1
|
de Lima SKS, Cavallone ÍN, Serrano DR, Anaya BJ, Lalatsa A, Laurenti MD, Lago JHG, da Silva Souza DC, Marinsek GP, Lopes BS, de Britto Mari R, Passero LFD. Therapeutic Activity of a Topical Formulation Containing 8-Hydroxyquinoline for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2602. [PMID: 38004580 PMCID: PMC10675550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations; however, only a limited number of drugs are available and include Glucantime® and amphotericin B, which induce unacceptable side effects in patients, limiting their use. Thus, there is an urgent demand to develop a treatment for leishmaniasis. Recently, it was demonstrated that 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) showed significant leishmanicidal effects in vitro and in vivo. Based on that, this work aimed to develop a topical formulation containing 8-HQ and assess its activity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 8-HQ was formulated using a Beeler base at 1 and 2% and showed an emulsion size with a D50 of 25 and 51.3 µm, respectively, with a shear-thinning rheological behaviour. The creams were able to permeate artificial Strat-M membranes and excised porcine skin without causing any morphological changes in the porcine skin or murine skin tested. In BALB/c mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, topical treatment with creams containing 1 or 2% of 8-HQ was found to reduce the parasite burden and lesion size compared to infected controls with comparable efficacy to Glucantime® (50 mg/kg) administered at the site of the cutaneous lesion. In the histological section of the skin from infected controls, a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate with many heavily infected macrophages that were associated with areas of necrosis was observed. On the other hand, animals treated with both creams showed only moderate inflammatory infiltrate, characterised by few infected macrophages, while tissue necrosis was not observed. These histological characteristics in topically treated animals were associated with an increase in the amount of IFN-γ and a reduction in IL-4 levels. The topical use of 8-HQ was active in decreasing tissue parasitism and should therefore be considered an interesting alternative directed to the treatment of leishmaniasis, considering that this type of treatment is non-invasive, painless, and, importantly, does not require hospitalisation, improving patient compliance by allowing the treatment to be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kymberly Santos de Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ítalo Novaes Cavallone
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dolores Remedios Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (B.J.A.)
| | - Brayan J. Anaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (B.J.A.)
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- CRUK Formulation Unit, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Henrique Ghilardi Lago
- Center for Natural and Human Science (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (J.H.G.L.); (D.C.d.S.S.)
| | - Dalete Christine da Silva Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Science (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (J.H.G.L.); (D.C.d.S.S.)
| | - Gabriela Pustiglione Marinsek
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Beatriz Soares Lopes
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Renata de Britto Mari
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, São Vicente 11350-011, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: The Complexity of Host's Effective Immune Response against a Polymorphic Parasitic Disease. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2603730. [PMID: 31871953 PMCID: PMC6913332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2603730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive outline of the immune response displayed against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the more common zoonotic infection caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although of polymorphic clinical presentation, classically CL is characterized by leishmaniotic lesions on the face and extremities of the patients, which can be ulcerative, and even after healing can lead to permanent injuries and disfigurement, affecting significantly their psychological, social, and economic well-being. According a report released by the World Health Organization, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to leishmaniasis are close to 2.4 million, annually there are 1.0–1.5 million new cases of CL, and a numerous population is at risk in the endemic areas. Despite its increasing worldwide incidence, it is one of the so-called neglected tropical diseases. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the existing knowledge of the host innate and acquired immune response to cutaneous species of Leishmania. The use of animal models and of in vitro studies has improved the understanding of parasite-host interplay and the complexity of immune mechanisms involved. The importance of diagnosis accuracy associated with effective patient management in CL reduction is highlighted. However, the multiple factors involved in CL epizoology associated with the unavailability of vaccines or drugs to prevent infection make difficult to formulate an effective strategy for CL control.
