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Reis FMCV, Mobbs D, Canteras NS, Adhikari A. Orchestration of innate and conditioned defensive actions by the periaqueductal gray. Neuropharmacology 2023; 228:109458. [PMID: 36773777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been recognized for decades as having a central role in the control of a wide variety of defensive responses. Initial discoveries relied primarily on lesions, electrical stimulation and pharmacology. Recent developments in neural activity imaging and in methods to control activity with anatomical and genetic specificity have revealed additional streams of data informing our understanding of PAG function. Here, we discuss both classic and modern studies reporting on how PAG-centered circuits influence innate as well as learned defensive actions in rodents and humans. Though early discoveries emphasized the PAG's role in rapid induction of innate defensive actions, emerging new data indicate a prominent role for the PAG in more complex processes, including representing behavioral states and influencing fear learning and memory. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Fear, Anxiety and PTSD".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M C V Reis
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Newton S Canteras
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Avishek Adhikari
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Neostriatum neuronal TRPV 1-signalling mediates striatal anandamide at high concentration facilitatory influence on neostriato-nigral dishinhibitory GABAergic connections. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:128-141. [PMID: 36414159 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) is found in the caudate nucleus and putamen (CPu) in addition to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr). Here, we investigated the role of endocannabinoid neuromodulation of striato-nigral disinhibitory projections on the activity of nigro-collicular GABAergic pathways that control the expression of unconditioned fear-related behavioural responses elicited by microinjections of the GABAA receptor selective antagonist bicuculline (BIC) in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (dlSC). METHODS Fluorescent neural tract tracers were deposited in either CPu or in SNpr. Wistar rats received injection of vehicle, anandamide (AEA), either at low (50 pmol) or high (100 pmol) concentrations in CPu followed by bicuculline microinjections in dlSC. RESULTS Connections between CPu, the SNpr and dlSC were demonstrated. The GABAA receptor blockade in dlSC elicited panic-like behaviour. AEA at the lowest concentration caused a panicolytic-like effect that was antagonised by the CPu pretreatment with AM251 at 100 pmol. AEA at the highest concentration caused a panicogenic-like effect that was antagonised by the CPu pretreatment with 6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin (6-I-CPS) at different concentrations (0.6, 6, 60 nmol). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that while pre-synaptic CB1-signalling subserves an indirect facilitatory effect of AEA on striato-nigral pathways causing panicolytic-like responses through midbrain tectum enhanced activity, post-synaptic TRPV1-signalling in CPu mediates AEA direct activation of striato-nigral disinhibitory pathways resulting in increasing dlSC neurons activity and a panicogenic-like response. All these actions seem to depend on the interface with the nigro-collicular inhibitory GABAergic pathways.
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de Paula Rodrigues BM, Coimbra NC. CB 1 receptor signalling mediates cannabidiol-induced panicolytic-like effects and defensive antinociception impairment in mice threatened by Bothrops jararaca lancehead pit vipers. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1384-1396. [PMID: 35946605 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis sativa-derived substances such as cannabidiol (CBD) have attracted increasing clinical interest and consist in a new perspective for treating some neurological and psychiatric diseases. AIMS The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of acute treatment with CBD on panic-like defensive responses displayed by mice threatened by the venomous snake Bothrops jararaca. METHODS Mice were habituated in the enriched polygonal arena for snake panic test. After recording the baseline responses of the tail-flick test, the prey were pretreated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations of the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) antagonist AM251 (selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 8 nM) at different doses, which were followed after 10 min by i.p. treatment with CBD (3 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after treatment with CBD, mice were subjected to confrontations by B. jararaca for 5 min, and the following defensive responses were recorded: risk assessment, oriented escape behaviour, inhibitory avoidance and prey-versus-snake interactions. Immediately after the escape behaviour was exhibited, the tail-flick latencies were recorded every 5 min for 30 min. OUTCOMES Mice threatened by snakes displayed several anti-predatory defensive and innate fear-induced antinociception responses in comparison to the control. CBD significantly decreased the risk assessment and escape responses, with a consequent decrease in defensive antinociception. The CBD panicolytic effect was reversed by i.p. treatment with AM251. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the anti-aversive effect of CBD depends at least in part on the recruitment of CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mangili de Paula Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fabris D, Carvalho MC, Brandão ML, Prado WA, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, de Oliveira AR, Lovick TA, Genaro K. Sex-dependent differences in the anxiolytic-like effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1371-1383. [PMID: 36239039 PMCID: PMC9716492 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221125440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of anxiety. Most preclinical studies investigate only acute effects of CBD and only in males, yet the drug is most likely to be used over a sustained period in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of CBD in female rats compared to males and to determine whether the responsiveness of females was influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle. METHODS We carried out experiments to compare the effect of CBD in male and female rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) in response to acute and short-term (4 days) administration through a complete cycle in females. RESULTS Male and female rats behaved in a similar manner in the EPM, but females in the late diestrus (LD) phase exhibited more anxiety-like behavior than at other stages, the difference reaching statistical significance compared to proestrus stages. CBD produced anxiolytic-like effects in both sexes, but female rats were responsive only in LD and 10-fold lower dose than males. After sub-chronic (4 days) treatment, responsiveness to CBD was maintained in females in LD, but females in proestrus remained unresponsive to CBD treatment. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that there are sex differences in the anxiolytic-like effects of CBD in rats that reflect different underlying mechanisms: based on literature data, gonadal hormone status linked to GABAA receptor expression in females, and 5-HT1A receptor activation in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Fabris
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil,Department of Psychology, Center of Education and Human Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Milene C Carvalho
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus L Brandão
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wiliam A Prado
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda R de Oliveira
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil,Department of Psychology, Center of Education and Human Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thelma A Lovick
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Genaro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Karina Genaro, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, 837 Health Sci. Rd. Gillespie BLDG., Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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Chang W, Liu J, Nie L, Pang X, Lv Z, Zheng J. The Degree Centrality and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as Ictal Panic: A Resting State fMRI Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:822253. [PMID: 35837228 PMCID: PMC9274169 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.822253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesIctal panic (IP) can be observed occasionally in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Such descriptions can be found in previous studies, but the mechanism is still not clear and often confused with panic attacks in patients with panic disorder (PD). We try to use imaging methods (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, rs-fMRI) to study the mechanism of this psychiatric comorbidity in patients with TLE.MethodsForty right-onset TLE patients were observed, including 28 patients with TLE but without IP and 12 patients with TLEIP along with 30 gender-age matched healthy controls were included. We collected clinical/physiological/neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data. Degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) were calculated. For the DC and FC values, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find different areas and t-tests were used to compare differences between the TLEIP, TLE without IP, and healthy control(HC)groups. The relationship between brain abnormalities and patient characteristics was explored by correlation analyses.ResultsNo significant differences in gender and age were found among the three groups, and no significant differences in education level, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Hamilton Depressive Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and epilepsy duration (years) between the TLEIP and TLE without IP groups. In addition to fear, other symptoms were observed, including nausea, palpitations, rising epigastric sensation, and dyspnea. There was no correlation between the duration of IP and HAMA. Moreover, all IP durations were <2 min. Compared to the HCs and TLE without IP group, the DC value of the TLEIP group in the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) was significantly increased. Compared to the HCs, FC could be found between the LMTG and left inferior temporal gyrus (LITG) in the TLEIP group. In addition, there was FC between the LMTG and cerebellum in the TLEIP group. The difference in the magnitude of FC between the TLEIP vs. HC group was greater than the difference between the TLE vs. HC group.ConclusionsThis study describes brain abnormalities in patients with TLEIP. These results will help to preliminarily understand the mechanism of ictal panic and abnormal functional connection in patients with TLE, and further explore the neuroimaging mechanism of ictal panic in patients with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zongxia Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jinou Zheng
