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Bath JE, Wang DD. Unraveling the threads of stability: A review of the neurophysiology of postural control in Parkinson's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00354. [PMID: 38579454 PMCID: PMC11000188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Postural instability is a detrimental and often treatment-refractory symptom of Parkinson's disease. While many existing studies quantify the biomechanical deficits among various postural domains (static, anticipatory, and reactive) in this population, less is known regarding the neural network dysfunctions underlying these phenomena. This review will summarize current studies on the cortical and subcortical neural activities during postural responses in healthy subjects and those with Parkinson's disease. We will also review the effects of current therapies, including neuromodulation and feedback-based wearable devices, on postural instability symptoms. With recent advances in implantable devices that allow chronic, ambulatory neural data collection from patients with Parkinson's disease, combined with sensors that can quantify biomechanical measurements of postural responses, future work using these devices will enable better understanding of the neural mechanisms of postural control. Bridging this knowledge gap will be the critical first step towards developing novel neuromodulatory interventions to enhance the treatment of postural instability in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bath
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Doris D Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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2
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Mangalam M, Kelty-Stephen DG, Seleznov I, Popov A, Likens AD, Kiyono K, Stergiou N. Older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease control posture along suborthogonal directions that deviate from the traditional anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4117. [PMID: 38374371 PMCID: PMC10876602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A rich and complex temporal structure of variability in postural sway characterizes healthy and adaptable postural control. However, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, which often manifest as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, disrupt this healthy variability. This study examined postural sway in young and older adults, including individuals with Parkinson's disease, under different upright standing conditions to investigate the potential connection between the temporal structure of variability in postural sway and Parkinsonism. A novel and innovative method called oriented fractal scaling component analysis was employed. This method involves decomposing the two-dimensional center of pressure (CoP) planar trajectories to pinpoint the directions associated with minimal and maximal temporal correlations in postural sway. As a result, it facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the directional characteristics within the temporal structure of sway variability. The results demonstrated that healthy young adults control posture along two orthogonal directions closely aligned with the traditional anatomical anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) axes. In contrast, older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease controlled posture along suborthogonal directions that significantly deviate from the AP and ML axes. These findings suggest that the altered temporal structure of sway variability is evident in individuals with Parkinson's disease and underlies postural deficits, surpassing what can be explained solely by the natural aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - Damian G Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, 12561, USA
| | - Ivan Seleznov
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, 79011, Ukraine
| | - Aaron D Likens
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
- Department of Department of Physical Education, and Sport Science, Aristotle University, 570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Heß T, Themann P, Oehlwein C, Milani TL. Does Impaired Plantar Cutaneous Vibration Perception Contribute to Axial Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease? Effects of Medication and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1681. [PMID: 38137129 PMCID: PMC10742284 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception contributes to axial motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and whether anti-parkinsonian medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) show different effects. METHODS Three groups were evaluated: PD patients in the medication "on" state (PD-MED), PD patients in the medication "on" state and additionally "on" STN-DBS (PD-MED-DBS), as well as healthy subjects (HS) as reference. Motor performance was analyzed using a pressure distribution platform. Plantar cutaneous vibration perception thresholds (VPT) were investigated using a customized vibration exciter at 30 Hz. RESULTS Motor performance of PD-MED and PD-MED-DBS was characterized by greater postural sway, smaller limits of stability ranges, and slower gait due to shorter strides, fewer steps per minute, and broader stride widths compared to HS. Comparing patient groups, PD-MED-DBS showed better overall motor performance than PD-MED, particularly for the functional limits of stability and gait. VPTs were significantly higher for PD-MED compared to those of HS, which suggests impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception in PD. However, PD-MED-DBS showed less impaired cutaneous vibration perception than PD-MED. CONCLUSIONS PD patients suffer from poor motor performance compared to healthy subjects. Anti-parkinsonian medication in tandem with STN-DBS seems to be superior for normalizing axial motor symptoms compared to medication alone. Plantar cutaneous vibration perception is impaired in PD patients, whereas anti-parkinsonian medication together with STN-DBS is superior for normalizing tactile cutaneous perception compared to medication alone. Consequently, based on our results and the findings of the literature, impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception might contribute to axial motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heß
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Peter Themann
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson, Clinic at Tharandter Forest, 09633 Halsbruecke, Germany
| | - Christian Oehlwein
- Neurological Outpatient Clinic for Parkinson Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation, 07551 Gera, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Milani
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Olson MC, Shill H, Ponce F, Aslam S. Deep brain stimulation in PD: risk of complications, morbidity, and hospitalizations: a systematic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1258190. [PMID: 38046469 PMCID: PMC10690827 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1258190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating neurological disorder. While dopaminergic medication improves PD symptoms, continued management is complicated by continued symptom progression, increasing medication fluctuations, and medication-related dyskinesia. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is a well-accepted and widespread treatment often utilized to address these symptoms in advanced PD. However, DBS may also lead to complications requiring hospitalization. In addition, patients with PD and DBS may have specialized care needs during hospitalization. Methods This systematic review seeks to characterize the complications and risk of hospitalization following DBS surgery. Patient risk factors and modifications to DBS surgical techniques that may affect surgical risk are also discussed. Results It is found that, when candidates are carefully screened, DBS is a relatively low-risk procedure, but rate of hospitalization is somewhat increased for DBS patients. Discussion More research is needed to determine the relative influence of more advanced disease vs. DBS itself in increased rate of hospitalization, but education about DBS and PD is important to insure effective patient care within the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markey C. Olson
- Department of Neurology, Muhammad Ali Movement Disorders Clinic, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Brain and Spine, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Holly Shill
- Department of Neurology, Muhammad Ali Movement Disorders Clinic, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Francisco Ponce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Brain and Spine, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Neurology, Muhammad Ali Movement Disorders Clinic, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Dale M, Mancini M, Stevens A, Brumbach B, Prewitt A, Harker G, Silva-Batista C, Ragothaman A, Folmer R, Quinn J, Horak F. C-STIM: Protocol for a randomized, single-blind, crossover study of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for postural instability in people with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 35:101165. [PMID: 37538197 PMCID: PMC10393598 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methods for modulating the cerebellum with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are well established, and preliminary data from our group and others has shown evidence of transient improvements in balance after cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in progressive suprancuclear palsy (PSP). This study examines extensive posturography measures before and after 10 sessions of cerebellar rTMS and sham TMS in PSP. Methods Thirty subjects with PSP and postural instability will undergo cerebellar active and sham rTMS in a single-blind, crossover design with a randomized order of a 10-day intervention. Primary outcomes will be changes in sway area and medio-lateral range of sway with eyes open while standing on a stationary force-plate, and safety, tolerability, and blindedness. Secondary outcomes will include posturography and gait analysis with body-worn, triaxial inertial sensors, clinical balance scales and questionnaires, and a bedside test of vestibular function. Exploratory outcomes are changes in functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal over the prefrontal, supplementary motor, and primary motor cortices while standing and walking, and speech samples for future analysis. Discussion The C-STIM crossover intervention study adds a longer duration of stimulation and extensive posturography measures to more finely measure the improvements in balance and exploratory functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) over the prefronal, supplementary motor, and primary motor cortices during balance assessments before and after 10 sessions of cerebellar rTMS and 10 sessions of sham cerebellar TMS. This project will improve our understanding of the importance of the cerebellum for control of postural stability in PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Dale
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M. Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A. Stevens
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B.H. Brumbach
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A. Prewitt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - G. Harker
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C. Silva-Batista
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A. Ragothaman
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R.L. Folmer
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research (NCRAR), VA Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J.F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - F.B. Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
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Rahmati Z, Behzadipour S, Taghizadeh G. Margins of postural stability in Parkinson's disease: an application of control theory. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226876. [PMID: 37781528 PMCID: PMC10539597 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Postural instability is a restrictive feature in Parkinson's disease (PD), usually assessed by clinical or laboratory tests. However, the exact quantification of postural stability, using stability theorems that take into account human dynamics, is still lacking. We investigated the feasibility of control theory and the Nyquist stability criterion-gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM)-in discriminating postural instability in PD, as well as the effects of a balance-training program. Methods: Center-of-pressure (COP) data of 40 PD patients before and after a 4-week balance-training program, and 20 healthy control subjects (HCs) (Study1) as well as COP data of 20 other PD patients at four time points during a 6-week balance-training program (Study2), collected in two earlier studies, were used. COP was recorded in four tasks, two on a rigid surface and two on foam, both with eyes open and eyes closed. A postural control model (an inverted pendulum with a Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and time delay) was fitted to the COP data to subject-specifically identify the model parameters thereby calculating |GM| and PM for each subject in each task. Results: PD patients had a smaller margin of stability (|GM| and PM) compared with HCs. Particularly, patients, unlike HCs, showed a drastic drop in PM on foam. Clinical outcomes and margins of stability improved in patients after balance training. |GM| improved early in week 4, followed by a plateau during the rest of the training. In contrast, PM improved late (week 6) in a relatively continuous-progression form. Conclusion: Using fundamental stability theorems is a promising technique for the standardized quantification of postural stability in various tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmati
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Behzadipour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Djawad Movafaghian Research Center in Neurorehab Technologies, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Leodori G, Santilli M, Modugno N, D’Avino M, De Bartolo MI, Fabbrini A, Rocchi L, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Belvisi D. Postural Instability and Risk of Falls in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Treated with Deep Brain Stimulation: A Stabilometric Platform Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1243. [PMID: 37759844 PMCID: PMC10526843 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postural instability (PI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) exposes patients to an increased risk of falls (RF). While dopaminergic therapy and deep brain stimulation (DBS) improve motor performance in advanced PD patients, their effects on PI and RF remain elusive. PI and RF were assessed using a stabilometric platform in six advanced PD patients. Patients were evaluated in OFF and ON dopaminergic medication and under four DBS settings: with DBS off, DBS bilateral, and unilateral DBS of the more- or less-affected side. Our findings indicate that dopaminergic medication by itself exacerbated PI and RF, and DBS alone led to a decline in RF. No combination of medication and DBS yielded a superior improvement in postural control compared to the baseline combination of OFF medication and the DBS-off condition. Yet, for ON medication, DBS significantly improved both PI and RF. Among DBS conditions, DBS bilateral provided the most favorable outcomes, improving PI and RF in the ON medication state and presenting the smallest setbacks in the OFF state. Conversely, the more-affected side DBS was less beneficial. These preliminary results could inform therapeutic strategies for advanced PD patients experiencing postural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Marco Santilli
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Nicola Modugno
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Michele D’Avino
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Maria Ilenia De Bartolo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Conte
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (D.B.)
