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de Souza EG, Peixoto JVC, Rank C, Petterle RR, Fogaça RTH, Wolska BM, Dias FAL. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Training on Exercise Capacity, Heart Rate Variability and Isolated Hearts in Diabetic Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 120:e20220396. [PMID: 36629606 PMCID: PMC9833297 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an alternative for continuous training (CT) in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to its short duration and potential to improve adherence to exercise. However, data on its impact on heart rate variability (HRV) are scarce. OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the effects of HIIT and CT on exercise capacity, HRV and isolated hearts in diabetic rats. METHODS DM (intravenous streptozotocin, 45 mg.kg -1 ) and control (C) animals performed 20 sessions (5 days/week, 50 min, for 4 weeks) of CT on a treadmill (70% of maximal exercise capacity) or HIIT (cycles of 1:1min at 50% and 90% of maximal exercise capacity). HRV was assessed by continuous electrocardiogram, and cardiac function assessed in isolated perfused hearts. For data analysis, we used the framework of the multivariate covariance generalized linear model or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS Higher exercise capacity (m/min) was achieved in HIIT (DM-HIIT: 36.5 [IQR 30.0-41.3]; C-HIIT: 41.5 [37.8-44.5], both n=10) compared to CT (DM-CT: 29.0 [23.8-33.0]; C-CT: 32.0 [29.5-37.0], both n=10) (p<0.001). Heart rate (bpm) was lower in DM compared to controls (p<0.001) both in vivo (DM-HIIT:348±51, C-HIIT:441±66, DM-CT:361±70, C-CT:437±38) and in isolated hearts. There were no differences in HRV between the groups. Maximum and minimal dP/dt were reduced in DM, except +dP/dt in DM-HIIT vs. C-HIIT (mean difference: 595.5±250.3, p=0.190). CONCLUSION Short-term HIIT promotes greater improvement in exercise performance compared to CT, including in DM, without causing significant changes in HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gomes de Souza
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FisiologiaCuritibaPRBrasil Universidade Federal do Paraná – Departamento de Fisiologia , Curitiba , PR – Brasil
| | - João Victor Capelli Peixoto
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FisiologiaCuritibaPRBrasil Universidade Federal do Paraná – Departamento de Fisiologia , Curitiba , PR – Brasil
| | - Claucio Rank
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FisiologiaCuritibaPRBrasil Universidade Federal do Paraná – Departamento de Fisiologia , Curitiba , PR – Brasil
| | - Ricardo Rasmussen Petterle
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de Medicina IntegradaCuritibaPRBrasil Universidade Federal do Paraná – Departamento de Medicina Integrada , Curitiba , PR – Brasil
| | - Rosalvo Tadeu Hochmuller Fogaça
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FisiologiaCuritibaPRBrasil Universidade Federal do Paraná – Departamento de Fisiologia , Curitiba , PR – Brasil
| | - Beata Maria Wolska
- University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisEUA University of Illinois at Chicago – Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago , Illinois – EUA
| | - Fernando Augusto Lavezzo Dias
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FisiologiaCuritibaPRBrasil Universidade Federal do Paraná – Departamento de Fisiologia , Curitiba , PR – Brasil
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Erukainure OL, Salau VF, Bharuth V, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Hyperglycemia alters lipid metabolism and ultrastructural morphology of cerebellum in brains of diabetic rats: Therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl) wine. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104849. [PMID: 32927025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) wine (RPW) on hyperglycemia-mediated lipid metabolites and pathways, functional chemistry and ultrastructural morphology of cerebellums in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding with 10% fructose ad libitum for 2 weeks before injecting intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) streptozotocin. Following confirmation of hyperglycemia at blood glucose >200 mg/dL, diabetic rats were treated with RPW at 150 and 300 mg/kg bw respectively. Metformin served as the standard drug. Negative and normal controls consisted of untreated diabetic and non-diabetic rats, respectively. After 5 weeks of treatment, the rats were humanely sacrificed, and their cerebellum excised from the harvested brains. GC-MS analysis revealed significant alterations in cerebellar lipid metabolites depicted by changes in unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, fatty - esters, alcohols, and amides, glycols and steroids on induction of T2D. Pathway enrichment analysis of the lipid metabolites revealed inactivation of arachidonic metabolic pathway following T2D induction. Treatment with both doses of RPW restored most of the metabolites, while reactivating arachidonic acid metabolism (high dose only). Low dose of RPW led to the activation of retinol metabolism. Both doses of RPW maintained cerebellar functional chemistry as revealed by FTIR analysis. TEM analysis revealed swollen mitochondria, depleted numbers of synaptic vesicles, and shrunk synaptic clefts following induction of T2D. These ultrastructural morphologies were improved in RPW-treated rats. These results portray the therapeutic potential of raffia palm wine in the management of neurodegenerative complications in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Vishal Bharuth
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Morozova MP, Gavrilova SA, Ivanov EV, Erdiakov AK, Rzhavina EM, Koshelev VB, Galstyan GR. The initial level of heart rate variability determines the dynamics of the neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system and temperature sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. DIABETES MELLITUS 2019. [DOI: 10.14341/dm10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The development of diabetes mellitus (DM) is accompanied by hyperglycemia, which leads to the development of neuropathy. We assume that the individual characteristics of the organization of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in humans affect not only the ability to withstand stress, but can determine the course of diseases, including diabetes.
