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Ahmad AA, Ramadan HKA, Hassan WA, Hakami MA, Huseein EAM, Mohamed SAA, Mohamed AA, Elossily NA. New perspectives for fascioliasis in Upper Egypt's new endemic region: Sociodemographic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola in humans, animals, and lymnaeid vectors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0011000. [PMID: 36576925 PMCID: PMC9797099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascioliasis is a significant vector-borne disease that has emerged in numerous tropical and subtropical countries causing severe health problems. Egypt is one of the fascioliasis endemic regions; however, the current situation in Upper Egypt is understudied, with only sporadic human cases or outbreaks. This study aims to highlight the sociodemographic characteristics of human fascioliasis in a newly emerged endemic area in Upper Egypt, along with risk factors analysis and the molecular characteristics of the fasciolid population in humans, animals, and lymnaeid snails. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The study reported Fasciola infection in patients and their close relatives by analyzing the risk of human infection. Morphological and molecular characterization was performed on lymnaeid snails. Multigene sequencing was also used to characterize fasciolids from human cases, cattle, and pooled snail samples. The study identified asymptomatic Fasciola infection among family members and identified the presence of peridomestic animals as a significant risk factor for infection. This is the first genetic evidence that Radix auricularia exists as the snail intermediate host in Egypt. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed that Assiut Governorate in Upper Egypt is a high-risk area for human fascioliasis that requires additional control measures. Fasciola hepatica was the main causative agent infecting humans and snail vectors in this newly emerged endemic area. In addition, this is the first report of R. auricularia as the snail intermediate host transmitting fascioliasis in Upper Egypt. Further research is required to clarify the widespread distribution of Fasciola in Egypt's various animal hosts. This provides insight into the mode of transmission, epidemiological criteria, and genetic diversity of fasciolid populations in Upper Egypt.\.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Waleed Attia Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Department of Parasitology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adnan Ahmed Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Nahed Ahmed Elossily
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Parasitology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Ichikawa-Seki M, Hayashi K, Tashiro M, Khadijah S. Dispersal direction of Malaysian Fasciola gigantica from neighboring southeast Asian countries inferred using mitochondrial DNA analysis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105373. [PMID: 36202207 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica and hybrid Fasciola flukes, responsible for the disease fasciolosis, are found in Southeast Asian countries. In the present study, we performed molecular species identification of Fasciola flukes distributed in Terengganu, Malaysia using multiplex PCR for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for DNA polymerase delta (pold). Simultaneously, phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) was performed for the first time on Malaysian Fasciola flukes to infer the dispersal direction among neighboring countries. A total of 40 flukes used in this study were identified as F. gigantica. Eight nad1 haplotypes were identified in the F. gigantica population of Terengganu. Median-joining network analysis revealed that the Malaysian population was related to those obtained from bordering countries such as Thailand and Indonesia. However, genetic differentiation was detected using population genetics analyses. Nevertheless, the nucleotide diversity (π) value suggested that F. gigantica with the predominant haplotypes was introduced into Malaysia from Thailand and Indonesia. The dispersal direction suggested by population genetics in the present study may not be fully reliable since Fasciola flukes were collected from a single location in one state of Malaysia. Further studies analyzing more samples from many locations are required to validate the dispersal direction proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - S Khadijah
- School of Food Science and Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; GYST Parasitology Services, CSIRO Armidale, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Multiplex PCR and Sequence Analysis to Investigate Genetic Diversity of Fasciola Isolates from Cattle and Sheep in Turkey. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111235. [DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a highly prevalent helminthic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. With the aim of identifying hybrid Fasciola flukes, multiplex PCR was performed to amplify the pepck gene. Furthermore, to determine Fasciola haplotypes, mitochondrial nad1 gene was amplified and sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Adult Fasciola isolates were collected from 51 cattle and 51 sheep, genomic DNA was isolated, and one-step multiplex PCR was subsequently performed to amplify pepck. Isolates that generated a 510 bp band were identified as F. gigantica, those that generated a 241 bp band were identified as F. hepatica, and those that generated both bands were identified as hybrid (aspermic) flukes. Multiplex PCR data identified four isolates as F. gigantica and 84 as F. hepatica. Fourteen hybrid isolates (five cattle and nine sheep) were identified. On unidirectional DNA sequence analysis of nad1 PCR products, three sequences were identified as F. gigantica and 99 as F. hepatica. In addition, only 4 of 87 haplotypes detected for F. hepatica nad1 sequences were found to be previously reported, while the remaining 83 are unique to this study. To summarize, this study is the first to report the existence of hybrid Fasciola flukes and 83 unique haplotypes of F. hepatica in Turkey.
