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Zhang X, Yang J, Feng Q, Gu L, Qin G, Cheng C, Hou S, Shi Z. The immune landscape and prognostic analysis of CXCL8 immune-related genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38597597 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC), one of the most common malignancies in women, imposes a significant burden on women's health worldwide. Despite extensive research, the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and CESC remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the immune-related genes, immune microenvironment infiltration, and prognosis of CESC, providing a theoretical basis for guiding clinical treatment. Initially, by mining four gene sets and immune-related gene sets from public databases, 14 immune-related genes associated with CESC were identified. Through univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses, as well as lasso regression analysis, four CESC-independent prognostic genes were identified, and a prognostic model was constructed, dividing them into high and low-risk groups. The correlation between these genes and immune cells and immune functions were explored through ssGSEA enrichment analysis, revealing a close association between the high-risk group and processes such as angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, using public databases and qRT-PCR experiments, significant differences in CXCL8 expression between normal cervical cells and cervical cancer cells were discovered. Subsequently, a CXCL8 knockdown plasmid was constructed, and the efficiency of CXCL8 knockdown was validated in two CESC cell lines, MEG-01 and HCE-1. Through CCK-8, scratch, and Transwell assays, it was confirmed that CXCL8 knockdown could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of CESC cells. Targeting CXCL8 holds promise for personalized therapy for CESC, providing a strong theoretical basis for achieving clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gongzhao Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunyu Hou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouhong Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li J, Wei T, Ma K, Zhang J, Lu J, Zhao J, Huang J, Zeng T, Xie Y, Liang Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Liang T. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneity in malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216607. [PMID: 38246225 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas are bona fide precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Single-cell transcriptomics provides a unique perspective for dissecting the epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneity that accompanies progression from benign IPMNs to invasive PDAC. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed through droplet-based sequencing on 35 693 cells from three high-grade IPMNs and two IPMN-derived PDACs (all surgically resected). Analysis of single-cell transcriptomes revealed heterogeneous alterations within the epithelium and the tumor microenvironment during the progression of noninvasive dysplasia to invasive cancer. For epithelial cells, we identified acinar-ductal cells and isthmus-pit cells enriched in IPMN lesions and profiled three types of PDAC-unique ductal cells. Notably, a proinflammatory immune component was distinctly observed in IPMNs, comprising CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells, whereas M2 macrophages were significantly accumulated in PDAC. Through the analysis of cellular communication, the osteopontin gene (SPP1)-CD44 pathway between macrophages and epithelial cells were particularly strengthened in the PDAC group. Further prognostic analysis revealed that SPP1 is a biomarker of IPMN carcinogenesis for surveillance. This study demonstrates the ability to perform high-resolution profiling of single cellular transcriptomes during the progression of high-grade IPMNs to cancer. Notably, single-cell analysis provides an unparalleled insight into both epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneity associated with early cancer pathogenesis and provides practical markers for surveillance and targets for cancer interception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yingjiqiong Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Li J, Xi J. Exploring Immune-Related Gene Profiling and Infiltration of Immune Cells in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:121. [PMID: 38275602 PMCID: PMC10815177 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a widespread malignancy among women, leading to a substantial global health impact. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the basic molecules and pathogenic processes of cervical squamous cell carcinoma is still insufficient. This investigation aims to uncover immune-related genes linked to CESC and delineate their functions. Leveraging data from the GEO and ImmPort databases, a total of 22 immune-related genes were identified. Multiple tools, including DAVID, the human protein atlas, STRING, GeneMANIA, and TCGA, were employed to delve into the expression and roles of these immune genes in CESC, alongside their connections to the disease's pathological features. Through RT-PCR, the study confirmed notable disparities in CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA expression between CESC and normal cervical tissue. The TCGA dataset's immune-related information reinforced the association of CXCL8 and CXCL10 with immune infiltration in CESC. This research sheds light on the potential of CXCL8 and CXCL10 as promising therapeutic targets and essential prognostic factors for individuals diagnosed with CESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China;
| | - Juqun Xi
- School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China
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4
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Ullah A, Zhao J, Singla RK, Shen B. Pathophysiological impact of CXC and CX3CL1 chemokines in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1272536. [PMID: 37928902 PMCID: PMC10620730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1272536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-related pathophysiological alterations and various female reproductive difficulties were common in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), who had 21.1 million live births. Preeclampsia (PE), which increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, affects approximately 3%-5% of pregnancies worldwide. Nevertheless, it is unclear what triggers PE and GDM to develop. Therefore, the development of novel moderator therapy approaches is a crucial advancement. Chemokines regulate physiological defenses and maternal-fetal interaction during healthy and disturbed pregnancies. Chemokines regulate immunity, stem cell trafficking, anti-angiogenesis, and cell attraction. CXC chemokines are usually inflammatory and contribute to numerous reproductive disorders. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) may be membrane-bound or soluble. CX3CL1 aids cell survival during homeostasis and inflammation. Evidence reveals that CXC and CX3CL1 chemokines and their receptors have been the focus of therapeutic discoveries for clinical intervention due to their considerable participation in numerous biological processes. This review aims to give an overview of the functions of CXC and CX3CL1 chemokines and their receptors in the pathophysiology of PE and GDM. Finally, we examined stimulus specificity for CXC and CX3CL1 chemokine expression and synthesis in PE and GDM and preclinical and clinical trials of CXC-based PE and GDM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Zhou C, Gao Y, Ding P, Wu T, Ji G. The role of CXCL family members in different diseases. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:212. [PMID: 37393391 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family mediating a lot of biological behaviors including chemotaxis, tumor growth, angiogenesis and so on. As one member of this family, CXC subfamily possesses the same ability. CXC chemokines can recruit and migrate different categories of immune cells, regulate tumor's pathological behaviors like proliferation, invasion and metastasis, activate angiogenesis, etc. Due to these characteristics, CXCL subfamily is extensively and closely associated with tumors and inflammatory diseases. As studies are becoming more and more intensive, CXCLs' concrete roles are better described, and CXCLs' therapeutic applications including biomarkers and targets are also deeply explained. In this review, the role of CXCL family members in various diseases is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Bao N, Fu B, Zhong X, Jia S, Ren Z, Wang H, Wang W, Shi H, Li J, Ge F, Chang Q, Gong Y, Liu W, Qiu F, Xu S, Li T. Role of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110530. [PMID: 37348231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C motif ligand 16, or CXCL16, is a chemokine that belongs to the ELR - CXC subfamily. Its function is to bind to the chemokine receptor CXCR6, which is a G protein-coupled receptor with 7 transmembrane domains. The CXCR6/CXCL16 axis has been linked to the development of numerous autoimmune diseases and is connected to clinical parameters that reflect disease severity, activity, and prognosis in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis. CXCL16 is expressed in various immune cells, such as dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and B cells. During autoimmune diseases, CXCL16 can facilitate the adhesion of immune cells like monocytes, T cells, NKT cells, and others to endothelial cells and dendritic cells. Additionally, sCXCL16 can regulate the migration of CXCR6-expressing leukocytes, which includes CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, constant natural killer T cells, plasma cells, and monocytes. Further investigation is required to comprehend the intricate interactions between chemokines and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It remains to be seen whether the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis represents a new target for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Bao
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of neurology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Department of neurology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Jia
- Department of neurology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China; Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Ren
- Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fulin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Senior Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Shiping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li X, Zhou J, Wang X, Li C, Ma Z, Wan Q, Peng F. New advances in the research of clinical treatment and novel anticancer agents in tumor angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114806. [PMID: 37163782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, Folkman proposed that tumors could be limited to very small sizes by blocking angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is the generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, considered to be one of the important processes in tumor growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis is a complex process regulated by various factors and involves many secreted factors and signaling pathways. Angiogenesis is important in the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the tumor during tumor development. Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis has become an important strategy in the clinical management of many solid tumors. Combination therapies of angiogenesis inhibitors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often used in clinical practice. In this article, we will review common targets against angiogenesis, the most common and up-to-date anti-angiogenic drugs and clinical treatments in recent years, including active ingredients from chemical and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunxi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zifan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiaoling Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Wu T, Yang W, Sun A, Wei Z, Lin Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010167. [PMID: 36612163 PMCID: PMC9818145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokines are small chemotactic and secreted cytokines. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer and are closely correlated with tumor progression. The CXC chemokine family has a dual function in tumor development, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depending on the context of cellular signaling. Recent evidence highlights the pro-tumorigenic properties of CXC chemokines in most human cancers. CXC chemokines were found to play pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis, stimulating inflammatory responses, and facilitating tumor metastases. Enhanced expression of CXC chemokines is always signatured with inferior survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines in cancer patients are in dynamic change according to the tumor contexts (e.g., chemotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence after surgery). Thus, CXC chemokines have great potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of CXC chemokines on tumor inflammation and metastasis remain unclear and application of antagonists and neutralizing antibodies of CXC chemokines signaling for cancer therapy is still not fully established. This article will review the roles of CXC chemokines in promoting tumorigenesis and progression and address the future research directions of CXC chemokines for cancer treatment.