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Chang W, Lv Z, Pang X, Nie L, Zheng J. The local neural markers of MRI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy presenting ictal panic: A resting resting-state postictal fMRI study. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 129:108490. [PMID: 35180570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common focal epilepsies. Some patients with TLE have ictal panic (IP), which is often confused with panic attack (PA) in panic disorder (PD). Previous studies have described temporal lobe epilepsy with ictal panic (TLEIP), but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to investigate local brain abnormalities in patients with TLEIP and tried to find neural markers to explore the mechanism of IP in patients with TLE. METHODS A total of 40 patients with TLE, including 28 patients with TLE and 12 patients with TLEIP along with 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. We collected clinical/physiological/neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. ANOVA was used to find different areas and t-tests used to compare differences among fALFF, ReHo, and DC. Correlation analyses explored the relationship between local brain abnormalities and patient characteristics. RESULTS No significant differences in age and gender were found among the three groups, nor were there differences in education level, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) between the TLEIP and TLE groups. All the onset sites of patients with TLEIP were on the right. In addition to fear, other symptoms observed included nausea, palpitations, rising epigastric sensation, and dyspnea. There were no correlations between duration of IP and HAMA (p = 0.659). Moreover, all IP durations were <2 min and most <1 min. Compared to the HCs group, the ReHo value of the TLEIP group in the right middle frontal gyrus was significantly decreased (GRF correction, two-tailed, voxel level P < 0.005, cluster level P < 0.05). Compared to the HCs and TLE groups, the DC value of the TLEIP group in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) was significantly increased (GRF correction, two-tailed, voxel level P < 0.005, cluster level P < 0.05). No regions showed any significant fALFF difference between HCs and TLE groups (GRF correction, two-tailed, voxel level P < 0.005, cluster level P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This research describes local brain abnormalities in patients with TLE presenting as IP. These results will be preliminarily conducive to understand the seizure mechanism of IP in patients with TLE, find out the MRI neural markers, and to further explore the neurophysiological mechanisms of IP in patients with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxia Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Genaro K, Prado WA. The role of the anterior pretectal nucleus in pain modulation: A comprehensive review. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4358-4380. [PMID: 33909941 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Descending pain modulation involves multiple encephalic sites and pathways that range from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Behavioral studies conducted in the 1980s revealed that electrical stimulation of the pretectal area causes antinociception dissociation from aversive responses. Anatomical and physiological studies identified the anterior pretectal nucleus and its descending projections to several midbrain, pontine, and medullary structures. The anterior pretectal nucleus is morphologically divided into a dorsal part that contains a dense neuron population (pars compacta) and a ventral part that contains a dense fiber band network (pars reticulata). Connections of the two anterior pretectal nucleus parts are broad and include prominent projections to and from major encephalic systems associated with somatosensory processes. Since the first observation that acute or chronic noxious stimuli activate the anterior pretectal nucleus, it has been established that numerous mediators participate in this response through distinct pathways. Recent studies have confirmed that at least two pain inhibitory pathways are activated from the anterior pretectal nucleus. This review focuses on rodent anatomical, behavioral, molecular, and neurochemical data that have helped to identify mediators of the anterior pretectal nucleus and pathways related to its role in pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Genaro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wiliam A Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Serotonin Pretreatment Abolishes Sex-specific NMDA-induced Seizure Behavior in Developing Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 463:184-196. [PMID: 33838289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal excitability and susceptibility to excitotoxic damage can be sex-specific, with neurons from males usually being more 'easily excitable' compared to neurons from females, especially during development. Increased excitability at an individual neuronal level can lead to the formation of hyperexcitable neuronal networks, which, consequently can make the brain more seizure prone. Both animal and clinical data suggest that males experience more frequent and severe seizures than do females. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) can mediate neuronal excitability and seizure behavior, often serving as an anticonvulsant. Importantly, 5-HT signaling during parts of the perinatal period is sexually dimorphic. Sex differences during development have been reported in both serotonin levels and receptor type (excitatory vs. inhibitory) expression in a manner that may leave the male brain more vulnerable to over-excitation. Thus, we aimed to determine if the anticonvulsant effects of 5-HT were sex- and/or age-dependent in juvenile animals. We report a baseline sex difference in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizure behavior and hippocampal neuronal loss, with postnatal day (PND) 14 males exhibiting more severe seizure behavior compared to females. Pretreatment with the general 5-HT receptor agonist 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) abolishes baseline sex differences, providing an anticonvulsant effect for males only. These sex differences appear to be at least in part organized by testosterone, as females given neonatal androgen exhibit a seizure behavior profile in between that of males and females.
