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Yang J, Liang Q, Zhou Q, Sha L, Shi H, Li G. An electrochemical biosensor to assay Trop-2 of breast cancer cells fabricated by methylene blue-assisted assembly of DNA nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115907. [PMID: 38064995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Human trophoblast surface cell antigen 2 (Trop-2) on the tumor cell membrane can not only serve as the target for chemotherapy drugs, but also as a biomarker for typing and prognosis of breast cancer; however, assay of Trop-2 is seriously hampered due to the limitations of available tool. Herein, we have designed and fabricated an electrochemical biosensor for the assay of Trop-2 based on methylene blue (MB)-assisted assembly of DNA nanocomposite particles (DNPs). Specially, the recognition between Trop-2 and its aptamer may activate the primer exchange reaction (PER) on an electrode surface to produce long single-strand DNA (ssDNA) which can be self-assembled into DNPs by electrostatic interaction between negative charged DNA and positive charged and electro-active MB molecules which can also be used to give electrochemical signal. By using this electrochemical biosensor, ultrasensitive detection of tumor cells with high Trop-2 expressions can be conducted, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1 cell/mL. Moreover, this biosensor can be further used for accurately profiling Trop-2 expression of tumor cells in mouse tissues, suggesting its great potential in the precise definition of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qizhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qianxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lingjun Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hai Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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2
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Attia AS, Hussein S, Sameh H, Khalil A, Waley AB, Matar I, Sameh R. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of TROP-2, SLP-2, and CXCL12 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2024; 39:211-221. [PMID: 38073379 PMCID: PMC11091596 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid malignancy. Histopathological examination is widely accepted as the gold standard test for the diagnosis of PTC. However, the histopathological examination sometimes can't differentiate PTC from other thyroid diseases. Differentiating PTC from other thyroid diseases is essential for a therapeutic approach and prognosis. OBJECTIVES The current study was performed to investigate the utility of TROP-2, SPL-2, and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expression in discriminating PTC from other thyroid diseases that mimic PTC. METHODS The current study was performed on 75 cases of surgically resected thyroid glands. The cases were distributed in two groups: the PTC group and the non-PTC group. The PTC group consisted of 35 cases (25 patients of the classic PTC variant and 10 patients of the PTC follicular variant). The non-PTC group consisted of 40 cases (10 cases were multinodular goiter, 5 cases were Graves' disease, 5 cases were Hashimoto thyroiditis, 15 patients were follicular adenoma (FA) and 5 cases were follicular carcinoma). TROP-2, SPL-2, and CXCL12 mRNA expression were estimated by qRT-PCR, and protein expression was estimated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There were upregulated TROP-2, SPL-2, and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expressions in PTC compared to non-PTC (P< 0.001, for each). There was a statistically significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of the three genes among PTC cases with larger tumor sizes (P< 0.001, for each), those with tumor stages III and IV (P= 0.008, 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively), and those with LN metastasis (P< 0.001, for each). Moreover, there was a statistically significant upregulation in CXCL-12 gene expression among PTC cases with extra-thyroid extension (P< 0.001). CONCLUSION mRNA expression of TROP-2, SPL-2, and CXCL12 among PTC cases increased in larger tumor size, tumor stages III and IV, and LN metastasis. Moreover, there was an increase in CXCL-12 gene expression among PTC cases with extra-thyroid extension. Thus, TROP-2, SPL-2, and CXCL12 expressions could be possible diagnostic and prognostic markers in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Selim Attia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend Sameh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amr Khalil
- Al Ahrar Oncology Center, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Barakat Waley
- Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ihab Matar
- Surgical Oncology Department, Ismailia Teaching Oncology Hospital, Egypt
| | - Reham Sameh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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3
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Cursano G, Frigo E, Sajjadi E, Ivanova M, Venetis K, Guerini-Rocco E, Criscitiello C, Curigliano G, Fusco N. Trop-2 as an Actionable Biomarker in Breast Cancer. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:129-131. [PMID: 38178982 PMCID: PMC10761338 DOI: 10.2174/1389202924666230726112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cursano
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Frigo
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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4