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Qi C, Song X, Wang H, Yan Y, Liu B. The role of exercise-induced myokines in promoting angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:981577. [PMID: 36091401 PMCID: PMC9459110 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases are a major cause of mortality or disability in the clinic. Surgical or medical treatment often has poor effect on patients with tissue and organ ischemia caused by diffuse stenoses. Promoting angiogenesis is undoubtedly an effective method to improve perfusion in ischemic tissues and organs. Although many animal or clinical studies tried to use stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, or cytokines to promote angiogenesis, these methods could not be widely applied in the clinic due to their inconsistent experimental results. However, exercise rehabilitation has been written into many authoritative guidelines in the treatment of ischemic diseases. The function of exercise in promoting angiogenesis relies on the regulation of blood glucose and lipids, as well as cytokines that secreted by skeletal muscle, which are termed as myokines, during exercise. Myokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine ligand (CXCL) family proteins, irisin, follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have been found to be closely related to the expression and function of angiogenesis-related factors and angiogenesis in both animal and clinical experiments, suggesting that myokines may become a new molecular target to promote angiogenesis and treat ischemic diseases. The aim of this review is to show current research progress regarding the mechanism how exercise and exercise-induced myokines promote angiogenesis. In addition, the limitation and prospect of researches on the roles of exercise-induced myokines in angiogenesis are also discussed. We hope this review could provide theoretical basis for the future mechanism studies and the development of new strategies for treating ischemic diseases.
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Takikawa T, Hamada S, Matsumoto R, Tanaka Y, Kataoka F, Sasaki A, Masamune A. Senescent Human Pancreatic Stellate Cells Secrete CXCR2 Agonist CXCLs to Promote Proliferation and Migration of Human Pancreatic Cancer AsPC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169275. [PMID: 36012531 PMCID: PMC9409091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an important role in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Recent studies have shown that cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors play roles in the progression of cancer. This study aimed to clarify the effects of senescence-induced PSCs on pancreatic cancer cells. Senescence was induced in primary-cultured human PSCs (hPSCs) through treatment with hydrogen peroxide or gemcitabine. Microarray and Gene Ontology analyses showed the alterations in genes and pathways related to cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, including the upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 through the induction of senescence in hPSCs. Conditioned media of senescent hPSCs increased the proliferation—as found in an assessment with a BrdU incorporation assay—and migration—as found in an assessment with wound-healing and two-chamber assays—of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 and MIAPaca-2 cell lines. SB225002, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, and SCH-527123, a CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist, attenuated the effects of conditioned media of senescent hPSCs on the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. These results suggest a role of CXCLs as senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors in the interaction between senescent hPSCs and pancreatic cancer cells. Senescent PSCs might be novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Jing Y, Wang F, Zhang K, Chen Z. Comprehensive analysis of prognostic value and immune infiltration of CXC chemokines in pancreatic cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:96. [PMID: 35468838 PMCID: PMC9040222 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Studies have shown that chemokines in the tumour microenvironment are often altered, which is associated with immune infiltration and the prognosis and survival of pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS Multiomics and bioinformatics tools were used to clarify CXC chemokine expression and its role in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immune microenvironment. RESULTS Most CXC chemokines were upregulated in pancreatic cancer and correlated with patient prognosis. CXC chemokines can activate cancer-related signalling pathways and affect immune infiltration. Furthermore, most CXC chemokines were significantly correlated with the abundance of macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. CXCL5 was selected as a hub gene, and a variety of immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, were identified. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel insights into CXC chemokine expression and its role in the PDAC immune microenvironment. These results can provide more data about prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Jing
