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Wardhana AH, Sawitri DH, Ekawasti F, Martindah E, Apritadewi D, Shibahara T, Kusumoto M, Tokoro M, Sasai K, Matsubayashi M. Occurrence and genetic identifications of porcine Entamoeba, E. suis and E. polecki, at Tangerang in West Java, Indonesia. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2983-2990. [PMID: 32705376 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba suis and E. polecki subtype (ST) 1 and ST3 recently have been inferred to be virulent in pigs. However, because relevant molecular epidemiological surveys have been limited, the prevalences of these species remain unknown and their pathogenicities are still controversial. We surveyed 196 fecal samples of pigs (118 of adults, 78 of piglets) at Tangerang in West Java, Indonesia, in 2017, employing PCR using porcine Entamoeba-specific primers. E. suis was the more frequently detected species, observed in 81.1% of samples, while E. polecki ST1 and ST3 were detected in 18.4% and 17.3% of samples, respectively; mixed infections (harboring 2-3 species or subtypes of Entamoeba) were confirmed in 29.3% of positive samples. Statistically significant differences in the positive rates were not seen between adult pigs and piglets, except for those of E. polecki ST3. The prevalences of Eimeria spp. and/or Cystoisospora suis (79.1%), strongyles (55.6%), and Strongyloides spp. (6.1%) were also observed morphologically in the samples. Further chronological or seasonal investigations of pigs and humans in these high-prevalence areas are needed to assess the virulence of the Entamoeba parasites, including the effects on pig productivity, and to evaluate the zoonotic impacts of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Hari Wardhana
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Fitrine Ekawasti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Eny Martindah
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
| | - Dias Apritadewi
- Polytechnic of Agricultural Development Yogyakarta, Magelang, 56101, Indonesia
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tokoro
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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Hirashima Y, Manchanayake T, Yano T, Kitahara S, Koreeda T, Kamimura S, Sasai K, Matsubayashi M, Shibahara T. Development of molecular diagnostic protocols for detecting three types of Entamoeba from diarrheal and asymptomatic pigs and environmental moist soils. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2001-2007. [PMID: 28508163 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba suis and Entamoeba polecki subtypes (ST) 1 and 3 have recently been implicated in disease outbreaks in pigs. However, the distributions of these parasites in Japan and the potential sources of infection on farms still remain unclear. Here, we examined a farm of fattening/growing pigs with abnormal feces in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, and found the presence of parasites in the farm environment. Examination of intestinal tissues from pigs presenting with ulcerative colitis revealed a large number of trophozoites that had invaded the lesions. We identified single and mixed infections of E. suis and E. polecki ST1 and ST3 in paraffin sections or fecal samples from affected pigs. Two subtypes of Entamoeba were identified using four primer sets by PCR and sequencing. The parasites were detected in moist soil samples obtained around the drinking water source or puddles, implicating transmission of cysts via contaminated soils. Additionally, we found evidence of Entamoeba spp. and coinfections in surveyed pigs without any diarrhea at two neighboring farms. Our results establish methods for successfully identification of parasites, including cases in which multiple infections are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hirashima
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, 899-2201, Japan
| | - Tilusha Manchanayake
- Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.,National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yano
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, 899-2201, Japan.,Kanoya Meat Inspection Center, 3874-12, Kawanishi, Kanoya, 893-0032, Japan
| | - Syoei Kitahara
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, 899-2201, Japan
| | - Terunori Koreeda
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, 899-2201, Japan.,Livestock Industry Division of Kagoshima Prefecture, 10-1 Kamoike-shinmachi, Kagoshima, 890-8577, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Kamimura
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, 899-2201, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Japan.
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