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Molecular analyses confirm the coexistence of Fasciola gigantica and parthenogenetic Fasciola in the Philippines. Parasitol Int 2022; 88:102562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Itagaki T, Hayashi K, Ohari Y. The causative agents of fascioliasis in animals and humans: Parthenogenetic Fasciola in Asia and other regions. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105248. [PMID: 35183754 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic Fasciola is the causative agent of fascioliasis in animals and humans and is widely distributed in Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea, China, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. Parthenogenetic Fasciola geographically originated from central and eastern China, where it exists between the habitats of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica; it likely appeared thousands of years ago following hybridization between F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Parthenogenetic Fasciola consists of diploids and triploids that possess nuclear genome of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica and mitochondrial genome of either F. hepatica or F. gigantica. Maternal parents of parthenogenetic Fasciola are either F. hepatica having Fh-C4 haplotype or F. gigantica having Fg-C2 haplotype in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) nucleotide sequences. Parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes with the Fh-C4 haplotype have spread from China to South Korea and Japan, whereas the flukes with the Fg-C2 haplotype have not only spread to Korea and Japan but also southward to Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. Parthenogenetic Fasciola can be distinguished from F. hepatica and F. gigantica using combinational DNA sequence analysis of nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase delta (pold) along with mitochondrial ND1 markers. The establishment of parthenogenetic Fasciola is expected as follows: parthenogenetic diploids with the Fh-C4 and Fg-C2 haplotypes first appeared based on single or multiple interspecific hybridization events; subsequently, parthenogenetic triploids emerged via backcross events between the maternal parthenogenetic diploid and either paternal bisexual F. hepatica or F. gigantica. Parthenogenetic Fasciola diploids and triploids then survived for thousands of years by clonal parthenogenetic reproduction, and generated descendants with ND1 haplotypes, which were derived from the Fh-C4 and Fg-C2 due to nucleotide substitution. Thus, the emergence of parthenogenetic Fasciola may be due to extremely uncommon and accidental events. Parthenogenetic Fasciola should be treated as a new asexual hybrid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Ohari Y, Matsuo K, Yoshida A, Nonaka N, Sato H, Itagaki T. Genetic diversity and population structure analyses based on microsatellite DNA of parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes obtained from cattle and sika deer in Japan. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1341-1350. [PMID: 33554278 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the population structure of Fasciola flukes in domestic and wild animals is important for determining the extent of cross-infection between them. Although the parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes in Japan have been shown to comprise five genetic types based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) regions, these genetic regions are not suitable for analyzing their population structure. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of the parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes in Japan were studied using microsatellite DNA, ITS1, and nad1 regions. A total of 144 parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes, obtained from cattle and sika deer in 16 localities, were individually analyzed using PCR-RFLP for ITS1, PCR-direct sequence analysis for nad1, and post-labeling PCR and capillary electrophoresis for microsatellite DNA regions. The flukes showed higher genetic diversity in the microsatellite DNA regions than ITS1 and nad1. The population structures of parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes were unclear, however, it was suggested that the flukes are more diverse populations. We hypothesized that their distribution throughout Japan is closely related to livestock movement dependent on human activity. Moreover, it is considered that cross-infection of the flukes between cattle and sika deer possibly has occurred in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsuo
- Hida Regional Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 305 Mikkatyo, Takayama, Gifu, 506-0102, Japan.,Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-0075, Japan.,Centre for Animal Diseases Control (CADIC), University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-0075, Japan.,Centre for Animal Diseases Control (CADIC), University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan. .,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Rehman ZU, Tashibu A, Tashiro M, Rashid I, Ali Q, Zahid O, Ashraf K, Shehzad W, Chaudhry U, Ichikawa-Seki M. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Fasciola gigantica of buffaloes and goats in Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitol Int 2021; 82:102288. [PMID: 33515742 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica is considered to be a major pathogen causing fasciolosis in the Indian subcontinent, resulting in production losses of millions of dollars in the livestock industry. Understading the dispersal origin and the patterns of spread of F. gigantica is important. A total of 53 Fasciola flukes collected from buffaloes and goats in Punjab, Pakistan between 2017 and 2018 were identified as F. gigantica based on the multiplex PCR for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for DNA polymerase delta (pold). A significant genetic difference between F. gigantica from buffaloes and goats was indicated by the genetic analyses of mitochondrial markers, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Phylogenetic analysis of the seventeen nad1 haplotypes of F. gigantica from Pakistan with those in neighbouring countries of the Indian subcontinent revealed that all the haplotypes identified in Pakistan were clustered in haplogroup A. fasciola gigantica with the eight haplotypes might be expanded in Pakistan from Indian origin, along with the migration of the domestic animals, since they were related to Indian haplotypes. In contrast, the remaining nine haplotypes were not shared with any neighbouring countries, suggesting independent origin, probably from neighbouring Middle East countries. However, cautious interpretation is required due to the very limited samples size of this study. Our study provides a proof of concept for a method that could be used to investigate the epidemiology of F. gigantica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Atsushi Tashibu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Parasitology, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khah, Pakistan
| | - Osama Zahid
- Department of Parasitology, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khah, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Kasahara S, Ohari Y, Jin S, Calvopina M, Takagi H, Sugiyama H, Itagaki T. Molecular characterization revealed Fasciola specimens in Ecuador are all Fasciola hepatica, none at all of Fasciola gigantica or parthenogenic Fasciola species. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102215. [PMID: 33147499 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
All 225 Fasciola flukes obtained from domestic animals (73 cattle, 7 sheep and 1 pig) of 18 distinct geographic areas in Ecuador-South America, were identified as Fasciola hepatica, based on molecular analyses of nuclear pepck and pold genes, and mitochondrial nad1gene as well as the morphological observation of sperm within the seminal vesicles. Fasciola gigantica and parthenogenic Fasciola forms endemic to Asian countries were not found in this study, although zebu cattle and water buffalos have introduced into South America from Asia; this could be due to the absence of suitable intermediate host snails. The results of pepck analysis using multiplex PCR developed previously showed that 32 of the flukes could not be confirmed as F. hepatica, suggesting that the method is unreliable for the accurate discrimination of F. hepatica, and that pepck gene of the species consists of multiple loci, not a single locus. The results of genetic diversity, phylogenetic, and network analyses based on mitochondrial nad1 sequences suggest that F. hepatica populations in South America, including Ecuador, formed from the ancestral F. hepatica individuals introduced into the continent along with anthropogenic movement of livestock infected with the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kasahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Sakura Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Manuel Calvopina
- OneHealth Research Group, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Americas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Hidekazu Takagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Sumruayphol S, Siribat P, Dujardin JP, Dujardin S, Komalamisra C, Thaenkham U. Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica and Fasciola intermediate forms: geometric morphometrics and an artificial neural network to help morphological identification. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8597. [PMID: 32117632 PMCID: PMC7034386 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica cause fascioliasis in both humans and livestock. Some adult specimens of Fasciola sp. referred to as “intermediate forms” based on their genetic traits, are also frequently reported. Simple morphological criteria are unreliable for their specific identification. In previous studies, promising phenotypic identification scores were obtained using morphometrics based on linear measurements (distances, angles, curves) between anatomical features. Such an approach is commonly termed “traditional” morphometrics, as opposed to “modern” morphometrics, which is based on the coordinates of anatomical points. Methods Here, we explored the possible improvements that modern methods of morphometrics, including landmark-based and outline-based approaches, could bring to solving the problem of the non-molecular identification of these parasites. F. gigantica and Fasciola intermediate forms suitable for morphometric characterization were selected from Thai strains following their molecular identification. Specimens of F. hepatica were obtained from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (UK). Using these three taxa, we tested the taxonomic signal embedded in traditional linear measurements versus the coordinates of anatomical points (landmark- and outline-based approaches). Various statistical techniques of validated reclassification were used, based on either the shortest Mahalanobis distance, the maximum likelihood, or the artificial neural network method. Results Our results revealed that both traditional and modern morphometric approaches can help in the morphological identification of Fasciola sp. We showed that the accuracy of the traditional approach could be improved by selecting a subset of characters among the most contributive ones. The influence of size on discrimination by shape was much more important in traditional than in modern analyses. In our study, the modern approach provided different results according to the type of data: satisfactory when using pseudolandmarks (outlines), less satisfactory when using landmarks. The different reclassification methods provided approximately similar scores, with a special mention to the neural network, which allowed improvements in accuracy by combining data from both morphometric approaches. Conclusion We conclude that morphometrics, whether traditional or modern, represent a valuable tool to assist in Fasciola species recognition. The general level of accuracy is comparable among the various methods, but their demands on skills and time differ. Based on the outline method, our study could provide the first description of the shape differences between species, highlighting the more globular contours of the intermediate forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Sumruayphol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praphaiphat Siribat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sébastien Dujardin
