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Cozzer GD, Rezende RDS, Lara TS, Machado GH, Dal Magro J, Albeny-Simões D. Predation risk effects on larval development and adult life of Aedes aegypti mosquito. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:29-36. [PMID: 35718943 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532200027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is one of the methods available for control of Aedes aegypti populations. We used experimental microcosms to evaluate the effects of actual predation and predation risk by dragonfly larvae (Odonata) on larval development, adult longevity, and adult size of Ae. aegypti. We used six treatments: control, removal, variable density cues (Cues VD), fixed density cues (Cues FD), variable density predator (Predator VD), and fixed density predator (Predator FD) (n = 5 each). Predator treatments received one dragonfly larva. Cue treatments were composed of crushed Ae. aegypti larvae released into the microcosm. For the FD treatments, we maintained a larval density of 200 individuals. The average mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae in the Predator VD treatment was used as the standard mortality for the other treatments. Mosquitoes from the Predator VD and Cues VD treatments developed faster, and adults were larger and had greater longevity compared to all other treatments, likely due to the higher food availability from larval density reduction. High larval density negatively affected larval developmental time, adult size, and longevity. Males were less sensitive to density-dependent effects. Results from this study suggest that the presence of predators may lead to the emergence of adult mosquitoes with greater fitness, causing an overall positive effect on Ae. aegypti population growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Cozzer
- Community University of the Chapecó Region - Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences - Laboratory of Ecological Entomology, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - R de S Rezende
- Community University of the Chapecó Region - Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences - Laboratory of Ecological Entomology, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - T S Lara
- Community University of the Chapecó Region - Veterinary Medicine, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - G H Machado
- Community University of the Chapecó Region - Veterinary Medicine, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - J Dal Magro
- Community University of the Chapecó Region - Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences - Laboratory of Ecological Entomology, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Vivekanandhan P, Swathy K, Thomas A, Kweka EJ, Rahman A, Pittarate S, Krutmuang P. Insecticidal Efficacy of Microbial-Mediated Synthesized Copper Nano-Pesticide against Insect Pests and Non-Target Organisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910536. [PMID: 34639837 PMCID: PMC8508597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, medical and stored grain pests are major concerns of public health and economies worldwide. The synthetic pesticides cause several side effects to human and non-target organisms. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized from an aqueous extract of Metarhizium robertsii and screened for insecticidal activity against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Tenebrio molitor and other non-target organisms such as Artemia salina, Artemia nauplii, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eudrilus andrei. The synthesized copper nano-particles were characterized using, UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDaX), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HR-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis. Insects were exposed to 25 μg/mL concentration produced significant mortality against larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus and T. molitor. The lower toxicity was observed on non-target organisms. Results showed that, M. robertsii mediated synthesized CuNPs is highly toxic to targeted pests while they had lower toxicity were observed on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Vivekanandhan
- Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions, Grambharti, Amarapur, Gandhinagar 382650, Gujarat, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Kannan Swathy
- Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions, Grambharti, Amarapur, Gandhinagar 382650, Gujarat, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Eliningaya J. Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha P.O. Box 3024, Tanzania;
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania
| | - Afroja Rahman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sarayut Pittarate
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.R.); (S.P.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (P.K.)
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