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El Otmani H, Daghi M, Tahiri Jouti N, Lesage S. An overview of the worldwide distribution of LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:335-350. [PMID: 38305913 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with significant genetic influence. The LRRK2 gene is a major genetic contributor, particularly the Gly2019Ser mutation. This focused review investigates the global distribution of LRRK2 mutations, with emphasis on Gly2019Ser and other pathogenic variants. Prevalence rates of Gly2019Ser are highest in North Africa and the Ashkenazi-Jewish population, indicating a potential common ancestor and founder effect. Other LRRK2 mutations, including Asn1437His, Arg1441Gly/Cys/His, Tyr1699Cys and Ile2020Thr, exhibit varying global prevalences. Understanding these distributions enhances our knowledge of PD genetics and aids personalized medicine. Further research is crucial to unravel clinical implications and develop targeted therapies for LRRK2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Otmani
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Molecular Pathology. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, 20250, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory, Degenerative & Oncologic Pathophysiology. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, 20250, Morocco
- Department of Neurology. Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, 20360, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Daghi
- Research Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosensory Disorders & Disability. Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, 20250, Morocco
| | - Nadia Tahiri Jouti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory, Degenerative & Oncologic Pathophysiology. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, 20250, Morocco
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75013, France
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2
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Liang D, Liu H, Jin R, Feng R, Wang J, Qin C, Zhang R, Chen Y, Zhang J, Teng J, Tang B, Ding X, Wang X. Escherichia coli triggers α-synuclein pathology in the LRRK2 transgenic mouse model of PD. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2276296. [PMID: 38010914 PMCID: PMC10730176 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2276296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is a major-effect risk gene for sporadic PD (sPD). However, what environmental factors may trigger the formation of α-syn pathology in carriers of LRRK2 risk variants are still unknown. Here, we report that a markedly increased abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the intestinal microbiota was detected in LRRK2 risk variant(R1628P or G2385R) carriers with sPD compared with carriers without sPD. Animal experiments showed that E. coli administration triggered pathological α-syn accumulation in the colon and spread to the brain via the gut-brain axis in Lrrk2 R1628P mice, due to the co-occurrence of Lrrk2 variant-induced inhibition of α-syn autophagic degradation and increased phosphorylation of α-syn caused by curli in E. coli-derived extracellular vesicles. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) effectively ameliorated motor deficits and α-syn pathology in Lrrk2 R1628P mice. Our findings elaborate on the mechanism that E. coli triggers α-syn pathology in Lrrk2 R1628P mice, and highlight a novel gene-environment interaction pattern in LRRK2 risk variants. Even more importantly, the findings reveal the interplay between the specific risk gene and the matched environmental factors triggers the initiation of α-syn pathology in sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruoqi Jin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Renyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Lai H, Li XY, Xu F, Zhu J, Li X, Song Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang C. Applications of Machine Learning to Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1546. [PMID: 38002506 PMCID: PMC10670005 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging due to its diverse manifestations. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can improve diagnostic precision, but their generalizability across medical centers in China is underexplored. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of an ML algorithm for PD diagnosis, trained and tested on data from different medical centers in China. METHODS A total of 1656 participants were included, with 1028 from Beijing (training set) and 628 from Fuzhou (external validation set). Models were trained using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-logistic regression (LASSO-LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGboost), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) techniques. Hyperparameters were optimized using five-fold cross-validation and grid search techniques. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy, sensitivity (recall), specificity, precision, and F1 score. Variable importance was assessed for all models. RESULTS SVM demonstrated the best differentiation between healthy controls (HCs) and PD patients (AUC: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.908-0.947; accuracy: 0.844, 95% CI: 0.814-0.871; sensitivity: 0.826, 95% CI: 0.786-0.866; specificity: 0.861, 95% CI: 0.820-0.898; precision: 0.849, 95% CI: 0.807-0.891; F1 score: 0.837, 95% CI: 0.803-0.868) in the validation set. Constipation, olfactory decline, and daytime somnolence significantly influenced predictability. CONCLUSION We identified multiple pivotal variables and SVM as a precise and clinician-friendly ML algorithm for prediction of PD in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junge Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xianlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhanjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
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Mata I, Salles P, Cornejo-Olivas M, Saffie P, Ross OA, Reed X, Bandres-Ciga S. LRRK2: Genetic mechanisms vs genetic subtypes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:133-154. [PMID: 36803807 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2004, the identification of pathogenic variants in the LRRK2 gene across several families with autosomal dominant late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) revolutionized our understanding of the role of genetics in PD. Previous beliefs that genetics in PD was limited to rare early-onset or familial forms of the disease were quickly dispelled. Currently, we recognize LRRK2 p.G2019S as the most common genetic cause of both sporadic and familial PD, with more than 100,000 affected carriers across the globe. The frequency of LRRK2 p.G2019S is also highly variable across populations, with some regions of Asian or Latin America reporting close to 0%, contrasting to Ashkenazi Jews or North African Berbers reporting up to 13% and 40%, respectively. Patients with LRRK2 pathogenic variants are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous, highlighting the age-related variable penetrance that also characterizes LRRK2-related disease. Indeed, the majority of patients with LRRK2-related disease are characterized by a relatively mild Parkinsonism with less motor symptoms with variable presence of α-synuclein and/or tau aggregates, with pathologic pleomorphism widely described. At a functional cellular level, it is likely that pathogenic variants mediate a toxic gain-of-function of the LRRK2 protein resulting in increased kinase activity perhaps in a cell-specific manner; by contrast, some LRRK2 variants appear to be protective reducing PD risk by decreasing the kinase activity. Therefore, employing this information to define appropriate patient populations for clinical trials of targeted kinase LRRK2 inhibition strategies is very promising and demonstrates a potential future application for PD using precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Mata
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Philippe Salles
- Corporación Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Lo Espejo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Paula Saffie
- Corporación Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Lo Espejo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xylena Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Saunders-Pullman R, Ortega RA, Wang C, Raymond D, Elango S, Leaver K, Urval N, Katsnelson V, Gerber R, Swan M, Shanker V, Alcalay RN, Mirelman A, Brumm MC, Mejia-Santana H, Coffey CS, Marek K, Ozelius LJ, Giladi N, Marder KS, Bressman SB. Association of Olfactory Performance With Motor Decline and Age at Onset in People With Parkinson Disease and the LRRK2 G2019S Variant. Neurology 2022; 99:e814-e823. [PMID: 35995594 PMCID: PMC9484727 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson disease (PD), including loss of smell. Olfactory scores have defined subgroups of LRRK2 PD at baseline. We now extend this work longitudinally to better determine features associated with olfactory classes and to gain further insight into this heterogeneity. METHODS Evaluation of 162 patients with LRRK2 PD and 198 patients with idiopathic PD (IPD) from the LRRK2 Ashkenazi Jewish Consortium was performed, with follow-up available for 92 patients with LRRK2 PD and 74 patients with IPD. Olfaction (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT]), motor function (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale), and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), as well as sleep, nonmotor, and mood, were measured. Gaussian mixture models were applied on the UPSIT percentile score to determine subgroups based on olfactory performance. Linear mixed effects models, using PD duration as the time scale, assessed the relationship between UPSIT subgroup membership and motor/cognitive change. RESULTS Baseline olfaction was better in LRRK2 PD compared with IPD (mean UPSIT ± SD: 24.2 ± 8.8 vs 18.9 ± 7.6), with higher mean percentile scores (difference: 15.3 ± 11.6) (p < 0.001) and less frequent hyposmia (55.6% vs 85.4%; p < 0.001). Analysis suggested 3 classes among LRRK2 PD. Age at onset in LRRK2 PD was earlier in the worst olfaction group (group 1), compared with groups 2 and 3 (54.5 ± 11.1 vs 61.7 ± 9.3) (p = 0.012), and separately in the hyposmic group overall (55.0 ± 11.3 vs 61.7 ± 9.1) (p < 0.001). Longitudinal motor deterioration in LRRK2 PD was also significantly faster in the worst UPSIT group than the best UPSIT group (group 3 vs group 1: B = 0.31, SE = 0.35 vs B = 0.96, SE = 0.28) (rate difference = -0.65, SE = 0.29) (p = 0.03). However, olfactory group membership was not significantly associated with cognitive decline. DISCUSSION In this large LRRK2 cohort with longitudinal analysis, we extend prior work demonstrating subgroups defined by olfaction in LRRK2 G2019S PD and show that the worst olfaction group has earlier age at PD onset and more rapid motor decline. This supports a subgroup of LRRK2 PD that might show more rapid change in a clinical trial of LRRK2-related agents and highlights the need to integrate careful phenotyping into allocation schema in clinical trials of LRRK2-related agents. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that worse olfactory scores were associated with an earlier age at symptomatic onset and a faster rate of motor deterioration in patients with LRRK2 PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
| | - Roberto Angel Ortega
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Cuiling Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Deborah Raymond
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sonya Elango
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Katherine Leaver
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nikita Urval
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Viktoriya Katsnelson
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rachel Gerber
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Matthew Swan
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Vicki Shanker
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Anat Mirelman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Michael C Brumm
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Helen Mejia-Santana
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Christopher S Coffey
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Kenneth Marek
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nir Giladi
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Karen S Marder
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Susan B Bressman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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6