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Qiu S, Zhang J, Wang Z, Lan H, Hou J, Zhang N, Wang X, Lu H. Targeting Trop-2 in cancer: Recent research progress and clinical application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188902. [PMID: 37121444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antitumor drugs depends mainly upon targeting tumor cells precisely. Trophoblast surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein involved in Ca2+ signaling in tumor cells. It is highly expressed in various tumor tissues than in normal tissues and represents a novel and promising molecular target for caner targeted therapy. Up to now, the mechanisms and functions associated with Trop-2 have been extensively studied in a variety of solid tumors. According to these findings, Trop-2 plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In addition, Trop-2 related drugs are also being developed widely. There are a number of Trop-2 related ADC drugs that have demonstrated potent antitumor activity and are currently been studied, such as Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) and Datopotamab Deruxtecan (Dato-Dxd). In this study, we reviewed the progress of Trop-2 research in solid tumors. We also sorted out the composition and rationale of Trop-2 related drugs and summarized the related clinical trials. Finally, we discussed the current status of Trop-2 research and expanded our perspectives on its future research directions. Importantly, we found that Trop-2 targeted ADCs have great potential for combination with other antitumor therapies. Trop-2 targeted ADCs can reprogramme tumor microenvironment through multiple signaling pathways, ultimately activating antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/Lishui Central Hospital and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, China
| | - Jili Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haiqi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Moretto R, Germani MM, Giordano M, Conca V, Proietti A, Niccoli C, Pietrantonio F, Lonardi S, Tamburini E, Zaniboni A, Passardi A, Latiano TP, Fanotto V, Di Donato S, Prisciandaro M, Bergamo F, Masi G, Fontanini G, Ugolini C, Cremolini C. Trop-2 and Nectin-4 immunohistochemical expression in metastatic colorectal cancer: searching for the right population for drugs' development. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1391-1399. [PMID: 36759721 PMCID: PMC10049995 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trop-2 and Nectin-4 are transmembrane proteins overexpressed in many tumours and targets of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the role of Trop-2 and Nectin-4 has been poorly investigated. METHODS Tumour samples of patients randomised in the phase III TRIBE2 were assessed for Trop-2 and Nectin-4 expression. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-six tumours were assessed for Trop-2 expression. 90 (23%), 115 (30%) and 181 (47%) were Trop-2 high, medium and low, respectively. Patients with low Trop-2 tumours achieved longer PFS (12 versus 9.9 months, p = 0.047) and OS (27.3 versus 21.3 months, p = 0.015) than those with high/medium Trop-2 tumours. These findings were confirmed in multivariate analysis (p = 0.022 and p = 0.023, respectively). A greater OS benefit from treatment intensification with FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab was observed in patients with high/medium Trop-2 tumours (p-for-interaction = 0.041). Two hundred fifty-one tumours were assessed for Nectin-4 expression. Fourteen (5%), 67 (27%) and 170 (68%) were high, medium and low, respectively. No prognostic impact was observed based on Nectin-4 expression and no interaction effect was reported between Nectin-4 expression groups and treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS In mCRC, expression levels of Trop-2 and Nectin-4 are heterogeneous, suggesting a target-driven development of anti-Trop2 and anti-Nectin-4 ADCs. Medium/high Trop-2 expression is associated with worse prognosis and higher benefit from chemotherapy intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Germani
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirella Giordano
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Conca
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnese Proietti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Niccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Emiliano Tamburini
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Rimini, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Cardinale Panico Tricase City Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valentina Fanotto
- Department of Oncology, ASUFC University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Samantha Di Donato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santo Stefano General Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | - Michele Prisciandaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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TROP2: a potential marker in diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:99-103. [PMID: 35355197 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The human trophoblast cell surface antigen (TROP-2), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has recently been investigated as a valuable marker of thyroid epithelial neoplasms. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic utility of TROP2 in thyroid neoplasms. METHODS A total of 308 cases, including 170 cases of different PTC variants, 50 cases of benign and non-neoplastic lesions, and 86 cases of other neoplasms (NIFT-P, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, Hürthle cell carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma), were included in this study. Only membranous staining with TROP2 was considered positive. RESULTS In PTC, classical (n = 35), tall cell (n = 41), follicular (n = 39), solid (n = 19), hobnail (n = 10), Warthin-like (n = l0), columnar (n = 7), and oncocytic variant (n = 9) were 100%, 97.6%, 5.1%, 42.1%, 90%, 90%, 28.6%, and 33.3% positive, respectively. A negative reaction was observed in all 50 cases of benign and non-neoplastic lesions and also in surrounding normal thyroid tissue in all cases. Negative reactions were observed in 83 (n = 86) of other thyroid neoplasms including NIFT-P (n = 20), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n = 10), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n = 10), follicular thyroid carcinoma (n = 18), Hürthle cell carcinoma (n = 18), and medullary thyroid carcinoma (n = 10). Only focal positivity was observed in three Hürthle cell carcinoma cases. CONCLUSION TROP2 was a helpful marker for differentiating PTC, especially in the classic, tall cell, hobnail, and Warthin-like variants, benign and non-neoplastic lesions, and other neoplasms of the thyroid.