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.B.); (A.F.)
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8
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Heß T, Oehlwein C, Milani TL. Anticipatory Postural Adjustments and Compensatory Postural Responses to Multidirectional Perturbations-Effects of Medication and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030454. [PMID: 36979264 PMCID: PMC10046463 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural instability is one of the most restricting motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). While medication therapy only shows minor effects, it is still unclear whether medication in conjunction with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves postural stability. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether PD patients treated with medication in conjunction with STN-DBS have superior postural control compared to patients treated with medication alone. METHODS Three study groups were tested: PD patients on medication (PD-MED), PD patients on medication and on STN-DBS (PD-MED-DBS), and healthy elderly subjects (HS) as a reference. Postural performance, including anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) prior to perturbation onset and compensatory postural responses (CPR) following multidirectional horizontal perturbations, was analyzed using force plate and electromyography data. RESULTS Regardless of the treatment condition, both patient groups showed inadequate APA and CPR with early and pronounced antagonistic muscle co-contractions compared to healthy elderly subjects. Comparing the treatment conditions, study group PD-MED-DBS only showed minor advantages over group PD-MED. In particular, group PD-MED-DBS showed faster postural reflexes and tended to have more physiological co-contraction ratios. CONCLUSION medication in conjunction with STN-DBS may have positive effects on the timing and amplitude of postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heß
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christian Oehlwein
- Neurological Outpatient Clinic for Parkinson Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation, 07551 Gera, Germany
| | - Thomas L Milani
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Feasibility of Combining Disease-Specific and Balance-Related Measures as Risk Predictors of Future Falls in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010127. [PMID: 36614927 PMCID: PMC9821540 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the view that postural sway in a quiet stance increases with clinical disease severity and dopaminergic therapy in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), which, in turn, increases the risk of falling. This study evaluated the feasibility of combining disease-specific and balance-related measures as risk predictors for future falls in patients with PD. The patients with PD underwent postural sway measurements (area, length, and velocity traveled by the excursion of the center of pressure) and clinical functional scores (Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] and Tinetti balance and gait score assessment) in both the on- and off-states of dopaminergic therapy. The outcome was defined as the development of a new fall. The sway area, velocity, and length increased after the medication administration. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that only previous fall history, Tinetti balance and gait score (on-state), and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) were associated with the development of future falls. The cumulative risk of fall development showed that the sway length and velocity were associated with future falls after more than six months. The combined LEDD, Tinetti balance and gait score (on-state), and velocity and length of postural sway (on-state) had the highest diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = 0.9, p < 0.0001). Dopaminergic therapy can improve clinical functional scores but worsen balance-related measures. Increased sway length and velocity during the medication state are hallmarks of future falls, particularly in advanced PD. Combining disease-specific and balance-related measures can serve as an auxiliary diagnosis as risk predictors for future falls.
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Kelemen A, Halász L, Muthuraman M, Erőss L, Barsi P, Zádori D, Laczó B, Kis D, Klivényi P, Fekete G, Bognár L, Bereczki D, Tamás G. Clinical parameters predict the effect of bilateral subthalamic stimulation on dynamic balance parameters during gait in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:917187. [PMID: 36226087 PMCID: PMC9549153 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.917187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of deep brain stimulation on dynamic balance during gait in Parkinson's disease with motion sensor measurements and predicted their values from disease-related factors. We recruited twenty patients with Parkinson's disease treated with bilateral subthalamic stimulation for at least 12 months and 24 healthy controls. Six monitors with three-dimensional gyroscopes and accelerometers were placed on the chest, the lumbar region, the two wrists, and the shins. Patients performed the instrumented Timed Up and Go test in stimulation OFF, stimulation ON, and right- and left-sided stimulation ON conditions. Gait parameters and dynamic balance parameters such as double support, peak turn velocity, and the trunk's range of motion and velocity in three dimensions were analyzed. Age, disease duration, the time elapsed after implantation, the Hoehn-Yahr stage before and after the operation, the levodopa, and stimulation responsiveness were reported. We individually calculated the distance values of stimulation locations from the subthalamic motor center in three dimensions. Sway values of static balance were collected. We compared the gait parameters in the OFF and stimulation ON states and controls. With cluster analysis and a machine-learning-based multiple regression method, we explored the predictive clinical factors for each dynamic balance parameter (with age as a confounder). The arm movements improved the most among gait parameters due to stimulation and the horizontal and sagittal trunk movements. Double support did not change after switching on the stimulation on the group level and did not differ from control values. Individual changes in double support and horizontal range of trunk motion due to stimulation could be predicted from the most disease-related factors and the severity of the disease; the latter also from the stimulation-related changes in the static balance parameters. Physiotherapy should focus on double support and horizontal trunk movements when treating patients with subthalamic deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kelemen
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Halász
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Barsi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Laczó
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Bereczki
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gertrúd Tamás
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gertrúd Tamás
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11
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Short-Term Motor Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease after Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Combined with Post-Operative Rehabilitation: A Pre-Post Comparison Study. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:8448638. [PMID: 35992727 PMCID: PMC9391177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8448638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The effects of subthalamic nuclear deep brain stimulation therapy (STN-DBS) and combined postoperative rehabilitation for patients with Parkinson's disease with postural instability have yet to be well reported. This study investigated the effects of short-term postoperative rehabilitation with STN-DBS on physical function in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods Patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease who were admitted to our hospital for STN-DBS surgery were included in this study. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative rehabilitation consisted of muscle-strengthening exercises, stretching, and balance exercises for 40–60 minutes per day for approximately 14 days. The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) seconds and steps, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), seconds for 10 times toe-tapping, lower limb extension torque using StrengthErgo240, and center of pressure sway in the quiet standing posture were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at discharge. Mini-BESTest changes were also evaluated in the two groups classified by the presence or absence of postural instability. One-way and two-way repeated measures analyses of variance were performed for each of the three periods of change, and paired t-tests with the Bonferroni method were performed as multiple comparison tests. A stepwise multiple regression model was used to identify factors associated with balance improvement. Results A total of 60 patients with Parkinson's disease were included, and there were significant increases in Mini-BESTest, TIS, StrengthErgo240, and postural sway during closed-eye standing compared to pre- and postoperative conditions at discharge (p < 0.05), and they decreased significantly compared to the postoperative period (p < 0.05). On stepwise multiple regression analysis, decreased steps of TUG and improvement of TIS scores were related to improvement of the Mini-BESTest (p < 0.05). In addition, Mini-BESTest scores in both groups with and without postural instability were significantly increased at discharge compared to preoperative and postoperative conditions (p < 0.01). Conclusion Postoperative rehabilitation combined with STN-DBS may provide short-term improvements in physical function compared with the preoperative medicated status. The improvements in gait step length and trunk function may be important factors for obtaining improvement of postoperative postural stability.