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Wang P, Pan J, Luo Q, Chen J, Tang H, Chen S, Ma J. A 10-Year Community-Based Study of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 G2385R Carriers' Conversion to Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1767-1772. [PMID: 35733392 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G2385R variant of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is mainly associated with Parkinson's disease(PD) in Asian populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the PD conversion rate and clinical characteristics of LRRK2 G2385R nonmanifesting carriers. METHODS All participants were from the community-based longitudinal cohort of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The G2385R carriers and noncarriers were screened by Sanger sequencing and received face-to-face interviews at baseline and follow-up assessments. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the conversion rate of PD. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of G2385R variant for PD. RESULTS In the combined cohort, 26 (7.9%) people developed PD in 329 carriers versus 9 (2.6%) in 345 noncarriers (P = 0.0016). Cox regression model confirmed that the G2385R variant was a strong risk factor for PD in a Chinese population older than 50 years (hazard ratio, 3.314; 95% confidence interval, 1.551-7.078; P = 0.002). No difference was found in clinical symptoms between carriers and noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed an increased conversion of PD in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2385R carriers during a 10-year follow-up. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Ma
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Wang P, Cui P, Luo Q, Chen J, Tang H, Zhang L, Chen S, Ma J. Penetrance of Parkinson disease LRRK2 G2385R-associated variant in the Chinese population. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2639-2644. [PMID: 35608967 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Penetrance estimates of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) variants for Parkinson disease (PD) vary widely. G2385R is one of the most common LRRK2 variants in Asian populations, and its penetrance is currently unknown. We aimed to estimate the penetrance of G2385R in the Chinese population. METHODS The G2385R variant was tested by Sanger sequencing in 6386 participants older than 50 years, all from the community cohort established by Shanghai Ruijin Hospital in 2009-2011. G2385R carriers and matched noncarriers underwent a brief questionnaire survey (including sex, current age, PD diagnosis, and age at onset) and face-to-face PD assessment during 2020-2021. The penetrance of PD was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS A total of 396 G2385R carriers and 415 noncarriers were included, after excluding those with a baseline diagnosis of PD or unwilling to participate. In G2385R carriers, the penetrance of PD was 1.64% at 70 years, 10.26% at 80 years, and 18.49% at 90 years, and reached 25.90% at 95 years. The penetrance of PD in G2385R carriers was higher than in noncarriers (p = 0.0071). In noncarriers, only 0%, 3.72%, and 9.66% developed parkinsonism by 70, 80, and 90 years of age. Among carriers and noncarriers, there were no statistically significant differences in penetrance comparisons between males and females, or between urban and rural. CONCLUSIONS The lifetime penetrance of LRRK2 G2385R in the Chinese population was 25.9%. The penetrance modifier of G2385R in our study was age-related. Further investigation of genetic and environmental modifiers affecting G2385R penetrance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijing Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Ma
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Fernández-Santiago R, Sharma M. What have we learned from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101648. [PMID: 35595184 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
After fifteen years of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), what have we learned? Addressing this question will help catalogue the progress made towards elucidating disease mechanisms, improving the clinical utility of the identified loci, and envisioning how we can harness the strides to develop translational GWAS strategies. Here we review the advances of PD GWAS made to date while critically addressing the challenges and opportunities for next-generation GWAS. Thus, deciphering the missing heritability in underrepresented populations is currently at the reach of hand for a truly comprehensive understanding of the genetics of PD across the different ethnicities. Moreover, state-of-the-art GWAS designs hold a true potential for enhancing the clinical applicability of genetic findings, for instance, by improving disease prediction (PD risk and progression). Lastly, advanced PD GWAS findings, alone or in combination with clinical and environmental parameters, are expected to have the capacity for defining patient enriched cohorts stratified by genetic risk profiles and readily available for neuroprotective clinical trials. Overall, envisioning future strategies for advanced GWAS is currently timely and can be instrumental in providing novel genetic readouts essential for a true clinical translatability of PD genetic findings.
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9
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Simpson C, Vinikoor-Imler L, Nassan FL, Shirvan J, Lally C, Dam T, Maserejian N. Prevalence of ten LRRK2 variants in Parkinson's disease: A comprehensive review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 98:103-113. [PMID: 35654702 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), but their prevalence varies geographically, reflecting the locations of founder events and dispersion of founders' descendants. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify studies providing prevalence estimates for any of ten variants in LRRK2 (G2019S, R1441C, R1441G, R1441H, I2020T, N1437H, Y1699C, S1761R, G2385R, R1628P) among individuals with PD globally. We calculated crude country-specific variant prevalence estimates and, when possible, adjusted estimates for ethno-racial composition. For clinic-based studies, probands were used over other familial cases, whereas for population-based studies, all PD cases were used. RESULTS The analysis included 161 articles from 52 countries yielding 581 prevalence estimates across the ten variants. G2019S was the most common variant, exceeding 1.0% in 26 of 51 countries with estimates. The other variants were far less common. G2385R and R1628P were observed almost exclusively in East Asian countries, where they were found in ∼5-10% of cases. All prevalence estimates adjusted for ethno-racial composition were lower than their unadjusted counterparts, although data permitting this adjustment was only available for six countries. CONCLUSIONS Except for G2019S, the LRRK2 variants covered in this review were uncommon in most countries studied. However, there were countries with higher prevalence for some variants, reflecting the uneven geographic distribution of LRRK2 variants. The fact that ethno-racial group‒adjusted estimates were lower than crude estimates suggests that estimates derived largely from clinic-based studies may overstate the true prevalence of some LRRK2 variants in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cathy Lally
- Epidemiology Research and Methods LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Kumar S, Behl T, Sehgal A, Chigurupati S, Singh S, Mani V, Aldubayan M, Alhowail A, Kaur S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Abdel Daim MM. Exploring the focal role of LRRK2 kinase in Parkinson's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32368-32382. [PMID: 35147886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The major breakthroughs in our knowledge of how biology plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) have opened up fresh avenues designed to know the pathogenesis of disease and identify possible therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial abnormal functioning is a key cellular feature in the pathogenesis of PD. An enzyme, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), involved in both the idiopathic and familial PD risk, is a therapeutic target. LRRK2 has a link to the endolysosomal activity. Enhanced activity of the LRRK2 kinase, endolysosomal abnormalities and aggregation of autophagic vesicles with imperfectly depleted substrates, such as α-synuclein, are all seen in the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in PD. Despite the fact that LRRK2 is involved in endolysosomal and autophagic activity, it is undefined if inhibiting LRRK2 kinase activity will prevent endolysosomal dysfunction or minimise the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The inhibitor's capability of LRRK2 kinase to inhibit endolysosomal and neuropathological alterations in human PD indicates that LRRK2 inhibitors could have significant therapeutic usefulness in PD. G2019S is perhaps the maximum common mutation in PD subjects. Even though LRRK2's well-defined structure has still not been established, numerous LRRK2 inhibitors have been discovered. This review summarises the role of LRRK2 kinase in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedon, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedon, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistrty, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Science, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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11
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Lai D, Alipanahi B, Fontanillas P, Schwantes-An TH, Aasly J, Alcalay RN, Beecham GW, Berg D, Bressman S, Brice A, Brockman K, Clark L, Cookson M, Das S, Van Deerlin V, Follett J, Farrer MJ, Trinh J, Gasser T, Goldwurm S, Gustavsson E, Klein C, Lang AE, Langston JW, Latourelle J, Lynch T, Marder K, Marras C, Martin ER, McLean CY, Mejia-Santana H, Molho E, Myers RH, Nuytemans K, Ozelius L, Payami H, Raymond D, Rogaeva E, Rogers MP, Ross OA, Samii A, Saunders-Pullman R, Schüle B, Schulte C, Scott WK, Tanner C, Tolosa E, Tomkins JE, Vilas D, Trojanowski JQ, Uitti R, Vance JM, Visanji NP, Wszolek ZK, Zabetian CP, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Orr Urtreger A, Cannon P, Fiske B, Foroud T. Genomewide Association Studies of LRRK2 Modifiers of Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:76-88. [PMID: 33938021 PMCID: PMC8252519 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to search for genes/variants that modify the effect of LRRK2 mutations in terms of penetrance and age‐at‐onset of Parkinson's disease. Methods We performed the first genomewide association study of penetrance and age‐at‐onset of Parkinson's disease in LRRK2 mutation carriers (776 cases and 1,103 non‐cases at their last evaluation). Cox proportional hazard models and linear mixed models were used to identify modifiers of penetrance and age‐at‐onset of LRRK2 mutations, respectively. We also investigated whether a polygenic risk score derived from a published genomewide association study of Parkinson's disease was able to explain variability in penetrance and age‐at‐onset in LRRK2 mutation carriers. Results A variant located in the intronic region of CORO1C on chromosome 12 (rs77395454; p value = 2.5E‐08, beta = 1.27, SE = 0.23, risk allele: C) met genomewide significance for the penetrance model. Co‐immunoprecipitation analyses of LRRK2 and CORO1C supported an interaction between these 2 proteins. A region on chromosome 3, within a previously reported linkage peak for Parkinson's disease susceptibility, showed suggestive associations in both models (penetrance top variant: p value = 1.1E‐07; age‐at‐onset top variant: p value = 9.3E‐07). A polygenic risk score derived from publicly available Parkinson's disease summary statistics was a significant predictor of penetrance, but not of age‐at‐onset. Interpretation This study suggests that variants within or near CORO1C may modify the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations. In addition, common Parkinson's disease associated variants collectively increase the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:82–94
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, Inserm, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kathrin Brockman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lorraine Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mark Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jordan Follett
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, L5-101D, UF Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, L5-101D, UF Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Emil Gustavsson
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - J William Langston
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Timothy Lynch
