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Ramadhani M, Nurhidayah N, Kurniawati DA, Purmadi M, Rafiq FA, Kusumaningtyas E, Endrawati D, Hidayatik N, Prastiya RA, Mariya SS, Mufasirin, Hastutiek P. Gastrointestinal helminths of captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Surabaya zoo, Indonesia. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12719. [PMID: 38922921 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the constrain in proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) conservation is gastrointestinal helminth (GH) infection. Here, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of GHs in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia. METHODS Twenty fecal samples were collected from three groups (i.e., nursery cage [NC] [n = 1], communal show cage [SC] [n = 8], and free-ranging colonies [FC] [n = 11]). The fecal samples have been examined through McMaster and sugar floatation techniques. RESULTS The total prevalence of GH infection was 85.00% (17/20). We confirmed infection of Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., and Hymenolepis nana with Trichuris eggs was dominant. Although the prevalence of infection was high, the number of eggs per gram (epg) was low. CONCLUSION GH infection in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia, is highly prevalent. These results were useful for future research, control, and prevention of zoonotic potency purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masyithah Ramadhani
- Veterinary Diseases and Veterinary Public Health Magister Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nanis Nurhidayah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- The Center for Veterinary Instrument Standardization, The Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Muttaqin Purmadi
- The Center for Veterinary Instrument Standardization, The Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Fatih Aunur Rafiq
- The Center for Veterinary Instrument Standardization, The Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Eni Kusumaningtyas
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Endrawati
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nanik Hidayatik
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Basic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ragil Angga Prastiya
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Airlangga University, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
| | - Sela Septima Mariya
- Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mufasirin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Basic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Poedji Hastutiek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Basic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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MORI Y, NAKA A, KODA R, ISHIZUKA Y, HINENOYA A, SHIBAHARA T, SASAI K, MATSUBAYASHI M. Improved molecular identification of Strongyloides myopotami in nutrias using fecal samples. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:349-353. [PMID: 38281761 PMCID: PMC10963089 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides myopotami is an intestinal nematode parasite of nutrias. Identification of S. myopotami is conducted based on the morphological characteristics of adult worms or cultured larvae. To widely and effectively understand the infection in nutrias, it would be preferable to develop the molecular identification using a few grams of the feces. Here, we attempted to identify S. myopotami using DNA extracted from eggs obtained from fecal samples. Among previously reported primer pairs targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Strongyloides spp., most could not be successful. We newly designed primers that successfully amplified the partial sequences in S. myopotami, resulting in being sequenced. Our simple protocol can be useful in nationwide surveys for clarifying the risk of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuga MORI
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi NAKA
- Inspection Division, Okayama Prefectural Bizen Public Healthcare Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke KODA
- Biodiversity Research Center, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru ISHIZUKA
- Biodiversity Research Center, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi HINENOYA
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumi SASAI
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto MATSUBAYASHI
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Matsubayashi M, Kinoshita M, Tsuchida S, Kobayashi A, Tamura N, Shibahara T, Kido Y, Kaneko A, Sasai K, Ushida K. Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:167-174. [PMID: 37876909 PMCID: PMC10590809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) are birds that inhabit only alpine regions of central Honshu Island, Japan, known as the Japanese Alps. The number of these birds has recently declined, and in situ and ex situ national conservation programs for Japanese rock ptarmigans have been initiated. The infections of Eimeria spp. as protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, E. uekii and E. raichoi, were frequently reported in the birds. However, the virulence of these Eimeria parasites has not been determined. Here, we analyzed the pathogenicity of these Eimeria parasites using experimental infections of a subspecies model of Japanese rock ptarmigans, Svalbard rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus), and evaluated acquired protective immunity against challenge in birds