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Liu X, Deng J, Yuan Y, Chen W, Sun W, Wang Y, Huang H, Liang B, Ming T, Wen J, Huang B, Xing D. Advances in Trop2-targeted therapy: Novel agents and opportunities beyond breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108296. [PMID: 36208791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trop2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and calcium signal transducer with limited expression in normal human tissues. It is consistently overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and participates in several oncogenic signaling pathways that lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. As a result, Trop2 has become an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy™, sacituzumab govitecan) has been approved to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. However, it is still unclear whether the success observed in Trop2-positive breast cancer could be replicated in other tumor types, owing to the differences in the expression levels and functions of Trop2 across cancer types. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the structures and functions of Trop2 and highlight the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of Trop2 beyond breast cancer. In addition, the promising novel Trop2-targeted agents in the clinic were discussed, which will likely alter the therapeutic landscape of Trop2-positive tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenshe Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Ming
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jialian Wen
- School of Social Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Binghuan Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Kılınc E, Gunes P, Doganer A. TROP2 is a Good Indicator for Infiltrative Nature of Carcinoma Rather than Diagnosing Malignancy in Thyroid. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:2560-2568. [PMID: 36452626 PMCID: PMC9702226 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TROP2 is a glycoprotein which is expressed in carcinomas rather than normal tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistohemical TROP2 staining was determined to be useful for diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we aimed to find out relationship between TROP-2 expression and the diagnosis of PTC, and clinico pathological parameters. This retrospective study was conducted on 270 cases (145 malignant and 124 benign). All histopathological parameters were re-evaluated blindly. We used 3 different scores for positivity for TROP2 expression (TES: Total estimation score, 5%, IRS:Immunoreactive score). Sensitivity was respectively according to TES, 5%and IRS; 55.5%, 54.1%, 51.4%. Specificity was 98.4% in all different scores. TROP2 positivity was correlated with older age in 5% score and TES. Absence of encapsulation, presence of infiltrating spreading, perineural invasion, extra thyroidal extension, tall cell and/or hobnail differentiation were associated with TROP2 expression in three different scores. Presence of lymphatic invasion was correlated with TROP2 positivity in 5% score and IRS. TROP2 expression was inversely proportional to follicular variant PTC and tumour size in 5% score. TROP-2 is a marker for aggressive behaviour rather than detecting malignancy, but if it stained and not malignant, it may also have potential for determining precursor lesion that demands further studies. Additionally, in 3 different scores, TES was most sensitive, but most variable that had correlation with TROP2 was seen at 5% score.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kılınc
- Pathology Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - P. Gunes
- Pathology Department, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Doganer
- Biostatistics Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Seok JY, Fan X. TROP-2 and 5hmC expression in follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasm emphasizing tiny well-formed papillae. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 57:151903. [PMID: 35121239 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms (FPTNs), characterized by predominantly follicular growth pattern, represent diverse pathological entities. We aimed to study the nuclear features and the immunoexpression of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in FPTNs. DESIGN FPTNs were divided into 4 groups: I) noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), II) encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) with capsular invasion, III) infiltrative FVPTC, and IV) PTC with a predominantly follicular pattern and well-formed papillae (<1%). Nuclear characteristics were evaluated by image analysis. TROP-2 and 5hmC immunostains were analyzed correlating with histological features using QuPath. RESULTS From the group I to II, III, and IV, there is a gradual increase in nuclear atypia in terms of the nuclear area, max caliper, perimeter, circularity, and hematoxylin OD means (corresponding to nuclear enlargement, membrane irregularity, and clearing). A similar trend is observed in the TROP-2 expression. 5hmC expression is highly preserved in groups I, II, and III in contrast to a significant loss in group IV. Group IV tumors show more frequent regional lymph node involvement and the highest BRAF V600E mutation rate. CONCLUSION Among FPTNs, group IV tumors exhibit the most advanced nuclear atypia, highest TROP-2 expression, significant 5HMC expression loss, frequent regional lymph node involvement, and the highest BRAF V600E mutation rate. Our data further support that the presence of any true papillae should be an exclusion criterion for NIFTP. Therefore, well-formed papillae even if very minute (<1% of the tumor) should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Seok
