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Brune MW, França EL, Moraes LCA, Ribeiro VP, Gomes MA, Honorio-França AC. Effects of Cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β on the Functional Activity of Blood Mononuclear Cells against Giardia lamblia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:209-218. [PMID: 34557235 PMCID: PMC8418650 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i2.6269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze cultures of mononuclear (MN) cells with Giardia lamblia to determine the levels of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β and the functional activity of MN cells after incubation with cytokines. Methods: This study was conducted in 2018 in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 60 healthy volunteer donors to obtain leukocytes. The levels of IFN-γ and TGF-β were quantified in trophozoite cell culture supernatants. Superoxide release, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, apoptosis and intracellular calcium release were analyzed. Results: The cytokines evaluated were detected in the culture supernatant of MN cells and G. lamblia. Regardless of the type of cytokine, MN cells increased superoxide release in the presence of G. lamblia. Phagocytosis, microbicidal activity and apoptosis were higher when MN phagocytes were treated with cytokines. The highest microbicidal activity and apoptosis rates were observed in MN cells cultured with TGF-β. IFN-γ increased the release of intracellular calcium by MN phagocytes. Conclusion: Cytokines play a beneficial role in the host by activating MN cells against G. lamblia. In addition, phagocytosis causes G. lamblia death and that the modulation of the functional activity of blood MN phagocytes by cytokines is an alternative mechanism for eliminating G. lamblia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wilhelm Brune
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.,Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hu Q, Lin H, Wang Y, Wang X, Yao J, Fu X, Yu X. Design, optimization and evaluation of a microemulsion-based hydrogel with high malleability for enhanced transdermal delivery of levamisole. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120829. [PMID: 34174358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a microemulsion-based hydrogel with high malleability as a transdermal delivery carrier for levamisole (LMS). A pseudo-ternary phase diagram and D-optimal mixture design were utilized to screen and optimize the microemulsion, and the formulation comprised 7.5% MaisineTM35-1, 33% Smix and 59.5% water. The microemulsion was physically stable with an average size of 19.3 ± 0.1 nm and zeta potential of -3.84 ± 0.05 mV. Moreover, a highly malleable alginate-boronic acid (alginate-BA) gel was prepared and could come into close contact with highly curved skin. The optimized microemulsion was loaded into alginate-BA gel and subjected to ex vivo and in vivo investigation. The microemulsion-based gel had desirable characterization, good stability and negligible skin irritation. The results of ex vivo permeation study showed that LMS achieved a significantly higher cumulative amount from the LMS-loaded microemulsion-based gel than that from the LMS-gel. The pharmacokinetic study showed a twofold increase in relative bioavailability compared to the commercial liniment. These results provide insight into the capability of the developed malleable microemulsion-based gel to enhance the transdermal permeation and bioavailability of LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Han Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Jiayi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Xiangbin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou 350122, PR China.
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Ribeiro EB, de Marchi PGF, Honorio-França AC, França EL, Soler MAG. Interferon-gamma carrying nanoemulsion with immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:234-245. [PMID: 31587469 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic administration of cytokines has been introduced aiming to modulate the immune response system, seeking for different approaches to face pathologies such as cancer, auto immune and infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a stable oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion system carrying the cytokine Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) on the activity of phagocytes and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Nanoemulsions were prepared through ultra-homogenization, and they consisted of distilled water, triglycerides of capric acid/caprylic, sorbitan-oleate, polysorbate 80, and 1-butanol. IFN-γ (100 ng ml-1 ) was incorporated into two O/W nanoemulsion formulations, and these formulations were characterized in terms of their preliminary and accelerated physicochemical stability, rheological properties, droplet size, polydispersity and surface charge. We identified the most optimal IFN-γ nanoemulsion (IFN-γNE2), which remained stable under extreme temperature variations for 90 days, contained an average dose of 97 ng ml-1 of IFN-γ and exhibited a biocompatible pH and a relative stable rheological profile. Cell viability and intracellular Ca2+ release assays conducted showed that IFN-γNE2 reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 cells without affecting the cell viability of phagocytes. Furthermore, IFN-γNE2 was able to induce cellular activity of phagocytes as evidenced by increased intracellular Ca2+ release in these cells. Our findings on this IFN-γ nanoemulsion suggest that it can be a promising therapeutic agent for immunostimulation and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton B Ribeiro
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.,Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Patricia G F de Marchi
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Adenilda C Honorio-França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria A G Soler
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
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Ribeiro M, Trevizol AP, Frajzinger R, Ribeiro A, Speierl H, Pires L, Andraus M, Tsanaclis L, Alonso ALS, Cordeiro Q, Laranjeira R. Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019; 41:186-190. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Brazil is the world’s biggest consumer of crack cocaine, and dependence is a major public health issue. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of potentially harmful adulterants present in hair samples from Brazilian patients with crack cocaine dependence. Method We evaluated adulterants in hair samples extracted by convenience from 100 patients admitted at the 48 hour-observation unit of Centro de Referência de Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Drogas (CRATOD), Brazil’s largest center for addiction treatment. A cross-sectional analysis was performed with the data obtained. Results Adulterants were found in 97% of the analyzed hair samples. The most prevalent adulterant was lidocaine (92%), followed by phenacetin (69%) and levamisole (31%). Conclusion Adulterants were widely prevalent in hair samples from crack users treated at CRATOD: at least one adulterant was present in virtually all the hair samples collected. This points to a need to monitor adverse effects in the clinical setting in order to provide this high-risk group of patients with prompt and effective care related to the acute and chronic complications associated with these adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ribeiro
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lolita Tsanaclis
- Laboratório Chromatox, Brazil; Cansford Laboratories, United Kingdom
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Pereira QLC, Hara CDCP, Fernandes RTS, Fagundes DLG, França-Botelho ADC, Gomes MA, França EL, Honorio-França AC. Human colostrum action against Giardia lamblia infection influenced by hormones and advanced maternal age. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1783-1791. [PMID: 29656328 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Children are more susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection. Cells and hormones contained in human colostrum have an immunoprotective action against giardiasis, but the effects of advanced maternal age on these components are poorly understood. This study analyzed the colostrum of older women to determine melatonin and cortisol levels besides the participation of these hormones on the functional activity of phagocytes against G. lamblia. Colostrum samples were collected from younger (18 to 35 years old) and older (over 36 years old) lactating women. Colostrum samples were subjected to melatonin and cortisol determination, immunophenotyping, quantification of superoxide release, and assessment of phagocytic rate and microbicidal activity of phagocytes treated with hormones and in the presence of G. lamblia. Colostrum from mothers of advanced age contained higher melatonin and cortisol levels and a lower rate of cells expressing CD14+ and CD15+. In the colostru of these older mothers, melatonin increased superoxide release by phagocytes. In both groups, superoxide release by phagocytes treated with cortisol was higher in the presence of G. lamblia. In colostrum from mothers of advanced age, mononuclear (MN) phagocytes treated with melatonin showed higher phagocytosis of G. lamblia and higher microbicidal index. In younger mothers, MN and polymorphonuclear (PMN) colostrum phagocytes exhibited higher rates of G. lamblia elimination when treated with both melatonin and cortisol. In older mothers, cortisol and melatonin regulation for the functional activity of colostrum phagocytes against G. lamblia may represent an additional defense mechanism, relevant for the protection and treatment of parasitic infections in breastfed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queli Lisiane Castro Pereira
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.,Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danny Laura Gomes Fagundes
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
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