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Taub DG, Woolf CJ. Age-dependent small fiber neuropathy: Mechanistic insights from animal models. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114811. [PMID: 38723859 PMCID: PMC11131160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a common and debilitating disease in which the terminals of small diameter sensory axons degenerate, producing sensory loss, and in many patients neuropathic pain. While a substantial number of cases are attributable to diabetes, almost 50% are idiopathic. An underappreciated aspect of the disease is its late onset in most patients. Animal models of human genetic mutations that produce SFN also display age-dependent phenotypes suggesting that aging is an important contributor to the risk of development of the disease. In this review we define how particular sensory neurons are affected in SFN and discuss how aging may drive the disease. We also evaluate how animal models of SFN can define disease mechanisms that will provide insight into early risk detection and suggest novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Taub
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Wang Y, Cui L, Zhao H, He H, Chen L, Song X, Liu D, Qiu J, Sun Y. Exploring the Connectivity of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Microglia as the Center. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6107-6121. [PMID: 38107384 PMCID: PMC10725686 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affect people's life and health and cause a severe social burden. Relevant mechanisms of microglia have been studied, aiming to control and reduce degenerative disease occurrence effectively. This review discussed the specific mechanisms underlying microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, age-related hearing loss, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerative diseases. It also reviewed the studies of microglia inhibitors (PLX3397/PLX5622) and activators (lipopolysaccharide), and suggested that reducing microglia can effectively curb the genesis and progression of degenerative diseases. Finally, microglial cells' anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory dual role was considered the critical communication point in central and peripheral degenerative diseases. Although it is difficult to describe the complex morphological structure of microglia in a unified manner, this does not prevent them from being a target for future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huhuifen He
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Natsubori A, Miyazawa M, Kojima T, Honda M. Region-specific involvement of ventral striatal dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in nociception. Neurosci Res 2022; 191:48-56. [PMID: 36549387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ventrolateral striatum (VLS), a subregion of the ventral striatum (VS), possesses distinct neuronal Ca2+ activities and functions in reward-oriented behavior, compared with the ventromedial striatum (VMS) based on the anatomical feature. We hypothesized that the VLS exhibits unique neuronal activity and function in nociceptive processing, a part of aversive processing. Using fiber photometry to monitor the neuronal Ca2+ activities, we demonstrated that acute noxious mechanical stimuli like tail-pinch increased the Ca2+ activity of dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the VLS in correlation with the stimulus intensities in mice, whereas mechanical stimuli increased the VMS D2-MSN activity independent of the stimulus intensities. Likewise, thermal stimuli decreased the VLS and VMS D2-MSN Ca2+ activities during nociceptive behaviors in the hot plate test. Furthermore, the VLS D2-MSNs increased their Ca2+ activity accompanied by formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors in mice, whereas the VMS D2-MSNs decreased it. The optogenetic inhibition of VLS D2-MSN activity increased the formalin-induced pain-related behavior in mice, thus suggesting the inhibitory effect of VLS D2-MSN activity on chemical nociceptive behavior, in contrast to previous reports that the VMS D2-MSNs could not involve the behavior. Therefore, the VLS D2-MSNs exhibited region-specific roles in nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Momoka Miyazawa
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Faculty of Science Division Ⅱ, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Makoto Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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de Bengy AF, Decorps J, Martin LS, Pagnon A, Chevalier FP, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Fromy B. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Restores Early Age-Related Sensory and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Skin. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2887. [PMID: 36359407 PMCID: PMC9687533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Many changes characterize skin aging, and the resulting dysfunctions still constitute a real challenge for our society. The aim of this study was to compare the skin aging of two rat strains, Wistar and Brown Norway (BN), considered as "poorly aging" and "healthy aging" models, respectively, and to assess the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LPA), especially on skin microcirculation. To this purpose, various skin characteristics were studied at 6, 12, and 24 months and compared to the results of LPA treatment performed at 12 or 24 months. Skin aging occurred in both strains, but we showed an early occurrence of different age-related disorders in the Wistar strain compared to BN strain, especially regarding weight gain, glycemia dysregulation, basal skin perfusion, endothelial function, and skin resistance to low pressure. LPA treatment tended to improve skin resistance to low pressure in BN but not in Wistar despite the improvement of basal skin perfusion, endothelial function, and skin sensory sensitivity. Overall, this study confirmed the healthier aging of BN compared to Wistar strain and the positive effect of LPA on both general state and skin microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Decorps
- CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 7, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lisa S. Martin
- CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 7, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Pagnon
- Novotec Labs, ZAC du Chêne, Europarc, 11 rue Edison, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Fabien P. Chevalier
- CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 7, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 7, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Bérengère Fromy
- CNRS, LBTI UMR5305, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 7, 69367 Lyon, France
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5
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Holst MM, Hauver CM, Stein RS, Milano BL, Levine LH, Zink AG, Watters JV, Crook RJ. Behavioral changes in senescent giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) are associated with peripheral neural degeneration and loss of epithelial tissue. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111263. [PMID: 35753604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most species of octopus experience extreme physical decline after a single reproductive bout which extends over a period of days, weeks, or months before eventual death. Although outward indicators of senescence are widely recognized, comparatively little is known about physiological and neural changes accompanying terminal decline in octopuses. Here, we measured changes in behavioral response to nociceptive stimuli across the lifespan in giant Pacific octopus (GPO), Enteroctopus dofleini, held in public aquariums in the USA. Post-euthanasia, tissue was collected from arm tips, and neural and epithelial cell degeneration was quantified and compared with biopsies of arm tips from healthy, pre-reproductive GPOs. Behavioral assays showed significant changes both in low threshold mechanosensory responses and nociceptive behavioral responses beginning early in senescence and extending until euthanasia. Histology data showed that while the ratio of apoptotic cells to total cell number stayed constant between healthy and senescent GPOs, overall neural and epithelial cell density was significantly lower in terminally senescent octopuses compared with healthy controls. Our data provide new insight into the time-course and causes of sensory dysfunction in senescent cephalopods and suggest proactive welfare management should begin early in the senescence phase, well before animals enter terminal decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Holst
- Aquarium of the Bay, The Embarcadero at Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133, United States of America.
| | - Camille M Hauver
- Loveland Living Planet Aquarium, 12033 South Lone Peak Parkway, Draper, UT 84020, United States of America.
| | - Rachel S Stein
- The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk, 10 N. Water St., Norwalk, CT 06854, United States of America.
| | - Bianca L Milano
- The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk, 10 N. Water St., Norwalk, CT 06854, United States of America
| | - Lindsey H Levine
- The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk, 10 N. Water St., Norwalk, CT 06854, United States of America.
| | - Andrew G Zink
- San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America.
| | - Jason V Watters
- San Francisco Zoological Society, Sloat Blvd & Upper Great Hwy, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America.
| | - Robyn J Crook
- San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America.