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva DTD, Alves ML, Spada JCP, Silva ACD, Silveira RDCVD, Oliveira TMFDS, Starke-Buzetti WA. T lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestinal tissues of dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:159-170. [PMID: 28746446 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was about a semi-quantitative analysis of T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells), and macrophages in the gut wall of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Thirteen dogs were divided into three groups: group 1 (G1, n=5), dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and infected with L. infantum amastigotes in the intestine; group 2 (G2, n=5), dogs with CVL but without intestinal amastigotes; and group 3 (G3, n=3), uninfected dogs (control group). There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) on CD4+ and Treg cell numbers among the groups, whereas the levels of CD8+ T cells and macrophages were significantly higher in dogs from G1 group than in G2 and G3 (p ≤ 0.05), especially in intestinal segments with high parasite burden. Parasite burden correlated positively with levels of CD8+ T cells and macrophages (p ≤ 0.05), but was inversely correlated to levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes and FoxP3+ Treg cells. In conclusion, in the intestine of dogs with CVL, the increase of CD8+ T cells and macrophages population associated with high parasite burdens, but no changes of CD4+ T cells and FoxP3+ Treg cells suggest a possible immunoregulation by the parasite not dependent on Treg cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Júlio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Cristine da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Wilma Aparecida Starke-Buzetti
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aryl thiosemicarbazones: In vitro and immunomodulatory activities against L. amazonensis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Differential Recruitment of Dendritic Cells Subsets to Lymph Nodes Correlates with a Protective or Permissive T-Cell Response during Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis or Leishmania (Leishmania) Amazonensis Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7068287. [PMID: 27073297 PMCID: PMC4814687 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7068287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis (La) and L. (V.) braziliensis (Lb) are responsible for a large clinical and immunopathological spectrum in human disease; while La may be responsible for anergic disease, Lb infection leads to cellular hypersensitivity. To better understand the dichotomy in the immune response caused by these Leishmania species, we evaluated subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocyte in draining lymph nodes during the course of La and Lb infection in BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrated a high involvement of DCs in La infection, which was characterized by the greater accumulation of Langerhans cells (LCs); conversely, Lb infection led to an increase in dermal DCs (dDCs) throughout the infection. Considering the T lymphocyte response, an increase of effector, activated, and memory CD4+ T-cells was observed in Lb infection. Interleukin- (IL-) 4- and IL-10-producing CD4+and CD8+ T-cells were present in both La and Lb infection; however, interferon- (IFN-) γ-producing CD4+and CD8+ T-cells were detected only in Lb infection. The results suggest that during Lb infection, the dDCs were the predominant subset of DCs that in turn was associated with the development of Th1 immune response; in contrast La infection was associated with a preferential accumulation of LCs and total blockage of the development of Th1 immune response.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pinheiro IM, Carvalho IP, de Carvalho CES, Brito LM, da Silva ABS, Conde Júnior AM, de Carvalho FAA, Carvalho ALM. Evaluation of the in vivo leishmanicidal activity of amphotericin B emulgel: An alternative for the treatment of skin leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2016; 164:49-55. [PMID: 26902606 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is an infectious disease that can be fatal. The first line of treatment is pentavalent antimonies. However, due to its potential to develop resistance, Amphotericin B (AmB) started to be used as an alternative medicine. Current treatments are limited, a fact that has led to a growing interesting in developing new therapies. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential in vivo of an amphotericin B + oleic acid (OA) emulgel in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an experimental model. Strains of Leishmania major MHOM/IL/80/Friendlin of Leishmania major were used. The animals were inoculated subcutaneously. After the development of leishmanial, nodular or ulcerative lesions, the animals were divided into three groups (control, Group A and Group B) and treated twice a day for twelve days. The weight of the animals was measured and the size of the lesions was observed. A histopathological analysis was performed with skin fragments of lesions and with the spleen of animals treated with different treatments (emulgel, AmB 3% emulgel and AmB 3% plus OA 5% emulgel). It was observed that when subjected to treatment with AmB 3% emulgel during the study period using both formulations, with enhancer and without enhancer, ulcerative lesions regress gradually or even complete cure. The quantification of the average number of parasites recovered from the inoculation site was made after the treatment in each group and the differences were considered significant. The treatment with AmB 3% and OA 5% emulgel had the best in vivo therapeutic response, showing good prospects for cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy as an alternative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Pereira Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Moreira Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Airton Mendes Conde Júnior