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuemo Fan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lam AK, Bai A, Leung M. Whole-Slide Imaging: Updates and Applications in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2534:197-213. [PMID: 35670977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2505-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whole-slide imaging (WSI) has wide spectrum of application in histopathology, especially in the study of cancer including papillary thyroid carcinoma. The main applications of WSI system include research, teaching, and assessment and recently pathology practices. The other major advantages of WSI over histological sections on glass slides are easier storage and sharing of information as well as adaptation of use in artificial intelligence. The applications of WSI depend on factors such as volume of services requiring WSI, physical factors (computer server, bandwidth limitation of networks, storages requirements for data), adaption of the WSI images with the laboratory workflow, personnel (IT expert, pathologist, technicians) adaptation to the WSI workflow, validation studies, ethics, and cost efficiency of the application(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Alfa Bai
- ACT GENOMICS (HONG KONG) LTD, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Melissa Leung
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Liao S, Wang B, Zeng R, Bao H, Chen X, Dixit R, Xing X. Recent advances in trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 targeted therapy for solid tumors. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1096-1110. [PMID: 34462935 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop 2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various cancer types with relatively low or no baseline expression in most normal tissues. Its overexpression is associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis; Trop 2 is, therefore, an ideal therapeutic target for epithelial cancers. Several Trop 2 targeted therapeutics have recently been developed for the treatment of cancers, such as anti-Trop 2 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), as well as Trop 2-specific cell therapy. In particular, the safety and clinical benefit of Trop 2-based ADCs have been demonstrated in clinical trials across multiple tumor types, including those with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer, platinum-resistant urothelial cancer, and heavily pretreated non-small cell lung cancer. In this review, we elaborate on recent advances in Trop 2 targeted modalities and provide an overview of novel insights for future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Bao
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- Department of Consultation, Bionavigen LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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Biomarker analyses in the phase III ASCENT study of sacituzumab govitecan versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1148-1156. [PMID: 34116144 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pivotal phase III ASCENT trial demonstrated improved survival outcomes associated with sacituzumab govitecan (SG), an anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (anti-Trop-2) antibody-drug conjugate linked with the topoisomerase-inhibitor SN-38, over single-agent chemotherapy treatment of physician's choice (TPC) in previously treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). This prespecified, exploratory biomarker analysis from the ASCENT trial evaluates the association between tumor Trop-2 expression and germline BRCA1/2 mutation status with clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mTNBC refractory to or progressing after two or more prior chemotherapies, with one or more in the metastatic setting, were randomized to receive SG (10 mg/kg intravenously days 1 and 8, every 21 days) or TPC (capecitabine, eribulin, vinorelbine, or gemcitabine) until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Biopsy or surgical specimens were collected at study entry to determine Trop-2 expression level using a validated immunohistochemistry assay and histochemical scoring. Germline BRCA1/2 mutation status was collected at baseline. RESULTS Of 468 assessable patients, 290 had Trop-2 expression data [64% (n = 151 SG) versus 60% (n = 139 TPC)] and 292 had known BRCA1/2 mutation status [63% (n = 149 SG) versus 61% (n = 143 TPC)]. Median progression-free survival in SG- versus TPC-treated patients was 6.9, 5.6, and 2.7 months versus 2.5, 2.2, and 1.6 months for high, medium, and low Trop-2 expression, respectively. Median overall survival (14.2, 14.9, and 9.3 months versus 6.9, 6.9, and 7.6 months) and objective response rates (44%, 38%, and 22% versus 1%, 11%, and 6%) were numerically higher with SG versus TPC in patients with high, medium, and low Trop-2 expression, respectively. Efficacy outcomes were numerically higher with SG versus TPC in patients with and without germline BRCA1/2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS SG benefits patients with previously treated mTNBC expressing high/medium Trop-2 compared with standard-of-care chemotherapy and regardless of germline BRCA1/2 mutation status. The small number of patients with low Trop-2 expression precludes definitive conclusions on the benefit of SG in this subgroup.