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Li Y, Yao P, Zhao K, Ye Z, Zhang H, Cao J, Zhang S, Xing C. Individualized prognostic signature for pancreatic carcinoma validated by integrating immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs). Bioengineered 2021; 12:88-95. [PMID: 33393862 PMCID: PMC8806356 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1860493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly attention is being given to immune molecules in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to understand the potential clinical application of immune-regulated genes (IRGs) in the stratification of prognosis and to facilitate the development of personalized prognostic information for pancreatic cancer patients. We systematically used public data to comprehensively analyze immune-regulated gene pair (IRGP) expression profiles and clinical data. In our study, IRGP signature was identified to predict the overall survival (OS) of pancreatic cancer patients. We suggested that immune genes are enriched in different risk groups. In the high-risk group, M1 macrophages and resting NK cells were significantly enriched, while the percentages of naïve B cells, resting dendritic cells, CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly higher in the low-risk group, and we verified these results with immunohistochemical experiments. Gene ontology (GO) analysis confirmed that the IRGP index (IRGPI) signature genes in the cohort were mostly party to sensory perception of a chemical stimulus and the adaptive immune response. The identification of these pathways provides a basis for studying the molecular mechanisms of IRGPI signaling to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Our study effectively constructed a robust IRGP signature with prognostic value for pancreatic cancer, presenting a conceivable method for deciding on a preoperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SouzhouJiangsu, China
| | - Pingan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SouzhouJiangsu, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SouzhouJiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SouzhouJiangsu, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SouzhouJiangsu, China
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Wu C, Ma C, Yuan J, Zhou P. Exploration of potential therapeutic and prognostic value of CXC chemokines in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:8201-8222. [PMID: 34814296 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer, as the second most common female malignancy, brings a great health burden to women worldwide. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) are the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer. CXC chemokines (CXCLs) within the tumor microenvironment can modulate carcinogenesis and progression. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic and prognostic value of different CXCLs in CESC. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, TRRUST, GeneMANIA, STRING and TIMER were utilized to explore the expression, mutation and function of CXCLs in CESC, as well as their correlation with pathological and survival features of CESC patients. We found that the mRNA expression levels of CXCL1/8/9/10/11/13/16/17 in CESC were upregulated compared with normal cervical tissues, whereas CXCL12 was downregulated. No significant correlation was found between the expression levels and pathological stage of CESC patients. CESC patients with high expression of CXCL1/2/3/4/5/8 were significantly associated with poor overall survival, additionally, low mRNA level of CXCL3 was associated with better disease-free survival. Besides, a high mutation rate (43%) of CXCLs in CESC was observed. Depicted by co-expression analysis, the expression of CXCL1/2/3/6/8 showed a modest to strong correlation, while that of CXCL9/10/11/13 showed a very strong correlation. Differentially expressed CXCLs primarily functioned in chemokine signaling pathway and inflammation response, such as cell chemotaxis, chemokine activity and chemokine receptor binding. We also found the association of CXCLs with the tumor-infiltration of six types of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells) in CESC patients. The present study elucidated that CXCLs may have the potential to be novel therapeutic targets and prognosis predictors of CESC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Pan-Cancer Analysis of Prognostic and Immune Infiltrates for CXCs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164153. [PMID: 34439306 PMCID: PMC8392715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CXCs are important genes that regulate inflammation and tumor metastasis. While there are many studies with a focus on individual CXCs, few present a pan-cancer analysis of the whole CXC family. Our results indicate that CXCs are a potential therapeutic target in a variety of tumors and a potential prognostic marker that could improve the survival of cancer patients and the accuracy of prognosis. Meanwhile, we found that CXCs may be involved in diseases caused by intestinal flora. Abstract Background: CXCs are important genes that regulate inflammation and tumor metastasis. However, the expression level, prognosis value, and immune infiltration of CXCs in cancers are not clear. Methods: Multiple online datasets were used to analyze the expression, prognosis, and immune regulation of CXCs in this study. Network analysis of the Amadis database and GEO dataset was used to analyze the regulation of intestinal flora on the expression of CXCs. A mouse model was used to verify the fact that intestinal bacterial dysregulation can affect the expression of CXCs. Results: In the three cancers, multiple datasets verified the fact that the mRNA expression of this family was significantly different; the mRNA levels of CXCL3, 8, 9, 10, 14, and 17 were significantly correlated with the prognosis of three cancers. CXCs were correlated with six types of immuno-infiltrating cells in three cancers. Immunohistochemistry of clinical samples confirmed that the expression of CXCL8 and 10 was higher in three cancer tissues. Animal experiments have shown that intestinal flora dysregulation can affect CXCL8 and 10 expressions. Conclusion: Our results further elucidate the function of CXCs in cancers and provide new insights into the prognosis and immune infiltration of breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and they suggest that intestinal flora may influence disease progression through CXCs.
