic pain, a type of central poststroke pain, frequently occurs following ischemia/hemorrhage in the thalamus. Current treatment of this disorder is often ineffective, at least in part due to largely unknown mechanisms that underlie thalamic pain genesis. Here, we report that hemorrhage caused by microinjection of type IV collagenase or autologous whole blood into unilateral ventral posterior lateral nucleus and ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus increased the expression of Fgr, a member of the Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, at both mRNA and protein levels in thalamic microglia. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of thalamic Fgr attenuated the hemorrhage-induced thalamic injury on the ipsilateral side and the development and maintenance of mechanical, heat, and cold pain hypersensitivities on the contralateral side. Mechanistically, the increased Fgr participated in hemorrhage-induced microglial activation and subsequent production of TNF-α likely through activation of both NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in thalamic microglia. Our findings suggest that Fgr is a key player in thalamic pain and a potential target for the therapeutic management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience; and
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Wan L, Li Z, Liu T, Chen X, Xu Q, Yao W, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids: Emerging therapeutic agents for central post-stroke pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104923. [PMID: 32461186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is chronic neuropathic pain due to a lesion or dysfunction of the central nervous system following cerebrovascular insult. This syndrome is characterized by chronic somatosensory abnormalities including spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, which localize to body areas corresponding to the injured brain region. However, despite its potential to impair activities of daily life and cause mood disorders after stroke, it is probably the least recognized complication of stroke. All currently approved treatments for CPSP have limited efficacy but troublesome side effects. The detailed mechanism underlying CPSP is still under investigation; however, its diverse clinical features indicate excessive central neuronal excitability, which is attributed to loss of inhibition and excessive neuroinflammation. Recently, exogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been used to attenuate the mechanical allodynia in CPSP rats and proven to provide a quicker onset and superior pain relief compared to the current first line drug gabapentin. This anti-nociceptive effect is mediated by reserving the normal thalamic inhibition state through neurosteroid-GABA signaling. Moreover, mounting evidence has revealed that EETs exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of vascular adhesion molecules, activating NFκB, inflammatory cytokines secretion and COX-2 gene induction. The present review focuses on the extensive evidence supporting the potential of EETs to be a multi-functional therapeutic approach for CPSP. Additionally, the role of EETs in the crosstalk between anti-CPSP and the comorbid mood disorder is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zuofan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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7
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Abstract
This article summarizes stroke rehabilitation, with a particular focus on rehabilitation from acute diagnosis to chronic impairments of stroke. The emphasis is on both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intervention and interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy R Lindsay
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Baker 16, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Diane A Thompson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, HP1-199, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael W O'Dell
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Baker 16, New York, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Ralph SJ, Weissenberger A, Bonev V, King LD, Bonham MD, Ferguson S, Smith AD, Goodman-Jones AA, Espinet AJ. Phase I/II parallel double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of perispinal etanercept for chronic stroke: improved mobility and pain alleviation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:311-326. [PMID: 31899977 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1709822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous open-label studies showed that chronic post-stroke pain could be abated by treatment with perispinal etanercept, although these benefits were questioned. A randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted to test perispinal etanercept for chronic post-stroke pain.Research design and methods: Participants received two treatments, either perispinal etanercept (active) or saline (control). Primary outcomes were the differences in daily pain levels between groups analyzed by SPSS.Results: On the 0-100 points visual analog scale, perispinal etanercept reduced mean levels for worst and average daily pain from baseline after two treatments by 19.5 - 24 points (p < 0.05), and pain alleviation was maintained in the etanercept group, with no significant change in the control group. Thirty percent of etanercept participants had near complete pain abatement after first treatment. Goniometry of the paretic arm showed improved mean shoulder rotation by 55 degrees in active forward flexion for the etanercept group (p = 0.003) only.Conclusions: Perispinal etanercept can provide significant and ongoing benefits for the chronic post-stroke management of pain and greater shoulder flexion by the paretic arm. Effects are rapid and highly significant, supporting direct action on brain function.Trial registration: ACTRN12615001377527 and Universal Trial Number U1111-1174-3242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ralph
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | | | | | - Liam D King
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Mikaela D Bonham
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Samantha Ferguson
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Ashley D Smith
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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9