AIMS: The study of the dynamics of heart rate variability and temperature sensitivity in rats against the background of hyperglycemia depending on the organization of the initial regulation of the heart under ANS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 70 male rats were randomized by weight and level of total heart rate variability (HRV) on animals with initially low and high levels of total HRV. Diabetes was modeled by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The control group received a single i.p. injection of citrate buffer (CB). Before the induction of diabetes, as well as on 21, 42 and 70 days after the injection of STZ, a comprehensive examination of rats condition was carried out: 1) assessment of HRV; 2) analysis of temperature-pain sensitivity; 3) assessment of glucose and ketone bodies in the blood. Similarly, animals in the CB group were examined.
RESULTS: The change in HRV and temperature-pain sensitivity in rats depends on the initial level of HRV. In rats with low variability, the reaction time in the pain test increased by 832% from the 28th day of the experiment, from 21 days the bradycardia increased and the decrease in individual HRV indices at rest, but not the response of these parameters to cold stress.
CONCLUSION: The development of ANSs lesion depends on the initial level of HRV. Low variability animals are more resistant to hyperglycemia: the normal ranges of CP reactions from the side of HR, the parameters of total HRV and the CVHS contribution to it are longer, but there is a loss of temperature sensitivity. Initially, highly variable rats with the development of diabetes do not lose temperature sensitivity, but demonstrate an imbalance in the regulatory circuits of heart rate and HRV.
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Hu B, Zhang J, Wang J, He B, Wang D, Zhang W, Zhou X, Li H. Responses of PKCε to cardiac overloads on myocardial sympathetic innervation and NET expression. Auton Neurosci 2017; 210:24-33. [PMID: 29195789 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key mediator of many diverse physiological and pathological responses. PKC activation play an important regulatory role of cardiac function. The present study was performed to investigate whether there were differential activations of the PKCε and how the activation coupled with norepinephrine transporter (NET) surface expression, sympathetic innervation pattern and extracellular matrix remodeling in different cardiac hemodynamic overloads induced by abdominal aortic constriction or aortocaval fistula. At 8weeks after the operations, heart failure were induced, accompanied with myocardial hypertrophy, which was more pronounced in pressure overload (POL) than that of volume overload (VOL) rats, left ventricular dysfunction and increased plasma norepinephrine (NE). In POL rats there was an increase in myocardial collagen deposition, in contrast, the amount decreased in VOL as compared with the sham rats. POL remarkably upregulated PKCε membrane-cytosol ratio and downregulated NET membrane fraction, whereas, in VOL induced opposite changes. Accompanied with the PKCε activation, nerve sprouting, evidenced by myocardial GAP43 protein increased, and different nerve phenotypes were found, in POL tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nerve density increased with NET and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity density decreased, in contrast, in VOL NET and ChAT increased, TH did not change. The overloads did not induce alteration of NET mRNA expression, but resulted in different myocardial β1-AR mRNA expression, in POL β1-AR mRNAwas significantly downregulated, while in VOL rats unaltered. Conclusion, the present results suggested that the different cardiac hemodynamic overload could differentially activate a common signaling, PKCε intermediate and thereby generate biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of CAPF, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of CAPF, China
| | - Bing He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupation and Environmental Hazard, China
| | - Deshun Wang
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of CAPF, China
| | | | - Xin Zhou
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of CAPF, China; Institute of Cardiovascular disease of CAPF, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, China
| | - He Li
- Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of CAPF, China; Institute of Cardiovascular disease of CAPF, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, China.