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Yoshioka D, Iwata M, Kaneko K. Case Report: GABAergic and Serotoninergic Agents for the Treatment and Prevention of Prolonged Dissociative Stupor. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641474. [PMID: 34093264 PMCID: PMC8169974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociative stupor is a common psychiatric disease lacking an established standard treatment. The lack of therapeutic options may be due to the spontaneous and quick complete remission of most patients. However, since some patients experience multiple relapses and prolonged stupor, investigating potential prevention and treatment options is critical. We reported the case of a 61-year-old Japanese woman who presented with intermittent dissociative stupor for several months. Despite her prolonged symptoms, the administration of lorazepam, escitalopram, and aripiprazole, which selectively enhance GABAergic and serotoninergic activity, improved her stupor and prevented relapse. These findings may help with the treatment of persistent dissociative stupor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yoshioka
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Tottori Medical Center, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Endocannabinoid neuromodulation in the neostriatum decreases the GABAergic striato-nigral disinhibitory function and increases the nigro-collicular inhibitory pathway activity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1199-1208. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dos Anjos-Garcia T, Coimbra NC. Opposing roles of dorsomedial hypothalamic CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in anandamide signaling during the panic-like response elicited in mice by Brazilian rainbow Boidae snakes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1863-1874. [PMID: 30694375 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the organization of panic-like defensive behavior. Threatening situations stimulate brain areas, such as the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). However, there is a lack of studies addressing the role of the DMH endocannabinoid system in panic-like responses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to verify which mechanisms underlie anandamide-mediated responses in the DMH. METHODS To test the hypothesis that the anandamide produces panicolytic-like effects, we treated mice with intra-DMH microinjections of vehicle or increasing doses of anandamide (0.5, 5, or 50 pmol) and then performed confrontation with the South American snake Epicrates cenchria assisi. RESULTS Intra-DMH anandamide treatment yielded a U-shaped dose-response curve with no effect of the lowest (0.5 pmol) or the highest (50 pmol) dose and significant inhibition of panic-like responses at the intermediate (5 pmol) dose. In addition, this panicolytic-like effect was prevented by pretreatment of the DMH with the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (100 pmol). However, pretreatment of the DMH with the TRPV1 receptor antagonist 6-iodo-nordihydrocapsaicin (3 nmol) restored the panicolytic-like effect of the highest dose of anandamide. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CB1 receptors were present primarily on axonal fibers, while TRPV1 receptors were found almost exclusively surrounding the perikarya in DMH. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that anandamide exerts a panicolytic-like effect in the DMH by activation of CB1 receptors and that TRPV1 receptors are related to the lack of effect of the highest dose of anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Behavioural Neuroscience Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil.
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Calvo F, Almada RC, Dos Anjos-Garcia T, Falconi-Sobrinho LL, Paschoalin-Maurin T, Bazaglia-de-Sousa G, Medeiros P, Silva JAD, Lobão-Soares B, Coimbra NC. Panicolytic-like effect of µ 1-opioid receptor blockade in the inferior colliculus of prey threatened by Crotalus durissus terrificus pit vipers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:577-588. [PMID: 30663473 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118822078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endogenous opioid peptide system has been implicated in the neural modulation of fear and anxiety organised by the dorsal midbrain. Furthermore, previous results indicate a fundamental role played by inferior colliculus (IC) opioid mechanisms during the expression of defensive behaviours, but the involvement of the IC µ1-opioid receptor in the modulation of anxiety- and panic attack-related behaviours remains unclear. Using a prey-versus-snake confrontation paradigm, we sought to investigate the effects of µ1-opioid receptor blockade in the IC on the defensive behaviour displayed by rats in a dangerous situation. METHODS Specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were treated with microinjection of the selective µ1-opioid receptor antagonist naloxonazine into the IC at different concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 µg/0.2 µL) and then confronted with rattlesnakes ( Crotalus durissus terrificus). The defensive behavioural repertoire, such as defensive attention, flat back approach (FBA), startle, defensive immobility, escape or active avoidance, displayed by rats either during the confrontations with wild snakes or during re-exposure to the experimental context without the predator was analysed. RESULTS The blockade of µ1-opioid receptors in the IC decreased the expression of both anxiety-related behaviours (defensive attention, FBA) and panic attack-related responses (startle, defensive immobility and escape) during the confrontation with rattlesnakes. A significant decrease in defensive attention was also recorded during re-exposure of the prey to the experimental apparatus context without the predator. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that a decrease in µ1-opioid receptor signalling activity within the IC modulates anxiety- and panic attack-related behaviours in dangerous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Calvo
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,2 Department of Pharmacology, São Lucas College, Porto Velho (RO), Brazil.,3 Aparício Carvalho Integrative College (FIMCA), Porto Velho (RO), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Rafael Carvalho Almada
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,6 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Luiz Luciano Falconi-Sobrinho
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,6 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Tatiana Paschoalin-Maurin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bazaglia-de-Sousa
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,6 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Juliana Almeida da Silva
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,6 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,7 Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,4 Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil.,5 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,6 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition increases noise burst-induced unconditioned and context-conditioned freezing. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019; 31:46-51. [PMID: 30404671 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas long-term administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders, acute administration of these drugs may exert a paradoxical anxiogenic effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible effect of an SSRI in situations of unconditioned or limited conditioned fear. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered a single dose of an SSRI, escitalopram, before acquisition or expression of context conditioned fear, where noise bursts were used as the unconditioned stimulus. Freezing was assessed as a measure of unconditioned fear (=the acute response to noise bursts) or conditioned fear (=the response to the context), respectively. RESULTS Noise bursts elicited an acute increase in freezing but no robust conditioned response 7 days after exposure. Administration of escitalopram before testing exacerbated the freezing response during presentation of the unconditioned stimulus and also unmasked a conditioned response; in contrast, administration of escitalopram prior to acquisition did not influence the conditioned response. CONCLUSION The data suggest that freezing in rats exposed to a stimulus inducing relatively mild fear may be enhanced by acute pretreatment with an SSRI regardless of whether the freezing displayed by the animals is an acute unconditioned response to the stimulus in question or a conditioned response to the same stimulus.