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Kong W, Zhao G, Chen H, Wang W, Shang X, Sun Q, Guo F, Ma X. Analysis of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers of CXC chemokines in cervical cancer microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:399. [PMID: 34321012 PMCID: PMC8317415 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) has received an increasing amount of attention. CXC chemokines can regulate immune cell transport and tumor cell activity to exert anti-tumor immunity. However, studies on the expression and prognosis of CXC chemokines in cervical cancer (CC) are more limited. Methods The study investigated the role of CXC chemokines in TME of CC by using public databases. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of CXC chemokines were performed to further verify. Results The transcriptional levels of CXCL1/3/5/6/8/9/10/11/13/16/17 in CC tissues were significantly elevated while the transcriptional levels of CXCL12/14 were significantly reduced. We reached a consistent conclusion that the expression of CXCL9/10/11/13 was verified by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, CC patients with low transcriptional levels of CXCL1/2/3/4/5/8 were significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS). The CCL family was related to CXC chemokines neighboring alteration. RELA, NFKB1, LCK and PAK2 were the key transcription factors and kinase targets of CXC chemokines, respectively. We also found there were significant correlations between the expression of CXCL9/10/11 and the infiltration of immune cells (CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, neutrophils and dendritic cells). Conclusions In brief, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of CXC chemokines via clinical data and some online public databases. Our results may provide a new idea for the selection of immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for cervical cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02101-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Ürümqi, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Ürümqi, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Ürümqi, China
| | - Fan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Ürümqi, China.
| | - Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Ürümqi, China.
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Ye J, Wang H, Cui L, Chu S, Chen N. The progress of chemokines and chemokine receptors in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:268-280. [PMID: 34077795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders and the main symptoms of ASD are impairments in social communication and abnormal behavioral patterns. Studies have shown that immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation play a key role in ASD patients and experimental models. Chemokines are groups of small proteins that regulate cell migration and mediate inflammation responses via binding to chemokine receptors. Thus, chemokines/chemokine receptors may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders and associated with ASD. In this review, we summarize the research progress of chemokine aberrations in ASD and also review the recent progress of clinical treatment of ASD and pharmacological research related to chemokines/chemokine receptors. This review highlights the possible connection between chemokines/chemokine receptors and ASD, and provides novel potential targets for drug discovery of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Yang W, Zhou W, Zhao X, Wang X, Duan L, Li Y, Niu L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Han Y, Fan D, Hong L. Prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a study based on cross-database analysis. Hereditas 2021; 158:15. [PMID: 33892811 PMCID: PMC8066950 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant cancer, the survival rate of patients is disappointing. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the driven-genes and prognostic biomarkers in OSCC. Methods Four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were integratedly analyzed using bioinformatics approaches, including identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GO and KEGG analysis, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, selection of hub genes, analysis of prognostic information and genetic alterations of hub genes. ONCOMINE, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of hub genes. Tumor immunity was assessed to investigate the functions of hub genes. Finally, Cox regression model was performed to construct a multiple-gene prognostic signature. Results Totally 261 genes were found to be dysregulated. 10 genes were considered to be the hub genes. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that upregulated SPP1, FN1, CXCL8, BIRC5, PLAUR, and AURKA were related to poor outcomes in OSCC patients. FOXM1 and TPX2 were considered as the potential immunotherapeutic targets with future clinical significance. Moreover, we constructed a nine-gene signature (TEX101, DSG2, SCG5, ADA, BOC, SCARA5, FST, SOCS1, and STC2), which can be utilized to predict prognosis of OSCC patients effectively. Conclusion These findings may provide new clues for exploring the molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy in OSCC. The hub genes and risk gene signature are helpful to the personalized treatment and prognostic judgement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-021-00181-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University & Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lili Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiding Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liaoran Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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CCL25 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:99-111. [PMID: 34286444 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple checkpoint mechanisms are overridden by cancer cells in order to develop into a tumor. Neoplastic cells, while constantly changing during the course of cancer progression, also craft their surroundings to meet their growing needs. This crafting involves changing cell surface receptors, affecting response to extracellular signals and secretion of signals that affect the nearby cells and extracellular matrix architecture. This chapter briefly comprehends the non-cancer cells facilitating the cancer growth and elaborates on the notable role of the CCR9-CCL25 chemokine axis in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), directly and via immune cells. Association of increased CCR9 and CCL25 levels in various tumors has demonstrated the significance of this axis as a tool commonly used by cancer to flourish. It is involved in attracting immune cells in the tumor and determining their fate via various direct and indirect mechanisms and, leaning the TME toward immunosuppressive state. Besides, elevated CCR9-CCL25 signaling allows survival and rapid proliferation of cancer cells in an otherwise repressive environment. It modulates the intra- and extracellular protein matrix to instigate tumor dissemination and creates a supportive metastatic niche at the secondary sites. Lastly, this chapter abridges the latest research efforts and challenges in using the CCR9-CCL25 axis as a cancer-specific target.
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Wang Q, Huang J, Zhang H, Liu H, Yu M. Identification and analysis of immune-related subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:667-677. [PMID: 33231514 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220970130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignance that remains difficult to cure. Immunotherapy has shown its potential application in a variety of refractory malignancies. Due to the complexity of immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma, the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is not as effective as expected. Expression data of hepatocellular carcinoma from the TCGA and ICGC databases were used for classification and verification of hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes. The immune-related functions and pathways were identified via gene set enrichment analysis, while the sections denoting the subsets of the immune cells were estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Immunity low (Immunity_L), immunity medium (Immunity_M), and immunity high (Immunity_H) were specified as the three immune-related subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma. The quantity of stromal and immune cells was the most substantial in Immunity_H, compared to the other subtypes. Interestingly, the proportion of M0 macrophages decreased from Immunity_L to Immunity_H, while the proportion of CD8 T cells increased. Furthermore, the HLA genes expression levels, as well as those of six immune checkpoint genes were substantially lower in Immunity_L than in Immunity_H. Functional analysis was performed for 1512 differentially expressed genes between Immunity_L and Immunity_H. Finally, the PPI network was constructed with 118 nodes. The highest connectivity degree nodes were B2M, HLA-DRA, and HLA-DRB1. The above results were verified in ICGC-JP and ICGC-FR databases with a consistent trend. In this study, we divided hepatocellular carcinoma into three subtypes and explored the immune-related characteristics of these subtypes. These results may provide new insights for immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Guangdong Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Transcriptional Expressions of CXCL9/10/12/13 as Prognosis Factors in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:4270957. [PMID: 32963527 PMCID: PMC7499319 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4270957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CXCLs play critical roles in antitumor immunity by activating tumor-specific immune responses and stimulating tumor proliferation, thus affecting patient outcomes. However, the expression and prognostic values of CXCLs in breast cancer have not been well clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CXCLs transcriptional expression on breast cancer patients. Oncomine database, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource), and DAVID were used in our study. The transcriptional levels of CXCL9/10/11/13 in breast cancer tissues were significantly elevated while the transcriptional levels of CXCL1/2/3/12 were decreased based on intersections of Oncomine database and GEPIA. Among them, breast cancer patients with high transcriptional levels of CXCL2/9/10/12/13 and low transcriptional level of CXCL3 were associated with a better prognosis. We also found that most of CXCLs expressions are significantly correlated with known prognostic factors, such as patient's age, major subclasses, individual cancer stages, and nodal metastasis status. In addition, the expression of CXCL9/10/12/13 was also indicated to be correlated with the infiltration of six types of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). The functions of differentially expressed CXCLs are primarily related to the immune response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Our results may provide novel evidence of new prognostic or predictive biomarkers for breast cancer patients.