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de Oliveira CEN, Ribeiro de Souza C, Treza RDC, Hondo SM, Los Angeles E, Bernardo C, Shida TKF, dos Santos de Oliveira L, Novaes TM, de Campos DDSF, Gisoldi E, Carvalho MDJ, Coelho DB. A Public Data Set With Ground Reaction Forces of Human Balance in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:865882. [PMID: 35516808 PMCID: PMC9063313 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.865882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Castro Treza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Sandy Mikie Hondo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Los Angeles
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Claudionor Bernardo
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thayna Magalhães Novaes
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Gisoldi
- Ambulatório de Distúrbios de Movimento, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daniel Boari Coelho
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Mobbs RJ, Natarajan P, Fonseka RD, Betteridge C, Ho D, Mobbs R, Sy L, Maharaj M. Walking orientation randomness metric (WORM) score: pilot study of a novel gait parameter to assess walking stability and discriminate fallers from non-fallers using wearable sensors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:304. [PMID: 35351090 PMCID: PMC8966274 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal disorders can contribute to injurious falls and incur significant societal and healthcare burdens. Identification of fallers from non-fallers through wearable-based gait analysis can facilitate timely intervention to assist mobility and prevent falls whilst improving care and attention for high fall-risk patients. In this study, we use wearable sensor-based gait analysis to introduce a novel variable to assess walking stability in fallers and non-fallers – the Walking Orientation Randomness Metric. The WORM score quantifies the stability, or ‘figure-of-eight’ motion of a subject’s trunk during walking as an indicator of a falls-predictive (pathological) gait. Methods WORM is calculated as the ‘figure-of-eight’ oscillation mapped out in the transverse-plane by the upper body’s centre-point during a walking bout. A sample of patients presenting to the Prince of Wales Hospital (Sydney, Australia) with a primary diagnosis of “falls for investigation” and age-matched healthy controls (non-fallers) from the community were recruited. Participants were fitted at the sternal angle with the wearable accelerometer, MetaMotionC (Mbientlab Inc., USA) and walked unobserved (at self-selected pace) for 5-50 m along an obstacle-free, carpeted hospital corridor. Results Participants comprised of 16 fallers (mean age: 70 + 17) and 16 non-fallers (mean age: 70 + 9) based on a recent fall(s) history. The (median) WORM score was 17-fold higher (p < 0.001) in fallers (3.64 cm) compared to non-fallers (0.21 cm). ROC curve analyses demonstrate WORM can discriminate fallers from non-fallers (AUC = 0.97). Diagnostic analyses (cut-off > 0.51 cm) show high sensitivity (88%) and specificity (94%). Conclusion In this pilot study we have introduced the WORM score, demonstrating its discriminative performance in a preliminary sample size of 16 fallers. WORM is a novel gait metric assessing walking stability as measured by truncal way during ambulation and shows promise for objective and clinical evaluation of fallers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05211-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Jasper Mobbs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia. .,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Neuro Spine Clinic, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, 320-346 Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Pragadesh Natarajan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia.,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia
| | - R Dineth Fonseka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia.,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia
| | - Callum Betteridge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia.,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Ho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia
| | - Redmond Mobbs
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Sy
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Monish Maharaj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia.,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Neuro Spine Clinic, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, 320-346 Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
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Kelemen A, Halász L, Erőss L, Rudas G, Muthuraman M, Zádori D, Laczó B, Kis D, Klivényi P, Fekete G, Bognár L, Bereczki D, Tamás G. Factors affecting postural instability after more than one-year bilateral subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264114. [PMID: 35196348 PMCID: PMC8865658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Balance impairment in Parkinson’s disease is multifactorial and its changes due to subthalamic stimulation vary in different studies. Objective We aimed to analyze the combination of predictive clinical factors of balance impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with bilateral subthalamic stimulation for at least one year. Methods We recruited 24 patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with bilateral subthalamic stimulation and 24 healthy controls. They wore an Opal monitor (APDM Inc.) consisting of three-dimensional gyroscopes and accelerometers in the lumbar region. We investigated four stimulation conditions (bilateral stimulation OFF, bilateral stimulation ON, and unilateral right- and left-sided stimulation ON) with four tests: stance on a plain ground with eyes open and closed, stance on a foam platform with eyes open and closed. Age, disease duration, the time elapsed after implantation, levodopa, and stimulation responsiveness were analyzed. The distance of stimulation location from the subthalamic motor center was calculated individually in each plane of the three dimensions. We analyzed the sway values in the four stimulation conditions in the patient group and compared them with the control values. We explored factor combinations (with age as confounder) in the patient group predictive for imbalance with cluster analysis and a machine‐learning‐based multiple regression method. Results Sway combined from the four tasks did not differ in the patients and controls on a group level. The combination of the disease duration, the preoperative levodopa responsiveness, and the stimulation responsiveness predicted individual stimulation-induced static imbalance. The more affected patients had more severe motor symptoms; primarily, the proprioceptive followed by visual sensory feedback loss provoked imbalance in them when switching on the stimulation. Conclusions The duration of the disease, the severity of motor symptoms, the levodopa responsiveness, and additional sensory deficits should be carefully considered during preoperative evaluation to predict subthalamic stimulation-induced imbalance in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kelemen
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Halász
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rudas
- MR Research Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Laczó
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Bereczki
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gertrúd Tamás
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Student J, Engel D, Timmermann L, Bremmer F, Waldthaler J. Visual Perturbation Suggests Increased Effort to Maintain Balance in Early Stages of Parkinson’s to be an Effect of Age Rather Than Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:762380. [PMID: 35308620 PMCID: PMC8924037 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.762380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural instability marks a prevalent symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It often manifests in increased body sway, which is commonly assessed by tracking the Center of Pressure (CoP). Yet, in terms of postural control, the body’s Center of Mass (CoM), and not CoP is what is regulated in a gravitational field. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of early- to mid-stage PD on these measures of postural control in response to unpredictable visual perturbations. We investigated three cohorts: (i) 18 patients with early to mid-stage PD [Hoehn & Yahr stage (1–3); 1.94 ± 0.70]; (ii) a group of 15 age-matched controls (ECT); and (iii) a group of 12 young healthy adults (YCT). Participants stood on a force plate to track their CoP, while the movement of their entire body was recorded with a video-based motion tracking system to monitor their CoM. A moving room paradigm was applied through a head-mounted virtual reality headset. The stimulus consisted of a virtual tunnel that stretched in the anterior-posterior direction which either remained static or moved back and forth in an unpredictable fashion.We found differences in mean sway amplitude (MSA) and mean velocities of CoP and CoM between the groups under both conditions, with higher MSA of CoP and CoM for PD and higher mean velocities of both variables for PD and ECT when compared with YCT. Visual perturbation increased mean CoP velocity in all groups but did not have effects on mean CoM velocity or MSA. While being significantly lower for the young adults, the net effect of visual perturbation on mean CoP velocity was similar between patients with PD and age-matched controls. There was no effect of the visual perturbation on mean CoM velocity for any of the groups.Our simultaneous assessment of CoP and CoM revealed that postural control is reflected differently in CoM and CoP. As the motion of CoM remained mostly unaffected, all groups successfully counteracted the perturbation and maintained their balance. Higher CoP velocity for PD and ECT revealed increased corrective motion needed to achieve this, which however was similar in both groups. Thus, our results suggest increased effort, expressed in CoP velocity, to be an effect of age rather than disease in earlier stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Student
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Justus Student
| | - David Engel
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Bremmer
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Waldthaler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Marburg, Germany
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Salchow-Hömmen C, Skrobot M, Jochner MCE, Schauer T, Kühn AA, Wenger N. Review-Emerging Portable Technologies for Gait Analysis in Neurological Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:768575. [PMID: 35185496 PMCID: PMC8850274 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.768575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of locomotion in neurological disorders requires technologies for quantitative gait analysis. Numerous modalities are available today to objectively capture spatiotemporal gait and postural control features. Nevertheless, many obstacles prevent the application of these technologies to their full potential in neurological research and especially clinical practice. These include the required expert knowledge, time for data collection, and missing standards for data analysis and reporting. Here, we provide a technological review of wearable and vision-based portable motion analysis tools that emerged in the last decade with recent applications in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Multiple Sclerosis. The goal is to enable the reader to understand the available technologies with their individual strengths and limitations in order to make an informed decision for own investigations and clinical applications. We foresee that ongoing developments toward user-friendly automated devices will allow for closed-loop applications, long-term monitoring, and telemedical consulting in real-life environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Salchow-Hömmen