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6
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Lumb BM, Donaldson LF. When Differential Descending Control of Speed Matters: Descending Modulation of A- versus C-Fiber Evoked Spinal Nociception. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:910471. [PMID: 35756907 PMCID: PMC9218479 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.910471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Descending pain modulatory systems (DPMS) that originate within the brain and act to modulate spinal nociceptive transmission are a major determinant of the acute and chronic pain experience. Investigations of these systems in basic scientific research is critical to the development of therapeutic strategies for the relief of pain. Despite our best efforts, something is lost in translation. This article will explore whether this is due in part to a primary focus on sensory modality leading to a failure to differentiate between descending control of A- vs. C-fiber mediated spinal nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M. Lumb
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Bridget M. Lumb
| | - Lucy F. Donaldson
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Oto T, Urata K, Hayashi Y, Hitomi S, Shibuta I, Iwata K, Iinuma T, Shinoda M. Age-Related Differences in Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and 2 Expression Patterns in the Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Contribute to Changes in the Palatal Mucosal Heat Pain Sensitivity. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:283-290. [PMID: 35296569 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Oto
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kentaro Urata
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Toshimitsu Iinuma
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Slow touch in non-human species: translational research into the C-tactile (CT) afferent system. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Hasegawa D, Hori A, Okamura Y, Baba R, Suijo K, Mizuno M, Sugawara J, Kitatsuji K, Ogata H, Toda K, Hotta N. Aging exaggerates blood pressure response to ischemic rhythmic handgrip exercise in humans. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15125. [PMID: 34817113 PMCID: PMC8611780 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic skeletal muscle conditions are known to augment exercise-induced increases in blood pressure (BP). Aging is also a factor that enhances the pressor response to exercise. However, the effects of aging on the BP response to ischemic exercise remain unclear. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that aging enhances the BP response to rhythmic handgrip (RHG) exercise during postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). We divided the normotensive participants without cardiovascular diseases into three age groups: young (n = 26; age, 18-28 years), middle-aged (n = 23; age, 35-59 years), and older adults (n = 23; age, 60-80 years). The participants performed RHG exercise with minimal effort for 1 min after rest with and without PEMI, which was induced by inflating a cuff on the upper arm just before the isometric handgrip exercise ended; the intensity was 30% of maximal voluntary contraction force. Under PEMI, the increase in diastolic BP (DBP) from rest to RHG exercise in the older adult group (Δ13 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in the young (Δ5 ± 2 mmHg) and middle-aged groups (Δ6 ± 1 mmHg), despite there being no significant difference between the groups in the DBP response from rest to RHG exercise without PEMI. Importantly, based on multiple regression analysis, age remained a significant independent determinant of both the SBP and DBP responses to RHG exercise during PEMI (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that aging enhances the pressor response to ischemic rhythmic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- Nagoya Heisei College of Nursing and Medical CareNagoyaJapan
| | - Amane Hori
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Yukiko Okamura
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Reizo Baba
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Kenichi Suijo
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Applied Clinical ResearchUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Jun Sugawara
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaJapan
| | - Koji Kitatsuji
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Hisayoshi Ogata
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Kaoru Toda
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Norio Hotta
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
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10
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Tinnirello A, Mazzoleni S, Santi C. Chronic Pain in the Elderly: Mechanisms and Distinctive Features. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081256. [PMID: 34439922 PMCID: PMC8391112 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic pain is a major issue affecting more than 50% of the older population and up to 80% of nursing homes residents. Research on pain in the elderly focuses mainly on the development of clinical tools to assess pain in patients with dementia and cognitive impairment or on the efficacy and tolerability of medications. In this review, we searched for evidence of specific pain mechanisms or modifications in pain signals processing either at the cellular level or in the central nervous system. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Investigation on pain sensitivity led to conflicting results, with some studies indicating a modest decrease in age-related pain sensitivity, while other researchers found a reduced pain threshold for pressure stimuli. Areas of the brain involved in pain perception and analgesia are susceptible to pathological changes such as gliosis and neuronal death and the effectiveness of descending pain inhibitory mechanisms, particularly their endogenous opioid component, also appears to deteriorate with advancing age. Hyperalgesia is more common at older age and recovery from peripheral nerve injury appears to be delayed. In addition, peripheral nociceptors may contribute minimally to pain sensation at either acute or chronic time points in aged populations. Conclusions: Elderly subjects appear to be more susceptible to prolonged pain development, and medications acting on peripheral sensitization are less efficient. Pathologic changes in the central nervous system are responsible for different pain processing and response to treatment. Specific guidelines focusing on specific pathophysiological changes in the elderly are needed to ensure adequate treatment of chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tinnirello
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department, ASST Franciacorta, Ospedale di Iseo, 25049 Iseo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-7103-395
| | - Silvia Mazzoleni
- Second Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine, University of Brescia at Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Carola Santi
- Second Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine, University of Brescia at Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.M.); (C.S.)