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Elias GJB, Namasivayam AA, Lozano AM. Deep brain stimulation for stroke: Current uses and future directions. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:3-28. [PMID: 29089234 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of stroke often experience significant disability and impaired quality of life related to ongoing maladaptive responses and persistent neurologic deficits. Novel therapeutic options are urgently needed to augment current approaches. One way to promote recovery and ameliorate symptoms may be to electrically stimulate the surviving brain. Various forms of brain stimulation have been investigated for use in stroke, including deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE/METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review in order to 1) review the use of DBS to treat post-stroke maladaptive responses including pain, dystonia, dyskinesias, and tremor and 2) assess the use and potential utility of DBS for enhancing plasticity and recovery from post-stroke neurologic deficits. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS A large variety of brain structures have been targeted in post-stroke patients, including motor thalamus, sensory thalamus, basal ganglia nuclei, internal capsule, and periventricular/periaqueductal grey. Overall, the reviewed clinical literature suggests a role for DBS in the management of several post-stroke maladaptive responses. More limited evidence was identified regarding DBS for post-stroke motor deficits, although existing work tentatively suggests DBS-particularly DBS targeting the posterior limb of the internal capsule-may improve paresis in certain circumstances. Substantial future work is required both to establish optimal targets and parameters for treatment of maladapative responses and to further investigate the effectiveness of DBS for post-stroke paresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J B Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Andrew A Namasivayam
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
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11
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Sims-Williams HP, Javed S, Pickering AE, Patel NK. Characterising the Analgesic Effect of Different Targets for Deep Brain Stimulation in Trigeminal Anaesthesia Dolorosa. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2016; 94:174-81. [PMID: 27322524 PMCID: PMC5079070 DOI: 10.1159/000446608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Several deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets have been explored for the alleviation of trigeminal anaesthesia dolorosa. We aimed to characterise the analgesia produced from the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and centromedian-parafascicular (CmPf) nucleus using a within-subject design. Method We report a case series of 3 subjects implanted with PAG and CmPf DBS systems for the treatment of anaesthesia dolorosa. At follow-up, testing of onset and offset times, magnitude, and thermal and mechanical sensitivity was performed. Results The mean pain score of the cohort was acutely reduced by 56% (p < 0.05) with PAG and 67% (p < 0.01) with CmPf stimulation at mean time intervals of 38 and 16 min, respectively. The onset time was 12.5 min (p < 0.05) for PAG stimulation and 2.5 min (p < 0.01) for CmPf. The offset time was 2.5 min (p < 0.05) for PAG and 12.5 min (p < 0.01) for CmPf. The two targets were effective at different stimulation frequencies and were not antagonistic in effect. Conclusion The mechanisms by which stimulation at these two targets produces analgesia are likely to be different. Certain pain qualities may respond more favourably to specific targets. Knowledge of onset and offset times for the targets can guide optimisation of stimulation settings. The use of more than one stimulation target may be beneficial and should be considered in anaesthesia dolorosa patients.
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12
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Unique action mechanisms of tramadol in global cerebral ischemia-induced mechanical allodynia. Neuroreport 2016; 27:699-704. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Harada S, Matsuura W, Takano M, Tokuyama S. Withdrawal: Proteomic Profiling in the Spinal Cord and Sciatic Nerve in a Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Mechanical Allodynia Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:230-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Wataru Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Masaoki Takano
- Department of Life Sciences Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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14
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Oh H, Seo W. A Comprehensive Review of Central Post-Stroke Pain. Pain Manag Nurs 2015; 16:804-18. [PMID: 25962545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although central post-stroke pain is widely recognized as a severe chronic neuropathic pain condition, its consolidated definition, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic criteria have not been defined due to its clinically diverse features. The present study was undertaken to comprehensively review current literature and provide a more complete picture of central post-stroke pain with respect to its definition, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic problems, and to describe the range of therapies currently available. In particular, nursing care perspectives are addressed. It is hoped that this review will help nurses become knowledgeable about central post-stroke pain and provide valuable information for the drafting of effective nursing care plans that improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with central post-stroke pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunSoo Oh
- Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - WhaSook Seo
- Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kim J, Lee SE, Shin J, Jung HH, Kim SJ, Chang JW. The neuromodulation of neuropathic pain by measuring pain response rate and pain response duration in animal. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 57:6-11. [PMID: 25674337 PMCID: PMC4323508 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuropathic pain causes patients feel indescribable pain. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is one of the treatment methods in neuropathic pain but the action mechanism is still unclear. To study the effect and mechanism of analgesic effects from DBS in neuropathic pain and to enhance the analgesic effect of DBS, we stimulated the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) in rats. Methods To observe the effect from VPL stimulation, we established 3 groups : normal group (Normal group), neuropathic pain group (Pain group) and neuropathic pain+DBS group (DBS group). Rats in DBS group subjected to electrical stimulation and the target is VPL. Results We observed the behavioral changes by DBS in VPL (VPL-DBS) on neuropathic pain rats. In our study, the pain score which is by conventional test method was effectively decreased. In specific, the time of showing withdrawal response from painful stimulation which is not used measuring method in our animal model was also decreased by DBS. Conclusion The VPL is an effective target on pain modulation. Specifically we could demonstrate changes of pain response duration which is not used, and it was also significantly meaningful. We thought that this study would be helpful in understanding the relation between VPL-DBS and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ; Nano Bioelectronics and System Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung June Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ; Nano Bioelectronics and System Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. ; Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bae SH, Kim GD, Kim KY. Analgesic Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Central Post-Stroke Pain. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2014; 234:189-95. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.234.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sea-Hyun Bae
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cheongam College
| | - Gi-Do Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yoon Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University
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Kim J, Eun Lee S, Sik Min K, Jung HH, Lee JE, Kim SJ, Chang JW. Ventral posterolateral deep brain stimulation treatment for neuropathic pain shortens pain response after cold stimuli. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:997-1004. [PMID: 23606542 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is often severe. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment method for neuropathic pain, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Patients with neuropathic pain are affected by various stimulations, such as mechanical and cold stimuli, but studies of cold allodynia showed the associated pain to be less than that caused by mechanical stimuli. This study focused on the effects of DBS on cold allodynia in rats. To observe the effects of DBS, we established three groups: a normal group (normal), a neuropathic pain group (pain), and a DBS with neuropathic pain group (DBS). The stimulation target was the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL). We observed differences in the degree of cold allodynia elicited between a conventional method that measured the number of pain responses and our altered novel method that measured the duration of pain responses. Cold allodynia after DBS did not differ when conventional analysis was applied, but the pain response duration was decreased. We suggest that VPL DBS was partially effective in cold allodynia, implicating complex pathways of pain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tamiya S, Yoshida Y, Harada S, Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. Establishment of a central post-stroke pain model using global cerebral ischaemic mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:615-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the world. Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), an intractable secondary disease, is a serious problem that occurs following cerebral stroke. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying CPSP and standard treatments for it are not well established. Therefore, we examined the nociceptive threshold and alterations in the current stimulus threshold of primary afferent neurons in bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) mice.
Methods
Male ddY mice were subjected to 30 min of BCAO. The development of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and changes in current stimulus threshold in the hind paws were measured after BCAO using the von Frey test, plantar test and a Neurometer, respectively.
Key findings
The threshold for mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in both hind paws was significantly decreased on day 3 after BCAO as compared with pre-BCAO treatment. Furthermore, the sensitivity of C and Aβ fibres (at stimulation of 5 and 2000 Hz, respectively) was increased on day 3 after BCAO as compared with pre-BCAO treatment, while that of Aδ fibres was not altered.
Conclusions
Our data show the development of bilateral hyperalgesia in this model. Potentially, C and Aβ fibre-specific hypersensitization after stroke may have contributed to these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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VPL-DBS on neuropathic pain rat model is effective in mechanical allodynia than cold allodynia. Neurol Sci 2012; 33:1265-70. [PMID: 22562402 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used in various types of neurodegenerative disorders for minimal invasiveness and safety of the procedure. Deep brain stimulation is consistently applied for the treatment of patients with neuropathic pain even though the success rate is not as high as other neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, it is also unclear how DBS improves neuropathic pain. In this study, we investigated the role of DBS following the stimulation parameter for analgesic effect on mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia in neuropathic pain rats. We used a sciatic nerve injury model to induce neuropathic pain, and observed responses to mechanical and cold stimulation by the von Frey test and acetone test, respectively. We classified the rats into four groups: naïve (naïve, n = 10), naïve + DBS (N + DBS, n = 10), neuropathic pain (NP, n = 10), and neuropathic pain + DBS (NP + DBS, n = 10). We inserted the DBS electrode into the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) into the rats (VPL-DBS). The score for mechanical allodynia was significantly decreased in NP + DBS group (p < 0.01). However, the score for cold allodynia did not significantly drop in any groups including NP + DBS group (p > 0.05). In this study, we found that the electrical stimulation of the VPL works more effectively with mechanical allodynia than cold one, and pain signal induced by mechanical stimulus and cold stimulus may be processed through different pathways in the brain.