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Marder
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Taub Institute and Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Cory Y McLean
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA.,Google LLC, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Eric Molho
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | | | - Karen Nuytemans
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Laurie Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Haydeh Payami
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael P Rogers
- Department of General Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Owen A Ross
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ali Samii
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Birgitt Schüle
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Caroline Tanner
- University of California, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Vilas
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA
| | - Ryan Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Orr Urtreger
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Brian Fiske
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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12
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Cui SS, Fu R, Du JJ, Lin YQ, Huang P, Gao C, Zhou HY, Chen SD. Sex effects on clinical features in LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:22. [PMID: 33771108 PMCID: PMC8004448 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences of genotypes between male and female have been studied in Parkinson's disease (PD), but limited research has focused on the comparison between sexes with LRRK2 G2385 variant. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore sex effects in the same genetic subtype and role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2385R variants in the same sex in PD. METHODS 613 PD patients were recruited from the Movement Disorders Clinic in Ruijin Hospital. We did not include healthy controls in this study. The data collected includes demographic information, disease history, scores of motor and non-motor symptoms scales, midbrain transcranial sonography and DNA. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between clinical features and sex in LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers, as well as the association between the clinical features and LRRK2 G2385R variants in male and female sex. RESULTS Sex distribution is similar in LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers. In male sex, LRRK2 G2385R carriers showed lower risk in cognitive impairment compared with non-carriers (OR = 0.301, p = 0.003, 95%CI 0.135-0.668). In female sex, LRRK2 G2385R carriers showed lower risk in autonomic dysfunction compared with non-carrier (OR = 0.401, p = 0.040, 95%CI 0.167-0.960). In LRRK2 G2385R non-carriers, female sex showed lower risk of impairment in activity of daily living (OR = 0.610, p = 0.021, 95%CI 0.400-0.928), excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 0.555, p = 0.007, 95%CI 0.361-0.853), substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (OR = 0.448, p = 0.019, 95%CI 0.228-0.878), autonomic dysfunction frequency (OR = 0.626, p = 0.016, 95%CI 0.428-0.917) and higher risk in mood disorders (OR = 1.691, p = 0.022, 95%CI 1.078-2.654) compared with male. In LRRK2 G2385R carriers, female sex showed a lower risk of autonomic dysfunction (OR = 0.294, p = 0.024, 95%CI 0.102-0.849) compared with male. CONCLUSION In contrast to male PD patients, a more benign disease course was observed in female in both LRRK2 G2385R carriers and non-carriers. However, sex differences were less notable in PD with LRRK2 G2385R variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shuang Cui
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yi-Qi Lin
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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13
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Chittoor-Vinod VG, Nichols RJ, Schüle B. Genetic and Environmental Factors Influence the Pleomorphy of LRRK2 Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1045. [PMID: 33494262 PMCID: PMC7864502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first identified as a pathogenic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) in 2004. Soon thereafter, a founder mutation in LRRK2, p.G2019S (rs34637584), was described, and it is now estimated that there are approximately 100,000 people worldwide carrying this risk variant. While the clinical presentation of LRRK2 parkinsonism has been largely indistinguishable from sporadic PD, disease penetrance and age at onset can be quite variable. In addition, its neuropathological features span a wide range from nigrostriatal loss with Lewy body pathology, lack thereof, or atypical neuropathology, including a large proportion of cases with concomitant Alzheimer's pathology, hailing LRRK2 parkinsonism as the "Rosetta stone" of parkinsonian disorders, which provides clues to an understanding of the different neuropathological trajectories. These differences may result from interactions between the LRRK2 mutant protein and other proteins or environmental factors that modify LRRK2 function and, thereby, influence pathobiology. This review explores how potential genetic and biochemical modifiers of LRRK2 function may contribute to the onset and clinical presentation of LRRK2 parkinsonism. We review which genetic modifiers of LRRK2 influence clinical symptoms, age at onset, and penetrance, what LRRK2 mutations are associated with pleomorphic LRRK2 neuropathology, and which environmental modifiers can augment LRRK2 mutant pathophysiology. Understanding how LRRK2 function is influenced and modulated by other interactors and environmental factors-either increasing toxicity or providing resilience-will inform targeted therapeutic development in the years to come. This will allow the development of disease-modifying therapies for PD- and LRRK2-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Jeremy Nichols
- Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Department Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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14
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Identification of Targets from LRRK2 Rescue Phenotypes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010076. [PMID: 33466414 PMCID: PMC7824855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative condition. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most frequent cause of sporadic and autosomal dominant PD. The exact role of LRRK2 protective variants (R1398H, N551K) together with a pathogenic mutant (G2019S) in aging and neurodegeneration is unknown. We generated the following myc-tagged UAS-LRRK2 transgenic Drosophila: LRRK2 (WT), N551K, R1398H, G2019S single allele, and double-mutants (N551K/G2019S or R1398H/G2019S). The protective variants alone were able to suppress the phenotypic effects caused by the pathogenic LRRK2 mutation. Next, we conducted RNA-sequencing using mRNA isolated from dopaminergic neurons of these different groups of transgenic Drosophila. Using pathway enrichment analysis, we identified the top 10 modules (p < 0.05), with “LRRK2 in neurons in Parkinson’s disease” among the candidates. Further dissection of this pathway identified the most significantly modulated gene nodes such as eEF1A2, ACTB, eEF1A, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The induction of the pathway was successfully restored by the R1398H protective variant and R1398H-G2019S or N551K-G2019S rescue experiments. The oxidoreductase family of genes was also active in the pathogenic mutant and restored in protective and rescue variants. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of LRRK2 variants. RNA sequencing of dopaminergic neurons identified upregulation of specific gene pathways in the Drosophila carrying the pathogenic variant, and this was restored in the rescue phenotypes. Using protective gene variants, our study identifies potential new targets and provides proof of principle of a new therapeutic approach that will further our understanding of aging and neurodegeneration in PD.
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15
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Lopatina OL, Komleva YK, Malinovskaya NA, Panina YA, Morgun AV, Salmina AB. CD157 and Brain Immune System in (Patho)physiological Conditions: Focus on Brain Plasticity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585294. [PMID: 33304350 PMCID: PMC7693531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoenzyme and receptor BST-1/CD157 has been considered as a key molecule involved in the regulation of functional activity of cells in various tissues and organs. It is commonly accepted that CD157 catalyzes NAD+ hydrolysis and acts as a component of integrin adhesion receptor complex. Such properties are important for the regulatory role of CD157 in neuronal and glial cells: in addition to recently discovered role in the regulation of emotions, motor functions, and social behavior, CD157 might serve as an important component of innate immune reactions in the central nervous system. Activation of innate immune system in the brain occurs in response to infectious agents as well as in brain injury and neurodegeneration. As an example, in microglial cells, association of CD157 with CD11b/CD18 complex drives reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation evident in brain ischemia, chronic neurodegeneration, and aging. There are various non-substrate ligands of CD157 belonging to the family of extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, collagen I, finbrinogen, and laminin) whose activity is required for controlling cell adhesion and migration. Therefore, CD157 could control structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier and barriergenesis. On the other hand, contribution of CD157 to the regulation of brain development is rather possible since in the embryonic brain, CD157 expression is very high, whereas in the adult brain, CD157 is expressed on neural stem cells and, presumably, is involved in the neurogenesis. Besides, CD157 could mediate astrocytes' action on neural stem and progenitor cells within neurogenic niches. In this review we will summarize how CD157 may affect brain plasticity acting as a molecule at the crossroad of neurogenesis, cerebral angiogenesis, and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Malinovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Panina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Morgun
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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16
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Zhang W, Jiao B, Xiao T, Liu X, Liao X, Xiao X, Guo L, Yuan Z, Yan X, Tang B, Shen L. Association of rare variants in neurodegenerative genes with familial Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1985-1995. [PMID: 32941707 PMCID: PMC7545599 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of rare variants underlying neurodegenerative‐related genes to familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We performed targeted sequencing of 277 neurodegenerative‐related genes on probands from 75 Chinese AD families non‐carrying causative mutation of dementia genes. Rare coding variants segregated in families were tested for association in an independent cohort of 506 patients with sporadic AD and 498 cognitively normal controls. East Asians data from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) were used as a reference control. Results A novel rare variant, P410S of PLD3 was found in an early‐onset AD family. LRRK2 I2012T, a causative mutation of Parkinson’s disease, was identified in another early‐onset AD family. Missense variants in ABCA7 (P143S and A1507T) and CR1(T239M) were significantly associated with familial AD (P = 0.005437, 0.001383, 0.000549), a missense variant in TREM2(S183C) was significantly associated with AD (P = 0.000396) when compared with the East Asian controls in ExAC database. A non‐frameshift variant in FUS (G223del) was frequent in AD cases and significantly associated with familial AD (P = 0.008). Interpretation Multiple rare coding variants of causal and risk neurodegenerative genes were presented in clinically diagnosed AD families that may confer risk of AD. Our data supported that the clinical, pathological, and genetic architectures of AD, PD, and FTD/ALS may overlapping. We propose that targeted sequencing on neurodegenerative‐related genes is necessary for genetically unclear AD families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Department of Geriatric, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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17