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11
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Ota H, Takebe H, Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Responses of cutaneous C-fiber afferents and spinal microglia after hindlimb cast immobilization in rats. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:19. [PMID: 34162322 PMCID: PMC10717157 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that persistent limb immobilization using a cast increases nociceptive behavior to somatic stimuli in rats. However, the peripheral neural mechanisms of nociception remain unclear. Using single-fiber electrophysiological recordings in vitro, we examined the general characteristics of cutaneous C-fiber afferents in the saphenous nerve and their responsiveness to mechanical and heat stimuli in a rat model of immobilization-induced pain by subjecting the rats to hindlimb cast immobilization for 4 weeks. The mechanical response of C-fibers appeared to increase in the model; however, statistical analysis revealed that neither the response threshold nor the response magnitude was altered. The general characteristics and heat responses of the C-fibers were not altered. The number of microglia and cell diameters significantly increased in the superficial dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. Thus, activated microglia-mediated spinal mechanisms are associated with the induction of nociceptive hypersensitivity in rats after persistent cast immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ota
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Haruna Takebe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
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12
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Fullerton EF, Rubaharan M, Karom MC, Hanberry RI, Murphy AZ. Advanced age attenuates the antihyperalgesic effect of morphine and decreases μ-opioid receptor expression and binding in the rat midbrain periaqueductal gray in male and female rats. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 98:78-87. [PMID: 33249376 PMCID: PMC8673746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of advanced age on morphine modulation of persistent inflammatory pain in male and female rats. The impact of age, sex, and pain on μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression and binding in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) was also examined using immunohistochemistry and receptor autoradiography. Intraplantar administration of complete Freund's adjuvant induced comparable levels of edema and hyperalgesia in adult (2-3 mos) and aged (16-18 mos) male and female rats. Morphine potency was highest in adult males, with a greater than two-fold increase in morphine EC50 observed in adult versus aged males (3.83 mg/kg vs. 10.16 mg/kg). Adult and aged female rats also exhibited significantly higher EC50 values (7.76 mg/kg and 8.74 mg/kg, respectively) than adult males. The upward shift in EC50 from adult to aged males was paralleled by a reduction in vlPAG MOR expression and binding. The observed age-related reductions in morphine potency and vlPAG MOR expression and binding have significant implications in pain management in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Fullerton
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mary C Karom
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Aging-Related Phenotypic Conversion of Medullary Microglia Enhances Intraoral Incisional Pain Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217871. [PMID: 33114176 PMCID: PMC7660637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia involved in the development of orofacial pain hypersensitivity have two major polarization states. The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of the aging-related phenotypic conversion of medullary microglia in the enhancement of intraoral pain sensitivity using senescence-accelerated mice (SAM)-prone/8 (SAMP8) and SAM-resistant/1 (SAMR1) mice. Mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) was measured for 21 days post palatal mucosal incision. The number of CD11c-immunoreactive (IR) cells [affective microglia (M1)] and CD163-IR cells [protective microglia (M2)], and tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α)-IR M1 and interleukin (IL)-10-IR M2 were analyzed via immunohistochemistry on days 3 and 11 following incision. The decrease in MHWT observed following incision was enhanced in SAMP8 mice. M1 levels and the number of TNF-α-IR M1 were increased on day 3 in SAMP8 mice compared with those in SAMR1 mice. On day 11, M1 and M2 activation was observed in both groups, whereas IL-10-IR M2 levels were attenuated in SAMP8 mice, and the number of TNF-α-IR M1 cells increased, compared to those in SAMR1 mice. These results suggest that the mechanical allodynia observed following intraoral injury is potentiated and sustained in SAMP8 mice due to enhancement of TNF-α signaling, M1 activation, and an attenuation of M2 activation accompanying IL-10 release.
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14
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Hughes SW, Basra M, Chan C, Parr C, Wong F, Gomes S, Strutton PH. Capsaicin-Induced Changes in Electrical Pain Perception Threshold Can Be Used to Assess the Magnitude of Secondary Hyperalgesia in Humans. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:2830-2838. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Areas of secondary hyperalgesia can be assessed using quantitative sensory testing (QST). Delivering noxious electrocutaneous stimulation could provide added benefit by allowing multiple measurements of the magnitude of hyperalgesia. We aimed to characterize the use of electrical pain perception (EPP) thresholds alongside QST as a means by which to measure changes in pain thresholds within an area of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia.
Methods
EPP and heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were measured at five distinct points at baseline and following 1% capsaicin cream application, one within a central zone and four within a secondary zone. Areas of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia were mapped using QST. In a further 14 participants, capsaicin-induced reduction in EPP thresholds was mapped using a radial lines approach across 24 points.
Results
There was a reduction in EPP threshold measured at the four points within the secondary zone, which was within the mapped area of mechanical secondary hyperalgesia. The magnitude of secondary hyperalgesia could be split into a mild (∼4% reduction) and severe (∼21% reduction) area within an individual subject. There was no reduction in HPT within the secondary zone, but there was a reduction in both HPT and EPP threshold within the primary zone. EPP mapping revealed differences in the magnitude and spread of hyperalgesia across all subjects.