tolerant of low-dose inoculation with Eimeria parasites. Following inoculation with two Eimeria parasites derived from Japanese rock ptarmigans (dose range of 4 × 104 to 4 × 102 for E. uekii and 1.7 × 104 to 4 × 101 for E. raichoi), oocysts were detected at 6-8 days post-inoculation (PI), and the maximum number of oocysts per gram of feces was observed 7-10 days PI and then gradually decreased. The mortality rate and reduction in weight gain of chicks increased following high-dose inoculation of oocysts with abnormal feces (soft and diarrhea). Developmental zoites were detected histopathologically in epithelial tissues and sometimes the lamina propria from the duodenum to the colon. Chicks that survived low-dose inoculation did not show clear clinical symptoms after challenge inoculation. Our results suggest that the pathological characteristics of Eimeria parasites infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans include abnormal feces and reduction in weight gain, resulting in mortality in cases of heavy infection due to high-dose inoculation. These findings provide helpful data for Japanese rock ptarmigan conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Moemi Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Shin-etsu Nature Conservation Office, Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Environment, Nagano, 380-0846, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545 -8585, Japan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545 -8585, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Zhu P, Gu X, He R, Xu J, Jing B, Wang L, Chen S, Xie Y. Eimeria zuernii (Eimeriidae: Coccidia): mitochondrial genome and genetic diversity in the Chinese yak. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:312. [PMID: 37661262 PMCID: PMC10475197 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria zuernii (Eimeriidae: Coccidia) represents a significant economic threat to the bovine industry. Understanding the evolutionary and genetic biology of E. zuernii can assist in new interaction developments for the prevention and control of this protozoosis. METHODS We defined the evolutionary and genetic characteristics of E. zuernii by sequencing the complete mitogenome and analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 51 isolates collected from eight yak breeding parks in China. RESULTS The 6176-bp mitogenome of E. zuernii was linear and encoded typical mitochondrial contents of apicomplexan parasites, including three protein-coding genes [PCGs; cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and III (cox1 and cox3), and cytochrome b (cytb)], seven fragmented small subunit (SSU) and 12 fragmented large subunit (LSU) rRNAs. Genome-wide comparative and evolutionary analyses showed cytb and cox3 to be the most and least conserved Eimeria PCGs, respectively, and placed E. zuernii more closely related to Eimeria mephitidis than other Eimeria species. Furthermore, cox1-based genetic structure defined 24 haplotypes of E. zuernii with high haplotype diversities and low nucleotide diversities across eight geographic populations, supporting a low genetic structure and rapid evolutionary rate as well as a previous expansion event among E. zuernii populations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the phylogeny, genetic diversity, and population structure of the yak E. zuernii, and such information, together with its mitogenomic data, should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and evolutionary biological studies of apicomplexan parasites in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Pengchen Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130 China
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Keomoungkhoun B, Arjentinia IPGY, Sangmaneedet S, Taweenan W. First report on the molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Eimeria spp. in dairy cattle in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Vet World 2023; 16:1489-1495. [PMID: 37621543 PMCID: PMC10446723 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1489-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine coccidiosis, caused by the protozoa Eimeria, is an important parasitic cattle disease that affects animal health and has economic impact worldwide. This study was conducted to report the first molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria spp. in dairy cattle in Khon Kaen province, Thailand, and to identify the risk factors associated with Eimeria spp. infection. Materials and Methods From July 2020 to October 2021, 296 fecal samples were collected from dairy cattle divided into three age groups, including <3-month-old calves, 3-month-old to 1-year-old calves, and >1-year-old cattle. Eimeria spp. were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying 18S RNA gene and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Information regarding all associated risk factors was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression tests in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. Results Polymerase chain reaction results showed that 104 (35.13%) of 296 samples were positive for Eimeria spp. The <3-month-old calves (46.51%) had the highest infection rate. Moreover, multiplex PCR identified five species of Eimeria, namely, Eimeria bovis (32.69%), Eimeria zuernii (18.26%), Eimeria alabamensis (5.76%), Eimeria ellipsoidalis (3.84%), and Eimeria cylindrica (2.88%). An association was observed between risk factors and Eimeria spp. incidence (p < 0.05). DNA sequencing revealed the similarity of each Eimeria spp. with 91%-100% nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated the close relationships of clusters of E. bovis and E. zuernii, E. ellipsoidalis, and E. cylindrica and another cluster of E. alabamensis. Conclusion The results confirm that Eimeria spp. are commonly found in dairy cattle, especially calves. The molecular test could be powerful for species identification. This study also provides epidemiological information for developing future strategies to control bovine coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamphen Keomoungkhoun