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Chen S, Liu H, Wu QQ, Xu SJ, Li WG, Chen T, Li C, Ma XY, Xu S, Liu YM. Effect of LRRK2 G2385R Variant on Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Efficacy in Parkinson's Disease in a Han Chinese Population. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1231. [PMID: 31824408 PMCID: PMC6884002 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The G2385R variant of LRRK2 is a risk factor for PD in Han Chinese individuals. We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes of STN-DBS surgery between PD Han Chinese G2385R variant carriers and non-carriers. Fifty-seven PD patients with bilateral STN-DBS were enrolled, including 8 G2385R+ variant carriers (G2385R+ group) and 49 non-carriers (G2385R- group). Clinical data included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts I to IV, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) score, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) score measured prior to DBS and 12 months post-DBS. DBS settings were also recorded. All PD patients benefited from STN-DBS surgery. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of motor function, daily living activities, and LEDD reductions at 12 months post-DBS. The rigidity of the post-surgical G2385R+ group was significantly improved compared with that of the G2385R- group (P = 0.045). Post-surgical voltage in the G2385R+ group was significantly higher than that in the G2385R- group (P = 0.033). STN-DBS outcomes were not influenced by the LRRK2 G2385R variant in Han Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-Jun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Saunders-Pullman R, Mirelman A, Alcalay RN, Wang C, Ortega RA, Raymond D, Mejia-Santana H, Orbe-Reilly M, Johannes BA, Thaler A, Ozelius L, Orr-Urtreger A, Marder KS, Giladi N, Bressman SB. Progression in the LRRK2-Asssociated Parkinson Disease Population. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:312-319. [PMID: 29309488 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Few prospective longitudinal studies have evaluated the progression of Parkinson disease (PD) in patients with the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2 [OMIM 609007]) mutation. Knowledge about such progression will aid clinical trials. Objective To determine whether the longitudinal course of PD in patients with the LRRK2 mutation differs from the longitudinal course of PD in patients without the mutation. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective comprehensive assessment of a large cohort of patients from 3 sites with LRRK2 PD or with nonmutation PD was conducted from July 21, 2009, to September 30, 2016. All patients of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry with PD were approached at each site; approximately 80% agreed to an initial visit. A total of 545 patients of Ashkenazi Jewish descent with PD who had 1 to 4 study visits were evaluated. A total of 144 patients (26.4%) had the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Patients with GBA (OMIM 606463) mutations were excluded from the analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Linear mixed-effects models for longitudinal motor scores were used to examine the association of LRRK2 mutation status with the rate of change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III scores using disease duration as the time scale, adjusting for sex, site, age, disease duration, cognitive score, and levodopa-equivalent dose at baseline. Mixed-effects models were used to assess change in cognition, as measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Results Among the 545 participants, 233 were women, 312 were men, and the mean (SD) age was 68.2 (9.1) years for participants with the LRRK2 mutation and 67.8 (10.7) years for those without it. Seventy-two of 144 participants with the LRRK2 mutation and 161 of 401 participants with no mutation were women. The estimate (SE) of the rate of change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III motor score per year among those with the LRRK2 mutation (0.689 [0.192] points per year) was less than among those without the mutation (1.056 [0.187] points per year; difference, -0.367 [0.149] points per year; P = .02). The estimate (SE) of the difference in the rate of change of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score between those with the LRRK2 mutation (-0.096 [0.090] points per year) and those without the mutation (-0.192 [0.102] points per year) did not reach statistical significance (difference, 0.097 [0.055] points per year; P = .08). Conclusions and Relevance Prospective longitudinal follow-up of patients with PD with or without the LRRK2 G2019S mutation supports data from a cross-sectional study and demonstrates a slower decline in motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores among those with LRRK2 G2019S-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Physical Therapy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Family Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Roberto A Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Brooke A Johannes
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laurie Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karen S Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.,Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nir Giladi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susan B Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Shu L, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Pan H, Tang B. A Comprehensive Analysis of Population Differences in LRRK2 Variant Distribution in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:13. [PMID: 30760999 PMCID: PMC6363667 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:LRRK2 variants have been demonstrated to have distinct distributions in different populations. However, researchers have thus far chosen to focus on relatively few variants, such as R1628P, G2019S, and G2385R. We therefore investigated the relationship between common LRRK2 variants and PD risk in various populations. Methods: Using a set of strict inclusion criteria, six databases were searched, resulting in the selection of 94 articles covering 49,299 cases and 47,319 controls for final pooled analysis and frequency analysis. Subgroup analysis were done for Africans, European/West Asians, Hispanics, East Asians, and mixed populations. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mantel-Haenszel approach to determine the relationship between common LRRK2 variants and PD risk, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: In the absence of obvious heterogeneities and publication biases among the included studies, we concluded that A419V, R1441C/G/H, R1628P, G2019S, and G2385R were associated with increased PD risk (p: 0.001, 0.0004, < 0.00001, < 0.00001, and < 0.00001, respectively), while R1398H was associated with decreased risk (p: < 0.00001). In East Asian populations, A419V, R1628P, and G2385R increased risk (p: 0.001, < 0.00001, < 0.00001), while R1398H had the opposite effect (p: 0.0005). G2019S increased PD risk in both European/West Asian and mixed populations (p: < 0.00001, < 0.00001), while R1441C/G/H increased risk in European/West Asian populations only (p: 0.0004). Conclusions: We demonstrated that LRRK2 variant distribution is different among various populations, which should inform decisions regarding the development of future genetic screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Shu L, Sun Q, Pan H, Guo J, Tang B. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between SNCA Polymorphisms and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:391. [PMID: 30410434 PMCID: PMC6209653 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various studies have reported associations between synuclein alpha (SNCA) polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. However, the results are inconsistent. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the associations between SNCA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and PD risk in overall populations and subpopulations by ethnicity. Methods: Standard meta-analysis was conducted according to our protocol with a cutoff point of p < 0.05. To find the most relevant SNCA SNPs, we used a cutoff point of p < 1 × 10−5 in an analysis based on the allele model. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we divided the overall populations into five ethnic groups. We conducted further analysis on the most relevant SNPs using dominant and recessive models to identify the contributions of heterozygotes and homozygotes regarding each SNP. Results: In our comprehensive meta-analysis, 24,075 cases and 22,877 controls from 36 articles were included. We included 16 variants in the meta-analysis and found 12 statistically significant variants with p < 0.05. After narrowing down the variants using the p < 1 × 10−5 cutoff, in overall populations, seven SNPs increased the risk of PD (rs2736990, rs356220, rs356165, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074, and rs2737029, with odds ratios [ORs] of 1.22–1.38) and one SNP decreased the risk (rs356186, with an OR of 0.77). In the East Asian group, rs2736990 and rs11931074 increased the risk (with ORs of 1.22–1.34). In the European group, five SNPs increased the risk (rs356219, rs181489, rs2737029, rs356165, and rs11931074, with ORs of 1.26–1.37) while one SNP decreased the risk (rs356186, with an OR of 0.77). The heterozygotes and homozygotes contributed differently depending on the variant. Conclusions: In summary, we found eight SNCA SNPs associated with PD risk, which had obvious differences between ethnicities. Seven SNPs increased the risk of PD and one SNP decreased the risk in the overall populations. In the East Asian group, rs2736990 and rs11931074 increased the risk. In the European group, rs356219, rs181489, rs2737029, rs356165, and rs11931074 increased the risk while rs356186 decreased the risk. Variants with the highest ORs and allele frequencies in our analysis should be given priority when carrying out genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Liu SY, Zheng Z, Gu ZQ, Wang CD, Tang BS, Xu YM, Ma JH, Zhou YT, Feng T, Chen SD, Chan P. Prevalence of pre-diagnostic symptoms did not differ between LRRK2-related, GBA-related and idiopathic patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 57:72-76. [PMID: 30119933 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) variants are the most common genetic risk factors for late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in pre-diagnostic symptoms of PD associated with the variants. METHODS The participants were recruited from 24 centers across China and genotyped for LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P variants and GBA L444P mutation. Participants were surveyed with structural questionnaires for history of environmental exposure and living habits and interviewed to collect the time at onset of each symptoms before diagnosis. We compared the cumulative prevalence and manifestation pattern of symptoms between groups using multiple logistic regression, adjusting age and gender. RESULTS Total 1799 PD patients were recruited, including 226 patients with LRRK2 G2385R or R1628P variant, 44 with GBA L444P mutation, three with both LRRK2 and GBA mutation, and 1526 idiopathic patients. The cumulative prevalence of non-motor and typical motor symptoms did not differ between groups before diagnosis (P > 0.05). The manifestation sequences of non-motor symptoms were indistinguishable between the LRRK2-carriers, GBA-carriers, and idiopathic PD subjects, and followed the sequence of constipation, hyposmia, sleep disorders, anxiety and depression, sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinency, dizziness and cognition. Slightly higher prevalence of hypomimia and micrographia were detected in the GBA-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of pre-diagnostic symptoms is almost indistinguishable between the LRRK2-carriers, GBA-carriers, and idiopathic PD before diagnosis; the sequence of the manifestation of non-motor symptoms largely conforms to the Braak stage for both genetic-related and idiopathic late-onset PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China; Key Laboratories of Ministry of Education for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Qin Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratories of Ministry of Education for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, China
| | - Chao-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China; Key Laboratories of Ministry of Education for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Tao Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China; Key Laboratories of Ministry of Education for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, China.