Conclusions
Measuring capsaicin-induced reduction in EPP thresholds can be used to map hyperalgesic areas in humans. This semi-automated approach allows rapid assessment of the magnitude of hyperalgesia, both within an individual subject and across a study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W Hughes
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Meirvaan Basra
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Calvin Chan
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Callum Parr
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Felyx Wong
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Gomes
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul H Strutton
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Nick Davey Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Lawson SN, Fang X, Djouhri L. Nociceptor subtypes and their incidence in rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs): focussing on C-polymodal nociceptors, Aβ-nociceptors, moderate pressure receptors and their receptive field depths. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 11:125-146. [PMID: 31956744 PMCID: PMC6959836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A recent study with Ca++-sensitive-dyes in neurons in whole DRGs (Table 5) found that much lower percentages of nociceptors were polymodal-nociceptors (PMNs) (Emery et al., 2016), than the 50-80% values in many electrophysiological fiber studies. This conflict highlighted the lack of knowledge about percentages of nociceptor-subtypes in the DRG. This was analysed from intracellularly-recorded neurons in rat lumbar DRGs stimulated from outside the skin. Polymodal nociceptors (PMNs) were 11% of all neurons and 19% of all nociceptors. Most PMNs had C-fibers (CPMNs). Percentages of C-nociceptors that were CPMNs varied with receptive field (RF) depths, whether superficial (∼80%), dermal (25%), deep (0%) or cutaneous (superficial + dermal) (40%). This explains CPMN percentages 40-90%, being highest, in electrophysiological studies using cutaneous nerves, and lowest in studies that also include deep RFs, including ours, and the recent Ca++-imaging studies in whole DRGs. Despite having been originally described in 1967 (Burgess and Perl), both Aβ-nociceptors and Aβ-moderate pressure receptors (MPRs) remain overlooked. Most A-fiber nociceptors in rodents have Aβ-fibers. Of rat lumbar Aβ-nociceptors with superficial RFs, 50% were MPRs with variable medium-low trkA-expression. Despite having conduction velocities at the two extremes for nociceptors, both CPMNs and MPRs have relatively low thresholds, superficial/epidermal RFs and low trkA-expression. For abbreviations used see Table 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally N Lawson
- The Physiology Department, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Xin Fang
- Qihan BioTech Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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16
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The Decline of Endogenous Pain Modulation With Aging: A Meta-Analysis of Temporal Summation and Conditioned Pain Modulation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:514-528. [PMID: 31562994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to examine age-related changes in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS) of pain using meta-analytic techniques. Five electronic databases were searched for studies, which compared measures of CPM and TS among healthy, chronic pain-free younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Eleven studies were included in the final review for TS and 11 studies were included in the review of CPM. The results suggested a moderate magnitude of difference in TS among younger and middle-aged/older adults, with the older cohorts exhibiting enhanced TS of pain. Considerable variability existed in the magnitude of the effect sizes, which was likely due to the different experimental methodologies used across studies (ie, interstimulus interval, stimulus type, and body location). In regards to CPM, the data revealed a large magnitude of difference between younger and older adults, with younger adults exhibiting more efficient pain inhibition. Differences in CPM between middle-aged and older adults were minimal. The magnitude of pain inhibition during CPM in older adults may depend on the use of concurrent versus nonconcurrent protocols. In summary, the data provided strong quantitative evidence of a general age-related decline in endogenous pain modulatory function as measured by TS and CPM. PERSPECTIVE: This review compared CPM and TS of pain among younger, middle-aged, and older adults. These findings enhance our understanding of the decline in endogenous pain modulatory function associated with normal aging.
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE To study sub-basal corneal nerve plexus (SCNP) parameters by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy using a new software technology and examine the effect of demographics and diabetes mellitus (DM) on corneal nerves morphology. METHODS A Confoscan 4 (Nidek Technologies) was used in this cross-sectional study to image the SCNP in 84 right eyes at the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. Images were analyzed using a new semiautomated nerve analysis software program (The Corneal Nerve Analysis tool) which evaluated 9 parameters including nerve fibers length (NFL) and nerve fibers length density (NFLD). The main outcome measure was the examination of SCNP morphology by demographics, comorbidities, and HbA1c level. RESULTS Interoperator and intraoperator reproducibility were good for the 9 parameters studied (Intraclass Correlations [ICCs] 0.73-0.97). Image variability between two images within the same scan was good for all parameters (ICC 0.66-0.80). Older individuals had lower SCNP parameters with NFL and NFLD negatively correlating with age (r=-0.471, and -0.461, respectively, P<0.01 for all). Patients with diabetes had lower mean NFLD 10987.6 μm/mm (±3,284.6) and NFL 1,289.5 μm/frame (±387.2) compared with patients without diabetes (mean NFLD 15077.1 μm/mm [±4,261.3] and NFL 1750.0 μm/frame [±540.7]) (P<0.05 for all). HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes were inversely correlated with NFL and NFLD (r= -0.568, and -0.569, respectively, P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The Corneal Nerve Analysis tool is a reproducible diagnostic software technique for the analysis of the SCNP with confocal microscopy. Older age, DM, and higher level of HbA1c were associated with a significant reduction in SCNP parameters.
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18
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Sasaguri T, Taguchi T, Murata Y, Kobayashi K, Iizasa S, Iizasa E, Tsuda M, Hirakawa N, Hara H, Yoshida H, Yasaka T. Interleukin-27 controls basal pain threshold in physiological and pathological conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11022. [PMID: 30038376 PMCID: PMC6056516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that pain sensation is affected by various immune molecules, such as cytokines, in tissues comprising the sensory pathway. Specifically, it has been shown that interleukin (IL)-17 promotes pain behaviour, but IL-10 suppresses it. IL-27 has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect through regulation of T cell differentiation, resulting in reduced IL-17 and induction of IL-10. Thus, we hypothesised that IL-27 would have some regulatory role in pain sensation. Here, we provide evidence that endogenous IL-27 constitutively controls thresholds for thermal and mechanical sensation in physiological and pathological conditions. Mice lacking IL-27 or its receptor WSX-1 spontaneously showed chronic pain-like hypersensitivity. Reconstitution of IL-27 in IL-27-deficient mice reversed thermal and mechanical hypersensitive behaviours. Thus, unlike many other cytokines induced by inflammatory events, IL-27 appears to be constitutively produced and to control pain sensation. Furthermore, mice lacking IL-27/WSX-1 signalling showed additional hypersensitivity when subjected to inflammatory or neuropathic pain models. Our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying hypersensitive behaviours caused by the ablation of IL-27/WSX-1 signalling are different from those underlying established chronic pain models. This novel pain control mechanism mediated by IL-27 might indicate a new mechanism for the chronic pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sasaguri
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuzo Murata
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Iizasa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Ei'ichi Iizasa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naomi Hirakawa
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Yasaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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19