- IRD, UMR, INTERTRYP IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chalit Komalamisra
- Mahidol-Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urusa Thaenkham
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ohari Y, Hayashi K, Mohanta UK, Oshida T, Itagaki T. Phylogenetic relationships between Lymnaeidae in relation to infection withFasciolasp. in Hokkaido, Japan. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2020.1716497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Morioka, Japan
- Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary 13 Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Morioka, Japan
- Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary 13 Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Morioka, Japan
- Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary 13 Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Oshida
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Morioka, Japan
- Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary 13 Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Chontananarth T, Parawat J. Development of Cytochrome B, a new candidate gene for a high accuracy detection of Fasciola eggs in fecal specimens. Vet Parasitol 2019; 274:108922. [PMID: 31539665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis among domestic ruminants has resulted in a decrease in the production of milk products and has occasionally led to the deaths of young ruminants due to of acute infections. This study aimed to discriminate between the eggs of Fasciola gigantica and other trematode eggs in samples collected from ruminant feces specimens using PCR-based methods with the new candidate gene Cytochrome B (CYTB). A species-specific primer was developed with a high degree of sensitivity (3.285 pg). The primer was able to amplify the F. gigantica genomic DNA and there were no positive results with the other related trematodes (Paramphistomum sp., Orthocoelium sp., Fischoederius sp., Calicophoron sp., Echinostoma revolutum, E. cinetorchis, E. ilocanum and Isthmiophora hortensis), freshwater snails (Lymnaea auricularia, Bithynia siamensis, Indoplanorbis exustus, Melanoides tuberculata, Tarebia granifera) or definitive hosts (Bos primigenius and Bubalus bubalis). The minimum concentration of DNA from eggs that could be give a positive result was 3.285 pg. Moreover, the results of the study confirmed the existence of F. gigantica in Nakhon Pathom Province with a high prevalence (28.57%) and revealed the area of infection through epidemiological mapping. Thus, the species-specific primer and epidemiological data in this study may be helpful for use in epidemiological studies, phylogenetic studies and veterinary studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasitic Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Janjura Parawat
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Loeurng V, Ichikawa-Seki M, Wannasan A, Sothyra T, Chaisowwong W, Tiwananthagorn S. Genetic Characterization of Cambodian Fasciola gigantica and Dispersal Direction of the Species in Asia. Vet Parasitol 2019; 273:45-51. [PMID: 31442892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica and hybrid Fasciola are distributed throughout Asia. Herein, we investigated the species of the Fasciola fluke distributed in three hotspots of fascioliasis in Cambodia. A total of 92 flukes collected from 21 slaughtered cattle from Kandal (44), Battambang (41), and Kratie (7) Provinces were identified as F. gigantica using multiplex PCR for a nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene. The overall prevalence of F. gigantica infestation was 7.14% (21/294). Phylogenetic as well as population genetics analyses were performed using the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1). The 19 ND1 haplotypes were identified from Cambodian F. gigantica (haplotype diversity, 0.83). All of the haplotypes were classified into F. gigantica haplogroup C, which includes ND1 haplotypes detected from Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, and China. Among haplogroup C, novel and unique haplotypes of Cambodia were found in the Battambang and Kandal Provinces, and the nucleotide diversity of the Cambodian population (0.00532) was the highest. Pairwise fixation indices among the F. gigantica populations from these countries indicated that the Cambodian and Thailand populations were related to each other. The highest genetic diversity in the Cambodian population suggests that F. gigantica in Cambodia may be the ancestor of the populations in Southeast Asian countries. Most likely, livestock movement, including Zebu cattle, played an important role in the transmission of F. gigantica. In this study, the hybrid Fasciola flukes that are commonly found in neighboring countries, were not found in Cambodia. Further comprehensive investigations of Fasciola prevalence should be conducted by analyzing a wider range of hosts throughout Cambodia to reach a more solid conclusion about the absence of hybrid flukes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandara Loeurng
- Veterinary Public Health Center for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Excellent Center of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Anchalee Wannasan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Tum Sothyra
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 12350, Cambodia.