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Zurita E, Huerta M, De Jesús L, La Cruz FD, Ortiz-Butron R, Flores G, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ. Cerebrolysin Effects on Cardiac Neuropathy in Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2017.87015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Amoni M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Blackhurst D, Gwanyanya A. Beneficial Effects of Magnesium Treatment on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Ventricular Function in Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:169-178. [PMID: 27276916 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416653831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus induces life-threatening cardiovascular complications such as cardiac autonomic neuropathy and ventricular dysfunction and is associated with hypomagnesemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of magnesium (Mg2+) treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac complications. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were treated once with STZ (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) or vehicle (citrate) and then daily for 7 days with MgSO4 (270 mg/kg, ip) or saline. On the eighth day, in vivo tail-pulse plethysmography was recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and ex vivo Langendorff-based left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume parameters were measured using an intraventricular balloon. Measurements of plasma lipid and Mg2+ levels as well as blood glucose and cardiac tissue Mg2+ levels were also performed. RESULTS Treatment with Mg2+ prevented diabetes-induced alterations in the standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDANN), root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), heart rate, and low-frequency (LF) power-high-frequency (HF) power ratio. In addition, Mg2+ restored orthostatic stress-induced changes in SDANN, RMSSD, and LF-HF ratio in diabetic rats. In isolated hearts, Mg2+ reversed the diabetes-induced decrease in LV end-diastolic elastance and the right shift of end-diastolic equilibrium volume intercept, without altering LV-developed pressure or end-systolic elastance. However, Mg2+ did not prevent the elevation in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides or the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes. Plasma- or cardiac tissue Mg2+ was not different among the treatment groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Mg2+ treatment may attenuate diabetes-induced reduction in HRV and improve LV diastolic distensibility, without preventing hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Thus, Mg2+ may have a modulatory role in the early stages of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amoni
- 1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,3 Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asfree Gwanyanya
- 1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ishibashi F, Kojima R, Taniguchi M, Kosaka A, Uetake H, Tavakoli M. The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3653459. [PMID: 27563679 PMCID: PMC4987467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3653459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. Compared with controls, patients had abnormal CNF parameters. In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. Alterations in CNF parameters were significant even in patients without neuropathy. The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. The CNF density and length positively correlated with the NCV and amplitude. The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukashi Ishibashi
- Ishibashi Clinic, 1-9-41-2 Kushido, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-0033, Japan
- *Fukashi Ishibashi: and
| | - Rie Kojima
- Ishibashi Clinic, 1-9-41-2 Kushido, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-0033, Japan
| | - Miki Taniguchi
- Ishibashi Clinic, 1-9-41-2 Kushido, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-0033, Japan
| | - Aiko Kosaka
- Ishibashi Clinic, 1-9-41-2 Kushido, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-0033, Japan
| | - Harumi Uetake
- Ishibashi Clinic, 1-9-41-2 Kushido, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-0033, Japan
| | - Mitra Tavakoli
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, South Cloisters, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- *Mitra Tavakoli:
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Semaming Y, Kukongviriyapan U, Kongyingyoes B, Thukhammee W, Pannangpetch P. Protocatechuic Acid Restores Vascular Responses in Rats With Chronic Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin. Phytother Res 2015; 30:227-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoswaris Semaming
- Veterinary Technology Program, Faculty of Technology; Udon Thani Rajabhat University; Udon Thani 41000 Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Bunkerd Kongyingyoes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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Shinzawa G, Sato D, Kusunoki M, Karimata T, Sasaki H, Nakamura R, Feng Z, Nishina A, Nakamura T. Characteristics of spike rate of peripheral sympathetic nervous signal in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Auton Neurosci 2013; 179:23-7. [PMID: 23830533 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although streptozotocin-administered (STZ) rats were widely used as an experimental diabetic neuropathy model, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in STZ rats has not been microneurographically evaluated so far. In the present study, we investigated the multi-unit, compound sympathetic signal from the sciatic nerve of rats 3 weeks after the administration of streptozotocin, and compared the signal with that of normal (control) rats. After obtaining the sympathetic signal, glucose was intravenously administered to make a transient increase in the blood glucose level to cause SNA change. The sympathetic burst rate did not show any statistical difference between groups at steady state. Even after the glucose administration, it changed little in each group. On the other hand, the firing rate of action potentials (AP-rate) in STZ group was significantly lower than that in control group before glucose administration (p<0.05). In addition, AP-rate was increased in control animals after glucose administration, but not in STZ rats. The results suggest a lower sympathetic tone and poorer response to glucose load under high blood glucose and low plasma insulin condition, and that the AP-rate may be useful for the evaluation of microneurographically measured, peripheral sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Shinzawa
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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