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22
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Zhang JR, Jin H, Li K, Mao CJ, Yang YP, Wang F, Gu CC, Zhang HJ, Chen J, Liu CF. Genetic analysis of LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease in Han Chinese population. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:187.e5-187.e10. [PMID: 30049590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are recognized as the most frequent genetic factors contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of our study was to explore LRRK2 variants in PD patients within the mainland Han Chinese population. The whole coding regions of LRRK2 from 296 PD patients were sequenced by targeted regions sequencing and exome sequencing. Eighteen rare variants were identified in 27 PD patients, and 13 of them (M100T, L153W, A459S, S722N, R792K, C925Y, R981K, S1007T, V1447M, R1677S, N2308D, N2313S, and S2350I) were firstly reported in PD. We also tried to explore the genotype-phenotype associations of LRRK2 variants in our data and found that PD with common and rare LRRK2 variants was more likely to have motor fluctuation and nonmotor symptoms. The identification of novel variants in LRRK2 suggests that this gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis and phenotype of PD in Han Chinese population, and our data also rang the alarm bell-more attention should be paid to the whole coding regions of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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23
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Mestre TA, Pont-Sunyer C, Kausar F, Visanji NP, Ghate T, Connolly BS, Gasca-Salas C, Kern DS, Jain J, Slow EJ, Faust-Socher A, Kasten M, Wadia PM, Zadikoff C, Kumar P, de Bie RM, Thomsen T, Lang AE, Schüle B, Klein C, Tolosa E, Marras C. Clustering of motor and nonmotor traits in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S Parkinson's disease nonparkinsonian relatives: A multicenter family study. Mov Disord 2018; 33:960-965. [PMID: 29665080 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine phenotypic features that differentiate nonparkinsonian first-degree relatives of PD leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S multiplex families, regardless of carrier status, from healthy controls because nonparkinsonian individuals in multiplex families seem to share a propensity to present neurological features. METHODS We included nonparkinsonian first-degree relatives of LRRK2 G2019S familial PD cases and unrelated healthy controls participating in established multiplex family LRRK2 cohorts. Study participants underwent neurologic assessment including cognitive screening, olfaction testing, and questionnaires for daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety. We used a multiple logistic regression model with backward variable selection, validated with bootstrap resampling, to establish the best combination of motor and nonmotor features that differentiates nonparkinsonian first-degree relatives of LRRK2 G2019S familial PD cases from unrelated healthy controls. RESULTS We included 142 nonparkinsonian family members and 172 unrelated healthy controls. The combination of past or current symptoms of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio, 4.16; 95% confidence interval, 2.01-8.63), less daytime sleepiness (adjusted odds ratio [1 unit], 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.97], and worse motor UPDRS score (adjusted odds ratio [1 unit], 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.67) distinguished nonparkinsonian family members, regardless of LRRK2 G2019S mutation status, from unrelated healthy controls. The model accuracy was good (area under the curve = 79.3%). CONCLUSIONS A set of motor and nonmotor features distinguishes first-degree relatives of LRRK2 G2019S probands, regardless of mutation status, from unrelated healthy controls. Environmental or non-LRRK2 genetic factors in LRRK2-associated PD may influence penetrance of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. The relationship of these features to actual PD risk requires longitudinal observation of LRRK2 familial PD cohorts. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A Mestre
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Canada (current affiliation)
| | - Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Unit, Hospital General de Granollers, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Granollers, Spain, Barcelona
| | - Farah Kausar
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, California, USA
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Taneera Ghate
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Barbara S Connolly
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carmen Gasca-Salas
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada.,Centro Integral en Neurociencias Abarca Cidón, Hospitales de Madrid Hospitales Puerta del Sur, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain (current affiliation)
| | - Drew S Kern
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA (current affiliation)
| | - Jennifer Jain
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Slow
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Achinoam Faust-Socher
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pettarusp M Wadia
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India (current affiliation)
| | - Cindy Zadikoff
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald M de Bie
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (current affiliation)
| | - Teri Thomsen
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada.,Neurology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA (current affiliation)
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, California, USA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Connie Marras
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, and the Edmond J Safra program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto, Canada
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24
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Zhao H, Kong Z. Relationship between LRRK2 R1628P polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in Asian populations. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46890-46898. [PMID: 27384489 PMCID: PMC5216911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) R1628P polymorphism has been associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Taiwan, China, and Singapore, there are conflicting findings regarding this relationship. Thus, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between the LRRK2 R1628P polymorphism (rs33949390) and PD in Asian populations. A search for eligible studies was performed in PubMed, Embase, SinoMed, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of the association between the R1628P polymorphism and PD. This meta-analysis assessed 19 studies from 14 papers that involved a total of 9,927 PD patients and 8,602 controls and found that the R1628P polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of PD in Asian populations. Moreover, stratification analyses indicated that the R1628P polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of PD among Chinese as well as non-Chinese Asian populations and an increased risk of PD in Chinese patients from China, Taiwan, and Singapore. In a stratified analysis conducted according to age, significant associations were found for both late-onset PD and early-onset PD. The present data indicate that the R1628P polymorphism of the LRRK2 gene contributes to PD susceptibility in Asian, especially Chinese, populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhijun Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
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25
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Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yi M, Zhou X, Guo J, Xu Q, Tang B, Yan X. Genetic Analysis of LRRK2 R1628P in Parkinson's Disease in Asian Populations. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2017; 2017:8093124. [PMID: 29209554 PMCID: PMC5676475 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8093124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear, there is increasing evidence of genetic factors contributing to the onset of PD. Various mutations and risk variants of the gene LRRK2 have been reported, but the association between LRRK2 R1628P and PD is still inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the potential relationship between R1628P and PD. Our study sample was an aggregate of 17 publications, which in total consisted of 9,275 PD patients and 8,114 controls. All of these articles are of high quality according to NOS, and there was no obvious reporting bias or heterogeneity. In a general Asian population, the pooled OR of the risk genotype contrasts was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.57, 2.13). When stratified by ethnicity, the pooled ORs were 1.84 (95% CI: 1.56, 2.18) in a Chinese population and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.52) in a non-Chinese population. Our study suggests that LRRK2 R1628P appears to be a risk factor for PD in Asian populations, both Chinese and non-Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Minhan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Institute of Information Security and Big Data, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Higashida H, Liang M, Yoshihara T, Akther S, Fakhrul A, Stanislav C, Nam TS, Kim UH, Kasai S, Nishimura T, Al Mahmuda N, Yokoyama S, Ishihara K, Gerasimenko M, Salmina A, Zhong J, Tsuji T, Tsuji C, Lopatina O. An immunohistochemical, enzymatic, and behavioral study of CD157/BST-1 as a neuroregulator. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28340569 PMCID: PMC5366154 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent rodent and human studies provide evidence in support of the fact that CD157, well known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1) and a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease, also meaningfully acts in the brain as a neuroregulator and affects social behaviors. It has been shown that social behaviors are impaired in CD157 knockout mice without severe motor dysfunction and that CD157/BST1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with autism spectrum disorder in humans. However, it is still necessary to determine how this molecule contributes to the brain’s physiological and pathophysiological functions. Methods To gain fresh insights about the relationship between the presence of CD157 in the brain and its enzymatic activity, and aberrant social behavior, CD157 knockout mice of various ages were tested. Results CD157 immunoreactivity colocalized with nestin-positive cells and elements in the ventricular zones in E17 embryos. Brain CD157 mRNA levels were high in neonates but low in adults. Weak but distinct immunoreactivity was detected in several areas in the adult brain, including the amygdala. CD157 has little or no base exchange activity, but some ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, indicating that CD157 formed cyclic ADP-ribose but much less nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, with both mobilizing Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ pools. Social avoidance in CD157 knockout mice was rescued by a single intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin. Conclusions CD157 may play a role in the embryonic and adult nervous systems. The functional features of CD157 can be explained in part through the production of cyclic ADP-ribose rather than nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Further experiments are required to elucidate how the embryonic expression of CD157 in neural stem cells contributes to behaviors in adults or to psychiatric symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0350-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Mingkun Liang
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shirin Akther
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Azam Fakhrul
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Cherepanov Stanislav
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tae-Sik Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Satoka Kasai
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naila Al Mahmuda
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Maria Gerasimenko
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Alla Salmina
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660022
| | - Jing Zhong
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660022
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Christensen KV, Smith GP, Williamson DS. Development of LRRK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 56:37-80. [PMID: 28314412 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linkage and genome-wide association studies have identified a genetic risk locus for late-onset Parkinson's disease in chromosome 12, originally identified as PARK6. The causative gene was identified to code for a large multifunctional protein, LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2). The combined genetic and biochemical evidence supports a hypothesis in which the LRRK2 kinase function is causally involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial forms of PD, and therefore that LRRK2 kinase inhibitors could be useful for treatment. Although LRRK2 has so far not been crystallised, the use of homology modelling and crystallographic surrogates has allowed the optimisation of chemical structures such that compounds of high selectivity with good brain penetration and appropriate pharmacokinetic properties are now available for understanding the biology of LRRK2 in vitro and in vivo. This chapter reviews LRRK2 biology, the structural biology of LRRK2 and gives an overview of inhibitors of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Christensen
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - G P Smith
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
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Dan X, Wang C, Zhang J, Gu Z, Zhou Y, Ma J, Chan P. Association between common genetic risk variants and depression in Parkinson's disease: A dPD study in Chinese. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 33:122-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Association of LRRK2 R1628P variant with Parkinson's disease in Ethnic Han-Chinese and subgroup population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35171. [PMID: 27812003 PMCID: PMC5095708 DOI: 10.1038/srep35171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked certain single nucleotide polymorphisms in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The R1628P variant of LRRK2 may be a specific risk factor for PD in ethnic Han-Chinese populations. This study is to elucidate the epidemiological feature of R1628P in ethnic Han-Chinese population with PD. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the precise association between R1628P variant and the risk for PD in ethnic Han-Chinese and subgroups stratified by gender, onset age, or family history. The analysis assessing the role of R1628P on the risk of PD in ethnic Han-Chinese supported a significant association, and the odds ratio was 1.86. We further estimate the specific prevalence in relevant ethnic Han-Chinese subgroups. After stratifying the eligible data by gender, onset age, or family history, significant associations were found in all male, female, early-onset, late-onset, familial and sporadic subgroups, and the odds ratio were 1.90, 1.94, 2.12, 1.75, 6.71 and 1.81 respectively. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that R1628P variant of LRRK2 has a significant association with the risk of PD in ethnic Han-Chinese and subgroup population.
