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Aoki MM, Kisiala AB, Mathavarajah S, Schincaglia A, Treverton J, Habib E, Dellaire G, Emery RJN, Brunetti CR, Huber RJ. From biosynthesis and beyond-Loss or overexpression of the cytokinin synthesis gene, iptA, alters cytokinesis and mitochondrial and amino acid metabolism in Dictyostelium discoideum. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23366. [PMID: 38102957 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301936rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a class of growth-promoting signaling molecules that affect multiple cellular and developmental processes. These phytohormones are well studied in plants, but their presence continues to be uncovered in organisms spanning all kingdoms, which poses new questions about their roles and functions outside of plant systems. Cytokinin production can be initiated by one of two different biosynthetic enzymes, adenylate isopentenyltransfases (IPTs) or tRNA isopentenyltransferases (tRNA-IPTs). In this study, the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, was used to study the role of CKs by generating deletion and overexpression strains of its single adenylate-IPT gene, iptA. The life cycle of D. discoideum is unique and possesses both single- and multicellular stages. Vegetative amoebae grow and divide while food resources are plentiful, and multicellular development is initiated upon starvation, which includes distinct life cycle stages. CKs are produced in D. discoideum throughout its life cycle and their functions have been well studied during the later stages of multicellular development of D. discoideum. To investigate potential expanded roles of CKs, this study focused on vegetative growth and early developmental stages. We found that iptA-deficiency results in cytokinesis defects, and both iptA-deficiency and overexpression results in dysregulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism, as well as increased levels of adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Collectively, these findings extend our understanding of CK function in amoebae, indicating that iptA loss and overexpression alter biological processes during vegetative growth that are distinct from those reported during later development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Aoki
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna B Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jared Treverton
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elias Habib
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig R Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Wagner T, Bangoura B, Wiedmer S, Daugschies A, Dunay IR. Phytohormones regulate asexual Toxoplasma gondii replication. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2835-2846. [PMID: 37725257 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic disease agent causing systemic infection in warm-blooded intermediate hosts including humans. During the acute infection, the parasite infects host cells and multiplies intracellularly in the asexual tachyzoite stage. In this stage of the life cycle, invasion, multiplication, and egress are the most critical events in parasite replication. T. gondii features diverse cell organelles to support these processes, including the apicoplast, an endosymbiont-derived vestigial plastid originating from an alga ancestor. Previous studies have highlighted that phytohormones can modify the calcium-mediated secretion, e.g., of adhesins involved in parasite movement and cell invasion processes. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of different plant hormones on the replication of asexual tachyzoites in a human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) host cell culture. T. gondii replication was measured by the determination of T. gondii DNA copies via qPCR. Three selected phytohormones, namely abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GIBB), and kinetin (KIN) as representatives of different plant hormone groups were tested. Moreover, the influence of typical cell culture media components on the phytohormone effects was assessed. Our results indicate that ABA is able to induce a significant increase of T. gondii DNA copies in a typical supplemented cell culture medium when applied in concentrations of 20 ng/μl or 2 ng/μl, respectively. In contrast, depending on the culture medium composition, GIBB may potentially serve as T. gondii growth inhibitor and may be further investigated as a potential treatment for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wagner
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berit Bangoura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA.
| | - Stefanie Wiedmer
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arwid Daugschies
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Shahid M, Khan MS, Singh UB. Pesticide-tolerant microbial consortia: Potential candidates for remediation/clean-up of pesticide-contaminated agricultural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116724. [PMID: 37500042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Reclamation of pesticide-polluted lands has long been a difficult endeavour. The use of synthetic pesticides could not be restricted due to rising agricultural demand. Pesticide toxicity has become a pressing agronomic problem due to its adverse impact on agroecosystems, agricultural output, and consequently food security and safety. Among different techniques used for the reclamation of pesticide-polluted sites, microbial bioremediation is an eco-friendly approach, which focuses on the application of resilient plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that may transform or degrade chemical pesticides to innocuous forms. Such pesticide-resilient PGPR has demonstrated favourable effects on soil-plant systems, even in pesticide-contaminated environments, by degrading pesticides, providing macro-and micronutrients, and secreting active but variable secondary metabolites like-phytohormones, siderophores, ACC deaminase, etc. This review critically aims to advance mechanistic understanding related to the reduction of phytotoxicity of pesticides via the use of microbe-mediated remediation techniques leading to crop optimization in pesticide-stressed soils. The literature surveyed and data presented herein are extremely useful, offering agronomists-and crop protectionists microbes-assisted remedial strategies for affordably enhancing crop productivity in pesticide-stressed soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kushmaur, Mau Nath Bhanjan, 275103, UP, India; Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.), Aligarh, 202001, UP, India.