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Seok JY, Astvatsaturyan K, Peralta-Venturina MD, Lai J, Fan X. TROP-2, 5hmC, and IDH1 Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2020; 29:368-377. [PMID: 33289434 DOI: 10.1177/1066896920978597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a highly aggressive malignancy, has no effective treatment to date. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been suggested to be a promising novel target for sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) has a role in tumor suppression and promoting modification. Additionally, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations are strongly associated with increased overall survival in gliomas and worse prognosis in leukemias. This study attempts to evaluate the immunoexpression of TROP-2, 5hmC, and IDH1 in ATCs and to determine their potential impact in targeted therapy. METHODS Twenty-four ATCs were retrieved, with 9 cases that occurred de novo and 15 cases derived from either papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Sections were immunostained with TROP-2, 5hmC, and IDH1 antibodies, and evaluated using the QuPath program. The t tests were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS TROP-2 was detected in 12 ATCs with 9 cases demonstrating a high expression and in all PTC components, and absent in all FTC components of secondary ATCs. 5hmC expression was moderately reduced in PTC and FTC components and markedly reduced in ATC. The entire cohort showed a total absence of IDH1. CONCLUSIONS Increased TROP-2 immunoexpression in some ATCs supports that these patients may potentially benefit from an antibody-drug conjugate therapy targeting TROP-2. Markedly reduced 5hmC expression suggests that 5hmC may be used as potential therapeutic targets for ATC. The total lack of IDH1 R132H mutation by immunostain indicates that it has no prognostic and therapeutic value in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Seok
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 548288Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Astvatsaturyan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 548288Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jinping Lai
- 23542Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xuemo Fan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 548288Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Diagnostic Value of TROP2 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:218-222. [PMID: 33264108 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most common primary malignant thyroid lesion in all age groups. As diagnosis of PTC could be challenging in some cases and borderline nuclear features could be seen in some benign mimickers, several immunohistochemical markers are proposed to be helpful for making the correct diagnosis. In this study the authors investigated the diagnostic value of transmembrane glycoprotein (TROP2) for differentiating PTC from other thyroid follicular lesions. A total of 155 total thyroidectomy specimens including 84 cases of PTC and 71 cases of non-PTC were investigated. Among non-PTC group, 45 cases were follicular neoplasms and 26 cases were Hashimoto thyroiditis. TROP2 expression was observed in 82 of 84 cases of PTC group. In contrast only 5 cases of non-PTC group, all from Hashimoto thyroiditis specimens, showed positive expression. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of TROP2 for diagnosis of PTC was 98%, 93%, 94%, and 97%, respectively. The authors concluded that high sensitivity and specificity of TROP2 as well as its uniform negative reaction in follicular adenoma and carcinoma makes it a valuable immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of PTC.
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Lenárt S, Lenárt P, Šmarda J, Remšík J, Souček K, Beneš P. Trop2: Jack of All Trades, Master of None. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3328. [PMID: 33187148 PMCID: PMC7696911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a widely expressed glycoprotein and an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) family member. Although initially identified as a transmembrane protein, other subcellular localizations and processed forms were described. Its congenital mutations cause a gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, a disease characterized by loss of barrier function in corneal epithelial cells. Trop2 is considered a stem cell marker and its expression associates with regenerative capacity in various tissues. Trop2 overexpression was described in tumors of different origins; however, functional studies revealed both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles. Nevertheless, therapeutic potential of Trop2 was recognized and clinical studies with drug-antibody conjugates have been initiated in various cancer types. One of these agents, sacituzumab govitecan, has been recently granted an accelerated approval for therapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the yet controversial function of Trop2 in homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Lenárt
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
| | - Peter Lenárt
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
| | - Ján Remšík
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beneš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Choden S, Keelawat S, Jung CK, Bychkov A. An affordable immunohistochemical approach to estimate the prevalence of BRAFV600E in large cohort studies-establishing the baseline rate of BRAF mutation in an institutional series of papillary thyroid carcinoma from Thailand. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1867-1877. [PMID: 33224862 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of diagnoses of thyroid carcinoma. BRAFV600E mutation is the most common genetic alteration in PTC, which has diagnostic and prognostic significance. The rate of BRAFV600E mutation in PTC from Thailand has not been reported. Our purpose was to estimate the prevalence of BRAF mutation in a large institutional series using an affordable approach, which combined mutation-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) with VE1 antibody and tissue microarray (TMA). Methods A total of 476 PTC cases plotted on TMA were employed for determining the mutation status in this study. The cancer tissue of initial 100 cases (pilot study) were analyzed for BRAFV600E mutation by using both direct sequencing and VE1 immunostaining. For the subsequent PTC cases, VE1 IHC was used as an alternative to direct sequencing for the detection of mutation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine the association of clinicopathological variables with BRAFV600E mutation. Results In the pilot study, VE1 IHC showed excellent analytical performance (κ=0.884) for detecting BRAFV600E mutation in PTC TMA as compared to direct sequencing. The prevalence of BRAFV600E in the whole cohort was 60.9% by using VE1 IHC. The mutation was commonly seen in tall cell (92.9%) and classic (70.2%) variants of PTC. Multivariate analysis (P<0.05) showed association of BRAFV600E with histological type of tumor, extrathyroidal extension, and absence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Conclusions In conclusion, BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 60.9% of Thai PTC and it was associated with several aggressive clinicopathological variables of thyroid cancer. VE1 IHC proved as a reliable method able to replace direct sequencing for detection of the mutation. A combination of mutation-specific IHC and TMA allows conducting large cohort studies more labor-saving and cost-efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Choden
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Girolami I, Marletta S, Pantanowitz L, Torresani E, Ghimenton C, Barbareschi M, Scarpa A, Brunelli M, Barresi V, Trimboli P, Eccher A. Impact of image analysis and artificial intelligence in thyroid pathology, with particular reference to cytological aspects. Cytopathology 2020; 31:432-444. [PMID: 32248583 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid pathology has great potential for automated/artificial intelligence algorithm application as the incidence of thyroid nodules is increasing and the indeterminate interpretation rate of fine-needle aspiration remains relatively high. The aim of the study is to review the published literature on automated image analysis and artificial intelligence applications to thyroid pathology with whole-slide imaging. METHODS Systematic search was carried out in electronic databases. Studies dealing with thyroid pathology and use of automated algorithms applied to whole-slide imaging were included. Quality of studies was assessed with a modified QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS Of 919 retrieved articles, 19 were included. The main themes addressed were the comparison of automated assessment of immunohistochemical staining with manual pathologist's assessment, quantification of differences in cellular and nuclear parameters among tumour entities, and discrimination between benign and malignant nodules. Correlation coefficients with manual assessment were higher than 0.76 and diagnostic performance of automated models was comparable with an expert pathologist diagnosis. Computational difficulties were related to the large size of whole-slide images. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results are promising and it is likely that, with the resolution of technical issues, the application of automated algorithms in thyroid pathology will increase and be adopted following suitable validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Girolami
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evelin Torresani
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Competence Centre for Thyroid Disease, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zargari N, Mokhtari M. Evaluation of Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemistry Markers of TROP-2 and HBME-1 in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinoma. Eur Thyroid J 2019; 8:1-6. [PMID: 30800635 PMCID: PMC6381885 DOI: 10.1159/000494430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of thyroid tumors is based on histologic features, but the distinction between benign and malignant thyroid lesions is somehow difficult, especially in lesions with a follicular pattern. Thus, ancillary studies, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), may be helpful. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of 2 IHC markers, TROP-2 and HBME-1, in the diagnosis of thyroid cancers. STUDY DESIGN A total of 102 cases of thyroid lesions, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (classic variant) (29 cases), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (21 cases), multinodular goiter (22 cases), follicular adenoma (24 cases), and follicular carcinoma (6 cases) were selected. The hematoxylin-eosin slides were reviewed for confirmation of diagnosis, and IHC examination for TROP-2 and HBME-1 was performed. RESULT HBME-1 had 84% sensitivity and 98% specificity with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 98% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 83%. TROP-2 had 93% sensitivity and 74% specificity with a PPV of 81% and an NPV of 90% in malignant thyroid lesions. CONCLUSION IHC panel consisting of TROP-2 and HBME-1 can be used in equivocal follicular patterned lesions for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maral Mokhtari
- Pathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Parasitic nodules of thyroid: some insights into the origin and early evolution. Pathology 2019; 51:125-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Abdou AG, Shabaan M, Abdallha R, Nabil N. Diagnostic Value of TROP-2 and CK19 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Both Surgical and Cytological Specimens. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2019; 12:2632010X19863047. [PMID: 31384753 PMCID: PMC6647210 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x19863047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most common primary malignant thyroid tumor and its diagnosis is dependent on the presence of classic nuclear features that are sometimes seen in some non-neoplastic and benign lesions. Several immunohistochemical markers are used individually or in combination to help in differentiation of PTC from mimickers. The aim of the current study was to assess the diagnostic value of TROP-2 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression in differentiating PTC from other mimickers both singly and in combination. The current study was carried out on 77 surgical specimens (56 PTC and 21 non-neoplastic cases) and 12 cytological specimens (4 THY2, 6 THY4, and 2 THY5). TROP-2 was negative in 81% of non-neoplastic surgical specimens and in 100% of THY2 cytological specimens while it was positive in 71.4% of PTC surgical specimens and 100% of THY4/THY5 cytological specimens. Sensitivity and specificity of TROP-2 positive expression for diagnosis of PTC in surgical specimens reached 71% and 81%, respectively, while it reached 100% for both in cytological specimens. Cytokeratin 19 showed positive expression in 85.7% of non-neoplastic surgical specimens and in 92.9% of PTC