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Somboon Sangmaneedet
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Weerapol Taweenan
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Matsubayashi M, Tsuchida S, Kobayashi A, Shibahara T, Teramoto I, Kido Y, Kaneko A, Nakamura H, Hasegawa M, Sasai K, Ushida K. Evaluation of the host specificity of Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi for Japanese rock ptarmigans by oocyst transfer to taxonomically related birds. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07875-7. [PMID: 37264281 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eimeria spp. are protozoan parasites that are commonly found in a broad range of vertebrate hosts. These parasites generally exhibit strict host specificity, but some Eimeria spp. can infect groups of closely related species such as species within a genus or family. Compared with Eimeria spp. that infect livestock, limited information is available about such infections in wild animals including data on host specificity, virulence, and prevalence. The Japanese rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta japonica, is an endangered bird belonging to the family Phasianidae, order Galliformes, and inhabits only alpine areas of Japan. In conservation efforts for these birds, two Eimeria spp., E. uekii and E. raichoi, were frequently detected. Here, we examined cross-transmission of the parasites to other bird species to characterize their infectivity as well as the development of experimental bird models to contribute to conservation programs by the oocyst transfer. Consequently, among the examined eight bird species (chickens, Japanese pheasants, turkeys, chukar partridges, quails, helmeted guineafowls and ducks), only turkeys (family Phasianidae, order Galliformes) could be infected with E. raichoi. However, the number of oocysts per feces was relatively low, and few parasites in the intestinal mucosa could be found by histopathological analyses. These results might indicate that E. uekii and E. raichoi are highly adapted to Japanese rock ptarmigans that inhabit the alpine zone although further studies are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Departments of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Shin-Etsu Nature Conservation Office Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Environment, Nagano, 380-0846, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Departments of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Isao Teramoto
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center of Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center of Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- General Foundation Hiroshi Nakamura International Institute for Ornithology, Nakagosho, Nagano, 380-0934, Japan
| | - Masami Hasegawa
- Department of Biology, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Departments of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
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Chrismanto D, Lastuti NDR, Matsubayashi M, Suwanti LT, Madyawati SP, Kurniawati DA, Beka FC. A parasitological survey and the molecular detection of Entamoeba species in pigs of East Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:650-656. [PMID: 37041842 PMCID: PMC10082738 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.650-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In several countries, two Entamoeba porcine species, Entamoeba suis and Entamoeba polecki (subtype 1 and 3), have been detected using molecular methods and identified pathogenicity associated with enteritis. However, globally, Entamoeba infection prevalence in pigs is extremely limited. This study aimed to coprologically and genetically examine pig parasites to estimate prevalence of Entamoeba in three pig farms in East Java, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: Hundred porcine fecal samples (Landrace) were collected from three East Javan farms in well-known swine industry regions. Fecal samples were examined under microscope after sugar-flotation centrifugation, and molecular species and subtype identification were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primer pairs targeting small-subunit ribosomal RNA.
Results: Microscopy examinations identified parasites in 89/100 fecal samples; Entamoeba spp. cysts were the most frequent in these samples. Polymerase chain reaction showed that 58 samples were comprised of mixed Entamoeba suis and Entamoeba polecki, 22 E. suis alone, and nine E. polecki alone infections. Epolec F6–Epolec R6 primers successfully amplified E. polecki ST1–4 subtypes, while Epolecki 1–Epolecki 2 amplified only the E. polecki ST1 subtype. Entamoeba polecki ST1-specific primers successfully detected the ST1 subtype in 19/67 E. polecki positive samples.
Conclusion: Entamoeba spp. prevalence in Indonesian pigs was previously shown to be high. On coprological examination of East Javan pigs, we detected high Entamoeba spp. levels, in which we genetically identified as E. suis (80.0%), E. polecki (67.0%), and E. polecki ST1 (19%).