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matej Skrobot
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena C E Jochner
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schauer
- Control Systems Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Wenger
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lai YR, Lien CY, Huang CC, Lin WC, Chen YS, Yu CC, Cheng BC, Kung CT, Kung CF, Chiang YF, Hung YT, Chang HW, Lu CH. Clinical Disease Severity Mediates the Relationship between Stride Length and Speed and the Risk of Falling in Parkinson’s Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020192. [PMID: 35207680 PMCID: PMC8875632 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The shuffling gait with slowed speed and reduced stride length has been considered classic clinical features in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the risk of falling increases as the disease progresses. This raises the possibility that clinical disease severity might mediate the relationship between stride length and speed and the risk of falling in patients with PD. Sixty-one patients with PD patients underwent the clinical scores as well as quantitative biomechanical measures during walking cycles before and after dopamine replacement therapy. Mediation analysis tests whether the direct effect of an independent variable (stride length and speed) on a dependent variable (three-step fall prediction model score) can be explained by the indirect influence of the mediating variable (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total scores). The results demonstrate that decreased stride length, straight walking speed, and turning speed is associated with increased three-step fall prediction model score (r = −0.583, p < 0.0001, r = −0.519, p < 0.0001, and r = −0.462, p < 0.0001, respectively). We further discovered that UPDRS total scores value is negatively correlated with stride length, straight walking, and turning speed (r = −0.651, p < 0.0001, r = −0.555, p < 0.0001, and r = −0.372, p = 0.005, respectively) but positively correlated with the fall prediction model score value (r = 0.527, p < 0.0001). Further mediation analysis shows that the UPDRS total score values serve as mediators between lower stride length, straight walking, and turning speed and higher fall prediction model score values. Our results highlighted the relationship among stride length and speed, clinical disease severity, and risk of falling. As decreased stride length and speed are hallmarks of falls, monitoring the changes of quantitative biomechanical measures along with the use of wearable technology in a longitudinal study can provide a scientific basis for pharmacology, rehabilitation programs, and selecting high-risk candidates for surgical treatment to reduce future fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ru Lai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Chia-Yi Lien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Chiun-Chieh Yu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Ben-Chung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Feng Kung
- Department of Intelligent Commerce, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Fang Chiang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Yun-Ting Hung
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Hsueh-Wen Chang
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen 361126, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 2283)
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Mahajan A, Butala A, Okun MS, Mari Z, Mills KA. Global Variability in Deep Brain Stimulation Practices for Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:667035. [PMID: 33867961 PMCID: PMC8044366 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.667035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a standard treatment option for select patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The selection process and surgical procedures employed have, to date, not been standardized. Methods A comprehensive 58-question web-based survey was developed with a focus on DBS referral practices and peri-operative management. The survey was distributed to the Parkinson’s Foundation Centers of Excellence, members of the International Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Society, and the Parkinson Study Group (Functional Neurosurgery Working Group) between December 2015 and May 2016. Results There were 207 individual respondents (20% response rate) drawn from 59 countries and 6 continents, of whom 64% received formal training in DBS. Thirteen percent of centers reported that DBS could proceed despite a confidence level of < 50% for PD diagnosis. A case-based approach to DBS candidacy was applied in 51.3% of centers without a cut-off for levodopa-responsiveness. Surprisingly, 33% of centers regularly used imaging for diagnostic confirmation of idiopathic PD. Thirty-one percent of centers reported that neuropsychological evaluation did not affect DBS target selection. Approximately half of the respondents reported determination of DBS candidacy based on a multidisciplinary committee evaluation and 1/3rd reported that a committee was used for target selection. Eight percent of respondents felt that psychosocial factors should not impact DBS candidacy nor site selection. Involvement of allied health professionals in the preoperative process was sparse. There was high variability in preoperative education about DBS outcome expectations. Approximately half of the respondents did not utilize a “default brain target,” though STN was used more commonly than GPi. Specific DBS procedure techniques applied, as well as follow-up timelines, were highly variable. Conclusion Results revealed high variability on the best approaches for DBS candidate selection, brain target selection, procedure type, and postoperative practices. Cognitive and mood assessments were underutilized. There was low reliance on multidisciplinary teams or psychosocial factors to impact the decision-making process. There were small but significant differences in practice across global regions, especially regarding multidisciplinary teams. The wide variability of responses across multiple facets of DBS care highlights the need for prospective studies to inform evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Mahajan
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ankur Butala
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology (GMP), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zoltan Mari
- Cleveland Clinic Luo Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Kelly A Mills
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Al-Sharman A, Ismaiel IA, Khalil H, El-Salem K. Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Sleep-Related Biomarkers, and Motor Skill Acquisition Using Virtual Reality in People With Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:582611. [PMID: 33737900 PMCID: PMC7960758 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.582611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Despite the fact that sleep disturbances are among the most common and disabling manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), no study has investigated the effect of sleep quality and sleep-related biomarkers on motor skill acquisition in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Objective: To examine the relationship between skill acquisition, sleep quality, and sleep-related biomarkers in PwPD using virtual reality (VR) system. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 31 PwPD and 31 healthy controls. To assess skill acquisition, each participant practiced a VR game 6 times (blocks). The main outcomes from the VR game were the required time to complete the VR game and the recorded errors. Motor skill acquisition was calculated as the difference of scores between block 6 and block 2 for both outcomes. Sleep was assessed subjectively using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objectively using the Actisleep. To assess sleep related biomarker, plasma serotonin level was examined. Results: PwPD and healthy controls demonstrated a practice-related improvement in performance as shown by the main effect of block for each of the VR outcome measures (p < 0.000, time required to complete VR game; p < 0.000, recorded errors). There was no interaction effect between Block X Group for both outcome measures. There were significant correlations in both groups (p < 0.05) between motor skill acquisition (as indicated by the difference of time required to complete the VR game between block 6 and block 2) and PSQI total score, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed in both groups between motor skill acquisition (as indicated by the difference of time required to complete the VR game between block 6 and block 2) and the plasma serotonin level (p < 0.05). These correlations in PwPD remained significant, even after adjusting for disease motor severity, cognitive status, depression, and daily dose of L-dopa. Discussion and Conclusions: Sleep quality may influence motor skill acquisition in PwPD. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to be aware about sleep quality and sleep assessment tools. Therapies may target improving sleep quality which could result in improving motor skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alham Al-Sharman
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ismail Alhaj Ismaiel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanan Khalil
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Brunet J, Price J, Wurz A, McDonough M, Nantel J. Boxing with Parkinson's Disease: findings from a qualitative study using self-determination theory. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:3880-3889. [PMID: 33625954 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1891465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience debilitating symptoms that may be mitigated by boxing. Yet, attrition from boxing programs is problematic. Understanding whether PD-specific boxing programs can enhance motivation to remain physically active is important. This study investigated adults' experiences within a PD-specific boxing program and explored their perspectives on how the program has influenced physical activity motivational processes using a self-determination theory (SDT) lens. Methods: Nine adults with PD who took part in the Boxing 4 Health PD-specific boxing program completed face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Results: The analysis yielded five themes: (1) I made an informed decision to participate and it feels good, (2) Boxing helps me stay active and keep moving, (3) To keep me going, the boxing program needs to have variety and allow for input, (4) A program that can be adapted to me is important, and (5) The instructor and the group facilitate my continued participation in the program. Conclusion: Providing participants with adapted exercises, varied sessions, and opportunities to provide input in a group-based PD-specific boxing program may be conducive to enhancing motivation for physical activity. Further, SDT may be a useful theoretical framework for developing and evaluating PD-specific programs.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAdults with Parkinson's disease (PD) have many reasons for not engaging in physical activity, including a lack of motivation.A group-based PD-specific boxing program may be conducive to increasing motivation for physical activity.Professionals should consider: (1) educating adults with PD on the benefits of boxing, (2) offering group-based PD-specific boxing programs that are adaptable, varied, and open to input, and (3) fostering social support and networking opportunities within such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brunet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Institut du savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jenson Price
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amanda Wurz