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.), Aligarh, 202001, UP, India
| | - Udai B Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kushmaur, Mau Nath Bhanjan, 275103, UP, India
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Jameson PE. Zeatin: The 60th anniversary of its identification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:34-55. [PMID: 36789623 PMCID: PMC10152681 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While various labs had shown cell division-inducing activity in a variety of plant extracts for over a decade, the identification of zeatin (Z) in 1964, the first known naturally occurring cytokinin, belongs to Letham and co-workers. Using extracts from maize (Zea mays), they were the first to obtain crystals of pure Z and in sufficient quantity for structural determination by MS, NMR, chromatography, and mixed melting-point analysis. This group also crystallized Z-9-riboside (ZR) from coconut (Cocos nucifera) milk. However, their chemical contributions go well beyond the identification of Z and ZR and include two unambiguous syntheses of trans-Z (to establish stereochemistry), the synthesis of 3H-cytokinins that facilitated metabolic studies, and the synthesis of deuterated internal standards for accurate mass spectral quantification. Letham and associates also unequivocally identified Z nucleotide, the 7-and 9-glucoside conjugates of Z, and the O-glucosides of Z, ZR, dihydro Z (DHZ) and DHZR as endogenous compounds and as metabolites of exogenous Z. Their contributions to the role of cytokinins in plant physiology and development were also substantial, especially the role of cytokinins moving in the xylem. These biological advances are described and briefly related to the genetic/molecular biological contributions of others that established that plants have an absolute requirement for cytokinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Elizabeth Jameson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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5
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Lopez JAV, Nogawa T, Yoshida K, Futamura Y, Osada H. 2-Methylthio-N7-methyl-cis-zeatin, a new antimalarial natural product isolated from a Streptomyces culture. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:31-36. [PMID: 34734225 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
2-Methylthio-N7-methyl-cis-zeatin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. 80H647 along with 2 known purine derivatives, 5'-methylthioinosine (2) and AT-265 (dealanylascamycin, 3). The structure elucidation of compound 1 was accomplished by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. It inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 with a GI50 of 2.4 µm and had no effect on the growth of Arabidopsis at 2 µm. This is the first report of an N7-methylated zeatin-type natural product from Streptomyces and as an antimalarial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Adam V Lopez
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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6
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Nguyen HN, Nguyen TQ, Kisiala AB, Emery RJN. Beyond transport: cytokinin ribosides are translocated and active in regulating the development and environmental responses of plants. PLANTA 2021; 254:45. [PMID: 34365553 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Riboside type cytokinins are key components in cytokinin metabolism, transport, and sensitivity, making them important functional signals in plant growth and development and environmental stress responses. Cytokinin (CKs) are phytohormones that regulate multiple processes in plants and are critical for agronomy, as they are involved in seed filling and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Among the over 30 identified CKs, there is uncertainty about the roles of many of the individual CK structural forms. Cytokinin free bases (CKFBs), have been studied in great detail, but, by comparison, roles of riboside-type CKs (CKRs) in CK metabolism and associated signaling pathways and their distal impacts on plant physiology remain largely unknown. Here, recent findings on CKR abundance, transport and localization, are summarized, and their importance in planta is discussed. The history of CKR analyses is reviewed, in the context of the determination of CK metabolic pathways, and research on CKR affinity for CK receptors, all of which yield essential insights into their functions. Recent studies suggest that CKR forms are a lot more than a group of transport CKs and, beyond this, they play important roles in plant development and responses to environmental stress. In this context, this review discusses the involvement of CKRs in plant development, and highlight the less anticipated functions of CKRs in abiotic stress tolerance. Based on this, possible mechanisms for CKR modes of action are proposed and experimental approaches to further uncover their roles and future biotechnological applications are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Thien Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Anna B Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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7