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Kaliappan S, Simone DA, Banik RK. Nonlinear Inverted-U Shaped Relationship Between Aging and Epidermal Innervation in the Rat Plantar Hind Paw: A Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy Study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:1015-1023. [PMID: 29660414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The under-reporting of pain and atypical manifestations of painful syndromes within the elderly population have been well documented, however, the specific relationship between pain and aging remains ambiguous. Previous studies have reported degenerative changes in primary afferents with aging. In this study, we questioned whether there is any change in the density of primary afferent endings within the epidermis of aged animals. Rats were categorically assessed in 4 age groups, each representing a key developmental stage across their life span: juvenile (2 months), adult (7 months); aged (18 months), and senescent (24-26 months). The plantar hind paw skin was removed, post-fixed, cut, and immunostained for protein gene product 9.5 and type IV collagen. Rats in the adult aged groups had significantly increased epidermal nerve densities and total lengths of immunoreactive nerve fibers, compared with juvenile as well as senescent rats. However, the paw withdrawal thresholds to punctate mechanical stimulation progressively increased with age, and did not exhibit a clear relationship with epidermal innervation. We conclude a nonlinear, inverted-U shaped relationship between rat plantar epidermal nerve density with aging, which does not correlate with mechanically-induced paw withdrawal behaviors. PERSPECTIVE This article presents age-related decreased epidermal innervation in rat hind paw skin, which partly explains mechanisms underlying decreased pain sensitivity in aged subjects. The report may help clinicians to understand that any compromise of pain-sensing pathway can lead to under-reporting of pain, inadequate analgesia, and slower recovery from a painful condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaranarayanan Kaliappan
- NJ Neuroscience Institute and Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ratan K Banik
- NJ Neuroscience Institute and Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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20
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Wang Y, Mo X, Zhang J, Fan Y, Wang K, Peter S. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) in the orofacial region of healthy Chinese: influence of site, gender and age. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:58-63. [PMID: 28958193 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1383511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a preliminary thermal and mechanical somatosensory profile using a standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) to investigate site, gender and age differences in healthy Chinese. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty younger (age: 20-40 years, 10 men, 10 women) and twenty older (age: 41-61 years, 10 men, 10 women) healthy participants completed the study. Cold detection threshold (CDT), warm detection threshold (WDT), cold pain threshold (CPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT) were measured at five sites: Left hand, bilaterally at the mental area, tip of tongue and the lower lip mucosa. Mixed model ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to analyze the data. RESULTS MDT(p < .001) and MPT (p < .05) were significantly higher on the hand compared to the mental areas. The CDT ( p = .006) was significantly higher and WDT (p < .001) was significantly lower at the tongue compared to lip mucosa and CDT (p < .001) was higher at the tongue mucosa than at the mental areas. WDT (p < .001) and HPT (p < .05) were significantly higher at the tip of the tongue and the lower lip mucosa compared to the mental areas. Significantly lower sensitivity for WDT (p < .001) and CDT (p = .004) were found in the older group compared to the younger group. Significant gender differences were found with less sensitivity for WDT (p = .024) and MDT (p = .003) in men compared to women. CONCLUSIONS Application of standardized QST can provide valuable information of orofacial somatosensory phenotypes in a Chinese population. Age, gender and site are mandatory to control for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Yixing Institute of Preventive Dentistry, Yixing, China
| | - Xueyin Mo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Hangzhou ivy dental clinic Co., Limited, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinglu Zhang
- Orofacial Pain & TMD Research Unit, Institute of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kelun Wang
- Orofacial Pain & TMD Research Unit, Institute of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Sensory–Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Svensson Peter
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Watkins RH, Wessberg J, Backlund Wasling H, Dunham JP, Olausson H, Johnson RD, Ackerley R. Optimal delineation of single C-tactile and C-nociceptive afferents in humans by latency slowing. J Neurophysiol 2017; 117:1608-1614. [PMID: 28123010 PMCID: PMC5376601 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00939.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin encodes a plethora of touch interactions, and affective tactile information is primarily signaled by slowly conducting C-mechanoreceptive afferents. We show that electrical stimulation of low-threshold C-tactile afferents produces markedly different patterns of activity compared with high-threshold C-mechanoreceptive nociceptors, although the populations overlap in their responses to mechanical stimulation. This fundamental distinction demonstrates a divergence in affective touch signaling from the first stage of sensory processing, having implications for the processing of interpersonal touch. C-mechanoreceptors in humans comprise a population of unmyelinated afferents exhibiting a wide range of mechanical sensitivities. C-mechanoreceptors are putatively divided into those signaling gentle touch (C-tactile afferents, CTs) and nociception (C-mechanosensitive nociceptors, CMs), giving rise to positive and negative affect, respectively. We sought to distinguish, compare, and contrast the properties of a population of human C-mechanoreceptors to see how fundamental the divisions between these putative subpopulations are. We used microneurography to record from individual afferents in humans and applied electrical and mechanical stimulation to their receptive fields. We show that C-mechanoreceptors can be distinguished unequivocally into two putative populations, comprising CTs and CMs, by electrically evoked spike latency changes (slowing). After both natural mechanical stimulation and repetitive electrical stimulation there was markedly less latency slowing in CTs compared with CMs. Electrical receptive field stimulation, which bypasses the receptor end organ, was most effective in classifying C-mechanoreceptors, as responses to mechanical receptive field stimulation overlapped somewhat, which may lead to misclassification. Furthermore, we report a subclass of low-threshold CM responding to gentle mechanical stimulation and a potential subclass of CT afferent displaying burst firing. We show that substantial differences exist in the mechanisms governing axonal conduction between CTs and CMs. We provide clear electrophysiological “signatures” (extent of latency slowing) that can be used in unequivocally identifying populations of C-mechanoreceptors in single-unit and multiunit microneurography studies and in translational animal research into affective touch. Additionally, these differential mechanisms may be pharmacologically targetable for separate modulation of positive and negative affective touch information. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human skin encodes a plethora of touch interactions, and affective tactile information is primarily signaled by slowly conducting C-mechanoreceptive afferents. We show that electrical stimulation of low-threshold C-tactile afferents produces markedly different patterns of activity compared with high-threshold C-mechanoreceptive nociceptors, although the populations overlap in their responses to mechanical stimulation. This fundamental distinction demonstrates a divergence in affective touch signaling from the first stage of sensory processing, having implications for the processing of interpersonal touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Watkins
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; .,School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Wessberg
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - James P Dunham
- University Division of Anaesthesia, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Håkan Olausson
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; and
| | - Richard D Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rochelle Ackerley
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives (UMR 7260), Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Marseille, France
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22
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The integrative role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in nociceptive perception and analgesic regulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29480. [PMID: 27385517 PMCID: PMC4935841 DOI: 10.1038/srep29480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of wakefulness is one of the major factors affecting nociception and pain. Stress-induced analgesia supports an animal’s survival via prompt defensive responses against predators or competitors. Previous studies have shown the pharmacological effects of orexin peptides on analgesia. However, orexin neurons contain not only orexin but also other co-transmitters such as dynorphin, neurotensin and glutamate. Thus, the physiological importance of orexin neuronal activity in nociception is unknown. Here we show that adult-stage selective ablation of orexin neurons enhances pain-related behaviors, while pharmacogenetic activation of orexin neurons induces analgesia. Additionally, we found correlative activation of orexin neurons during nociception using fiber photometry recordings of orexin neurons in conscious animals. These findings suggest an integrative role for orexin neurons in nociceptive perception and pain regulation.