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Julie Nantel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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21
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Landers MR, Jacobson KM, Matsunami NE, McCarl HE, Regis MT, Longhurst JK. A vicious cycle of fear of falling avoidance behavior in Parkinson's disease: A path analysis. Clin Park Relat Disord 2021; 4:100089. [PMID: 34316667 PMCID: PMC8299987 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural instability (PI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with several negative downstream consequences. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to explore the validity of a theoretical model of these downstream consequences arranged in a vicious cycle wherein PI leads to decreased balance confidence, which in turn leads to increased fear of falling (FOF) avoidance behavior, which in turn leads to decreased physical conditioning, which then feeds back and negatively affects PI. METHODS A path analysis of cross-sectional data from 55 participants with PD was conducted. The four constructs in the model connected in succession were: 1. PI (principal components analysis (PCA) composite of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale PI and Gait Difficulty score, Timed Up and Go test, and Berg Balance Scale); 2. balance confidence (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale); 3. FOF avoidance behavior (PCA composite of the FOF Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire and average number of steps per day); and, 4. physical conditioning (2-Minute Step Test). RESULTS The path model was an excellent fit to the data, χ2 (7) = 7.910, p = .341, CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.968, RMSEA = 0.049 (90% CI: 0.000 to 0.179). The moderate to strong and uniformly significant parameter estimates were -0.519, -0.651, -0.653, and -0.570, respectively (ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PI directly and inversely predicted balance confidence, which in turn directly and inversely predicted FOF avoidance behavior. Furthermore, FOF avoidance behavior directly and inversely predicted physical conditioning, which directly and inversely predicted PI, thereby closing the cycle. These findings highlight the downstream consequences of PI in PD and support the notion of a vicious cycle of FOF avoidance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason K. Longhurst
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health
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22
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Power Training for Improvement of Postural Stability and Reduction of Falls in Individuals With Parkinson Disease. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Ünlüer NÖ, Ateş Y, Balbaba A, Sücüllü Karadağ Y. Investigation of non-motor symptoms, balance, muscle strength, and functional mobility in patients with parkinson's disease. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 38:20-26. [PMID: 33131377 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1834377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although both motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) occur in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), clinical practice focuses more on motor symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine balance, muscle strength, and mobility in relation with NMSs in patients with PD. The other aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NMSs and muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 24 patients with PD (between Hoehn & Yahr Stage 1 and 3) and 20 healthy individuals of similar age and sex. The participants' balance was assessed with the Biodex Balance System (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA), muscle strength assessments were conducted with a Biodex® System 4 Dynamometer device, and functional mobility was assessed with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The non-motor symptoms scale was used for NMSs. RESULTS We found that lower extremity strength scores were lower and NMSs, balance, and mobility scores were greater in patients with PD in comparison to healthy controls (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that higher NMSs were related to reduced knee extension strength and cognitive dual task performance. CONCLUSION Although no relationship between NMSs and balance was observed, the relationship between the TUG + cognitive task and muscle strength suggests that NMSs should be carefully evaluated along with the motor symptoms, which deteriorate beginning with the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezehat Özgül Ünlüer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ateş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Balbaba
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Sücüllü Karadağ
- Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Postural instability in Parkinson’s disease: Review and bottom-up rehabilitative approaches. Neurophysiol Clin 2020; 50:479-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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25
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Siragy T, Nantel J. Absent Arm Swing and Dual Tasking Decreases Trunk Postural Control and Dynamic Balance in People With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32362863 PMCID: PMC7180219 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Falling during walking is a common occurrence in people with Parkinson's disease and is closely associated with severe social and medical consequences. Recent evidence demonstrates that arm swing affects dynamic balance in healthy young adults; however, it remains unexamined what its effect is in people with Parkinson's disease, particularly when combined with a secondary dual task. Methods: Twenty people with Parkinson's disease (63.78 ± 8.97) walked with two arm swing conditions (absent and normal) with and without a secondary dual task. Data were collected on a split-belt treadmill CAREN Extended-System (Motek Medical, Amsterdam, NL). Average and standard deviations for trunk linear and angular velocity were calculated along with their instantaneous values (during foot strikes) in all three axes. Averages and coefficient of variations for step length, time, and width; margin of stability; and harmonic ratios were also calculated. Results: Compared with normal arm swing, absent arm swing reduced the least affected leg's average step length and increased its step length coefficient of variation while increasing step time coefficient of variation in the most affected leg. Further, absent arm swing reduced trunk anteroposterior instantaneous angular velocity (least affected leg) and reduced anteroposterior instantaneous linear velocity (bilaterally). For the vertical axis, absent arm swing increased the trunk's average angular velocity but reduced its instantaneous linear velocity and angular velocity standard deviation (least affected leg). Additionally, the margin of stability increased when the arms were absent (least affected leg). Alternatively, dual tasking reduced average step time (most affected leg) and increased the step width coefficient of variation (bilaterally). Additionally, dual tasking increased the mediolateral average angular velocity, instantaneous linear velocity standard deviation (bilaterally), and instantaneous angular velocity standard deviation (least affected leg). For the vertical axis, dual tasking increased average linear and angular velocity standard deviation as well as instantaneous angular velocity standard deviation (bilaterally). Conclusion: Findings suggest that participants attempted to control extraneous trunk movement (due to absent arm swing) through compensatory responses in both lower and upper extremities. However, participants appeared to predominately compensate on their least affected side. Contrastingly, modifying mediolateral foot placement appeared to be the main means of maintaining walking stability while dual tasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Siragy
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Nantel
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Schlenstedt C, Gavriliuc O, Boße K, Wolke R, Granert O, Deuschl G, Margraf NG. The Effect of Medication and Deep Brain Stimulation on Posture in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1254. [PMID: 31849818 PMCID: PMC6901659 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Postural abnormalities are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and increasing with disease progression. While many studies focus on balance and gait, postural alignment is only infrequently studied. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the immediate and long-term effects of medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus on postural alignment in PD. Materials and Methods: PD patients (n = 192) in an advanced stage of disease were videotaped during a standardized l-dopa trial before and after DBS. The patients were tested with and without medication pre-surgical and retested post-surgical (6–24 months) in all treatment combinations of medication and DBS regarding the on and off conditions. The forward bending as total camptocormia (TCC) and upper camptocormia (UCC) angles and lateral bending as Pisa angle were assessed with the free downloadable NeuroPostureApp (http://www.neuroimaging.uni-kiel.de/NeuroPostureApp/). Three subgroups were defined according to normative values of healthy controls and according to clinical criteria: patients with normal posture, with stooped posture, and with postural disorders. Results: A stooped posture was found in 82% of the patients with regard to the TCC angle and in 54% for the UCC angle. Sixty-two percent had an abnormal Pisa angle. Camptocormia was diagnosed in ~7% and a Pisa syndrome in 1% of the patients. Medication and DBS both significantly improved postural alignment in the entire cohort. Female and male patients benefit similarly by medication and stimulation. Subgroup analyses revealed that the effects were also significant for patients with stooped posture, and the effects were strongest for patients with camptocormia: they led to angles below the diagnostical criterion for camptocormia for 13 of 14 patients with TCC and 11 of 26 patients with UCC. DBS had an additional effect to medication over time for the Pisa angle. Conclusion: Medication and DBS both improved postural alignment in PD patients, but effects were small for the entire cohort. Patients with camptocormia according to the TCC angle benefit strongest. The large differences of the treatment effects may indicate distinct pathological mechanisms for stooped posture and postural disorders. The TCC angle was shown to be sensitive to change. The UCC angle was less sensitive but may be a useful assessment tool for a subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Gavriliuc
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu", Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Kathrin Boße
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robin Wolke
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Granert
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nils G Margraf
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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27