- Adjunto do Departamento de Morfologia do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campos BLS, Silva TN, Ribeiro SP, Carvalho KIL, Kallás EG, Laurenti MD, Passero LFD. Analysis of iron superoxide dismutase-encoding DNA vaccine on the evolution of the Leishmania amazonensis experimental infection. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:407-16. [PMID: 26040192 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of Leishmania amazonensis iron superoxide dismutase (SOD)-encoding DNA experimental vaccine and the protective properties of this DNA vaccine during infection. The SOD gene was subcloned into the pVAX1 plasmid, and it was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Twenty-one days after the last immunization, mice were sacrificed (immunogenicity studies) or subcutaneously challenged with L. amazonensis (studies of protection), and alterations in cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated, as well as the course of infection. Mice only immunized with pVAX1-SOD presented increased frequencies of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) lymphocytes; moreover, high levels of IgG2a were detected. After challenge, mice that were immunized with pVAX1-SOD had increased frequencies of the CD4(+)IL-4(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, the lymph node cells produced high amounts of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines. Increased IgG2a was also detected. The pattern of immunity induced by pVAX1-SOD partially protected the BALB/c mice from a challenge with L. amazonensis, as the animals presented reduced parasitism and lesion size when compared to controls. Taken together, these results indicate that leishmanial SOD modulates the lymphocyte response, and that the elevation in IFN-γ possibly accounted for the decreased skin parasitism observed in immunized animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L S Campos
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T N Silva
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K I L Carvalho
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E G Kallás
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F D Passero
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Differential modulation of macrophage response elicited by glycoinositolphospholipids and lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania (Viannia) shawi. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:32-5. [PMID: 25619843 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, some aspects of the glycobiology of Leishmania shawi were examined, as it is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Additionally, the interaction of L. shawi's main glycoconjugates [lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs)] with macrophages was evaluated in vitro. L. shawi LPG was devoid of side-chains in its repeat units, whereas monosaccharide analysis showed that GIPLs were suggestive of mannose-rich (type I or hybrid). In order to evaluate the biological roles of those molecules, BALB/c resident peritoneal macrophages were incubated with these glycoconjugates for 24h, and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-10, were determined. In general, the GIPLs exhibited a greater proinflammatory role than the LPGs did. However, for the first time, the GIPLs from this species were able to trigger the production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, L. shawi glycoconjugates were able to interact with the innate immune compartment. These data reinforce the role of parasite glycoconjugates during parasite and host cell interactions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Carvalho AK, Silveira FT, Passero LFD, Gomes CMC, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis promote differential expression of dendritic cells and cellular immune response in murine model. Parasite Immunol 2013; 34:395-403. [PMID: 22587683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The expression of Langerhans cell (LC) and dermal dendritic cell (dDC) as well as T CD4(+) and CD8(+) immune responses was evaluated in the skin of BALB/c mice experimentally infected by L. (L.) amazonensis (La) and L. (V.) braziliensis (Lb). At 4th and 8th weeks post infection (PI), skin biopsies were collected to determine the parasite load and CD207(+), CD11c(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), iNOS(+) cellular densities. Cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) profiles were also analysed in draining lymph node. At 4th week, the densities of CD207(+) and CD11c(+) were higher in the La infection, while in the Lb infection, these markers revealed a significant increase at 8th week. At 4th week, CD4(+) and CD8(+) were higher in the La infection, but at 8th week, there was a substantial increase in both markers in the Lb infection. iNOS(+) was higher in the Lb infection at 4th and 8th weeks. In contrast, the parasite load was higher in the La infection at 4th and 8th weeks. The concentration of IFN-γ was higher in the Lb infection, but IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in the La infection at 4th and 8th weeks. These results confirm the role of the Leishmania species in the BALB/c mice disease characterized by differences in the expression of dendritic cells and cellular immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Passero LFD, Carvalho AK, Bordon MLAC, Bonfim-Melo A, Carvalho K, Kallás EG, Santos BBA, Toyama MH, Paes-Leme A, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Proteins of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi confer protection associated with Th1 immune response and memory generation. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:64. [PMID: 22463817 PMCID: PMC3342111 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania (Viannia) shawi parasite was first characterized in 1989. Recently the protective effects of soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) from L. (V.) shawi promastigotes were demonstrated using BALB/c mice, the susceptibility model for this parasite. In order to identify protective fractions, SLA was fractionated by reverse phase HPLC and five antigenic fractions were obtained. METHODS F1 fraction was purified from L. (V.) shawi parasite extract by reverse phase HPLC. BALB/c mice were immunized once a week for two consecutive weeks by subcutaneous routes in the rump, using 25 μg of F1. After 1 and 16 weeks of last immunization, groups were challenged in the footpad with L. (V.) shawi promastigotes. After 2 months, those same mice were sacrificed and parasite burden, cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. RESULTS The F1 fraction induced a high degree of protection associated with an increase in IFN-γ, a decrease in IL-4, increased cell proliferation and activation of CD8+T lymphocytes. Long-term protection was acquired in F1-immunized mice, associated with increased CD4+ central memory T lymphocytes and activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, F1-immunized groups showed an increase in IgG2a levels. CONCLUSIONS The inductor capability of antigens to generate memory lymphocytes that can proliferate and secrete beneficial cytokines upon infection could be an important factor in the development of vaccine candidates against American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe D Passero
- Depto. de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), São Paulo, Brazil
- Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Depto. de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Kely Carvalho
- Depto. de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria LAC Bordon
- Depto. de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, (LIM-60), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallás
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, (LIM-60), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca BA Santos
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, (LIM-60), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Toyama
- Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos EP Corbett
- Depto. de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Depto. de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller DD, Gilchrest BA, Garg A, Goldberg LJ, Bhawan J. Acute New World cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting as tuberculoid granulomatous dermatitis. J Cutan Pathol 2012; 39:361-5. [PMID: 22236114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute primary cutaneous leishmaniasis typically presents microscopically with a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate containing admixed plasma cells, parasitized macrophages and abundant organisms. Tuberculoid granulomatous changes may occur in the later phases of primary infection. A 23-year-old male presented 1 month after visiting Peru with classic clinical findings of acute primary cutaneous leishmaniasis, while histopathology showed a tuberculoid granulomatous process that lacked any organisms in hematoxylin-eosin and fungal stains. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and tissue cultures confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis with Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis infection. A pauci-organism tuberculoid granulomatous process may uncommonly be the presenting histopathology in the acute infectious phase of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinicians and dermatopathologists should be aware of this atypical presentation, which may cause diagnostic confusion and delay proper treatment. PCR testing should be employed in cases with high clinical suspicion when histopathology is not definitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Miller
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Passero LFD, Carvalho AK, Bordon MLAC, Bonfim-Melo A, Toyama MH, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Leishmania (Viannia) shawi purified antigens confer protection against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Inflamm Res 2011; 61:255-63. [PMID: 22166919 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leishmania (Viannia) shawi was characterized only recently, and few studies concerning the immunogenic and protective properties of its antigens have been performed. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of the five antigenic fractions isolated from L. (V.) shawi promastigotes in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Soluble antigen from L. (V.) shawi promastigotes was submitted to reverse phase HPLC to purify F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized once a week for two consecutive weeks by subcutaneous routes in the rump, using 25 μg protein. After 1 week, groups were challenged in the footpad with L. (V.) shawi promastigotes. After 8 weeks, those same mice were sacrificed and parasite burden as well as the cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. RESULTS F1 and F5-immunized mice restrained lesion progression and parasite load in the skin. However, only the F1 group was able to control the parasitism in lymph nodes, which was associated with low IL-4 and high IFN-γ production; IgG2a isotype was increased in this group. Immunizations with F2, F3 and F4 antigens did not protect mice. CONCLUSION The capability of antigens to restrain IL-4 levels and increase IFN-γ was associated with protection, such as in immunization using F1 antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departmento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Passero LFD, Marques C, Vale-Gato I, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD, Santos-Gomes G. Analysis of the protective potential of antigens released by Leishmania (Viannia) shawi promastigotes. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 304:47-55. [PMID: 21882046 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) shawi causes cutaneous lesions in humans. Parasite antigens conferring significant protection against American tegumentar leishmaniosis (ATL) might be important for the development of effective vaccine. Therefore, this work evaluates the protective effect of antigenic fractions released by L. shawi. Antigens released by promastigotes to culture medium were concentrated and isolated by SDS-PAGE. The three main fractions LsPass1 (>75 kDa), LsPass2 (75-50 kDa) and LsPass3 (<50 kDa) were electro-eluted according with their molecular mass. Immunized BALB/c mice were challenged with L. shawi promastigotes and the course of infection monitored during 5 weeks. LsPass1-challenged mice showed no protection, however, a strong degree of protection associated to smaller lesions and high expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and double negative CD4CD8 cells was achieved in LsPass3-challenged mice. Furthermore, LsPass2-challenged mice showed an intermediated degree of protection associated to high levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA. In spite of increased expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, high amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were also detected in LsPass3-challenged mice indicating a possible contribution of these cytokines for the persistence of a residual number of parasites that may be important in inducing long-lasting immunity. Therefore, LsPass3 seems to be an interesting alternative that should be considered in the development of an effective vaccine against ATL.
Collapse
|
14
|
Passero LFD, Bonfim-Melo A, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD, Toyama MH, de Toyama DO, Romoff P, Fávero OA, dos Grecco SS, Zalewsky CA, Lago JHG. Anti-leishmanial effects of purified compounds from aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella C. DC. (Asteraceae). Parasitol Res 2011; 108:529-36. [PMID: 20886232 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Species of Baccharis exhibit antibiotic, antiseptic, wound-healing, and anti-protozoal properties, and have been used in the traditional medicine of South America for the treatment of several diseases. In the present work, the fractionation of EtOH extract from aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella indicated that the isolated compounds caffeic acid and pectolinaringenin showed inhibitory activity against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis promastigotes, respectively. Moreover, amastigote forms of both species were highly sensible to the fraction composed by oleanolic + ursolic acids and pectolinaringenin. Caffeic acid also inhibited amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis, but this effect was weak in L. (V.) braziliensis amastigotes. The treatment of infected macrophages with these compounds did not alter the levels of nitrates, indicating a direct effect of the compounds on amastigote stages. The results presented herein suggest that the active components from B. uncinella can be important to the design of new drugs against American tegumentar leishmaniases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe D Passero
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Passero LFD, Da Costa Bordon MLA, De Carvalho AK, Martins LM, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Exacerbation of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi infection in BALB/c mice after immunization with soluble antigen from amastigote forms. APMIS 2010; 118:973-81. [PMID: 21091779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunization with soluble amastigote (AmaAg) and promastigote (ProAg) antigens from Leishmania (Viannia) shawi on the course of infection in BALB/c mice. After immunization with AmaAg, the challenged group showed greater lesion size and parasite load in the skin and lymph nodes, associated with diminished interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and nitrate levels in the supernatant of lymph node cell cultures, together with increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β concentrations and humoral immune response. In contrast, immunization with ProAg led to smaller lesion size with reduced numbers of viable parasites in the skin. Protection was associated with increases in IL-12, IFN-γ, TGF-β and nitrates and decreases in IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Concerning humoral immune response, a significant reduction in anti-leishmania immunoglobulin G was verified in the ProAg-challenged group. Analysis of these results suggests that AmaAg induced a suppressive cellular immune response in mice, favouring the spread of infection, whereas ProAg induced partial protection associated with increased cellular immune response.
Collapse
|