Keywords: East Java, Entamoeba, Indonesia, pig, polymerase chain reaction, small-subunit ribosomal rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dony Chrismanto
- Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti
- Study Program of Health Economics, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti, e-mail: Co-authors: DC: , MM: , LTS: , SPM: , DAK: , FCB:
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lucia Tri Suwanti
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Pantja Madyawati
- Study Program of Health Economics, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Cecilia Beka
- Master Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Hastutiek P, Lastuti NDR, Suwanti LT, Sunarso A, Kurniawati DA, Yudhana A. Occurrence and biodiversity of Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Madura cattle reared on Kamal Subdistrict, Madura Island, Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:2084-2088. [PMID: 36313831 PMCID: PMC9615507 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2084-2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In Indonesia, Madura cattle are native breeds that are expected to contribute to the improvement of regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are protozoans that are commonly found in ruminants. This study aimed to identify the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle. Materials and Methods: In this study, fresh fecal samples were collected from 100 cattle in Kamal Subdistrict, Bangkalan District, Madura Island, Indonesia. Morphological detection was performed using a light microscope, and molecular identification was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. DNA amplification was conducted using various species-specific primers for Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria auburnensis, Eimeria alabamensis, Eimeria ellipsoidalis, and Eimeria cylindrica. Results: The results obtained 21% (21/100) of Eimeria spp. based on morphological detection. A total of 15 positive samples with 500–25,000/mL oocysts were selected for DNA extraction and amplification, resulting in 12 positive samples. Four Eimeria spp. were obtained based on molecular identification: E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. auburnensis, and E. cylindrica. Conclusion: Four species of Eimeria namely E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. auburnensis, and E. cylindrica were identified from fecal sample of Madura cattle using PCR method in this study. Further comprehensive studies are required to investigate the pathogenicity of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle. Therefore, improved and integrated management practices should be strengthened by local governments to prevent pathogenic diseases and increase national livestock productivity in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poedji Hastutiek
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Tri Suwanti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Sunarso
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Yudhana
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
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Molecular identification of Eimeria species in liver and feces of naturally infected rabbits in Japan. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2733-2738. [PMID: 35900601 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the 11 species of Eimeria in rabbits, some of which are known to be pathogenic and cause enteritis, E. stiedae induces severe liver lesions resulting in elevated mortality. Unlike in other countries, the incidence and prevalence of the parasites in rabbits have not been reported in Japan. In the present study, we histopathologically analyzed hepatic coccidiosis in a rabbit and attempted several primers to genetically identify the parasites and investigated the prevalence of Eimeria species at the same farm. In the liver of the affected rabbit, we observed fibrosis and edema around multiple bile ducts and epithelial cell hyperplasia of the bile ducts. Large numbers of developing parasites of Eimeria spp., mainly oocysts, were present in the bile ducts. PCR and sequencing analyses with the published primers for Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. were used to successfully identify the parasites in the liver as E. stiedae. The oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in 13 out of 20 fecal samples collected from other rabbits at the farm, and five Eimeria spp. (E. perforans, E. flavescens, E. exigua, E. magna, and E. vejdovskyi) were genetically confirmed. Our results provide the first indication that Eimeria spp., including highly pathogenic species, are present in Japan and the primer set used herein can be a useful tool for the identification of rabbit Eimeria spp.
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10
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Ekawasti F, Nurcahyo RW, Nashrulloh MF, Priyowidodo D, Prastowo J. Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique for detection and discrimination of Eimeria spp. in cattle in Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:975-980. [PMID: 35698511 PMCID: PMC9178595 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.975-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bovine eimeriosis is a disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria. It is one of the most important and widespread bovine illnesses in the world. Some of the identified species of bovine eimeriosis have morphologically similar oocysts that are difficult to differentiate. For the identification of particular Eimeria spp., diagnostic laboratories are increasingly turning to DNA-based technology. This study aims to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) technique based on the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene for the simultaneous identification of pathogenic Eimeria spp. in cattle from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted by the DNAzol reagent from the purified Eimeria oocysts. Species-specific primers targeting the ITS-1 region were used to amplify the distinct Eimeria spp.
Results: Using PCR ITS-1, this study showed that 36 of 120 fecal samples (30%) were infected by Eimeria spp. The multiplex PCR assay allowed for the simultaneous identification of six major Eimeria spp. in a single-tube reaction. The proportion of mixed Eimeria spp. infections was 100% (36/36). The maximum number of Eimeria spp. was five, and the minimum number was two.
