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Menadi S, Kucuk B, Cacan E. Promoter Hypomethylation Upregulates ANXA2 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer and is Associated with Poor Prognosis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2721-2742. [PMID: 38001391 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the world's most aggressive and deadly cancers, owing to non-specific early clinical symptoms, late-stage diagnosis, and poor survival. Therefore, it is critical to identify specific biomarkers for its early diagnosis. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that has been reported to be upregulated in several cancer types, making it an emerging biomarker and potential cancer therapeutic target. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of ANXA2 overexpression is still unclear. It is well established that genetic and epigenetic alterations may lead to widespread dysregulation of gene expression. Hence, in this study, we focused on exploring the regulatory mechanism of ANXA2 by investigating the transcriptional profile, methylation pattern, somatic mutation, and prognostic value of ANXA2 in PC using several bioinformatics databases. Our results revealed that the expression levels of ANXA2 were remarkably increased in PC tissues comparing to normal tissues. Furthermore, the high expression of ANXA2 was significantly related to the poor prognosis of PC patients. More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that the ANXA2 promoter is hypomethylated in PC tissues compared to normal tissues which may result in ANXA2 overexpression in PC. However, more experimental research is required to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Menadi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Burak Kucuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey.
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2
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Ramírez-Mena A, Andrés-León E, Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alcala-Fdez J. Explainable artificial intelligence to predict and identify prostate cancer tissue by gene expression. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 240:107719. [PMID: 37453366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in men worldwide. Traditional screening strategies such as serum PSA levels, which are not necessarily cancer-specific, or digital rectal exams, which are often inconclusive, are still the screening methods used for the disease. Some studies have focused on identifying biomarkers of the disease but none have been reported for diagnosis in routine clinical practice and few studies have provided tools to assist the pathologist in the decision-making process when analyzing prostate tissue. Therefore, a classifier is proposed to predict the occurrence of PCa that provides physicians with accurate predictions and understandable explanations. METHODS A selection of 47 genes was made based on differential expression between PCa and normal tissue, GO gene ontology as well as the literature to be used as input predictors for different machine learning methods based on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence. These methods were trained using different class-balancing strategies to build accurate classifiers using gene expression data from 550 samples from 'The Cancer Genome Atlas'. Our model was validated in four external cohorts with different ancestries, totaling 463 samples. In addition, a set of SHapley Additive exPlanations was provided to help clinicians understand the underlying reasons for each decision. RESULTS An in-depth analysis showed that the Random Forest algorithm combined with majority class downsampling was the best performing approach with robust statistical significance. Our method achieved an average sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 0.8 with an AUC of 0.84 across all databases. The relevance of DLX1, MYL9 and FGFR genes for PCa screening was demonstrated in addition to the important role of novel genes such as CAV2 and MYLK. CONCLUSIONS This model has shown good performance in 4 independent external cohorts of different ancestries and the explanations provided are consistent with each other and with the literature, opening a horizon for its application in clinical practice. In the near future, these genes, in combination with our model, could be applied to liquid biopsy to improve PCa screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ramírez-Mena
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer -University of Granada - Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra" (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, 18016, Spain.
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer -University of Granada - Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer -University of Granada - Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain.