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Patel NK, Javed S, Khan S, Papouchado M, Malizia AL, Pickering AE, Paton JFR. Deep brain stimulation relieves refractory hypertension. Neurology 2011; 76:405-7. [PMID: 21263142 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182088108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N K Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosciences, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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Takami K, Fujita-Hamabe W, Harada S, Tokuyama S. Aβ and Aδ but not C-fibres are involved in stroke related pain and allodynia: an experimental study in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:452-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cerebral ischaemia is a leading cause of death and disability, including severe complications such as memory disturbance, palsy, and spasticity. Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a complication of cerebral ischaemia, and is characterized clinically by spontaneous pain and attacks of allodynia and dysaesthesia. However, the detailed mechanisms of CPSP are not well established. Herein, we have examined alterations of the current stimulus threshold of primary afferent neurons or the nociceptive threshold against mechanical stimuli in mice receiving left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).
Methods
Alterations of current stimulus threshold and the development of mechanical allodynia in hind paws were measured after MCAO using a Neurometer and the von Frey filament test, respectively.
Key findings
Development of cerebral infarction was clearly observed on day 1 and day 3 after MCAO. For the estimation of current stimulus threshold measured by the Neurometer, the sensitivity of Aδ and Aβ fibres (at 2000 and 250 Hz stimulation, respectively) was significantly increased on day 3 after MCAO, while that of C fibres (at 5 Hz stimulation) was unaltered. In addition, the paw withdrawal threshold of the left hind paw as measured by the von Frey filament test was significantly decreased on day 1 and day 3 after MCAO when compared with day 0, while that in the right hind paw was not different.
Conclusions
The data suggested the development of bilateral hyperaesthesia in this model. Further, mechanical allodynia developed in the ipsilateral side to the MCAO. Potentially, myelinated A fibre-specific hypersensitization after stroke may have contributed to these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Takami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wakako Fujita-Hamabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Gakuin University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Kanbar R, Depuy SD, West GH, Stornetta RL, Guyenet PG. Regulation of visceral sympathetic tone by A5 noradrenergic neurons in rodents. J Physiol 2010; 589:903-17. [PMID: 21173073 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.198374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventrolateral pons contains the A5 group of noradrenergic neurons which regulate the circulation and probably breathing. The present experiments were designed to identify these neurons definitively in vivo, to examine their response to chemoreceptor stimuli (carotid body stimulation and changes in brain pH) and to determine their effects on sympathetic outflow. Bulbospinal A5 neurons, identified by juxtacellular labelling in anaesthetized rats, had a slow regular discharge, were vigorously activated by peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation with cyanide, but only mildly activated by hyperoxic hypercapnia (central chemoreceptor stimulation). The caudal end of the A5 region also contained neurons with properties reminiscent of retrotrapezoid neurons. These cells lacked a spinal axon and were characterized by a robust response to CO2. The pH sensitivity of A5 neurons, examined in brain slices from neonatal (postnatal days 6–10) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-GFP transgenic mice, was about 10 times smaller than that of similarly recorded retrotrapezoid neurons. Selective stimulation of the A5 neurons in rats using channelrhodopsin optogenetics (A5 TH neurons represented 66% of transfected cells) produced fivefold greater activation of the renal nerve than the lumbar sympathetic chain. In summary, adult A5 noradrenergic neurons are vigorously activated by carotid body stimulation. This effect presumably contributes to the increase in visceral sympathetic nerve activity elicited by acute hypoxia. A5 neurons respond weakly to hypercapnia in vivo or to changes in pH in slices suggesting that their ability to sense local variations in brain pH or Pco₂ is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kanbar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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