surgical specimens. Cytokeratin 19 showed negative expression in 75% of Thy2 cases while it was positive in all studied Thy4 and Thy5 cases. Sensitivity and specificity of CK19 total estimated score for diagnosis of PTC in surgical specimens were 78.6% and 66.7%, respectively, while it reached 100% and 75% in cytological specimens. Positive TROP-2 and CK19 expression in PTC were associated with lymph node metastasis. TROP-2 is a specific rather than sensitive marker while CK19 is a sensitive rather than specific marker in differentiating PTC from other mimickers in surgical specimens. The diagnostic validity of both markers was superior in diagnosis of classic PTC compared with follicular variant PTC. TROP-2 is superior to CK19 in diagnosis of PTC in cytological specimens. Both TROP-2 and CK19 could be used preoperatively in adjunct to hematoxylin and eosin for more confident diagnosis of thyroid cytology and along with radiology as predictors of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shabaan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdallha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Nehal Nabil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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Yang X, Hu Y, Shi H, Zhang C, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen H, Zhang L, Cui D. The diagnostic value of TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2127-2134. [PMID: 29951933 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore some novel diagnostic biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by identifying the different expression of TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. METHODS We evaluated the mRNA expressions of TROP-2 and SLP-2 in fine needle aspirates (FNAs) which contained 10 PTCs and 10 benign follicular adenomas (FAs) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 was also performed on postoperative samples of 30 PTCs and 29 FAs. Membranous or cytoplasmic staining in > 10% of cells was considered as positive. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of these three biomarkers were carried out. We further analyzed the associations between the clinical features and the expressions of markers in PTCs. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of both TROP-2 and SLP-2 were increased substantially in PTCs in comparison with those in FAs (P < 0.05). Similarly, IHC for these two proteins demonstrated higher positive staining in PTCs than in FAs (96.5% vs. 12.5% for TROP-2, 83.3% vs. 20.7% for SLP-2, P < 0.05). Conversely, CD56 expression was lost with 86.7% of PTCs. In identifying malignancy, TROP-2 was the most sensitive marker and CD56 was the most specific one. When the markers were combined, the sensitivity and NPV increased to 100% and had better diagnostic accuracy. However, no association was found between biomarker expressions and clinicopathological factors in PTCs. CONCLUSIONS We found that TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 were effective diagnostic markers for PTC, especially when they were combined to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - He Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengzhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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Epithelial hyperplasia is responsible for the compensatory enlargement of remaining thyroid lobe after thyroidectomy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2417-2419. [PMID: 29480335 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-4915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Qiao J, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang S, Gao S. HBME-1 expression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and its correlation with the ultrasonic manifestation of thyroid. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6505-6510. [PMID: 29151906 PMCID: PMC5678245 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated expression of the protein human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma tissues, and analyzed its correlation with ultrasonic manifestation of thyroid. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining method was used to measure the expression of HBME-1 in patient with nodular goiter (control group), papillary differentiated thyroid carcinoma (papillary carcinoma group) and follicular differentiated thyroid carcinoma (follicular carcinoma group) to investigate the differences in expression of HBME-1. We further analyzed the correlation of the expression of HBME-1 in the papillary carcinoma group and the follicular carcinoma group with ultrasonic manifestation of thyroid. In both the papillary carcinoma group and the follicular carcinoma group, the levels of HBME-1 in affected tissues and the IHS score of HBME-1 expression were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). In the papillary carcinoma group, the mean IHS score of HBME-1 expression in affected tissues was higher than in the follicular carcinoma group (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in comparison to HBME-1 expression in affected tissues between the papillary carcinoma group and the follicular carcinoma group (p>0.05). Between the papillary carcinoma group and the follicular carcinoma group, the differences in the comparison of the nodule diameter, echo, shape, boundary, calcification and blood flow signal were statistically significant (p<0.05), but incidence rate of enlargement of cervical lymph nodules between the groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among patients in the papillary carcinoma group, the comparison of the nodule diameter, echo, shape, boundary, calcification and blood flow signal between the HBME-1-positive patients and the HBME-1-negative patients showed no statistical significance (p>0.05), but in the nodules of HBME-1-positive patients, the proportion of blood flow signal was higher than that in the nodules of HBME-1-negative patients. Among patients in the follicular carcinoma group, there was no statistically significant differences in the comparison of ultrasonic manifestation of thyroid (p>0.05). Therefore, there are difference in HBME-1 expression and ultrasonic manifestations of thyroid in patients with papillary carcinoma and follicular differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Qiao
- Longnan Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Longnan Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Longnan Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyan Wang
- Daqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163312, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Longnan Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