| | - Jesus Alcala-Fdez
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
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3
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Yang J, Pei T, Su G, Duan P, Liu X. AnnexinA6: a potential therapeutic target gene for extracellular matrix mineralization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1201200. [PMID: 37727505 PMCID: PMC10506415 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1201200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential and crucial process for physiological bone formation and pathological calcification. The abnormal function of ECM mineralization contributes to the worldwide risk of developing mineralization-related diseases; for instance, vascular calcification is attributed to the hyperfunction of ECM mineralization, while osteoporosis is due to hypofunction. AnnexinA6 (AnxA6), a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, has been extensively reported as an essential target in mineralization-related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, osteosarcoma, and calcific aortic valve disease. To date, AnxA6, as the largest member of the Annexin family, has attracted much attention due to its significant contribution to matrix vesicles (MVs) production and release, MVs-ECM interaction, cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx, and maturation of hydroxyapatite, making it an essential target in ECM mineralization. In this review, we outlined the recent advancements in the role of AnxA6 in mineralization-related diseases and the potential mechanisms of AnxA6 under normal and mineralization-related pathological conditions. AnxA6 could promote ECM mineralization for bone regeneration in the manner described previously. Therefore, AnxA6 may be a potential osteogenic target for ECM mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Huang B, Yang K. Comprehensive analysis the diagnosis, malignant progression and immune infiltrate of ANXA6 in prostate cancer. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1197-1209. [PMID: 37311953 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexins (ANXAs) play a crucial role in the development and progression of tumors. However, their specific involvement in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the function and clinical significance of key ANXAs in PCa. METHODS Multiple databases were used to analyze the expression levels, genetic variations, potential prognostic value and clinical significance of ANXAs in PCa. Then, the co-expressed genes of ANXA6 were identified, and the correlation between ANXA6 and immune cell infiltration was validated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. Additionally, in vitro assays such as Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Colony Formation, Transwell and T-cell Chemotaxis assays were conducted to validate the functions of ANXA6. Moreover, multiple types of in vivo assays were performed to further validate the identified ANXA6 functions. RESULTS The results demonstrated that ANXA2, ANXA6 and ANXA8 were significantly downregulated in PCa. ANXA6 upregulation was significantly associated with improved PCa patients' overall survival. Enrichment analysis revealed that ANXA6 and its co-expressed genes were involved in tumor progression, and ANXA6 overexpression could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. In vivo studies also demonstrated that ANXA6 overexpression suppressed tumor growth. Importantly, ANXA6 was found to promote the chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells towards PC-3 cells, and the overexpression of ANXA6 in PC-3 cells promoted the polarization of macrophages into M1 macrophages in the supernatant of PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS ANXA6 demonstrated promising potential for consideration as a prognostic biomarker in PCa as it was found to play key roles in regulating immune cell infiltration and the malignant progression to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banggao Huang
- Urology& Nephrology Center, Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kewei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Jain DP, Dinakar YH, Kumar H, Jain R, Jain V. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer-a review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:481-498. [PMID: 37842237 PMCID: PMC10571058 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most prominent form of cancer in men and confers the highest mortality after lung cancer. The term "extracellular vesicles" refers to minute endosomal-derived membrane microvesicles and it was demonstrated that extracellular vesicles affect the environment in which tumors originate. Extracellular vesicles' involvement is also established in the development of drug resistance, angiogenesis, stemness, and radioresistance in various cancers including prostate cancer. Extracellular vesicles influence the general environment, processes, and growth of prostate cancer and can be a potential area that offers a significant lead in prostate cancer therapy. In this review, we have elaborated on the multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles in various processes involved in the development of prostate cancer, and their multitude of applications in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer through the encapsulation of various bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Prakash Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Yirivinti Hayagreeva Dinakar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