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da Silva Soares R, Falconi-Sobrinho LL, dos Anjos-Garcia T, Coimbra NC. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors of the dorsal raphe nucleus modulate panic-like behaviours and mediate fear-induced antinociception elicited by neuronal activation in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 357-358:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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McMurray KM, Strawn JR, Sah R. Fluoxetine Modulates Spontaneous and Conditioned Behaviors to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Inhalation and Alters Forebrain–Midbrain Neuronal Activation. Neuroscience 2019; 396:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Blockade of synaptic activity in the neostriatum and activation of striatal efferent pathways produce opposite effects on panic attack-like defensive behaviours evoked by GABAergic disinhibition in the deep layers of the superior colliculus. Physiol Behav 2018; 196:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Falconi-Sobrinho LL, Coimbra NC. The Nitric Oxide Donor SIN-1-Produced Panic-Like Behaviour And Fear-Induced Antinociception Are Modulated By NMDA Receptors In The Anterior Hypothalamus. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:711-722. [PMID: 29737230 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118769061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An excitatory imbalance in the hypothalamus of rodents caused by local chemical stimulation elicits fear-related defensive reactions such as escape and freezing. In addition, these panic attack-like defensive reactions induced by hypothalamic neurons may cause antinociception. However, there is a shortage of studies showing the participation of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus in these adaptive defensive mechanisms. Nitric oxide (NO) donors have been shown to evoke fear-related defensive responses when microinjected into paralimbic and limbic structures, and this excitatory neuromodulation can recruit the glutamatergic system. AIMS The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the glutamatergic system in the nitrergic effects on fear-related defensive responses organised by anterior hypothalamic neurons. METHODS The present study evaluates the effects of the molsidomine active metabolite SIN-1 NO donor administered into the anterior hypothalamus (AH) of mice at different concentrations (75, 150 and 300 nmol/0.1 μL). Then, we investigated the effects of pre-treatment of the AH with AP-7 (an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-selective antagonist; 0.02, 0.2 and 2 nmol/0.1 μL) on the behavioural and antinociceptive effects provoked by AH chemical stimulation with SIN-1 microinjections. RESULTS The 300 nmol dose of SIN-1 was the most effective at causing panic-like defensive behaviours followed by a significant antinociceptive response. In addition, both of these effects were attenuated or inhibited by AH pre-treatment with AP-7. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the panicogenic and antinociceptive effects evoked by intra-AH microinjections of SIN-1 depend on NMDA receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Luciano Falconi-Sobrinho
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.,2 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.,2 NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Behavioural Neurosciences Institute, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Paschoalin-Maurin T, dos Anjos-Garcia T, Falconi-Sobrinho LL, de Freitas RL, Coimbra JPC, Laure CJ, Coimbra NC. The Rodent-versus-wild Snake Paradigm as a Model for Studying Anxiety- and Panic-like Behaviors: Face, Construct and Predictive Validities. Neuroscience 2018; 369:336-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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da Silva JA, Biagioni AF, Almada RC, de Freitas RL, Coimbra NC. Panicolytic-like effects caused by substantia nigra pars reticulata pretreatment with low doses of endomorphin-1 and high doses of CTOP or the NOP receptors antagonist JTC-801 in male Rattus norvegicus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3009-3025. [PMID: 28856406 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) are connected to the deep layers of the superior colliculus (dlSC). The dlSC, in turn, connect with the SNpr through opioid projections. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) is a natural ligand of a Gi protein-coupled nociceptin receptor (ORL1; NOP) that is also found in the SNpr. Our hypothesis is that tectonigral opioid pathways and intranigral orphanin-mediated mechanisms modulate GABAergic nigrotectal connections. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the role of opioid and NOP receptors in the SNpr during the modulation of defence reactions organised by the dlSC. METHODS The SNpr was pretreated with either opioid or NOP receptor agonists and antagonists, followed by dlSC treatment with bicuculline. RESULTS Blockade of GABAA receptors in the dlSC elicited fear-related defensive behaviour. Pretreatment of the SNpr with naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH), a μ-, δ-, and κ1-opioid receptor antagonist as well as a NOP receptor antagonist, decreased the aversive effect of bicuculline treatment on the dlSC. Either μ-opioid receptor activation or blockade by SNpr microinjection of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and CTOP promoted pro-aversive and anti-aversive actions, respectively, that modulated the defensive responses elicited by bicuculline injection into the dlSC. Pretreatment of the SNpr with the selective NOP receptor antagonist JTC801 decreased the aversive effect of bicuculline, and microinjections of the selective NOP receptor agonist NNC 63-0532 promoted the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that opioid pathways and orphanin-mediated mechanisms have a critical role in modulating the activity of nigrotectal GABAergic pathways during the organisation of defensive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Audrey Franceschi Biagioni
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho Almada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil
- Multiuser Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain and Emotions, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil.
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Multiuser Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
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CB1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated anandamide signalling reduces the defensive behaviour evoked through GABAA receptor blockade in the dorsomedial division of the ventromedial hypothalamus. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:156-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gomez F, García-García L. Anxiogenic-like effects of fluoxetine render adult male rats vulnerable to the effects of a novel stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 153:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Unravelling cortico-hypothalamic pathways regulating unconditioned fear-induced antinociception and defensive behaviours. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:367-385. [PMID: 27717879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex can influence unconditioned fear-induced defensive mechanisms organised by diencephalic neurons that are under tonic GABAergic inhibition. The posterior hypothalamus (PH) is involved with anxiety- and panic attack-like responses. To understand this cortical mediation, our study characterised anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-PH pathways and investigated the effect of ACC local inactivation with lidocaine. We also investigated the involvement of PH ionotropic glutamate receptors in the defensive behaviours and fear-induced antinociception by microinjecting NBQX (an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist) and LY235959 (a NMDA receptor antagonist) into the PH. ACC pretreatment with lidocaine decreased the proaversive effect and antinociception evoked by GABAA receptor blockade in the PH, which suggests that there may be descending excitatory pathways from this cortical region to the PH. Microinjections of both NBQX and LY235959 into the PH also attenuated defensive and antinociceptive responses. This suggests that the blockade of AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors reduces the activity of glutamatergic efferent pathways. Both inputs from the ACC to the PH and glutamatergic hypothalamic short links disinhibited by intra-hypothalamic GABAA receptors blockade are potentially implicated. Microinjection of a bidirectional neurotracer in the PH showed a Cg1-PH pathway and PH neuronal reciprocal connections with the periaqueductal grey matter. Microinjections of an antegrade neurotracer into the Cg1 showed axonal fibres and glutamatergic vesicle-immunoreactive terminal boutons surrounding both mediorostral-lateroposterior thalamic nucleus and PH neuronal perikarya. These data suggest a critical role played by ACC-PH glutamatergic pathways and AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors in the panic attack-like reactions and antinociception organised by PH neurons.