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Integrated structural and functional analysis of the protective effects of kinetin against oxidative stress in mammalian cellular systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13330. [PMID: 32770053 PMCID: PMC7414151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and signaling of cytokinins was first established in plants, followed by cytokinin discoveries in all kingdoms of life. However, understanding of their role in mammalian cells is still scarce. Kinetin is a cytokinin that mitigates the effects of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. The effective concentrations of exogenously applied kinetin in invoking various cellular responses are not well standardized. Likewise, the metabolism of kinetin and its cellular targets within the mammalian cells are still not well studied. Applying vitality tests as well as comet assays under normal and hyper-oxidative states, our analysis suggests that kinetin concentrations of 500 nM and above cause cytotoxicity as well as genotoxicity in various cell types. However, concentrations below 100 nM do not cause any toxicity, rather in this range kinetin counteracts oxidative burst and cytotoxicity. We focus here on these effects. To get insights into the cellular targets of kinetin mediating these pro-survival functions and protective effects we applied structural and computational approaches on two previously testified targets for these effects. Our analysis deciphers vital residues in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and adenosine receptor (A2A-R) that facilitate the binding of kinetin to these two important human cellular proteins. We finally discuss how the therapeutic potential of kinetin against oxidative stress helps in various pathophysiological conditions.
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8
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Oshchepkov MS, Kalistratova AV, Savelieva EM, Romanov GA, Bystrova NA, Kochetkov KA. Natural and synthetic cytokinins and their applications in biotechnology, agrochemistry and medicine. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to cytokinins — classical plant hormones known for more than six decades. Nevertheless, different aspects of the action of cytokinins are still being investigated. Relevant studies produced interesting, often unexpected, results, which cast doubt on the old paradigms and open new prospects for the use of these phytohormones. Particular attention is given to recent advances in the applications of natural cytokinins and their synthetic analogues in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine and cosmetics. The chemical synthesis, properties and the possible use of artificial cytokinins are considered in detail. The review is aimed at researchers interested in the development and applications of new biologically active compounds with a wide spectrum of action on diverse biological objects, from plants to humans.
The bibliography includes 233 references.
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9
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Aoki MM, Emery RJN, Anjard C, Brunetti CR, Huber RJ. Cytokinins in Dictyostelia - A Unique Model for Studying the Functions of Signaling Agents From Species to Kingdoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:511. [PMID: 32714926 PMCID: PMC7316887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a diverse group of evolutionarily significant growth-regulating molecules. While the CK biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways are the most well-understood in plant systems, these molecules have been identified in all kingdoms of life. This review follows the recent discovery of an expanded CK profile in the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. A comprehensive review on the present knowledge of CK biosynthesis, signal transduction, and CK-small molecule interactions within members of Dictyostelia will be summarized. In doing so, the utility of social amoebae will be highlighted as a model system for studying the evolution of these hormone-like signaling agents, which will set the stage for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Aoki
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Christophe Anjard
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Craig R Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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10
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Guerra ED, Baakdah F, Gourgas O, Tam M, Stevenson MM, Georges E, Bohle DS, Cerruti M. Inorganic ions on hemozoin surface provide a glimpse into Plasmodium biology. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 200:110808. [PMID: 31487576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In malaria, Plasmodium parasites produce hemozoin (Hz) as a route to detoxify free heme released from the catabolism of hemoglobin. Hz isolated from the parasites is encapsulated in an organic layer constituted by parasite and host components. This organic coating may play a role in Hz formation and in the immunomodulatory properties attributed to Hz, and they may influence the mode of action of antimalarials that block Hz formation. In this work, we analyze the organic layer adhered to Hz, and find Na, Cl, Si, Ca and P present, in addition to organic material. Our results suggest that Na, Cl, and P adsorb during Hz release from the red blood cells, while Si and Ca derive from components present during Hz biomineralization within the digestive vacuole of the parasite. Overall, we show that inorganic elements associated with Hz surface provide insights into the biological functions of Plasmodium parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Danae Guerra
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Fadi Baakdah
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ophélie Gourgas
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Mifong Tam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mary M Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elias Georges
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - D Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Marta Cerruti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada.