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Rahmati Z, Schouten AC, Behzadipour S, Taghizadeh G, Firoozbakhsh K. Disentangling stability and flexibility degrees in Parkinson's disease using a computational postural control model. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:104. [PMID: 31412926 PMCID: PMC6694532 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired postural control in Parkinson’s disease (PD) seriously compromises life quality. Although balance training improves mobility and postural stability, lack of quantitative studies on the neurophysiological mechanisms of balance training in PD impedes the development of patient-specific therapies. We evaluated the effects of a balance-training program using functional balance and mobility tests, posturography, and a postural control model. Methods Center-of-pressure (COP) data of 40 PD patients before and after a 12-session balance-training program, and 20 healthy control subjects were recorded in four conditions with two tasks on a rigid surface (R-tasks) and two on foam. A postural control model was fitted to describe the posturography data. The model comprises a neuromuscular controller, a time delay, and a gain scaling the internal disturbance torque. Results Patients’ axial rigidity before training resulted in slower COP velocity in R-tasks; which was reflected as lower internal torque gain. Furthermore, patients exhibited poor stability on foam, remarked by abnormal higher sway amplitude. Lower control parameters as well as higher time delay were responsible for patients’ abnormal high sway amplitude. Balance training improved all clinical scores on functional balance and mobility. Consistently, improved ‘flexibility’ appeared as enhanced sway velocity (increased internal torque gain). Balance training also helped patients to develop the ‘stability degree’ (increase control parameters), and to respond more quickly in unstable condition of stance on foam. Conclusions Projection of the common posturography measures on a postural control model provided a quantitative framework for unraveling the neurophysiological factors and different recovery mechanisms in impaired postural control in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12984-019-0574-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmati
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Djawad Movafaghian Research Center in Rehab Technologies, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alfred C Schouten
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Saeed Behzadipour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. .,Djawad Movafaghian Research Center in Rehab Technologies, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Mallach A, Weinert M, Arthur J, Gveric D, Tierney TS, Alavian KN. Post mortem examination of Parkinson's disease brains suggests decline in mitochondrial biomass, reversed by deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus. FASEB J 2019; 33:6957-6961. [PMID: 30862197 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the most commonly used surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). The disease-modifying aspects of DBS at a cellular level are not fully understood, and the key question of the effect of DBS on the degeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) remains to be answered. A major technical hurdle in determining any neuroprotective effect by DBS is its use in mid- to late-stage patients with PD when a majority of the DA neurons have been lost. In this work, we hypothesized that the long-term clinical benefits of DBS are, at least in part, due to a neuromodulatory effect on the SNpc neurons. These changes would affect cellular energetics and mitochondrial metabolism. We examined the number and volume of mitochondria as well as their vicinity to the DA presynaptic terminals postmortem caudate and putamen of 3 healthy individuals, 4 PD cases, and 3 DBS-treated patients. PD seems to have caused an increase in the mean distance between mitochondria and presynaptic terminals as well as a decrease in mean mitochondrial volume and numbers in DA projections. Although there was no difference in distance between mitochondria and presynaptic terminals of SNpc neurons in PD brains vs. DBS-treated brains, DBS treatment seemed to have inhibited or reversed the reduction in mitochondrial volume and numbers caused by PD. These results suggest enhanced metabolic plasticity leading to neuroprotection in the SNpc as a result of STN-DBS.-Mallach, A., Weinert, M., Arthur, J., Gveric, D., Tierney, T. S., Alavian, K. N. Post mortem examination of Parkinson's disease brains suggests decline in mitochondrial biomass, reversed by deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mallach
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Weinert
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Arthur
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djordje Gveric
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Travis S Tierney
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Kambiz N Alavian
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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29
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Olson M, Lockhart TE, Lieberman A. Motor Learning Deficits in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Their Effect on Training Response in Gait and Balance: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:62. [PMID: 30792688 PMCID: PMC6374315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder traditionally associated with degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra, which results in bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability and gait disability (PIGD). The disorder has also been implicated in degradation of motor learning. While individuals with PD are able to learn, certain aspects of learning, especially automatic responses to feedback, are faulty, resulting in a reliance on feedforward systems of movement learning and control. Because of this, patients with PD may require more training to achieve and retain motor learning and may require additional sensory information or motor guidance in order to facilitate this learning. Furthermore, they may be unable to maintain these gains in environments and situations in which conscious effort is divided (such as dual-tasking). These shortcomings in motor learning could play a large part in degenerative gait and balance symptoms often seen in the disease, as patients are unable to adapt to gradual sensory and motor degradation. Research has shown that physical and exercise therapy can help patients with PD to adapt new feedforward strategies to partially counteract these symptoms. In particular, balance, treadmill, resistance, and repeated perturbation training therapies have been shown to improve motor patterns in PD. However, much research is still needed to determine which of these therapies best alleviates which symptoms of PIGD, the needed dose and intensity of these therapies, and long-term retention effects. The benefits of such technologies as augmented feedback, motorized perturbations, virtual reality, and weight-bearing assistance are also of interest. This narrative review will evaluate the effect of PD on motor learning and the effect of motor learning deficits on response to physical therapy and training programs, focusing specifically on features related to PIGD. Potential methods to strengthen therapeutic effects will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markey Olson
- Locomotion Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Muhammad Ali Movement Disorders Clinic, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Thurmon E. Lockhart
- Locomotion Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Abraham Lieberman
- Muhammad Ali Movement Disorders Clinic, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Baufreton J, Milekovic T, Li Q, McGuire S, Moraud EM, Porras G, Sun S, Ko WKD, Chazalon M, Morin S, Normand E, Farjot G, Milet A, Pype J, Pioli E, Courtine G, Bessière B, Bezard E. Inhaling xenon ameliorates l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in experimental parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1632-1642. [PMID: 29756234 PMCID: PMC6221147 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease motor symptoms are treated with levodopa, but long-term treatment leads to disabling dyskinesia. Altered synaptic transmission and maladaptive plasticity of corticostriatal glutamatergic projections play a critical role in the pathophysiology of dyskinesia. Because the noble gas xenon inhibits excitatory glutamatergic signaling, primarily through allosteric antagonism of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, we aimed to test its putative antidyskinetic capabilities. We first studied the direct effect of xenon gas exposure on corticostriatal plasticity in a murine model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia We then studied the impact of xenon inhalation on behavioral dyskinetic manifestations in the gold-standard rat and primate models of PD and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Last, we studied the effect of xenon inhalation on axial gait and posture deficits in a primate model of PD with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. This study shows that xenon gas exposure (1) normalized synaptic transmission and reversed maladaptive plasticity of corticostriatal glutamatergic projections associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia, (2) ameliorated dyskinesia in rat and nonhuman primate models of PD and dyskinesia, and (3) improved gait performance in a nonhuman primate model of PD. These results pave the way for clinical testing of this unconventional but safe approach. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Baufreton
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tomislav Milekovic
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qin Li
- Motac Neuroscience, UK-M15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steve McGuire
- Motac Neuroscience, UK-M15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Martin Moraud
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Porras
- Motac Neuroscience, UK-M15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Motac Neuroscience, UK-M15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Chazalon
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Morin
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabeth Normand
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaires des Neurosciences, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Institut Interdisciplinaires des Neurosciences, Bordeaux, France
| | - Géraldine Farjot
- Air Liquide Healthcare, Paris-Saclay research center, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aude Milet
- Air Liquide Healthcare, Paris-Saclay research center, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jan Pype
- Air Liquide Healthcare, Paris-Saclay research center, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elsa Pioli
- Motac Neuroscience, UK-M15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Bessière
- Air Liquide Healthcare, Paris-Saclay research center, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.,Motac Neuroscience, UK-M15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Debû B, De Oliveira Godeiro C, Lino JC, Moro E. Managing Gait, Balance, and Posture in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29623455 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postural instability and gait difficulties inexorably worsen with Parkinson's disease (PD) progression and become treatment resistant, with a severe impact on autonomy and quality of life. We review the main characteristics of balance instability, gait disabilities, and static postural alterations in advanced PD, and the available treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS It remains very difficult to satisfactorily alleviate gait and postural disturbances in advanced PD. Medical and surgical interventions often fail to provide satisfactory or durable alleviation of these axial symptoms, that may actually call for differential treatments. Exercise and adapted physical activity programs can contribute to improving the patients' condition. Gait, balance, and postural disabilities are often lumped together under the Postural Instability and Gait Difficulties umbrella term. This may lead to sub-optimal patients' management as data suggest that postural, balance, and gait problems might depend on distinct underlying mechanisms. We advocate for a multidisciplinary approach from the day of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Debû
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
- INSERM U1216, Grenoble, France.