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Biagioni AF, de Oliveira RC, de Oliveira R, da Silva JA, dos Anjos-Garcia T, Roncon CM, Corrado AP, Zangrossi H, Coimbra NC. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus connected to dorsal raphe nucleus inputs modulate defensive behaviours and mediate innate fear-induced antinociception. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:532-45. [PMID: 26749090 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is an important brainstem source of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-HT plays a key role in the regulation of panic attacks. The aim of the present study was to determine whether 5-HT1A receptor-containing neurons in the medial hypothalamus (MH) receive neural projections from DRN and to then determine the role of this neural substrate in defensive responses. The neurotracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was iontophoretically microinjected into the DRN, and immunohistochemical approaches were then used to identify 5HT1A receptor-labelled neurons in the MH. Moreover, the effects of pre-treatment of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) with 8-OH-DPAT and WAY-100635, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist and antagonist, respectively, followed by local microinjections of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, were investigated. We found that there are many projections from the DRN to the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PeFLH) but also to DMH and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei, reaching 5HT1A receptor-labelled perikarya. DMH GABAA receptor blockade elicited defensive responses that were followed by antinociception. DMH treatment with 8-OH-DPAT decreased escape responses, which strongly suggests that the 5-HT1A receptor modulates the defensive responses. However, DMH treatment with WAY-100635 failed to alter bicuculline-induced defensive responses, suggesting that 5-HT exerts a phasic influence on 5-HT1A DMH neurons. The activation of the inhibitory 5-HT1A receptor had no effect on antinociception. However, blockade of the 5-HT1A receptor decreased fear-induced antinociception. The present data suggest that the ascending pathways from the DRN to the DMH modulate panic-like defensive behaviours and mediate antinociceptive phenomenon by recruiting 5-HT1A receptor in the MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Franceschi Biagioni
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Rithiele Cristina de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil; Mato Grosso Federal University Medical School (UFMT), Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Reserva 35, Setor Industrial, 78550-000 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Juliana Almeida da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Tayllon dos Anjos-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Camila Marroni Roncon
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pinto Corrado
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hélio Zangrossi
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil; NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14050-220, Brazil; NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
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Biagioni AF, Anjos-Garcia TD, Ullah F, Fisher IR, Falconi-Sobrinho LL, Freitas RLD, Felippotti TT, Coimbra NC. Neuroethological validation of an experimental apparatus to evaluate oriented and non-oriented escape behaviours: Comparison between the polygonal arena with a burrow and the circular enclosure of an open-field test. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Todd SM, Arnold JC. Neural correlates of interactions between cannabidiol and Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol in mice: implications for medical cannabis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:53-65. [PMID: 26377899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been proposed that medicinal strains of cannabis and therapeutic preparations would be safer with a more balanced concentration ratio of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to cannabidiol (CBD), as CBD reduces the adverse psychotropic effects of THC. However, our understanding of CBD and THC interactions is limited and the brain circuitry mediating interactions between CBD and THC are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CBD modulated the functional effects and c-Fos expression induced by THC, using a 1:1 dose ratio that approximates therapeutic strains of cannabis and nabiximols. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle, CBD, THC or a combination of CBD and THC (10 mg·kg(-1) i.p. for both cannabinoids) to examine effects on locomotor activity, anxiety-related behaviour, body temperature and brain c-Fos expression (a marker of neuronal activation). KEY RESULTS CBD potentiated THC-induced locomotor suppression but reduced the hypothermic and anxiogenic effects of THC. CBD alone had no effect on these measures. THC increased brain activation as measured by c-Fos expression in 11 of the 35 brain regions studied. CBD co-administration suppressed THC-induced c-Fos expression in six of these brain regions. This effect was most pronounced in the medial preoptic nucleus and lateral periaqueductal gray. Treatment with CBD alone diminished c-Fos expression only in the central nucleus of the amygdala compared with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data confirm that CBD modulated the pharmacological actions of THC and provide new information regarding brain regions involved in the interaction between CBD and THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Todd