Conclusion: Identification of six pathogenic Eimeria spp. in cattle was successfully carried out by nested multiplex PCR using ITS-1 gene. In the future, a procedure to detect pathogenic Eimeria spp. in one tube reaction will offer economical and save diagnostic time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrine Ekawasti
- Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mukh Fajar Nashrulloh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Applied Zoology Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Priyowidodo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Joko Prastowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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11
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Ekawasti F, Nurcahyo RW, Firdausy LW, Wardhana AH, Sawitri DH, Prastowo J, Priyowidodo D. Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:2339-2345. [PMID: 34840452 PMCID: PMC8613789 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2339-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. Results: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. Conclusion: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrine Ekawasti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Bogor, 16167, Indonesia
| | - Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Lintang Winantya Firdausy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - April Hari Wardhana
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Bogor, 16167, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia, Bogor, 16167, Indonesia
| | - Joko Prastowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Priyowidodo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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12
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Hastutiek P, Lastuti NDR, Suwanti LT, Sunarso A, Suprihati E, Kurniawati DA, Matsubayashi M. Coproparasitological examinations and molecular determination of Eimeria species in Madura cattle reared on Madura Island, Indonesia. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102478. [PMID: 34626806 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are expected to contribute to improving the regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are the most pathogenic protozoans among gastrointestinal parasites in livestock but no molecular surveys of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle have been conducted to date. In this study, a total of 183 fecal samples were collected from Madura cattle and 60 (32.8%) were positive for parasites of protozoans and nematodes by the sugar floatation method. Among the samples with parasites, Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected in 50 samples (27.3%) with an average OPG value of 1686.1. Eimeria spp. were successfully identified to the species level in 26 samples with Eimeria bovis being the most prevalent, followed by E. zuernii and E. aubrunensis. A total of 21 samples showed mixed infection of more than two species of Eimeria. E. bovis and E. zuernii have been recognized as having high virulency and, thus, these parasites are potential sources of severe coccidiosis and the cause of infections in other cattle. Although additional studies are warranted, these results can be helpful for improving the management and productivity of Madura cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poedji Hastutiek
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Tri Suwanti
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Sunarso
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprihati
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Li DL, Gong QL, Ge GY, Wang Q, Sheng CY, Ma BY, Chen ZY, Yang Y, Li JM, Shi K, Leng X, Du R. Prevalence and infection risk factors of bovine Eimeria in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite 2021; 28:61. [PMID: 34374643 PMCID: PMC8354008 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeria spp. cause the disease coccidiosis, which results in chronic wasting of livestock and can lead to the death of the animal. The disease, common worldwide, has caused huge economic losses to the cattle industry in particular. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of bovine Eimeria in China. Our search of five databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP, and Wan Fang for articles published up to February 29, 2020 on the prevalence of Eimeria in cattle in mainland China yielded 46 articles, in which the prevalence of cattle ranged from 4.6% to 87.5%. The rate of bovine Eimeria infection has been decreasing year by year, from 57.9% before 2000 to 25.0% after 2015, but it is still high. We also analyzed the region, sampling years, detection methods, feeding model, seasons, and species of bovine Eimeria. We recommend that prevention strategies should focus on strengthening detection of Eimeria in calves in the intensive farming model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Li
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College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Qing-Long Gong
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Gui-Yang Ge
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Qi Wang
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Sheng
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Bao-Yi Ma
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Zi-Yang Chen
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Yang Yang
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
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College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Kun Shi
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College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Xue Leng
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College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
| | - Rui Du
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Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin Province
130118 PR China
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14