| | - Warangkhana Chaisowwong
- Excellent Center of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
| | - Saruda Tiwananthagorn
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Excellent Center in Veterinary Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
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Thang TN, Hakim H, Rahimi RR, Ichikawa-Seki M. Molecular analysis reveals expansion of Fasciola hepatica distribution from Afghanistan to China. Parasitol Int 2019; 72:101930. [PMID: 31121267 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase delta (pold) were established as reliable nuclear markers for species identification of Fasciola spp. in multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based assays, respectively. Currently, little is known about Fasciola species distribution in Central Asia. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to perform precise molecular species identification of liver flukes from Afghanistan and to reveal their dispersal route(s) via phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial nad1 haplotypes. Ninety-two Fasciolaflukes collected from sheep in Kabul, Afghanistan, were identified as F. hepatica based on pepck and pold screening. Although the pepck fragment pattern obtained via multiplex PCR analysis could not distinguish the species of the seven Fasciola flukes, the pepck nucleotide sequence data confirmed that they were F. hepatica.The 20 nad1 haplotypes detected among the Afghani liver flukes were closely related to those from China and Egypt, with the FSTvalue (-0.003, P = .41) between the F. hepatica populations from Afghanistan and China confirming a very close relationship. Nucleotide diversity was greater in the population from Afghanistan compared with that from China, indicating that the Afghani population was older, and that the dispersal direction of F. hepatica was from Afghanistan to China. The results of the present study contribute to our understanding of the dispersal of F. hepatica from its predicted origin, the Fertile Crescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhat Thang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Viet Nam
| | - Hakimullah Hakim
- Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Kabul University, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan
| | - Raihana Royan Rahimi
- Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Kabul University, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Aghayan S, Gevorgian H, Ebi D, Atoyan HA, Addy F, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, Wassermann M. Fasciola spp. in Armenia: Genetic diversity in a global context. Vet Parasitol 2019; 268:21-31. [PMID: 30981302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, a food- and waterborne infection caused by the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is recognized by WHO as a neglected zoonotic disease. Whereas F. hepatica is distributed worldwide in cooler climates, F. gigantica occurs mainly in the tropics of Africa and Asia. The southern Caucasus, with Armenia, is one of the most northern regions where both species occur and may produce hybrids. In this study, livestock in central Armenia was surveyed for fasciolosis, the causative species were determined and the genetic diversity of both species was estimated. Total prevalence in sheep (1794), cattle (324) and goats (9) was 21.2%, 15.7% and 44.4%, respectively. After morphological identification and sequencing of a mitochondrial (nad1) and a nuclear marker gene (28S rRNA), 62 collected specimens were allocated to F. hepatica (n = 55) and F. gigantica (n = 7). Intraspecific diversity was evaluated for the complete nad1 gene, resulting in 29 haplotypes of F. hepatica and six haplotypes of F. gigantica. Diversity was higher among F. gigantica than F. hepatica in the Armenian sample set, a difference that was confirmed analyzing available sequences for both species worldwide. Maximum genetic distance between haplotypes in global networks was 49 nucleotide steps for F. gigantica compared to 15 for F. hepatica. In the available sample sets, F. hepatica showed higher diversity in western Asia and the Middle East compared to Europe and eastern Asia, while for F. gigantica loosely structured clusters comprising mainly western/southern Asian and African haplotypes could be identified. A distinct clade comprising haplotypes from Zambia was basal in the phylogenetic tree. Biogeographical implications of these data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargis Aghayan
- Chair of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hasmik Gevorgian
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia; National Institute of Health, Moh Ra, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dennis Ebi
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Francis Addy
- Department of Biotechnology, University for Development Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Ute Mackenstedt
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Romig
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marion Wassermann
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Nguyen TBN, De NV, Nguyen TKL, Quang HH, Doan HTT, Agatsuma T, Le TH. Distribution Status of Hybrid Types in Large Liver Flukes, Fasciola Species (Digenea: Fasciolidae), from Ruminants and Humans in Vietnam. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:453-461. [PMID: 30419731 PMCID: PMC6243193 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to delineate ‘admixed hybrid’ and ‘introgressive’ Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating ‘pure’ F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Nga Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van De
- Hanoi Medical University, 1. Ton That Tung street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Huynh Hong Quang