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24
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Keelawat S, Rangdaeng S, Koonmee S, Jitpasutham T, Bychkov A. Current Status of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice in Thailand. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:565-570. [PMID: 29161789 PMCID: PMC5700881 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies in Thailand increasingly prevalent in the female population. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a widely used diagnostic tool for evaluation of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Thyroid FNA is a routine procedure universally performed in Thai hospitals by a variety of clinical specialists. Manual guidance is the first-line choice complemented by ultrasound assistance in selected cases. Despite national guidelines recommendations, the diagnostic criteria and terminology of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was slowly adopted in the local settings. Currently, the Bethesda system is actively promoted by the local professional societies as a uniform reporting system. Experience with thyroid FNA has been rarely reported to date-only a handful of publications are available in local journals. Our review, in addition to presenting various aspects of thyroid FNA in Thailand, established for the first time national references for a certain statistical outputs of TBSRTC based on the original multi-institutional cohort. The risk of malignancy in 2,017 operated thyroid nodules collected from three tertiary thyroid cancer centers was 21.7%, 14.7%, 35.9%, 44.4%, 76.7%, and 92.6% for categories I to VI, respectively. The malignancy risk in several diagnostic categories (II to IV) was higher than the risk estimated by TBSRTC and recent meta-analysis studies. We endorse the use of uniform terminology of the Bethesda system in Thailand, which will help facilitate communication among diverse medical professionals involved in the management of patients with thyroid nodules, to share local experience with the international audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Samreung Rangdaeng
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supinda Koonmee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tikamporn Jitpasutham
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Aberrant expression of CD20 in thyroid cancer and its clinicopathologic significance. Hum Pathol 2017; 71:74-83. [PMID: 29079175 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CD20 is the first-line diagnostic marker of B-cells, which serves as the target of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Recently, aberrant CD20 expression has been described in a small series of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). We aimed to evaluate CD20 immunoexpression and to perform clinicopathologic correlation in a large set of thyroid tumors, including a cohort of high-grade thyroid cancer. A total of 625 cases of thyroid tumor comprised tissue microarrays of 538 PTCs and 47 follicular adenomas, and whole-slide sections of 40 aggressive thyroid carcinomas (10 radioiodine-refractory PTCs and 8 poorly differentiated, 5 anaplastic, and 17 medullary thyroid carcinomas) were immunostained with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. BRAFV600E mutation was tested by direct sequencing in 478 cancers. Our study found that a small subset of PTCs (<10%, mainly of classic variant) exhibited aberrant membranous expression of CD20. These tumors displayed less aggressive histological features and had a lower prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation. We also discovered that CD20 expression was maintained in 6%-20% of aggressive thyroid cancers but not observed in follicular adenomas. All CD20-positive tumor cells were negative for CD79a and PAX5. Aberrant expression of CD20 by thyroid cancer cells may present a diagnostic pitfall in cytologic evaluation of thyroid and cervical masses. Residual expression of CD20 in aggressive cancers may offer promise for translational implications, which merits further experimental investigation.
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26
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Bychkov A, Keelawat S. Epstein-Barr virus and thyroid cancer: the controversy remains. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:891-892. [PMID: 28560569 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - S Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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27
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PSMA expression by microvasculature of thyroid tumors - Potential implications for PSMA theranostics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5202. [PMID: 28701709 PMCID: PMC5507885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer epithelium, making it a promising target for molecular imaging and therapy. Recently, several studies found unexpected PSMA radiotracer uptake by thyroid tumors, including radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) cancers. PSMA expression was reported in tumor-associated endothelium of various malignancies, however it has not been systematically addressed in thyroid tumors. We found that PSMA was frequently expressed in microvessels of thyroid tumors (120/267), but not in benign thyroid tissue. PSMA expression in neovasculature was highly irregular ranging from 19% in benign tumors to over 50% in thyroid cancer. Such heterogeneity was not directly attributed to endothelial cell proliferation as confirmed by immunostaining with proliferation-associated endothelial marker CD105. PSMA expression was associated with tumor size (p = 0.02) and vascular invasion in follicular carcinoma (p = 0.03), but not with other baseline histological, and clinical parameters. Significant translational implication is that RAIR tumors and high-grade cancers maintain high level of PSMA expression, and can be targeted by PSMA ligand radiopharmaceuticals. Our study predicts several pitfalls potentially associated with PSMA imaging of the thyroid, such as low expression in oncocytic tumors, absence of organ specificity, and PSMA-positivity in dendritic cells of chronic thyroiditis, which is described for the first time.
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28
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Bychkov A. A pathologist's perspective on thyroid cancer trends in Thailand. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 47:133-134. [PMID: 28274695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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