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30
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Jiang T, Sun Q, Chen S. Oxidative stress: A major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 147:1-19. [PMID: 27769868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the overproduction and incorporation of free radicals and the dynamic ability of a biosystem to detoxify reactive intermediates. Free radicals produced by oxidative stress are one of the common features in several experimental models of diseases. Free radicals affect both the structure and function of neural cells, and contribute to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Although the precise mechanisms that result in the degeneration of neurons and the relevant pathological changes remain unclear, the crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with several proteins (such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, Amyloid β and tau protein) and some signaling pathways (such as extracellular regulated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) that are tightly associated with the neural damage. In this review, we present evidence, gathered over the last decade, concerning a variety of pathogenic proteins, their important signaling pathways and pathogenic mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Proper control and regulation of these proteins' functions and the related signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic approach to the patients. We also emphasizes antioxidative options, including some new neuroprotective agents that eliminate excess reactive oxygen species efficiently and have a certain therapeutic effect; however, controversy surrounds some of them in terms of the dose and length of therapy. These agents require further investigation by clinical application in patients suffering Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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31
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Shi C, Zheng Z, Wang Q, Wang C, Zhang D, Zhang M, Chan P, Wang X. Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants on Clinical Profiles of Parkinson's Disease Assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn-Yahr Stage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155758. [PMID: 27299523 PMCID: PMC4907455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic variants have been linked to familial or sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), among which those identified in PARK16, BST1, SNCA, LRRK2, GBA and MAPT genes have been demonstrated to be the most common risk factors worldwide. Moreover, complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions have been highlighted in PD pathogenesis. Compared to studies focusing on the predisposing effects of genes, there is a relative lack of research investigating how these genes and their interactions influence the clinical profiles of PD. In a cohort consisting of 2,011 Chinese Han PD patients, we selected 9 representative variants from the 6 above-mentioned common PD genes to analyze their main and epistatic effects on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage of PD. With multiple linear regression models adjusting for medication status, disease duration, gender and age at onset, none of the variants displayed significant main effects on UPDRS or the H-Y scores. However, for gene-gene interaction analyses, 7 out of 37 pairs of variants showed significant or marginally significant associations with these scores. Among these, the GBA rs421016 (L444P)×LRRK2 rs33949390 (R1628P) interaction was consistently significant in relation to UPDRS III and UPDRS total (I+II+III), even after controlling for the family-wise error rate using False Discovery Rate (FDR-corrected p values are 0.0481 and 0.0070, respectively). Although the effects of the remaining pairs of variants did not survive the FDR correction, they showed marginally significant associations with either UPDRS or the H-Y stage (raw p<0.05). Our results highlight the importance of epistatic effects of multiple genes on the determination of PD clinical profiles and may have implications for molecular classification and personalized intervention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Dabao Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Min Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Alzheimer Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (PC); (XMW)
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (PC); (XMW)
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (PC); (XMW)
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32
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Sun Q, Wang T, Jiang TF, Huang P, Li DH, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Liu J, Chen SD. Effect of a Leucine-rich Repeat Kinase 2 Variant on Motor and Non-motor Symptoms in Chinese Parkinson's Disease Patients. Aging Dis 2016; 7:230-6. [PMID: 27330837 PMCID: PMC4898919 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2385R variant of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is strongly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in Asian populations. However, it is still unclear whether the clinical phenotype of PD patients with the G2385R variant can be distinguished from that of patients with idiopathic PD. In this study, we investigated motor and non-motor symptoms of LRRK2 G2385R variant carriers in a Chinese population. We genotyped 1031 Chinese PD patients for the G2385R variant of the LRRK2 gene, and examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of LRRK2 G2385R variant carrier and non-carrier PD patients. LRRK2 G2385R variant carriers were more likely to present the postural instability and gait difficulty dominant (PIGD) phenotype. This variant was also significantly associated with motor fluctuations and the levodopa equivalent dose (LED). G2385R variant carriers had higher REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) score and more RBD symptoms compared with non-carriers. We concluded that the G2385R variant could be a risk factor for the PIGD phenotype, motor fluctuations, LED values and RBD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tian-Fang Jiang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dun-Hui Li
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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33
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Hernandez DG, Reed X, Singleton AB. Genetics in Parkinson disease: Mendelian versus non-Mendelian inheritance. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 1:59-74. [PMID: 27090875 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of those older than 75 years of age. Clinically, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with resting tremor, postural instability, rigidity, bradykinesia, and a good response to levodopa therapy. Over the last 15 years, numerous studies have confirmed that genetic factors contribute to the complex pathogenesis of PD. Highly penetrant mutations producing rare, monogenic forms of the disease have been discovered in singular genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK 1, LRRK2, and VPS35. Unique variants with incomplete penetrance in LRRK2 and GBA have been shown to be strong risk factors for PD in certain populations. Additionally, over 20 common variants with small effect sizes are now recognized to modulate the risk for PD. Investigating Mendelian forms of PD has provided precious insight into the pathophysiology that underlies the more common idiopathic form of disease; however, no treatment methodologies have developed. Furthermore, for identified common risk alleles, the functional basis underlying risk principally remains unknown. The challenge over the next decade will be to strengthen the findings delivered through genetic discovery by assessing the direct, biological consequences of risk variants in tandem with additional high-content, integrated datasets. This review discusses monogenic risk factors and mechanisms of Mendelian inheritance of Parkinson disease. Highly penetrant mutations in SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK 1, LRRK2 and VPS35 produce rare, monogenic forms of the disease, while unique variants within LRRK2 and GBA show incomplete penetrance and are strong risk factors for PD. Additionally, over 20 common variants with small effect sizes modulate disease risk. The challenge over the next decade is to strengthen genetic findings by assessing direct, biological consequences of risk variants in tandem with high-content, integrated datasets. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xylena Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Shu Y, Ming J, Zhang P, Wang Q, Jiao F, Tian B. Parkinson-Related LRRK2 Mutation R1628P Enables Cdk5 Phosphorylation of LRRK2 and Upregulates Its Kinase Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149739. [PMID: 26930193 PMCID: PMC4773127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have linked certain single nucleotide polymorphisms in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among the mutations, LRRK2 c.4883G>C (R1628P) variant was identified to have a significant association with the risk of PD in ethnic Han-Chinese populations. But the molecular pathological mechanisms of R1628P mutation in PD is still unknown. Principle Findings Unlike other LRRK2 mutants in the Roc-COR-Kinase domain, the R1628P mutation didn’t alter the LRRK2 kinase activity and promote neuronal death directly. LRRK2 R1628P mutation increased the binding affinity of LRRK2 with Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Interestingly, R1628P mutation turned its adjacent amino acid residue S1627 on LRRK2 protein to a novel phosphorylation site of Cdk5, which could be defined as a typical type II (+) phosphorylation-related single nucleotide polymorphism. Importantly, we showed that the phosphorylation of S1627 by Cdk5 could activate the LRRK2 kinase, and neurons ectopically expressing R1628P displayed a higher sensitivity to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a bioactive metabolite of environmental toxin MPTP, in a Cdk5-dependent manner. Conclusion Our data indicate that Parkinson-related LRRK2 mutation R1628P leads to Cdk5 phosphorylation of LRRK2 at S1627, which would upregulate the kinase activity of LRRK2 and consequently cause neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Central laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ming
- Wuhan Union hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Jiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Fukushima W, Kiyohara C, Sasaki S, Tsuboi Y, Oeda T, Shimada H, Kawamura N, Sakae N, Fukuyama H, Hirota Y, Nagai M, Nakamura Y. PARK16 polymorphisms, interaction with smoking, and sporadic Parkinson's disease in Japan. J Neurol Sci 2016; 362:47-52. [PMID: 26944116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence on the relationships between PARK16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is inconsistent. We examined this issue in Japan. Included were 229 cases within six years of PD onset. Controls were 356 patients without neurodegenerative disease. Compared with subjects with the AA genotype of SNP rs823128, those with the AG genotype, but not the GG genotype, had a significantly reduced risk of sporadic PD. Compared with the AA genotype of SNP rs947211, both the AG genotype and the GG genotype were significantly related to an increased risk of sporadic PD. Using subjects with the AA genotype of SNP rs823156 as a reference group, there were significant inverse relationships under the additive and dominant models. No significant relationships were found between SNPs rs16856139 or rs11240572 and sporadic PD. The CAAAC, the TGAGA, and the CAGAC haplotypes were significantly related to sporadic PD. The additive interaction between SNP rs823128 and smoking affecting sporadic PD was significant, although the multiplicative interaction was not significant. The PARK16 SNPs rs823128, rs947211, and rs823156 and the CAAAC, TGAGA, and CAGAC haplotypes may be significantly associated with sporadic PD in Japan. New evidence of an additive interaction between SNP rs823156 and smoking is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Wakaba Fukushima
- Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Kiyohara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oeda
- Clinical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Nobutaka Sakae
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Nagai
- Department of Public Health, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
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Gu Z, Wang B, Zhang YB, Ding H, Zhang Y, Yu J, Gu M, Chan P, Cai Y. Association of ARNTL and PER1 genes with Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of Han Chinese. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15891. [PMID: 26507264 PMCID: PMC4623766 DOI: 10.1038/srep15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruptions may result in sleep problems, oxidative stress and an altered inflammatory response. These symptoms may contribute to PD pathogenesis, despite a lack of direct experimental evidence supporting this relationship. Clock genes are essential to drive and maintain circadian rhythm. To elucidate the possible role of circadian disruptions in PD, we investigated 132 tag variants in eight clock genes. We genotyped these tags within 1,394 Chinese cases and 1,342 controls using Illumina GoldenGate chips. We discovered that SNPs in ARNTL (rs900147, P = 3.33 × 10(-5), OR = 0.80) and PER1 (rs2253820, P = 5.30 × 10(-6), OR = 1.31) genes are significantly associated with PD risk. Moreover, the positive association of the ARNTL rs900147 variant was more robust in tremor dominant (TD) (P = 3.44 × 10(-4)) than postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) cases (P = 6.06 × 10(-2)). The association of the PER1 rs2253820 variant was more robust in PIGD (P = 5.42 × 10(-5)) than TD cases (P = 4.2 × 10(-2)). Haplotype analysis also showed that ARNTL and PER1 were associated with PD. Imputation analysis identified more SNPs within ARNTL and PER1 associated with PD, some of which may affect gene expression through altering the transcription factor binding site. In summary, our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in ARNTL and PER1 genes, as well as circadian disruptions, may contribute to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqin Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - BinBin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yanning Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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Jian CD, Huang JM, Meng LQ, Li XB, Huang RY, Shi SL, Wu Y, Qin C, Chen J, Zhang YM, Wang S, Feng YL, Zhou SN. SNCA rs3822086 C>T Polymorphism Increases the Susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Han Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015. [PMID: 26203864 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Dong Jian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Min Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Lan-Qing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xue-Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Rui-Ya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yin-Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng-Nian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Yu WJ, Cheng L, Li NN, Wang L, Tan EK, Peng R. Interaction between SNCA, LRRK2 and GAK increases susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in a Chinese population. eNeurologicalSci 2015; 1:3-6. [PMID: 29479569 PMCID: PMC5852682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PD is a complex disease, and may result from gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. There are limited studies on gene–gene interactions in PD. We and others have previously shown that SNCA rs356219, LRRK2 (rs2046932 and rs7304279) and GAK (rs1564282) are risk factors in sporadic PD. Since the expression of SNCA and neurotoxicity of alpha-synuclein are affected by LRRK2 and GAK, we hypothesize that their genetic risk variants may interact with each other. Here we investigated the interaction of SNCA rs356219, LRRK2rs7304279 and rs2046932 and GAK rs1564282 using the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) in a Chinese PD patient–control series (534 patients and 435 controls) and the cumulative risk effect of SNCA, LRRK2 and GAK. The MDR analysis showed a significant gene–gene interaction between the rs356219 of SNCA, rs2046932 of LRRK2 and rs1564282 of GAK. Moreover, individuals with increasing numbers of variants had an increasing likelihood of having PD, compared with those carrying none of the variants. The estimated OR for developing PD in individuals carrying 3 variants was 5.89. We demonstrated for the first time that SNPs in SNCA, LRRK2 and GAK interacted with each other to confer an increased risk of PD. In addition, PD risk increased cumulatively with the increasing number of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Yu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rong Peng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
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Li K, Tang BS, Liu ZH, Kang JF, Zhang Y, Shen L, Li N, Yan XX, Xia K, Guo JF. LRRK2 A419V variant is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in Asian population. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2908.e11-5. [PMID: 26234753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, LRRK2 A419V (rs34594498) was reported associating with Parkinson's disease (PD) in Asian population; yet the conclusion is still unobvious. We conducted a case-control study to determine the potential associations between A419V and PD in Chinese population. Five hundred PD patients and 574 health controls were genotyped. Our results showed, A419V has a significantly higher frequency among PD patients than the controls (p = 0.025, odds ratio [OR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.13-5.86]), especially in early-onset PD (p = 0.027, OR = 10.40, 95% CI [1.31-82.89]). And PD patients who carried A419V have a lower Minimum-Mental State Examination scores than PD patients who did not (p = 0.04). We also conducted a meta-analysis on A419V. In Asian population, A419V was detected at a significantly higher frequency among PD patients in contrast to controls: Z = 2.47, p = 0.01, OR = 2.11, 95% CI [1.17-3.82]. When only considering the Chinese population, the difference was more obvious with Z = 3.41, p = 0.0007, OR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.36-3.14]. The results suggest LRRK2 A419V appears to be a risk factor for PD in Asian, especially in early-onset patients. Finally, larger sample with centering on young or cognitive impairment PD patients in Asian would be preferable for further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-feng Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-xiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Association between bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2015; 599:120-4. [PMID: 25986899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and genetic polymorphisms of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 (BST-1). However, the results to date have been conflicting. In this study a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between BST-1 polymorphisms and PD. Previous relevant studies were identified from Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, among which the studies evaluating the association of BST-1 polymorphisms with risk of PD were used in the meta-analysis. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for different genetic models using meta-analytic methods. Subgroup analysis was performed based on study designs and participant ethnicity, and sensitivity analysis was also performed. Eleven studies comprising 11,070 cases and 19,169 controls were included in this meta-analysis. ORs and 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of association. The rs4698412 variant (G→A) showed a significant summary OR of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.05-1.20; P=0.001) in an allelic model. This significant association was also observed in the subgroup analysis based on participants' ethnicity and study designs. The pooled OR of the rs11724635 variant (C→A) indicated a non-significant association with PD in a recessive model (OR, 1.16, 95% CI: 0.97-1.40; P=0.112), dominant model (OR, 1.10, 95% CI: 0.86-1.41; P=0.458) and allelic model (OR, 1.10, 95% CI: 0.95-1.27; P=0.224). Although the rs11931532 variant (T→C) did not show association with PD (OR, 0.99, 95% CI: 0.85-1.15; P=0.9), the pooled estimation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed a significant connection with PD (OR, 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.31; P=0.001). Sensitivity analysis supported these findings, and no evidence of publication bias was observed in the meta-analysis. Our studies suggested that the rs4698412 variant of BST-1 may increase the PD susceptibility.
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Yokoyama S, Al Mahmuda N, Munesue T, Hayashi K, Yagi K, Yamagishi M, Higashida H. Association Study between the CD157/BST1 Gene and Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Japanese Population. Brain Sci 2015; 5:188-200. [PMID: 26010484 PMCID: PMC4493464 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci5020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD157, also referred to as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1), is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule that promotes pre-B-cell growth. Previous studies have reported associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD157/BST1 gene with Parkinson’s disease. In an attempt to determine whether SNPs or haplotypes in the CD157/BST1 are associated with other brain disorders, we performed a case-control study including 147 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients at Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan and 150 unselected Japanese volunteers by the sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Of 93 SNPs examined, two SNPs showed significantly higher allele frequencies in cases with ASDs than in unaffected controls (rs4301112, OR = 6.4, 95% CI = 1.9 to 22, p = 0.0007; and rs28532698, OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.8 to 21, p = 0.0012; Fisher’s exact test; p < 0.002 was considered significant after multiple testing correction). In addition, CT genotype in rs10001565 was more frequently observed in the ASD group than in the control group (OR = 15, 95% CI = 2.0 to 117, p = 0.0007; Fisher’s exact test). The present data indicate that genetic variation of the CD157/BST1 gene might confer susceptibility to ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yokoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
- MEXT Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Okazaki 444-0840, Japan.
| | - Naila Al Mahmuda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
- MEXT Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Okazaki 444-0840, Japan.
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Medical Education Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
- MEXT Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Okazaki 444-0840, Japan.