| | - Clecio De Oliveira Godeiro
- INSERM U1216, Grenoble, France
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Division of Neurology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Correa Lino
- INSERM U1216, Grenoble, France
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Division of Neurology, CHU Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Elena Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1216, Grenoble, France
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Jehu DA, Cantù H, Hill A, Paquette C, Côté JN, Nantel J. Medication and trial duration influence postural and pointing parameters during a standing repetitive pointing task in individuals with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195322. [PMID: 29621320 PMCID: PMC5886485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of levodopa medication on the performance of a repetitive pointing task while standing, and to investigate the optimal trial duration in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, and older adults. Seventeen individuals with Parkinson’s disease (5 freezers) and 9 older adults stood on force platforms for 30 s and 120 s while performing a bilateral repetitive pointing task, tracked by motion capture. Participants with Parkinson’s disease were assessed on and off medication and older adults were also assessed on separate days. The main findings were that: 1) on medication, participants with Parkinson’s exhibited greater center of pressure root mean square in the medial-lateral direction, greater velocity in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions, and greater range in the medial-lateral direction than off medication; 2) longer trial durations resulted in greater center of pressure range in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions and greater coefficient of variation in finger pointing on the least affected side; 3) Parkinson’s participants exhibited larger range in the medial-lateral direction compared to older adults; 4) off medication, freezers presented with less range and root mean square in the anterior-posterior direction than non-freezers; and 5) a correlation emerged between the freezing of gait questionnaire and pointing asymmetry and the coefficient of variation of pointing on the most affected side. Therefore, Parkinson’s medication may increase instability during a repetitive pointing task. Longer trials may provide a better depiction of sway by discriminating between those with and without neurological impairment. Individuals with Parkinson’s were less stable than older adults, supporting that they are at a greater risk for falls. The greater restrictive postural strategy in freezers compared to non-freezers is likely a factor that augments fall-risk. Lastly, the link between freezing of gait and upper-limb movement indicates that freezing may manifest first in the lower-limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Jehu
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiram Cantù
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Allen Hill
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Paquette
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie N. Côté
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Nantel
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gougeon MA, Zhou L, Nantel J. Nordic Walking improves trunk stability and gait spatial-temporal characteristics in people with Parkinson disease. NeuroRehabilitation 2018; 41:205-210. [PMID: 28527231 DOI: 10.3233/nre-171472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the effect of walking with Nordic Walking (NW) poles on postural stability and gait spatial-temporal characteristics in individuals with PD and to determine the cognitive load associated operating the poles. METHODS Twelve individuals with PD (age: 61.6±11.7) were asked to perform four 90 s walking trials; with/without poles and with/without verbal fluency task (category fluency) after a 6-week independent NW training. We assessed gait spatial-temporal characteristics, and trunk postural stability using the APDM accelerometry system. RESULTS Trunk frontal range of motion and peak velocity were smaller in NW compared to normal walking with and without the cognitive task (p < 0.01). Cadence, gait speed and stride length decreased in both pole conditions when performed with the cognitive task (p < 0.05). However stride length was longer with poles compared to without poles. CONCLUSIONS The reduced range of motion and velocity of the trunk in the frontal plane of motion suggest that NW can improve postural stability independently of the addition of a cognitive task. Compared to normal walking, spatial-temporal characteristics did not further decline when the cognitive task was combined to NW. This suggests that NW is a suitable practice for gait rehabilitation protocols in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Nantel
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Silva-Batista C, Corcos DM, Kanegusuku H, Piemonte MEP, Gobbi LTB, de Lima-Pardini AC, de Mello MT, Forjaz CLM, Ugrinowitsch C. Balance and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson's disease is improved after exercises with motor complexity. Gait Posture 2018; 61:90-97. [PMID: 29310015 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training with instability (RTI) uses exercises with high motor complexity that impose high postural control and cognitive demands that may be important for improving postural instability and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that: 1) RTI will be more effective than resistance training (RT) in improving balance (Balance Evaluation Systems Test [BESTest] and overall stability index [Biodex Balance System®]) and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I] score) of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD); and 2) changes in BESTest and FES-I after RTI will be associated with changes in cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score - previously published) induced by RTI. Thirty-nine subjects with moderate PD were randomly assigned to a nonexercising control, RT, and RTI groups. While RT and RTI groups performed progressive RT twice a week for 12 weeks, the RTI group added progressive unstable devices to increase motor complexity of the resistance exercises. There were significant group × time interactions for BESTest, overall stability index, and FES-I scores (P < 0.05). Only RTI improved BESTest, overall stability index and FES-I scores, and RTI was more effective than RT in improving biomechanical constraints and stability in gait (BESTest sections) at post-training (P < 0.05). There were strong correlations between relative changes in BESTest and MoCA (r = 0.72, P = 0.005), and FES-I and MoCA (r = -0.75, P = 0.003) after RTI. Due to the increased motor complexity in RTI, RTI is recommended for improving balance and fear of falling, which are associated with improvement in cognitive function of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel M Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hélcio Kanegusuku
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrea C de Lima-Pardini
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM-44, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Department of Psychobiology, Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies University Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia L M Forjaz
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Duncan RP, Van Dillen LR, Garbutt JM, Earhart GM, Perlmutter JS. Physical therapy and deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:54. [PMID: 29484198 PMCID: PMC5822622 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) reduces tremor, muscle stiffness, and bradykinesia in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Walking speed, known to be reduced in PD, typically improves after surgery; however, other important aspects of gait may not improve. Furthermore, balance may worsen and falls may increase after STN-DBS. Thus, interventions to improve balance and gait could reduce morbidity and improve quality of life following STN-DBS. Physical therapy (PT) effectively improves balance and gait in people with PD, but studies on the effects of PT have not been extended to those treated with STN-DBS. As such, the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of PT in this population remain to be determined. The purpose of this pilot study is to address these unmet needs. We hypothesize that PT designed to target balance and gait impairment will be effective, safe, and feasible in this population. Methods/design Participants with PD treated with STN-DBS will be randomly assigned to either a PT or control group. Participants assigned to PT will complete an 8-week, twice-weekly PT program consisting of exercises designed to improve balance and gait. Control group participants will receive the current standard of care following STN-DBS, which does not include prescription of PT. The primary aim is to assess preliminary efficacy of PT on balance (Balance Evaluation Systems Test). A secondary aim is to assess efficacy of PT on gait (GAITRite instrumented walkway). Participants will be assessed OFF medication/OFF stimulation and ON medication/ON stimulation at baseline and at 8 and 12 weeks after baseline. Adverse events will be measured over the duration of the study, and adherence to PT will be measured to determine feasibility. Discussion To our knowledge, this will be the first study to explore the preliminary efficacy, safety, and feasibility of PT for individuals with PD with STN-DBS. If the study suggests potential efficacy, then this would justify larger trials to test effectiveness and safety of PT for those with PD with STN-DBS. Trial registration NCT03181282 (clinicaltrials.gov). Registered on 7 June 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-018-0243-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Duncan
- 1Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.,2Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Linda R Van Dillen
- 1Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.,3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jane M Garbutt
- 4Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,5Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Gammon M Earhart
- 1Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.,2Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,6Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- 1Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.,2Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,6Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,7Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,8Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
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Abstract
We investigated the impact of Nordic walking (NW) on gait patterns in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) following a 6-week NW familiarization. Twelve participants with PD and 12 healthy older adults took part in a gait analysis walking with and without poles (NP). Results showed larger knee power (knee extensor: K2) on the most affected leg in NW compared to NP (P = .01). On the less affected side, larger power absorption (knee extensor: K3) was found during preswing (K3) compared to older adults in both NP and NW (P = 0.01). NW showed longer stride length and single support time (P < .01) compared to NP. Walking with poles improved gait spatial-temporal characteristics and power profiles at the knee joint both on the less and most affected sides in individuals with PD. NW could be beneficial to help regain a more functional gait pattern in PD.
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Bonnet CT, Delval A, Szaffarczyk S, Defebvre L. Levodopa has primarily negative influences on postural control in patients with Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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An interactive videogame for arm and hand exercise in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 41:66-72. [PMID: 28528804 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulty performing upper extremity (UE) activities. The aim of this study was to investigate if exergames targeting the UE improve arm and hand activities and impairments and to establish the acceptability and feasibility of these games in people with PD. METHODS Two tablet-based exergames were developed which were controlled with finger movements or unimanual whole arm movements. Participants with PD were randomized to an exergame (n = 19) or control (n = 19) group. The exergame group performed UE exergames at home, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the nine hole peg test. Secondary outcomes included measures of UE activities and impairments, including the tapping test [speed (taps/60s), and error (weighted error score/speed)]. RESULTS There were no between group differences in the nine hole peg test, or in any secondary outcome measures except for the tapping test. Horizontal tapping test results showed that exergame participants improved their speed (mean difference = 10.9 taps/60s, p < 0.001) but increased error (mean difference = 0.03, p = 0.03) compared to the control group. Participants enjoyed the games and improved in their ability to play the games. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSION The UE exergames were acceptable and safe, but did not translate to improvement in functional activities. It is likely that the requirement of the games resulted in increased movement speed at the detriment of accuracy. The design of exergames should consider task specificity.