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23
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Abstract
Aging is accompanied by reduced efficacy of inhibitory processes and preserved facilitation of pain and spinal nociceptive responses. This study examines the effect of normal aging on temporal summation (TS) of pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex (RIII). Two groups of healthy volunteers, young and elderly, received transcutaneous electrical stimulation applied to the right sural nerve to assess pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex (RIII-reflex). Stimulus intensity was adjusted individually to 120% of RIII-reflex threshold, and shocks were delivered as a single stimulus or as a series of 5 stimuli to assess TS at 5 different frequencies (0.17, 0.33, 0.66, 1, and 2 Hz). This study shows that robust TS of pain and RIII-reflex is observable in individuals aged between 18 and 75 years and indicates that these effects are comparable between young and older individuals. These results contrast with some previous findings and imply that at least some pain regulatory processes, including TS, may not be affected by normal aging, although this may vary depending on the method.
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24
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Nociceptor Sensitization Depends on Age and Pain Chronicity(1,2,3). eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0115-15. [PMID: 26866058 PMCID: PMC4745182 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0115-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation causes mechanical pain behavior and increased action potential firing. However, most studies examine inflammatory pain at acute, rather than chronic time points, despite the greater burden of chronic pain on patient populations, especially aged individuals. Furthermore, there is disagreement in the field about whether primary afferents contribute to chronic pain. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the contribution of nociceptor activity to the generation of pain behaviors during the acute and chronic phases of inflammation in both young and aged mice. We found that both young (2 months old) and aged (>18 months old) mice exhibited prominent pain behaviors during both acute (2 day) and chronic (8 week) inflammation. However, young mice exhibited greater behavioral sensitization to mechanical stimuli than their aged counterparts. Teased fiber recordings in young animals revealed a twofold mechanical sensitization in C fibers during acute inflammation, but an unexpected twofold reduction in firing during chronic inflammation. Responsiveness to capsaicin and mechanical responsiveness of A-mechanonociceptor (AM) fibers were also reduced chronically. Importantly, this lack of sensitization in afferent firing during chronic inflammation occurred even as these inflamed mice exhibited continued behavioral sensitization. Interestingly, C fibers from inflamed aged animals showed no change in mechanical firing compared with controls during either the acute or chronic inflammatory phases, despite strong behavioral sensitization to mechanical stimuli at these time points. These results reveal the following two important findings: (1) nociceptor sensitization to mechanical stimulation depends on age and the chronicity of injury; and (2) maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain does not rely on enhanced peripheral drive.
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Differential contributions of A- and C-nociceptors to primary and secondary inflammatory hypersensitivity in the rat. Pain 2016; 156:1074-1083. [PMID: 25760474 PMCID: PMC4535358 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is sensitization to thermal A-nociceptor activation in arthritic secondary hyperalgesia, with enhanced activation of spinal lamina I neurons. Primary hyperalgesia is characterized by increased responsiveness to both heat and mechanical stimulation in the area of injury. By contrast, secondary hyperalgesia is generally associated with increased responses to mechanical but not heat stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that sensitization in secondary hyperalgesia is dependent on the class of peripheral nociceptor (C- or A-nociceptor) rather than the modality of stimulation (mechanical vs heat). A- and C-nociceptors were selectively activated using contact heat ramps applied to the hind paw dorsum in animals with hind paw inflammation (primary hyperalgesia) and knee inflammatory arthritis (secondary hyperalgesia). Sensitization to A- and C-nociceptor activation in primary and secondary hyperalgesia was assessed by reflex withdrawal thresholds and by Fos immunocytochemistry in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, as an index of neuronal activation. In primary hyperalgesia, only C-nociceptor-evoked withdrawal reflexes were sensitized. This was associated with increased spinal lamina I neuronal activation to both A- and C-nociceptor activation. Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was unchanged in other dorsal horn laminae. In secondary hyperalgesia, only A-nociceptor-evoked withdrawal reflexes were sensitized, and FLI was increased in both superficial and deep dorsal laminae. Neurons in the superficial dorsal horn receive and process nociceptor inputs from the area of primary hyperalgesia, resulting in functional sensitization to C-nociceptive inputs. In inflammatory arthritis, secondary hyperalgesia is evoked by A-nociceptor thermal stimulation, suggesting that secondary hyperalgesia is A-nociceptor, rather than stimulus modality (mechanical vs thermal), dependent. Fos-like immunoreactivity evoked by A-nociceptor stimulation in secondary hyperalgesia suggests that the sensitization is underpinned by spinal neuronal sensitization in laminae I and IV/V.
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Abstract
Dry eye (DE) is a prevalent ocular disease that primarily affects the elderly. Affecting up to 30% of adults aged 50 years and older, DE affects both visual function and quality of life. Symptoms of DE, including ocular pain (aching, burning), visual disturbances, and tearing, can be addressed with therapeutic agents that target dysfunction of the meibomian glands, lacrimal glands, goblet cells, ocular surface, and/or neural network. This review provides an overview of the efficacy, use, and limitations of current therapeutic interventions being used to treat DE.