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Pihlstrøm L, Rengmark A, Bjørnarå KA, Dizdar N, Fardell C, Forsgren L, Holmberg B, Larsen JP, Linder J, Nissbrandt H, Tysnes OB, Dietrichs E, Toft M. Fine mapping and resequencing of the PARK16 locus in Parkinson’s disease. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:357-62. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li DW, Gu Z, Wang C, Ma J, Tang BS, Chen SD, Chan P. Non-motor symptoms in Chinese Parkinson's disease patients with and without LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P variants. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:661-7. [PMID: 25062988 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, reports on NMS in Chinese PD population are scarce. Little is known about NMS in patients with Asian specific leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) variants in G2385R and R1628P. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of NMS in Chinese PD patients and to ascertain if there were differences in NMS between PD patients with and without LRRK2 variants. A multicenter, observational study was conducted with 1,225 sporadic PD (sPD) patients recruited from a PD cohort of the Chinese National Consortium on neurodegenerative diseases, 163 participants had the LRRK2 variants. The Non-motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQ) was used to screen for the presence of NMS. This study found the majority of sPD patients (97.6 %) had at least one NMS. A mean of 8.72 NMS (SD = 5.43) was reported per patient. Forgetfulness, constipation and daytime sleepiness were found to be the most frequent NMS. Moreover, the number of NMS was positively correlated with the age, disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr stage and the motor scores of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Although no discrepancy was found in the number of NMS between sPD patients with and without LRRK2 variants, nocturia was less common in LRRK2 variants carriers than in non-carriers (P = 0.045). NMS appear to be prevalent in Chinese sPD population. There are no differences in the NMS phenotype between LRRK2 and no LRRK2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Neurobiology and Geriatrics, National GCP Clinical Trial Center on Neurodegenerative Disease, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, #45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
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45
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Xie CL, Pan JL, Wang WW, Zhang Y, Zhang SF, Gan J, Liu ZG. The association between the LRRK2 G2385R variant and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis based on 23 case–control studies. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1495-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lopatina O, Yoshihara T, Nishimura T, Zhong J, Akther S, Fakhrul AAKM, Liang M, Higashida C, Sumi K, Furuhara K, Inahata Y, Huang JJ, Koizumi K, Yokoyama S, Tsuji T, Petugina Y, Sumarokov A, Salmina AB, Hashida K, Kitao Y, Hori O, Asano M, Kitamura Y, Kozaka T, Shiba K, Zhong F, Xie MJ, Sato M, Ishihara K, Higashida H. Anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice lacking the CD157/BST1 gene, a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:133. [PMID: 24795584 PMCID: PMC4001052 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD157, known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1, is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored ADP-ribosyl cyclase that supports the survival and function of B-lymphocytes and hematopoietic or intestinal stem cells. Although CD157/Bst1 is a risk locus in Parkinson's disease (PD), little is known about the function of CD157 in the nervous system and contribution to PD progression. Here, we show that no apparent motor dysfunction was observed in young knockout (CD157 (-/-)) male mice under less aging-related effects on behaviors. CD157 (-/-) mice exhibited anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors compared with wild-type mice. These behaviors were rescued through treatment with anti-psychiatric drugs and oxytocin. CD157 was weakly expressed in the amygdala and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala was less evident in CD157 (-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that CD157 plays a role as a neuro-regulator and suggest a potential role in pre-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lopatina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shirin Akther
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Azam A K M Fakhrul
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mingkun Liang
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiharu Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sumi
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Furuhara
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Inahata
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jian-Jung Huang
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keita Koizumi
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yulia Petugina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrei Sumarokov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Koji Hashida
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitao
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Kitamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kozaka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui Fukui, Japan
| | - Min-Jue Xie
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui Fukui, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Dan X, Wang C, Ma J, Feng X, Wang T, Zheng Z, Chan P. MAPT IVS1+124 C>G modifies risk of LRRK2 G2385R for Parkinson's disease in Chinese individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1780.e7-1780.e10. [PMID: 24559644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the MAPT gene have been suggested to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to modify the risk for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) Parkinsonism. However, this has not been confirmed in Asians with ethnicity-specific variants of MAPT and LRRK2. In this study, Asian-specific LRRK2 p.G2385R variant and IVS1+124 C>G, a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the MAPT promoter region, were genotyped in 561 Chinese PD patients and 556 control subjects. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the 2 variants were compared between cases and control subjects independently and in combination. As a result, the LRRK2 p.G2385R variant alone was associated with an increased risk for PD (Odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence intervals, 1.08-3.19; p = 0.014), whereas MAPT IVS1+124 C>G was not (p = 0.34). However, the coexistence of MAPT IVS1+124C>G significantly enhanced the LRRK2 G2385R-conferred risk for PD (Odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence intervals, 1.14-4.54; p = 0.012). These results provide further evidence supporting the interaction between MAPT and LRRK2 genes, which increases the susceptibility to PD in Chinese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Dan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Feng
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China; Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Clinical profiles of Parkinson's disease associated with common leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and glucocerebrosidase genetic variants in Chinese individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:725.e1-6. [PMID: 24095219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical profiles of Parkinson's disease (PD) related to LRRK2 (LRRK2-PD), and GBA (GBA-PD) genes have not been reported in Chinese individuals. In this study, we have investigated motor and non-motor aspects in 1638 Chinese PD patients who carried LRRK2 G2385R or R1628P (LRRK2-PD, n = 223), GBA L444P variant (GBA-PD, n = 49), or none of the variants (idiopathic PD [IPD], n = 1366). As a result, age at onset and motor and non-motor features of LRRK2-PD patients were similar to IPD patients except for milder non-motor symptoms. In contrast, GBA-PD patients had a significantly younger age at onset and higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores than LRRK2-PD and IPD patients. In addition, postural instability and gait disorders, motor complications, cognitive decline, hallucination, sexual dysfunction, and constipation were more frequent in GBA-PD than in LRRK2-PD and IPD patients, and GBA-PD patients had a worse performance for social functioning and role-emotional scores. Our study represents the first large-scale clinical study of LRRK2-PD and GBA-PD in ethnic Chinese individuals. The data suggest that both LRRK2-PD and GBA-PD are similar to IPD, except for an earlier age at onset and relatively more common non-motor symptoms in GBA-PD patients. These findings strengthen our understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of PD, and may have implications for molecular classification of the disease.
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Cooper DN, Krawczak M, Polychronakos C, Tyler-Smith C, Kehrer-Sawatzki H. Where genotype is not predictive of phenotype: towards an understanding of the molecular basis of reduced penetrance in human inherited disease. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1077-130. [PMID: 23820649 PMCID: PMC3778950 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced (or incomplete) penetrance'. Reduced penetrance is not uncommon; indeed, there are many known examples of 'disease-causing mutations' that fail to cause disease in at least a proportion of the individuals who carry them. Reduced penetrance may therefore explain not only why genetic diseases are occasionally transmitted through unaffected parents, but also why healthy individuals can harbour quite large numbers of potentially disadvantageous variants in their genomes without suffering any obvious ill effects. Reduced penetrance can be a function of the specific mutation(s) involved or of allele dosage. It may also result from differential allelic expression, copy number variation or the modulating influence of additional genetic variants in cis or in trans. The penetrance of some pathogenic genotypes is known to be age- and/or sex-dependent. Variable penetrance may also reflect the action of unlinked modifier genes, epigenetic changes or environmental factors. At least in some cases, complete penetrance appears to require the presence of one or more genetic variants at other loci. In this review, we summarize the evidence for reduced penetrance being a widespread phenomenon in human genetics and explore some of the molecular mechanisms that may help to explain this enigmatic characteristic of human inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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Heckman MG, Elbaz A, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Serie DJ, Aasly JO, Annesi G, Auburger G, Bacon JA, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Bozi M, Brighina L, Chartier-Harlin MC, Dardiotis E, Destée A, Ferrarese C, Ferraris A, Fiske B, Gispert S, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Hattori N, Ioannidis JPA, Jasinska-Myga B, Jeon BS, Kim YJ, Klein C, Kruger R, Kyratzi E, Lin CH, Lohmann K, Loriot MA, Lynch T, Mellick GD, Mutez E, Opala G, Park SS, Petrucci S, Quattrone A, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Sohn YH, Stefanis L, Tadic V, Tomiyama H, Uitti RJ, Valente EM, Vassilatis DK, Vilariño-Güell C, White LR, Wirdefeldt K, Wszolek ZK, Wu RM, Xiromerisiou G, Maraganore DM, Farrer MJ, Ross OA. Protective effect of LRRK2 p.R1398H on risk of Parkinson's disease is independent of MAPT and SNCA variants. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:266.e5-14. [PMID: 23962496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The best validated susceptibility variants for Parkinson's disease are located in the α-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) genes. Recently, a protective p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K haplotype in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was identified, with p.R1398H appearing to be the most likely functional variant. To date, the consistency of the protective effect of LRRK2 p.R1398H across MAPT and SNCA variant genotypes has not been assessed. To address this, we examined 4 SNCA variants (rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074, and rs2583988), the MAPT H1-haplotype-defining variant rs1052553, and LRRK2 p.R1398H (rs7133914) in Caucasian (n = 10,322) and Asian (n = 2289) series. There was no evidence of an interaction of LRRK2 p.R1398H with MAPT or SNCA variants (all p ≥ 0.10); the protective effect of p.R1398H was observed at similar magnitude across MAPT and SNCA genotypes, and the risk effects of MAPT and SNCA variants were observed consistently for LRRK2 p.R1398H genotypes. Our results indicate that the association of LRRK2 p.R1398H with Parkinson's disease is independent of SNCA and MAPT variants, and vice versa, in Caucasian and Asian populations.
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