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Matsubayashi M, Takami K, Kinoshita M, Tsuchida S, Ushida K, Shibahara T, Sasai K. Morphological and molecular identification of Eimeria tetartooimia oocysts from a Japanese green pheasant (Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianus versicolor) at a zoo in Japan. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2973-2979. [PMID: 34236530 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We detected Eimeria oocysts from Japanese green pheasants (Phasianus versicolor) at a zoo in Osaka, Japan. The oocyst isolates were subspherical or ovoidal shaped and measured 17.2 (range 14.7-20.0) μm in length and 14.8 (13.3-16.7) μm in width with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.2 (1.0-1.4) and each had one polar granule. The oocysts lacked a residuum and micropyle. Sporocysts measured 9.8 (6.7-13.3) μm in length and 5.9 (4.7-7.3) μm in width, with a L/W ratio of 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Compared to previously published values, this strain shows morphological similarities with an isolate of E. teetartooimia from ring-necked pheasants from other countries. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes places the isolate in a clade related to chicken Eimeria spp., such as E. acervulina or E. brunetti. Although further analysis is needed, this information can be helpful for the diagnosis and determination of virulence of Eimeria spp. in pheasants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan. .,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. .,Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Takami
- Osaka Municipal Tennoji Zoological Gardens, Osaka, Osaka, 543-0063, Japan.,Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-3147, Japan
| | - Moemi Kinoshita
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.,Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
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15
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Matsubayashi M, Kobayashi A, Kaneko M, Kinoshita M, Tsuchida S, Shibahara T, Hasegawa M, Nakamura H, Sasai K, Ushida K. Distribution of Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in cage protection environments for the conservation of Japanese rock ptarmigans ( Lagopus muta japonica) in the Japanese Alps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 15:225-230. [PMID: 34159052 PMCID: PMC8196045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, are classified as an endangered species in Japan and are found only in the Japanese Alps. The number of birds has decreased in the last half century and cage protection projects have been undertaken as in situ conservation strategies (one of the projects for the recovery plan of Japanese rock ptarmigan) in the mountains. During the period with cage protections, some chicks died and two Eimeria spp., E. uekii and E. raichoi, were identified in the chicks. Here, we examined the soil within the cages and in the surrounding environment to assess potential sources of infection between July to August 2020. We found high numbers of oocysts in the cages, especially at the back sides where the ptarmigan family frequently congregated, but soils in other areas outside the cages were less contaminated or not contaminated at all. The time required for more than 50% of the oocysts to sporulate at 15, 20 and 25 °C for E. uekii was 20, 11, and 5 h, respectively, and 72, 48 and 18 h, respectively, for E. raichoi. Our results cast some doubt that coprophagia by chicks is the source of infection because chicks consumed fresh cecal feces (approximately within 1 h) as far as we know, and instead, the protected chicks might be directly or indirectly infected by oocysts in soils or the environment. Cage protection is effective for protecting chicks of Japanese rock ptarmigans. Soils at the back sides in the cages were highly contaminated with Eimeria spp. E. uekii can rapidly be sporulated at 15 °C in timber regions. Protected chicks might be infected by oocysts in soils or the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Shin-etsu Nature Conservation Office, Environmental Ministry Japan, Nagano 380-0846, Japan
| | - Minemitsu Kaneko
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Moemi Kinoshita
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masami Hasegawa
- Department of Biology, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- General Foundation Hiroshi Nakamura International Institute for Ornithology, Nakagosho, Nagano 380-0934, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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16
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Wardhana AH, Sawitri DH, Ekawasti F, Martindah E, Apritadewi D, Shibahara T, Kusumoto M, Tokoro M, Sasai K, Matsubayashi M. Occurrence and genetic identifications of porcine Entamoeba, E. suis and E. polecki, at Tangerang in West Java, Indonesia. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2983-2990. [PMID: 32705376 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba suis and E. polecki subtype (ST) 1 and ST3 recently have been inferred to be virulent in pigs. However, because relevant molecular epidemiological surveys have been limited, the prevalences of these species remain unknown and their pathogenicities are still controversial. We surveyed 196 fecal samples of pigs (118 of adults, 78 of piglets) at Tangerang in West Java, Indonesia, in 2017, employing PCR using porcine Entamoeba-specific primers. E. suis was the more frequently detected species, observed in 81.1% of samples, while E. polecki ST1 and ST3 were detected in 18.4% and 17.3% of samples, respectively; mixed infections (harboring 2-3 species or subtypes of Entamoeba) were confirmed in 29.3% of positive samples. Statistically significant differences in the positive rates were not seen between adult pigs and piglets, except for those of E. polecki ST3. The prevalences of Eimeria spp. and/or Cystoisospora suis (79.1%), strongyles (55.6%), and Strongyloides spp. (6.1%) were also observed morphologically in the samples. Further chronological or seasonal investigations of pigs and humans in these high-prevalence areas are needed to assess the virulence of the Entamoeba parasites, including the effects on pig productivity, and to evaluate the zoonotic impacts of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Hari Wardhana
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Fitrine Ekawasti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Eny Martindah
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
| | - Dias Apritadewi
- Polytechnic of Agricultural Development Yogyakarta, Magelang, 56101, Indonesia