- Institute for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology in Quy Nhon, Nguyen Thai Hoc, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Genetic characterisation of Fasciola gigantica from Ghana. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 14:106-110. [PMID: 31014713 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are the causal agents of the zoonotic food-born disease fascioliasis. Africa is primarily endemic to F. gigantica, although sympatric presence of F. hepatica is known for some countries. The present situation of fascioliasis in western Africa, and Ghana in particular, is still poorly understood, and studies including molecular identification of species and variants are lacking. In this explorative study we genotyped 19 Fasciola isolates obtained by opportunistic sampling in the Upper East and Upper West Regions of Ghana. All isolates were identified as F. gigantica based on a partial sequence of the 28S rRNA (548 bp) gene. In addition, the complete mtDNA nad1 (903 bp) gene was employed to infer intraspecific microvariation among isolates. Six nad1 haplotypes were identified that clustered into two West African haplogroups when compared with previous records from Nigeria. These preliminary data suggest that fascioliasis in Ghana is (at least) mainly caused by F. gigantica, and that transmission may be principally autochthonous. However, the small number of isolates prevents firm conclusions, and this study is intended to stimulate molecular surveys on this neglected disease in a neglected region.
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Hayashi K, Ichikawa-Seki M, Mohanta UK, Shoriki T, Chaichanasak P, Itagaki T. Hybrid origin of Asian aspermic Fasciola flukes is confirmed by analyzing two single-copy genes, pepck and pold. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:98-102. [PMID: 29187710 PMCID: PMC5797866 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear gene markers, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase delta (pold), have been developed for precise discrimination of Fasciola flukes
instead of internal transcribed spacer 1. In this study, these two genes of 730 Fasciola flukes from eight Asian countries were analyzed. The results were compared with their mitochondrial NADH
dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) lineages for obtaining a definitive evidence of the hybrid origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes. All the flukes categorized into the aspermic
nad1 lineages possessed both the fragment patterns of F. hepatica and F. gigantica (mixed types) in pepck and/or pold. These findings
provide clear evidence for the hybrid origin of aspermic Fasciola lineages and suggest that “aspermic Fasciola flukes” should hereafter be called “hybrid Fasciola
flukes”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Takuya Shoriki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Pannigan Chaichanasak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Road, Nong Chok, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Rouhani S, Raeghi S, Spotin A. Spermatogenic and Phylo-molecular Characterizations of Isolated Fasciola Spp. From Cattle, North West Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:204-209. [PMID: 29023077 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.204.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fascioliasis is economically important to the livestock industry that caused with Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The objective of this study was to identify these two species F. hepatica and F. gigantica by using nuclear and mitochondrial markers (ITS1, ND1 and CO1) and have been employed to analyze intraspecific phylogenetic relations of Fasciola spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approximately 150 Fasciola specimens were collected, then stained with haematoxylin-carmine dye and observed under an optical microscope to examine for the existence of sperm. The ITS1 marker was used to identify different Fasciola and phylogenetic analysis based on ND1 and CO1 sequence data were conducted by maximum likelihood algorithm. RESULTS Fasciola samples were separated into 2 groups. Almost all specimens had many sperms in the seminal vesicle (spermic fluke) and one fluke did not contain any sperm in the seminal vesicle. The aspermic sample had F. gigantica RFLP pattern with ITS1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on NDI and COI sequence data were conducted by maximum likelihood showed a similar topology of the trees obtained particularly for F. hepatica and F. gigantica. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that aspermic Fasciola found in this region of Iran has same genetic structures through the spermic F. gigantica populations in accordance to phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rouhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Amer S, ElKhatam A, Zidan S, Feng Y, Xiao L. Identity of Fasciola spp. in sheep in Egypt. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:623. [PMID: 27906040 PMCID: PMC5134227 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Egypt, liver flukes, Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Fasciolidae), have a serious impact on the farming industry and public health. Both Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are known to occur in cattle, providing the opportunity for genetic recombination. Little is known on the identity and genetic variability of Fasciola populations in sheep. Methods This study was performed to determine the prevalence of liver flukes in sheep in Menofia Province as a representative area of the delta region in Egypt, as measured by postmortem examination of slaughtered animals at three abattoirs. The identity and genetic variability of Fasciola spp. in slaughtered animals were determined by PCR-sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Results Physical inspection of the liver indicated that 302 of 2058 (14.7%) slaughtered sheep were infected with Fasciola spp. Sequence analysis of the ITS1 and nad1 genes of liver flukes from 17 animals revealed that 11 animals were infected with F. hepatica, four with F. gigantica, and two with both species. Seventy eight of 103 flukes genetically characterized from these