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11
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Jaworek P, Kopečný D, Zalabák D, Šebela M, Kouřil Š, Hluska T, Končitíková R, Podlešáková K, Tarkowski P. Occurrence and biosynthesis of cytokinins in poplar. PLANTA 2019; 250:229-244. [PMID: 30980246 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins occur in poplar as free compounds and constituents of tRNA, poplar isopentenyltransferases are involved in the production of isoprenoid cytokinins, while biosynthesis of their aromatic counterparts remains unsolved. Cytokinins are phytohormones with a fundamental role in the regulation of plant growth and development. They occur naturally either as isoprenoid or aromatic derivatives, but the latter are quite rare and less studied. Here, the spatial expression of all nine isopentenyl transferase genes of Populus × canadensis cv. Robusta (PcIPTs) as analyzed by RT-qPCR revealed a tissue preference and strong differences in expression levels for the different adenylate and tRNA PcIPTs. Together with their phylogeny, this result suggests a functional diversification for the different PcIPT proteins. Additionally, the majority of PcIPT genes were cloned and expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under an inducible promoter. The cytokinin levels measured in the Arabidopsis-overexpressing lines as well as their phenotype indicate that the studied adenylate and tRNA PcIPT proteins are functional in vivo and thus will contribute to the cytokinin pool in poplar. We screened the cytokinin content in leaves of 12 Populus species by ultra-high performance-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and discovered that the capacity to produce not only isoprenoid, but also aromatic cytokinins is widespread amongst the Populus accessions studied. Important for future studies is that the levels of aromatic cytokinins transiently increase after daybreak and are much higher in older plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jaworek
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Zalabák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šebela
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kouřil
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hluska
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Končitíková
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Podlešáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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12
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Letham DS, Zhang XD, Hocart CH. The Synthesis of ³H-Labelled 8-Azido-N⁶-Benzyladenine and Related Compounds for Photoaffinity Labelling of Cytokinin-Binding Proteins. Molecules 2019; 24:E349. [PMID: 30669410 PMCID: PMC6359637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of the group of plant hormones termed cytokinins is reviewed to reveal areas where further studies of cytokinin-binding proteins could be significant. Such areas include: inhibition of human tumour cell growth by cytokinin ribosides, the role of cytokinins in the development of diverse micro-organisms including the cyanobacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the very rapid responses of plant cells to exogenous cytokinins, and other aspects of cytokinin plant biology. Photoaffinity labelling (PAL) coupled to the recent advances in HPLC of proteins and mass spectral analysis and sequencing of proteins, may have relevance to these areas. To facilitate PAL, we present experimental details for two methods for synthesis of 8-azido-N⁶-benzyladenine, which has the azido affinity group in the preferred position of the purine ring. Synthesis from [2-³H]adenosine yielded the above-mentioned PAL reagent with ³H in the purine ring and also gave labelled 9-riboside and 8-azido-N⁶,9-dibenzyladenine. 8-Azido-N⁶-benzyladenine was also prepared from 6,8-dichloropurine by a facile synthesis, which would allow a label to be sited in the benzyl group where substituents can also be introduced to vary cytokinin activity. The use of inactive cytokinin analogues in assessing the significance of PAL is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Letham
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Xue-Dong Zhang
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Long Shuo Rd, Wei Yang District, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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Daudu D, Kisiala A, Werner Ribeiro C, Mélin C, Perrot L, Clastre M, Courdavault V, Papon N, Oudin A, Courtois M, Dugé de Bernonville T, Gaucher M, Degrave A, Lanoue A, Lanotte P, Schouler C, Brisset MN, Emery RN, Pichon O, Carpin S, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Crèche J, Besseau S, Glévarec G. Setting-up a fast and reliable cytokinin biosensor based on a plant histidine kinase receptor expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Inhibitory effects of the phytohormone inhibitors fluridone and inabenfide against Babesia gibsoni in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2019; 265:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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