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González IA, Kang LI, Williams GA, Liu J, DeNardo DG, Hawkins WG, Chatterjee D. Tumor-insular Complex in Neoadjuvant Treated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Is Associated With Higher Residual Tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:817-825. [PMID: 32091434 PMCID: PMC7225071 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) plays a vital role in treatment response, and therefore, patient survival. We and others have observed an intimate association of neoplastic ductal cells with non-neoplastic islet cells, recapitulating the ductoinsular complex. We define this phenomenon as tumor-insular complex (TIC). Herein, we describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of TIC in neoadjuvant treated PDAC cases for the first time. We retrospectively reviewed the pathology of 105 cases of neoadjuvant treated PDAC resected at our institution. TIC was noted in 35 cases (33.3%), the mean tumor bed size was 2.7±1.0 cm, mean percentage of residual tumor 40±28% and mean Residual Tumor Index (RTI) (an index previously established as a prognostic parameter by our group) was 1.1±1.0. TIC was significantly associated with perineural invasion (P=0.001), higher tumor bed size (P=0.007), percentage of residual tumor (P=0.009), RTI (P=0.001), ypT stage (P=0.045), and poor treatment response, grouped by a previously established criteria (P=0.010). Using our prior binary reported prognostic cutoff for RTI of ≤0.35 and >0.35, TIC was associated with a RTI >0.35 (P=0.002). Moreover, patients who did not receive neoadjuvant radiation were associated with a higher frequency of TIC (P=0.003). In this cohort, RTI but not TIC was also shown to be a significant independent prognosticator for recurrence-free survival and overall survival on multivariate analysis. In conclusion, TIC is significantly associated with a more aggressive neoplasm which shows a poor treatment response. Further studies will be needed to better understand the tumor biology of TICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván A. González
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Liang-I Kang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Gregory A. Williams
- Division of HPB and GI surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Division of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - David G. DeNardo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - William G. Hawkins
- Division of HPB and GI surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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22
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Gao HF, Cheng CS, Tang J, Li Y, Chen H, Meng ZQ, Chen Z, Chen LY. CXCL9 chemokine promotes the progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma through STAT3-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte suppression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:502-517. [PMID: 31913856 PMCID: PMC6977695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines play essential roles in the progression of various human cancers; however, the expression and role of CXC chemokines in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) have not yet been identified. The aim of this study is to identify the expression patterns, clinical significance and mechanisms of CXC chemokines in regulating tumour microenvironment of PAAD. Three CXC chemokines, including CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10, were significantly overexpressed in PAAD tissues, which were correlated with the poor survival of the patients. CXCL9/10 was associated with change of immune cell pattern in the tumour microenvironment, and supplementation of CXCL9 in the orthotopic murine PAAD model promoted tumour progression. In particular, CXCL9 reduced the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment of PAAD, which could be attributed to the reduced CD8+ T cell proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines. In vitro treatment of CXCL9 directly led to the suppression of the proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines of isolated CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of STAT3 recovered the CXCL9-inhibited proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines of CD8+ T cells. Our study indicates CXCL9 as a potential target of immunotherapy in PAAD treatment by regulating the CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Meng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Yuan H, Li Y, Tian G, Zhang W, Guo H, Xu Q, Wang T. Identification and characterization of three CXC chemokines in Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) uncovers a third CXCL11_like group in fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103454. [PMID: 31326565 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines direct cell migration in development and immune defense, and bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. The chemokine gene family has been rapidly evolving and has undergone species/lineage-specific expansion. Mammals possess inflammatory CXC chemokines CXCL1-8/15 and CXCL9-11 sub-groups, and homeostatic CXCL12-14, 16-17. Orthologues of mammalian CXCL12-14, three chemokines related to CXCL1-8/15 (CXCL8_L1-3), two chemokines related to CXC9-11 (CXCL11_L1-2), and five fish-specific chemokines (CXCL_F1-5) have been described in teleosts. In this study, we reported three novel CXC chemokines in Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, a commercially important freshwater fish species in China. Two of them belong to the fish-specific CXCL_F2 group, named CXCL_F2a/b, that share 89.5% amino acid identity. The other (CXCL11_L3) belongs to a third CXCL11_L related to the mammalian CXCL9-11 subfamily found only in percomorph fish species, and is the only CXCL9-11 related molecules in this lineage. Mammalian CXCL9-11 attract Th1 cells, and block the migration of Th2 cells in an immune response. This study suggests that all major lineages of teleosts have a CXCL9-11 related chemokine that will aid future functional investigation of CXCL11_L in fish. Cxcl_f2a is highly expressed constitutively in the skin of swamp eels that may attract immune cells to protect the skin in the absence of scales. Cxcl11_l3 and cxcl_f2b are highly expressed in immune tissues/organs and are up-regulated by the viral mimic poly I:C, but not bacterial infection in vivo, suggesting their role in anti-viral defense. The two cxcl_f2 paralogues are differentially expressed and modulated, indicating sub- and/or neo-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Yuan