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Abstract
Chronic widespread pain is a serious medical problem, yet the mechanisms of nociception and pain are poorly understood. Using a reserpine-induced pain model originally reported as a putative animal model for fibromyalgia, this study was undertaken to examine the following: (1) expression of several ion channels responsible for pain, mechanotransduction, and generation/propagation of action potentials in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), (2) activities of peripheral nociceptive afferents, and (3) alterations in spinal microglial cells. A significant increase in mRNA expression of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)-3 was detected in the DRG, and the behavioral mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly reversed by subcutaneous injection of APETx2, a selective blocker of ASIC3. Single-fiber recordings in vitro revealed facilitated mechanical responses of mechanoresponsive C-fibers both in the skin and muscle although the proportion of mechanoresponsive C-nociceptors was paradoxically decreased. In the spinal dorsal horn, microglial cells labeled with Iba1 immunoreactivity was activated, especially in laminae I-II where the nociceptive input is mainly processed compared with the other laminae. The activated microglia and behavioral hyperalgesia were significantly tranquilized by intraperitoneal injection of minocycline. These results suggest that the increase in ASIC3 in the DRG facilitated mechanical response of the remaining C-nociceptors and that activated spinal microglia may direct to intensify pain in this model. Pain may be further amplified by reserpine-induced dysfunction of the descending pain inhibitory system and by the decrease in peripheral drive to this system resulting from a reduced proportion of mechanoresponsive C-nociceptors.
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Hulse RP. Identification of mechano-sensitive C fibre sensitization and contribution to nerve injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:615-25. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Hulse
- Cancer Biology; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Queen's Medical Centre; UK
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Kambiz S, Duraku LS, Baas M, Nijhuis THJ, Cosgun SG, Hovius SER, Ruigrok TJH, Walbeehm ET. Long-term follow-up of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic reinnervation of the epidermis following sciatic nerve reconstruction in rats. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:254-69. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns141075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in long-term functional deficits. The current gold standard for transected nerves is an end-to-end reconstruction, which results in the intermittent appearance of neuropathic pain.
METHODS
To improve our understanding of the relation between this type of reconstruction and neuropathic pain, the authors transected and immediately end-to-end reconstructed the sciatic nerve in rats. The effect of this procedure on neuropathic pain, as measured by thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity at 4 different time points (5, 10, 20, and 30 weeks), was related to the density of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic fiber innervation in the glabrous skin of rats' hind paws.
RESULTS
Thermal hypersensitivity occurring 20 weeks after reconstruction was accompanied by a significant increase in peptidergic epidermal fibers. However, the lesion-induced reduction in the density of nonpeptidergic epidermal fibers remained decreased at all experimental time points. Moreover, temporal collateral sprouting by undamaged saphenous nerve was visualized using the recently revised Evans blue extravasation technique. Strikingly, as the sciatic nerve repopulated rats' hind paw, the saphenous nerve withdrew to its original territory.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors conclude that the transient thermal hypersensitivity is related to increased density of epidermal peptidergic fibers, which mainly originate from regenerating fibers. Furthermore, a changed composition in the peptidergic and nonpeptidergic epidermal fibers is demonstrated following end-to-end reconstruction of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoista Kambiz
- Departments of 1Neuroscience and
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Liron S. Duraku
- Departments of 1Neuroscience and
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Martijn Baas
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tim H. J. Nijhuis
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Saniye G. Cosgun
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Steven E. R. Hovius
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Erik T. Walbeehm
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
- 3Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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Kubo A, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced excitation and sensitization to mechanical stimulation of mechanosensitive C-fiber afferents in rat skin. Neurosci Res 2014; 91:13-8. [PMID: 25448548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) increases the excitability of nociceptive neurons after peripheral nerve injury or inflammation. Moreover, decreased nocifensive mechanical threshold in behavioral tests and increased calcium influx in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons by MCP-1 application have been reported. However, the effects of MCP-1 on peripheral afferent terminals have not been studied yet. The present study aimed to examine the effect of MCP-1 on the response of cutaneous unmyelinated afferents. For this purpose, single fiber recordings of mechanosensitive C-afferents were made in vitro from skin-saphenous nerve preparations excised from rats euthanized by CO2. Since IB4-positive neurons were previously implicated in MCP-1 induced mechanical hyperalgesia, sensitivity to α,β-methylene ATP (metATP), an indicator of IB4-positive neurons, was also studied. Application of MCP-1 100 ng/ml to the receptive field elicited excitation in one half of mechanosensitive unmyelinated afferents in the skin. MCP-1 also sensitized metATP insensitive fibers to mechanical stimulation, but not metATP sensitive fibers. The incidence of heat sensitive fibers was decreased in the MCP-1 treated group with a decrease in the response threshold. These results demonstrate MCP-1 is an effective stimulant of mechanosensitive unmyelinated peripheral afferents in the rat skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
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Simón-Arceo K, Contreras B, León-Olea M, Coffeen U, Jaimes O, Pellicer F. Inflammatory nociception responses do not vary with age, but diminish with the pain history. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:181. [PMID: 25120479 PMCID: PMC4112912 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Simón-Arceo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizTlalpan, México, D.F., México
| | - Bernardo Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizTlalpan, México, D.F., México
| | - Martha León-Olea
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizTlalpan, México, D.F., México
| | - Ulises Coffeen
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizTlalpan, México, D.F., México
| | - Orlando Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizTlalpan, México, D.F., México
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizTlalpan, México, D.F., México
- *Correspondence: Francisco Pellicer, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370, México, D.F., México e-mail:
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Decorps J, Saumet JL, Sommer P, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Fromy B. Effect of ageing on tactile transduction processes. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:90-9. [PMID: 24373814 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With advancing age, a decline in the main sensory modalities including touch sensation and perception is well reported to occur. This review mainly outlines the peripheral components of touch perception highlighting ageing influences on morphological and functional features of cutaneous mechanical transducers and mechanosensitive ion channels, sensory innervation, neurotransmitters and even vascular system required to ensure efferent function of the afferent nerve fibres in the skin. This, in conjunction with effect of ageing on the skin per se and central nervous system, could explain the tactile deficit seen among the ageing population. We also discuss appropriate tools and experimental models available to study the age-related tactile decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Decorps
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Jean Louis Saumet
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Pascal Sommer
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Berengere Fromy
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
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Hirth M, Rukwied R, Gromann A, Turnquist B, Weinkauf B, Francke K, Albrecht P, Rice F, Hägglöf B, Ringkamp M, Engelhardt M, Schultz C, Schmelz M, Obreja O. Nerve growth factor induces sensitization of nociceptors without evidence for increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Pain 2013; 154:2500-2511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Taguchi T, Yasui M, Kubo A, Abe M, Kiyama H, Yamanaka A, Mizumura K. Nociception originating from the crural fascia in rats. Pain 2013; 154:1103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Banik RK, Kabadi RA. A modified Hargreaves' method for assessing threshold temperatures for heat nociception. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 219:41-51. [PMID: 23796910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a modified Hargreaves' method for assessing paw withdrawal threshold temperatures for heat (PWT-H) nociception in the hind paws of rats. This method utilises radiant heat to maintain controlled lamp temperatures (CLTs) on a glass floor beneath the rat hind paw. An ascending series of CLTs were applied for 10s, with 5-10min intervals between applications, until characteristic withdrawal behaviour was observed or a cutoff CLT was reached. The average plantar epicutaneous temperatures measured from anaesthetised rats corresponding to CLTs and withdrawal latencies were used for determining PWT-H. The mean PWT-H in 2-month-old (mo) naïve Sprague-Dawley rats (n=38) was 47.6±0.2°C, which is comparable to the noxious threshold temperature for human glabrous skin (46.5±0.5°C). The PWT-H was consistent between trials and daily assessments over four consecutive days. No significant differences were observed between the PWT-H in 2-, 6- to 8-, and >24-mo F344 rats, but the PWT-H in 1-mo rats was significantly reduced. Three hours following plantar incision, the PWT-H decreased to 37.5±0.2°C, consistent with previous observations of C-fibre afferents from incised glabrous skin firing at 36.7±3.6°C. Parallel testing, using the current method and an electronic von Frey device, illustrated similar degrees of incision-induced hyperalgesia, gradual improvements in hyperalgesia, and reversals induced through morphine and gabapentin. In conclusion, the present method facilitates a comparison of PWT-H using electrophysiological and human psychophysical studies involving thermosensation, and as a behavioural assay identical to von Frey testing, this method also measures the threshold for nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan K Banik
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.