animals were F. hepatica, 23 were F. gigantica, and two had ITS1 sequences identical to F. hepatica but nad1 sequences identical to F. gigantica. nad1 sequences of Egyptian isolates of F. gigantica showed pronounced differences from those in the GenBank database. Egyptian F. gigantica haplotypes formed haplogroup D, which clustered in a sister clade with haplogroups A, B and C circulating in Asia, indicating the existence of geographic isolation in the species. Conclusions Both F. hepatica and F. gigantica are prevalent in sheep in Egypt and an introgressed form of the two occurs as the result of genetic recombination. In addition, a geographically isolated F. gigantica population is present in the country. The importance of these observations in epidemiology of fascioliasis needs to be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed ElKhatam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Shereif Zidan
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals that hybridization between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica occurred in China. Parasitology 2016; 144:206-213. [PMID: 27804894 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201600161x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The well-known pathogens of fasciolosis, Fasciola hepatica (Fh) and Fasciola Gigantica (Fg), possess abundant mature sperms in their seminal vesicles, and thus, they reproduce bisexually. On the other hand, aspermic Fasciola flukes reported from Asian countries, which have no sperm in their seminal vesicles, probably reproduce parthenogenetically. The aim of this study was to reveal the origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes. The nuclear single copy markers, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and DNA polymerase delta, were employed for analysis of Fasciola species from China. The hybrid origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes was strongly suggested by the presence of the Fh/Fg type, which includes DNA fragments of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. China can be regarded as the cradle of the interspecific hybridization because F. hepatica and F. gigantica were detected in the northern and southern parts of China, respectively, and hybrids flukes were distributed between the habitats of the two species. The Chinese origin was supported by the fact that a larger number of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) haplotypes was detected in Chinese aspermic Fasciola populations than in aspermic populations from the neighbouring countries. Hereafter, 'aspermic' Fasciola flukes should be termed as 'hybrid' Fasciola flukes.
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21
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Hayashi K, Ichikawa-Seki M, Allamanda P, Wibowo PE, Mohanta UK, Sodirun, Guswanto A, Nishikawa Y. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from western Java, Indonesia. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:424-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reaghi S, Haghighi A, Harandi MF, Spotin A, Arzamani K, Rouhani S. Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica and phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial (nicotiamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit I and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) genes from the North-East of Iran. Vet World 2016; 9:1034-1038. [PMID: 27733809 PMCID: PMC5057026 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1034-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Fascioliasis is one of the most zoonotic diseases with global extension. As the epidemiological distribution of Fasciola may lead to various genetic patterns of the parasite, the aim of this study is to identify Fasciola hepatica based on spermatogenesis, and phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial (nicotiamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit I [ND1] and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) gene marker. Materials and Methods: In this study, 90 F. hepatica collected from 30 cattle at slaughterhouse located in three different geographical locations in the North-East of Iran were evaluated based on spermatogenetic ability and internal transcribed spacer 1 gene restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship using mtDNA gene marker for the isolates from the North-East of Iran, and other countries were then analyzed. Results: Partial sequences of mtDNA showed eight haplotypes in both genes. The phylogenic analysis using neighbor joining as well as maximum likelihood methods showed similar topologies of trees. Pairwise fixation index between different F. hepatica populations calculated from the nucleotide data set of ND1 gene are statistically significant and show the genetic difference. Conclusion: F. hepatica found in this region of Iran has different genetic structures through the other Fasciola populations in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Reaghi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Arzamani
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Soheila Rouhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hayashi K, Mohanta UK, Neeraja T, Itagaki T. Molecular characterization of Fasciola gigantica in Delhi, India and its phylogenetic relation to the species from South Asian countries. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1529-1532. [PMID: 27301703 PMCID: PMC5059385 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to phylogenetically analyze Fasciola gigantica
(F. gigantica) from mainland India and to reveal the expansion history
of F. gigantica in the Indian subcontinent. We analyzed 40
Fasciola flukes that were collected from Delhi, in the Indian mainland,
and identified them as F. gigantica by using nucleotide analyses of the
nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase
delta (pold) genes. Based on the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial
NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene, the flukes had 18 haplotypes.