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Schafer C, Young D, Singh H, Jayakrishnan R, Banerjee S, Song Y, Dobi A, Petrovics G, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, Sesterhenn IA, Chesnut GT, Tan SH. Development and characterization of an ETV1 rabbit monoclonal antibody for the immunohistochemical detection of ETV1 expression in cancer tissue specimens. J Immunol Methods 2023; 518:113493. [PMID: 37196930 PMCID: PMC10802095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant ETV1 overexpression arising from gene rearrangements or mutations occur frequently in prostate cancer, round cell sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gliomas, and other malignancies. The absence of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has limited its detection and our understanding of its oncogenic function. METHODS An ETV1 specific rabbit mAb (29E4) was raised using an immunogenic peptide. Key residues essential for its binding were probed by ELISA and its binding kinetics were measured by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). Its selective binding to ETV1 was assessed by immunoblots and immunofluorescence assays (IFA), and by both single and double-immuno-histochemistry (IHC) assays on prostate cancer tissue specimens. RESULTS Immunoblot results showed that the mAb is highly specific and lacked cross-reactivity with other ETS factors. A minimal epitope with two phenylalanine residues at its core was found to be required for effective mAb binding. SPRi measurements revealed an equilibrium dissociation constant in the picomolar range, confirming its high affinity. ETV1 (+) tumors were detected in prostate cancer tissue microarray cases evaluated. IHC staining of whole-mounted sections revealed glands with a mosaic staining pattern of cells that are partly ETV1 (+) and interspersed with ETV1 (-) cells. Duplex IHC, using ETV1 and ERG mAbs, detected collision tumors containing glands with distinct ETV1 (+) and ERG (+) cells. CONCLUSIONS The selective detection of ETV1 by the 29E4 mAb in immunoblots, IFA, and IHC assays using human prostate tissue specimens reveals a potential utility for the diagnosis, the prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma and other cancers, and the stratification of patients for treatment by ETV1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Schafer
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rahul Jayakrishnan
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sreedatta Banerjee
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Yingjie Song
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Gregory T Chesnut
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Shyh-Han Tan
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
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7
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Bahari Khasraghi L, Nouri M, Vazirzadeh M, Hashemipour N, Talebi M, Aghaei Zarch F, Majidpoor J, Kalhor K, Farnia P, Najafi S, Aghaei Zarch SM. MicroRNA-206 in human cancer: Mechanistic and clinical perspectives. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110525. [PMID: 36400383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 20-25 nt in length, play important roles via directly binding to the corresponding 3' UTR of target mRNAs. Recent research has shown that miRNAs cover a wide range of diseases, including several types of cancer. It is interesting to note that miR-206 operates as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in abundant cancer types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and so forth. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have also reported that miR-206 could function as an oncogene and promote tumor cell proliferation. Thereby, miR-206 may act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. In addition, it was widely acknowledged that restoring tumor-suppressor miR-206 has emerged as an unconventional cancer therapy strategy. Therefore, miR-206 might be a newfangled procedure for achieving a more significant treatment outcome for cancer patients. This review summarizes the role of miR-206 in several cancer types and the contributions made between miR-206 and the diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bahari Khasraghi
- 15 khordad Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Nouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Vazirzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Kalhor
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Guo T, Chen G, Liu G, Song Q, Li G, Xu F, Dong X, Yang F, Cao C, Zhong D, Li S, Li Y, Wang M, Li B, Yang L. Annexin A protein family: Focusing on the occurrence, progression and treatment of cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1141331. [PMID: 36936694 PMCID: PMC10020606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1141331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The annexin A (ANXA) protein family is a well-known tissue-specific multigene family that encodes Ca2+ phospholipid-binding proteins. A considerable amount of literature is available on the abnormal expression of ANXA proteins in various malignant diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes. As critical regulatory molecules in cancer, ANXA proteins play an essential role in cancer progression, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recent studies about their structure, biological properties and functions in different types of cancers are briefly summarised in this review. We further discuss the use of ANXA as new class of targets in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guichun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Zhaoyuan City, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanghao Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Yang, ; Bing Li,
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Yang, ; Bing Li,
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9