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De la Casa-Fages B, Alonso-Frech F, Grandas F. Effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on balance in Parkinson's disease: A static posturographic analysis. Gait Posture 2017; 52:374-380. [PMID: 28061431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on balance in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on balance in Parkinson's disease using posturography. METHODS 16 patients (9 women) who underwent subthalamic deep brain stimulation [mean age 59.6 years (46-70); mean disease duration 15.6 years (7-25); mean duration of subthalamic stimulation 32.1 months (3.0-69.6)] and 13 healthy age-matched controls were evaluated using a static posturography analysis. Patients were assessed under four conditions: 1) off medication/off stimulation; 2) off medication/on stimulation; 3) on medication/off stimulation and 4) on medication/on stimulation in ten experimental paradigms, some reproducing common situations of daily living. The displacement of the centre of pressure was analyzed using 14 posturographic parameters. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare patients with controls. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare patients under different clinical conditions. RESULTS Patients off medication/off stimulation showed larger and more rapid displacements of the centre of pressure than controls in most paradigms (p<0.05), particularly when performing a dual task. Subthalamic stimulation alone reduced the lateral excursion and anterior-posterior velocity of the centre of pressure in quite stance paradigms (p<0.05). Subthalamic stimulation combined with antiparkinsonian medication did not induce statistically significant changes in posturagraphic measures in any experimental paradigm. CONCLUSIONS Although subthalamic stimulation alone may induce some positive effect on balance, subthalamic stimulation in addition to antiparkinsonian medication, which is the usual treatment in clinical practice, did not modify balance as assessed by static posturography in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz De la Casa-Fages
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo n°46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Alonso-Frech
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Calle del Prof Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Grandas
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo n°46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
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Effort to reduce postural sway affects both cognitive and motor performances in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 47:135-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
People with Parkinson's disease exhibit debilitating gait impairments, including gait slowness, increased step variability, and poor postural control. A widespread supraspinal locomotor network including the cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brain stem contributes to the control of human locomotion, and altered activity of these structures underlies gait dysfunction due to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Peterson
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (VAPORHCS), Portland, Oregon; and Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Neurology, Portland, Oregon
| | - F B Horak
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (VAPORHCS), Portland, Oregon; and Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Neurology, Portland, Oregon
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Effects of deep brain stimulation on balance and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic neurophysiological review. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:371-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Resistance versus Balance Training to Improve Postural Control in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Rater Blinded Controlled Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140584. [PMID: 26501562 PMCID: PMC4621054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced muscle strength is an independent risk factor for falls and related to postural instability in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. The ability of resistance training to improve postural control still remains unclear. Objective To compare resistance training with balance training to improve postural control in people with Parkinson’s disease. Methods 40 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn&Yahr: 2.5–3.0) were randomly assigned into resistance or balance training (2x/week for 7 weeks). Assessments were performed at baseline, 8- and 12-weeks follow-up: primary outcome: Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale; secondary outcomes: center of mass analysis during surface perturbations, Timed-up-and-go-test, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, gait analysis, maximal isometric leg strength, PDQ-39, Beck Depression Inventory. Clinical tests were videotaped and analysed by a second rater, blind to group allocation and assessment time. Results 32 participants (resistance training: n = 17, balance training: n = 15; 8 drop-outs) were analyzed at 8-weeks follow-up. No significant difference was found in the FAB scale when comparing the effects of the two training types (p = 0.14; effect size (Cohen’s d) = -0.59). Participants from the resistance training group, but not from the balance training group significantly improved on the FAB scale (resistance training: +2.4 points, Cohen’s d = -0.46; balance training: +0.3 points, Cohen’s d = -0.08). Within the resistance training group, improvements of the FAB scale were significantly correlated with improvements of rate of force development and stride time variability. No significant differences were found in the secondary outcome measures when comparing the training effects of both training types. Conclusions The difference between resistance and balance training to improve postural control in people with Parkinson’s disease was small and not significant with this sample size. There was weak evidence that freely coordinated resistance training might be more effective than balance training. Our results indicate a relationship between the enhancement of rate of force development and the improvement of postural control. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02253563
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Older adults prioritize postural stability in the anterior-posterior direction to regain balance following volitional lateral step. Gait Posture 2015; 41:666-9. [PMID: 25670653 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural control in the medial-lateral (ML) direction is of particular interest regarding the assessment of changes in postural control, as it is highly related to the risk of falling. OBJECTIVE To determine the postural strategies used to regain balance following a voluntary lateral step and compare these strategies between young and older adults. METHODS Sixteen older adults (60-90 years) and 14 young adults (20-40 years) were asked to stand quietly for 30s, walk in place and then take a lateral step and stand quietly (30s). Balance Post was divided into 10s intervals. Center of pressure displacement (CoP) and velocity (VCoP) in the anterio-posterior (AP) and ML directions were analyzed. RESULTS In both groups, CoP and VCoP in AP and ML increased in Post1 compared to Pre (P<0.001). Dissimilar to young adults, VCoP-Post2, Post3 ML were larger than Pre (P=0.01) in older adults. Age correlated with all VCoP (Pre and Post) in both ML (P<0.05) and AP directions (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Dissimilar to young adults, older adults use different postural strategies in ML and AP directions and prioritized postural stability in the AP direction to recover balance after completing a lateral step. In the ML direction, older adults took up to 30s to regain balance. Considering that age was related to larger CoP displacement and velocity, the AP strategy to recover postural balance following a lateral step could become less efficient as older adults age and therefore increasing the risk of falls.
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Panyakaew P, Anan C, Bhidayasiri R. Visual deprivation elicits subclinical postural inflexibilities in early Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2015; 349:214-9. [PMID: 25656100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural instability is often experienced in the late stages of PD and is a marker of disease progression. Little information is available on the role of visual inputs as an adaptive strategy to compensate for postural instability in PD. The purpose of this study was to determine visual dependency for postural control in early PD. METHODS Thirty early PD subjects without postural complaints and 30 matched controls were evaluated for subtle postural instability using static posturography under eyes opened and eyes closed conditions. RESULTS No significant differences between groups were observed under eyes opened condition. In eyes closed condition, there was significantly greater mean sway in the mediolateral direction (p=0.01), mean sway velocity (p=0.03), lateral sway velocity (p=0.04), and sway area (p=0.04) in PD than in the control subjects. 95% confidence ellipse of mean sway was largest in PD patients with eyes closed. A strong and significant correlation was observed between disease duration and mean mediolateral sway, sway area, mean sway and lateral sway velocity, and a moderate correlation was shown between Hoehn & Yahr stage and mean mediolateral sway, and sway area. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that visual dependency exists in early PD and visual deprivation task can help identify subclinical postural instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattamon Panyakaew
- Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanawat Anan
- Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
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Rocchi L, Palmerini L, Weiss A, Herman T, Hausdorff JM. Balance Testing With Inertial Sensors in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Assessment of Motor Subtypes. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2014; 22:1064-71. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2013.2292496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bonnet CT, Delval A, Defebvre L. Interest of active posturography to detect age-related and early Parkinson's disease-related impairments in mediolateral postural control. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:2638-46. [PMID: 25143549 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00412.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease display impairments of postural control most particularly in active, challenging conditions. The objective of the present study was to analyze early signs of disease-related and also age-related impairments in mediolateral body extension and postural control. Fifty-five participants (18 Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 patients in the off-drug condition, 18 healthy elderly control subjects, and 19 young adults) were included in the study. The participants performed a quiet stance task and two active tasks that analyzed the performance in mediolateral body motion: a limit of stability and a rhythmic weight shift task. As expected, the patients displayed significantly lower and slower body displacement (head, neck, lower back, center of pressure) than elderly control subjects when performing the two body excursion tasks. However, the behavioral variability in both tasks was similar between the groups. Under these active conditions, the patients showed significantly lower contribution of the hip postural control mechanisms compared with the elderly control subjects. Overall, the patients seemed to lower their performance in order to prevent a mediolateral postural instability. However, these patients, at an early stage of their disease, were not unstable in quiet stance. Complementarily, elderly control subjects displayed slower body performance than young adults, which therefore showed an additional age-related impairment in mediolateral postural control. Overall, the study illustrated markers of age-related and Parkinson's disease impairments in mediolateral postural control that may constrain everyday activities in elderly adults and even more in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrick T Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, CNRS, Université Lille, Lille, France;
| | - Arnaud Delval
- EA 1046, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Salengro, CHRU, Lille, France; and
| | - Luc Defebvre
- EA 1046, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Salengro, CHRU, Lille, France; and Service de Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, Hôpital Salengro, CHRU, Lille, France
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Canning CG, Paul SS, Nieuwboer A. Prevention of falls in Parkinson's disease: a review of fall risk factors and the role of physical interventions. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2014; 4:203-21. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are frequent and recurrent events with devastating and widespread consequences. Despite this, understanding of the predictive and explanatory value of fall risk factors, as well as the development and testing of interventions aimed at reducing falls, are in their infancy. This review focuses on fall prediction and risk factors that are potentially remediable with physical interventions. We show that falls can be predicted with high accuracy using a simple three-step clinical tool. Evidence from recently published randomized controlled trials supports the implementation of balance-challenging exercises in reducing falls. Larger scale trials utilizing technologically advanced monitoring methods will further elucidate those interventions most likely to be cost effective according to individual risk factor profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Canning
- Clinical & Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - Serene S Paul
- Clinical & Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, PO Box M201, Missenden Rd, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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The effect of medication and the role of postural instability in different components of freezing of gait (FOG). Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:447-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Schoneburg B, Mancini M, Horak F, Nutt JG. Framework for understanding balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1474-82. [PMID: 23925954 PMCID: PMC4001822 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from progressive impairment in their mobility. Locomotor and balance dysfunction that impairs mobility in PD is an important cause of physical and psychosocial disability. The recognition and evaluation of balance dysfunction by the clinician are an essential component of managing PD. In this review, we describe a framework for understanding balance dysfunction in PD to help clinicians recognize patients who are at risk for falling and impaired mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fay Horak
- Dept. of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - John G. Nutt
- Dept. of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
- Portland VA Medical Center
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