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de Oliveira Ribeiro MDC, Pereira CU, Sallum AMC, Martins-Filho PRS, DeSantana JM, da Silva Nunes M, Hora EC. Immediate post-craniotomy headache. Cephalalgia 2013; 33:897-905. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102413479833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Headache is the most common adverse event immediately following craniotomy and is due to the surgical procedure and meningeal irritation. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of headache during the first week after a craniotomy, as well as headache intensity, whether pain was registered in the patient's medical records, the use of analgesics and predictors of headache. Methods Ninety-one patients who underwent craniotomy were evaluated from the first to the seventh post-operative day. The variables analysed were gender, age, medical history, indication for craniotomy, surgery, occurrence of headache, pain registration in the medical records, length of hospital stay and analgesics consumption. Results On the second post-operative day, 29.2% of patients had a headache and there was under-reporting of this pain in the patients’ records. The analgesics used were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in 75% of cases. An age of <45 years (odds ratio = 3.0, p = 0.041) and surgery duration lasting >4 hours (odds ratio = 3.7, p = 0.019) were associated with the occurrence of immediate post-craniotomy headache. Conclusion Further training should be provided to professionals caring for patients undergoing craniotomy to better manage post-operative headache.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos U Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josimari M DeSantana
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | | | - Edilene C Hora
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
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Zotova EG, Arezzo JC. NON-INVASIVE EVALUATION OF NERVE CONDUCTION IN SMALL DIAMETER FIBERS IN THE RAT. PHYSIOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 2013:254789. [PMID: 23580940 PMCID: PMC3620683 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel non-invasive technique was applied to measure velocity within slow conducting axons in the distal extreme of the sciatic nerve (i.e., digital nerve) in a rat model. The technique is based on the extraction of rectified multiple unit activity (MUA) from in vivo whole nerve compound responses. This method reliably identifies compound action potentials in thinly myelinated fibers conducting at a range of 9-18 m/s (Aδ axons), as well as in a subgroup of unmylinated C fibers conducting at approximately 1-2 m/s. The sensitivity of the method to C-fiber conduction was confirmed by the progressive decrement of the responses in the 1-2 m/s range over a 20-day period following the topical application of capsaicin (ANOVA p<0.03). Increasing the frequency of applied repetitive stimulation over a range of 0.75 Hz to 6.0 Hz produced slowing of conduction and a significant decrease in the magnitude of the compound C-fiber response (ANOVA p<0.01). This technique offers a unique opportunity for the non-invasive, repeatable, and quantitative assessment of velocity in the subsets of Aδ and C fibers in parallel with evaluation of fast nerve conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Zotova
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Joseph C. Arezzo
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Differential Effects of Low Dose Lidocaine on C-Fiber Classes in Humans. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kleggetveit IP, Namer B, Schmidt R, Helås T, Rückel M, Ørstavik K, Schmelz M, Jørum E. High spontaneous activity of C-nociceptors in painful polyneuropathy. Pain 2012; 153:2040-2047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Differential effects of lidocaine on nerve growth factor (
NGF
)‐evoked heat‐ and mechanical hyperalgesia in humans. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:543-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Double spikes to single electrical stimulation correlates to spontaneous activity of nociceptors in painful neuropathy patients. Pain 2012; 153:391-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The corneal pain system. Part I: the missing piece of the dry eye puzzle. Ocul Surf 2012; 10:2-14. [PMID: 22330055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The traditional model of dry eye disease based on tear deficiency has presented us with many unanswered questions. Recent studies support the notion that dry eye-like symptoms represent non-specific corneal pain and provide new insights into the mechanisms that sustain the integrity of the optical tear layer. Thus, this enigmatic disease can be viewed with a new perspective, which involves the dysfunctional corneal pain system as a central pathogenetic feature of a series of disorders collectively known today as dry eye.
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Does spontaneous activity in C-nociceptors provide a readout to quantify neuropathic pain? Pain 2011; 153:5-6. [PMID: 22014531 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Obreja O, Ringkamp M, Turnquist B, Hirth M, Forsch E, Rukwied R, Petersen M, Schmelz M. Nerve growth factor selectively decreases activity-dependent conduction slowing in mechano-insensitive C-nociceptors. Pain 2011; 152:2138-2146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Obreja O, Kluschina O, Mayer A, Hirth M, Schley M, Schmelz M, Rukwied R. NGF enhances electrically induced pain, but not axon reflex sweating. Pain 2011; 152:1856-1863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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