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tokoro
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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17
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Matsubayashi M, Kinoshita M, Kobayashi A, Tsuchida S, Shibahara T, Hasegawa M, Nakamura H, Sasai K, Ushida K. Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 12:19-24. [PMID: 32368488 PMCID: PMC7186262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The population of Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica), an endangered species with a habitat above the timberline of the southern Japanese Alps, has declined. As one of the recent conservation strategies for this species, cage protection for broods (hens and chicks) has been introduced in their habitats. Two species of Eimeria have frequently been detected in these birds, but little is known about the parasitic circulation in the region, including among birds and in the environment. Here, we conducted histopathology examinations of dead chicks collected under cage protection in 2018, and examined the feces of the hens and chicks of three broods and environmental soils for parasites in 2019 in order to assess the potential sources of infection and pathogenicity. Developmental zoites were found in the epithelial mucosa and/or the submucosa from the duodenum to the colon of all dead chicks. Fecal examination revealed oocysts of E. uekii and/or E. raichoi in all hens and chicks. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. per gram of feces in chicks increased within 2 weeks after hatching and then gradually deceased. Following infection of the chicks, oocysts could accumulate within the cage areas, and oocyst density exceeded more than 1000 oocysts per gram of cage soils. Based on having sporulated morphologies, oocysts could be infective and therefore, be direct or indirect potential sources of infection. However, based on our findings that not all chicks were clinically affected by the infections, other factors such as microbial flora in the chicks established by coprophagy or from the habitat environment, including climate, might be associated with the pathogenicity of Eimeria spp., although further studies are needed to assess these correlations. Cage protection is effective on conservation of Japanese rock ptarmigans. Hens caring chicks were highly infected with Eimeria spp. and shedded the oocysts. Potential sources of the infection could be contaminated soils but not coprophagy behaviors of chicks. Pathogenicity of Eimeria might be also associated with factors like establishment of gut microbiota or habitat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Moemi Kinoshita
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masami Hasegawa
- Department of Biology, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- General Foundation Hiroshi Nakamura International Institute for Ornithology, Nakagosho, Nagano, 380-0934, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author. Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
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18
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Matsubayashi M, Shibahara T, Matsuo T, Hatabu T, Yamagishi J, Sasai K, Isobe T. Morphological and molecular identification of Eimeria spp. in breeding chicken farms of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:516-519. [PMID: 32238624 PMCID: PMC7273590 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been no reports of the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in poultry breeding farms in Japan unlike those of broiler farms. From 2017 to 2018, we examined the prevalence
of Eimeria spp. on breeding farms in Japan by oocyst morphology and PCR analyses. A total of 143 samples was collected from 37 breeding farms in 21 prefectures of Japan. We
detected oocysts of seven species at 34 of 37 breeding farms by PCR, and we identified E. brunetti at 51.5% of farms found to be positive for Eimeria. The
differences in the identification of Eimeria spp. between the morphology and PCR assay methods of oocysts were pronounced for E. maxima and E.
necatrix. We confirmed that molecular tools were more suitable for accurately estimating prevalence of Eimeria spp., and these findings suggest that E.
brunetti could be widespread in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tomohide Matsuo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Japan Livestock Technology Association, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
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19
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Detections of gastrointestinal parasites, including Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp., in cattle of Banten province, Indonesia. J Parasit Dis 2019; 44:174-179. [PMID: 32174722 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites can induce low productivity in livestock by causing acute or chronic enteritis. Veterinarians make great efforts to design rational and effective hygienic protocols for both the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Although prevalences can vary depending on the examined areas or the ages of the hosts, and the methods used for detections, it is helpful to accumulate data across many areas to evaluate parasitic distribution. A coprological survey in cattle was conducted in Tangerang, Banten Province of Indonesia, in order to determine the prevalence of the parasites, including those of diarrhea-associated diseases. Furthermore, the risk of transmission of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. to human was genetically analyzed. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 87 of 109 cattle samples, including 85 carrying Eimeria spp., 36 carrying Fasciola gigantica, 35 carrying Strongyloides spp., 33 carrying Paramphistomum spp., and 15 carrying Capillaria spp. Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp., parasites with zoonotic potential, were detected in 9 and 1 cattle samples, respectively. Molecular analyses identified the G. intestinalis isolate as a member of Assemblage E, which has been recently detected in humans in another country. These results may be helpful in understanding the hygienic risk affecting the livestock productivity and zoonotic potential of cattle in Indonesia.
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