The haplotypes were classified under haplogroup A, which is predominant in the F.
gigantica of South Asia. The population genetics of haplogroup A revealed that
Delhi population showed higher π value than eastern India population. These results
suggest that F. gigantica of haplogroup A might have spread from the west
to the east in India along with the artificial migration of the domestic Zebu cattle,
Bos indicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Ichikawa-Seki M, Ortiz P, Cabrera M, Hobán C, Itagaki T. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola hepatica from Peru. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:171-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shoriki T, Ichikawa-Seki M, Suganuma K, Naito I, Hayashi K, Nakao M, Aita J, Mohanta UK, Inoue N, Murakami K, Itagaki T. Novel methods for the molecular discrimination of Fasciola spp. on the basis of nuclear protein-coding genes. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:180-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hayashi K, Ichikawa-Seki M, Mohanta UK, Singh TS, Shoriki T, Sugiyama H, Itagaki T. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola flukes from eastern India. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:334-8. [PMID: 25936970 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola flukes from eastern India were characterized on the basis of spermatogenesis status and nuclear ITS1. Both Fasciola gigantica and aspermic Fasciola flukes were detected in Imphal, Kohima, and Gantoku districts. The sequences of mitochondrial nad1 were analyzed to infer their phylogenetical relationship with neighboring countries. The haplotypes of aspermic Fasciola flukes were identical or showed a single nucleotide substitution compared to those from populations in the neighboring countries, corroborating the previous reports that categorized them in the same lineage. However, the prevalence of aspermic Fasciola flukes in eastern India was lower than those in the neighboring countries, suggesting that they have not dispersed throughout eastern India. In contrast, F. gigantica was predominant and well diversified, and the species was thought to be distributed in the area for a longer time than the aspermic Fasciola flukes. Fasciola gigantica populations from eastern India were categorized into two distinct haplogroups A and B. The level of their genetic diversity suggests that populations belonging to haplogroup A have dispersed from the west side of the Indian subcontinent to eastern India with the artificial movement of domestic cattle, Bos indicus, whereas populations belonging to haplogroup B might have spread from Myanmar to eastern India with domestic buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Shantikumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Takuya Shoriki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Molecular phylogenetic identification of Fasciola flukes in Nepal. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:758-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Identification of Fasciola species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA reveals the co-existence of intermediate Fasciola and Fasciola gigantica in Thailand. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Fasciola spp. Isolated from Different Host Species in a Newly Emerging Focus of Human Fascioliasis in Iran. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:405740. [PMID: 25018891 PMCID: PMC4075087 DOI: 10.1155/2014/405740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to find out the morphometric and genotypic divergences of the flukes isolated from different hosts in a newly emerging
focus of human fascioliasis in Iran. Adult Fasciola spp. were collected from 34 cattle, 13 sheep, and 11 goats from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province,
southwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from the flukes and PCR-RFLP was used to characterize the isolates. The ITS1,
ITS2, and mitochondrial genes (mtDNA) of NDI and COI from individual liver flukes were amplified and the amplicons were sequenced.
Genetic variation within and between the species was evaluated by comparing the sequences.
Moreover, morphometric characteristics of flukes were measured through a computer image analysis system.
Based on RFLP profile, from the total of 58 isolates, 41 isolates (from cattle, sheep, and goat) were identified as
Fasciola hepatica, while 17 isolates from cattle were identified as Fasciola gigantica.
Comparison of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences showed six and seven single-base substitutions, resulting in segregation of the specimens into two different genotypes.
The sequences of COI markers showed seven DNA polymorphic sites for F. hepatica and 35 DNA polymorphic sites for F. gigantica.
Morphological diversity of the two species was observed in linear, ratios, and areas measurements. The findings have implications for studying the population genetics, epidemiology, and control of the disease.
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Mohanta UK, Ichikawa-Seki M, Shoriki T, Katakura K, Itagaki T. Characteristics and molecular phylogeny of Fasciola flukes from Bangladesh, determined based on spermatogenesis and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2493-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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