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Guo C, Trivedi R, Tripathi AK, Nandy RR, Wagner DC, Narra K, Chaudhary P. Higher Expression of Annexin A2 in Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Promotes Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225664. [PMID: 36428758 PMCID: PMC9688257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to evaluate the significance of AnxA2 in BLCA and establish its metastatic role in bladder cancer cells. Analysis of TCGA data showed that AnxA2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in BLCA tumors than in normal bladder tissues. High mRNA expression of AnxA2 in BLCA was significantly associated with high pathological grades and stages, non-papillary tumor histology, and poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and diseases specific survival (DSS). Similarly, we found that AnxA2 expression was higher in bladder cancer cells derived from high-grade metastatic carcinoma than in cells derived from low-grade urothelial carcinoma. AnxA2 expression significantly mobilized to the surface of highly metastatic bladder cancer cells compared to cells derived from low-grade tumors and associated with high plasmin generation and AnxA2 secretion. In addition, the downregulation of AnxA2 cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer along with the reduction in proangiogenic factors and cytokines such as PDGF-BB, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, Tie-2, bFGF, GRO, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9. These findings suggest that AnxA2 could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for high-grade BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guo
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rucha Trivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Amit K. Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rajesh R. Nandy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Diana C. Wagner
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Kalyani Narra
- JPS Oncology and Infusion Center, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-5178
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10
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PTEN Protein Phosphatase Activity Is Not Required for Tumour Suppression in the Mouse Prostate. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101511. [PMID: 36291720 PMCID: PMC9599176 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss PTEN function is one of the most common events driving aggressive prostate cancers and biochemically, PTEN is a lipid phosphatase which opposes the activation of the oncogenic PI3K-AKT signalling network. However, PTEN also has additional potential mechanisms of action, including protein phosphatase activity. Using a mutant enzyme, PTEN Y138L, which selectively lacks protein phosphatase activity, we characterised genetically modified mice lacking either the full function of PTEN in the prostate gland or only lacking protein phosphatase activity. The phenotypes of mice carrying a single allele of either wild-type Pten or PtenY138L in the prostate were similar, with common prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and similar gene expression profiles. However, the latter group, lacking PTEN protein phosphatase activity additionally showed lymphocyte infiltration around PIN and an increased immune cell gene expression signature. Prostate adenocarcinoma, elevated proliferation and AKT activation were only frequently observed when PTEN was fully deleted. We also identify a common gene expression signature of PTEN loss conserved in other studies (including Nkx3.1, Tnf and Cd44). We provide further insight into tumour development in the prostate driven by loss of PTEN function and show that PTEN protein phosphatase activity is not required for tumour suppression.
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11
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Loss of miR-936 leads to acquisition of androgen-independent metastatic phenotype in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17070. [PMID: 36224238 PMCID: PMC9556567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progresses from a hormone-sensitive, androgen-dependent to a hormone-refractory, androgen-independent metastatic phenotype. Among the many genes implicated, ANXA2, a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, has been found to have a critical role in the progression of PCa into more invasive metastatic phenotype. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the absence of ANXA2 in early PCa and its recurrence in advanced stage are yet unknown. Moreover, recent studies have observed the deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In this study, we found the down-regulation of miR-936 in metastatic PCa wherein its target ANXA2 was overexpressed. Subsequently, it has been shown that the downregulation of miRNA biogenesis by siRNA treatment in ANXA2-null LNCaP cells could induce the expression of ANXA2, indicating the miRNA mediated regulation of ANXA2 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that miR-936 regulates ANXA2 expression by direct interaction at coding as well as 3'UTR region of ANXA2 mRNA by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-936 suppresses the cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and invasion abilities of metastatic PCa PC-3 cells in vitro and tumor forming ability in vivo. These results indicate that miR-936 have tumor suppressor properties by regulating the over expression of ANXA2 in hormone-independent metastatic PCa. Moreover, our results suggest that this tumor suppressor miR-936 could be developed as a targeted therapeutic molecule for metastatic PCa control and to improve the prognosis in PCa patients.
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Kalra RS, Soman GS, Parab PB, Mali AM, Varankar SS, Naik RR, Kamble SC, Dhanjal JK, Bapat SA. A monoclonal antibody against annexin A2 targets stem and progenitor cell fractions in tumors. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101257. [PMID: 34715620 PMCID: PMC8564672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel antibody (termed as mAb150) developed in our lab which targets annexin A2. Although there are earlier reports of another monoclonal antibody with the same target, the epitope recognized by mAb150 is novel. mAb150 is specifically recognized to target the achilles heel of cancer viz. cancer stem cells and progenitors that persist after treatments and potentially give rise to minimal residual disease.
The involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in driving tumor dormancy and drug resistance is well established. Most therapeutic regimens however are ineffective in targeting these regenerative populations. We report the development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody, mAb150, which targets the metastasis associated antigen, Annexin A2 (AnxA2) through recognition of a N-terminal epitope. Treatment with mAb150 potentiated re-entry of CSCs into the cell cycle that perturbed tumor dormancy and facilitated targeting of CSCs as was validated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Epigenetic potentiation further improved mAb150 efficacy in achieving total tumor regression by targeting regenerative populations to achieve tumor regression, specifically in high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar S Kalra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Gaurav S Soman
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Pradeep B Parab
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Avinash M Mali
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sagar S Varankar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW
| | - Rutika R Naik
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Swapnil C Kamble
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Jaspreet K Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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(20S) Ginsenoside Rh2 Inhibits STAT3/VEGF Signaling by Targeting Annexin A2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179289. [PMID: 34502195 PMCID: PMC8431727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) acts as a transcriptional signal transducer, converting cytokine stimulation into specific gene expression. In tumor cells, aberrant activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway leads to excessive and continuous activation of STAT3, which provides further signals for tumor cell growth and surrounding angiogenesis. In this process, the tumor-associated protein Annexin A2 interacts with STAT3 and promotes Tyr705 phosphorylation and STAT3 transcriptional activation. In this study, we found that (20S) ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a natural compound inhibitor of Annexin A2, inhibited STAT3 activity in HepG2 cells. (20S) G-Rh2 interfered with the interaction between Annexin A2 and STAT3, and inhibited Tyr705 phosphorylation and subsequent transcriptional activity. The inhibitory activity of STAT3 leaded to the negative regulation of the four VEGFs, which significantly reduced the enhanced growth and migration ability of HUVECs in co-culture system. In addition, (20S)G-Rh2 failed to inhibit STAT3 activity in cells overexpressing (20S)G-Rh2 binding-deficient Annexin A2-K301A mutant, further proving Annexin A2-mediated inhibition of STAT3 by (20S)G-Rh2. These results indicate that (20S)G-Rh2 is a potent inhibitor of STAT3, predicting the potential activity of (20S)G-Rh2 in targeted therapy applications.
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Guo J, Fang Q, Liu Y, Xie W, Zhang Y, Li C. Identifying critical protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma recurrence. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:264. [PMID: 33664827 PMCID: PMC7882882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is a very common type of intracranial tumor. Monitoring and predicting the postoperative recurrence of NFPAs is difficult, as these adenomas do not present with serum hormone hypersecretion. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and protein-coding genes (PCGs) play critical roles in the development and progression of numerous tumors. However, the complex network of RNA interactions related to the mechanisms underlying the postoperative recurrence of NFPA is still unclear. In the present study, 73 patients with NFPA were investigated using high-throughput sequencing and follow-up investigations. In total, 6 of these patients with recurrence within 1 year after surgery were selected as the fast recurrence group, and 6 patients with recurrence 5 years after surgery were selected as the slow recurrence group. By performing differential expression analysis of the fast recurrence and slow recurrence groups, a set of differentially expressed PCGs and lncRNAs were obtained (t-test, P<0.05). Next, protein-protein interaction coregulatory networks and lncRNA-mRNA coexpression networks were identified. In addition, the hub lncRNA-mRNA modules related to NFPA recurrence were further screened and transcriptome expression markers for NFPA regression were identified (log-rank test, P<0.05). Finally, the ability of the hub and module genes to predict recurrence and progression-free survival in patients with NFPA was evaluated. To confirm the credibility of the bioinformatic analyses, nucleolar protein 6 and LL21NC02-21A1.1 were randomly selected from among the genes with prognostic significance for validation by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in another set of NFPA samples (n=9). These results may be helpful for evaluating the slow and rapid recurrence of NFPA after surgery and exploring the mechanisms underlying NFPA recurrence. Future effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets may also be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Yulou Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Cell laboratory, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Cell laboratory, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing 100070, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
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