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, PR China
| | - Youshen Li
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Huizhi Guo
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Qiaoqing Xu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
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24
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Targeting CXCR1/2: The medicinal potential as cancer immunotherapy agents, antagonists research highlights and challenges ahead. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111853. [PMID: 31732253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intractable issue in anti-cancer immunotherapy. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 recruit immune suppressive cells such as the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the TME. Therefore, CXCR1/2 antagonists have aroused pharmaceutical interest in recent years. In this review, the medicinal chemistry of CXCR1/2 antagonists and their relevance in cancer immunotherapy have been summarized. The development of the drug candidates, along with their design rationale, clinical status and current challenges have also been discussed.
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25
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Mu L, Yu W, Su H, Lin Y, Sui W, Yu X, Qin C. Relationship between the expressions of PD-L1 and tumour-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1036-1042. [PMID: 30983436 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1573741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on the changes of tumour cells in immune escape, and less is known about the effect of tumour microenvironment (TME) on immune escape. Tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAF) is an important part of the TME and has special physiological and biochemical characteristics, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. In order to investigate the effect of TAF on the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells, gastric cancer cell lines MNK45, SGC7901 were non-contact co-culturing with TAF 1, 3 and 7 d via transwell. PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression were detected using qRT-PCR and FCM. Then, 95 cases of gastric cancer tissues were selected and evaluated PD-L1 and TAF expressions by immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of PD-L1 in the experiment group were significantly higher than that in the control group. PD-L1 expression was associated with massive lymphocyte infiltration, diffuse/mixed histology and intratumoral TAFs in gastric cancers. In conclusion, TAFs promoted the growth in gastric cancer cell lines by increased the PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsong Mu
- a Department of General Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , 250021 , China.,b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Wentao Yu
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Hailong Su
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Yang Lin
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Wu Sui
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Xiang Yu
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Chengkun Qin
- c Department of Hepatological Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , 250021 , China
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26
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Bian X, Xiao YT, Wu T, Yao M, Du L, Ren S, Wang J. Microvesicles and chemokines in tumor microenvironment: mediators of intercellular communications in tumor progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:50. [PMID: 30925930 PMCID: PMC6441155 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the ability of cancer cells to convey biological information to recipient cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumor progression. Microvesicles (MVs) are heterogenous vesicles formed by budding of the cellular membrane, which are secreted in larger amounts by cancer cells than normal cells. Recently, several reports have also disclosed that MVs function as important mediators of intercellular communication between cancerous and stromal cells within the TME, orchestrating complex pathophysiological processes. Chemokines are a family of small inflammatory cytokines that are able to induce chemotaxis in responsive cells. MVs which selective incorporate chemokines as their molecular cargos may play important regulatory roles in oncogenic processes including tumor proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance and immunomodulation, et al. Therefore, it is important to explore the association of MVs and chemokines in TME, identify the potential prognostic marker of tumor, and develop more effective treatment strategies. Here we review the relevant literature regarding the role of MVs and chemokines in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Bian
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Wu
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfei Yao
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Du
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China.
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