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J C Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Ullah F, dos Anjos-Garcia T, dos Santos IR, Biagioni AF, Coimbra NC. Relevance of dorsomedial hypothalamus, dorsomedial division of the ventromedial hypothalamus and the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter in the organization of freezing or oriented and non-oriented escape emotional behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Endocannabinoid signaling mechanisms in the substantia nigra pars reticulata modulate GABAergic nigrotectal pathways in mice threatened by urutu-cruzeiro venomous pit viper. Neuroscience 2015; 303:503-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Almeida-Souza TH, Goes TC, Teixeira-Silva F. Pharmacological validation of the free-exploratory paradigm in male Wistar rats: A proposed test of trait anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:114-20. [PMID: 26028610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The free-exploratory paradigm (FEP) has been proposed as a model of trait anxiety for both mice and rats. However, its pharmacological validation has only been carried out for the mice. Thus, the aim of the present study was to pharmacologically validate FEP for Wistar rats, by testing the effects of clinically established anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs, in four different experiments. In all experiments, male Wistar rats were first tested in FEP to be categorized according to their levels of trait anxiety (high, medium and low). Then, only medium trait anxiety rats were selected to be tested again in FEP, two weeks later, after being pharmacologically treated, according to each experiment as follows: Experiment I: 0.5mg/kg of diazepam (DZP) or vehicle; Experiment II: 20mg/kg of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or vehicle; Experiment III: 5mg/kg of fluoxetine (FLX5) or vehicle: and Experiment IV: 0.5mg/kg of fluoxetine (FLX0.5) or vehicle. As a group, the results showed that PTZ and FLX5 increased levels of trait anxiety and reduced locomotor activity, whereas DZP and FLX0.5 decreased levels of trait anxiety, without impairing locomotor activity. These results demonstrate that FEP for rats is able to predict clinical anxiolytic and anxiogenic activities of different drugs, including fluoxetine, which is believed to present a dual effect on anxiety. Therefore, this paradigm can be proposed as an effective method for testing potential trait anxiety-reducing drugs, in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Almeida-Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Costa Goes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Teixeira-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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29
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Almada RC, Coimbra NC. Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snakeBothrops alternatus(Reptilia,Viperidae). Synapse 2015; 69:299-313. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carvalho Almada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology; Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP); Ribeirão Preto São Paulo 14049-900 Brazil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC); Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo 14050-220 Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology; Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP); Ribeirão Preto São Paulo 14049-900 Brazil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC); Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo 14050-220 Brazil
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE); Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo 14049-900 Brazil
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30
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µ- and κ-Opioid receptor activation in the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter differentially modulates panic-like behaviours induced by electrical and chemical stimulation of the inferior colliculus. Brain Res 2015; 1597:168-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Devall AJ, Santos JM, Fry JP, Honour JW, Brandão ML, Lovick TA. Elevation of brain allopregnanolone rather than 5-HT release by short term, low dose fluoxetine treatment prevents the estrous cycle-linked increase in stress sensitivity in female rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:113-23. [PMID: 25498416 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal from long-term dosing with exogenous progesterone precipitates increased anxiety-linked changes in behavior in animal models due to the abrupt decrease in brain concentration of allopregnanolone (ALLO), a neuroactive metabolite of progesterone. We show that a withdrawal-like effect also occurs during the late diestrus phase (LD) of the natural ovarian cycle in rats, when plasma progesterone and ALLO are declining but estrogen secretion maintains a stable low level. This effect at LD was prevented by short-term treatment with low dose fluoxetine. During LD, but not at other stages of the estrous cycle, exposure to anxiogenic stress induced by whole body vibration at 4 Hz for 5 min evoked a significant decrease in tail flick latency (stress-induced hyperalgesia) and a decrease in the number of Fos-positive neurons present in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The threshold to evoke fear-like behaviors in response to electrical stimulation of the dorsal PAG was lower in the LD phase, indicating an increase in the intrinsic excitability of the PAG circuitry. All these effects were blocked by short-term administration of fluoxetine (2 × 1.75 mg kg(-1) i.p.) during LD. This dosage increased the whole brain concentration of ALLO, as determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, but was without effect on the extracellular concentration of 5-HT in the dorsal PAG, as measured by microdialysis. We suggest that fluoxetine-induced rise in brain ALLO concentration during LD offsets the sharp physiological decline, thus removing the trigger for the development of anxiogenic withdrawal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Devall
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julia M Santos
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Fry
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London W1E 6BT, UK
| | - John W Honour
- University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Marcus L Brandão
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thelma A Lovick
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Kolcsar M, Gáll Z, Dogaru M. Dose dependent effects of serotonergic agents on anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:479-87. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Borelli KG, Albrechet-Souza L, Fedoce AG, Fabri DS, Resstel LB, Brandão ML. Conditioned fear is modulated by CRF mechanisms in the periaqueductal gray columns. Horm Behav 2013; 63:791-9. [PMID: 23603480 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) columns have been implicated in controlling stress responses through corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which is a neuropeptide with a prominent role in the etiology of fear- and anxiety-related psychopathologies. Several studies have investigated the involvement of dorsal PAG (dPAG) CRF mechanisms in models of unconditioned fear. However, less is known about the role of this neurotransmission in the expression of conditioned fear memories in the dPAG and ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) columns. We assessed the effects of ovine CRF (oCRF 0.25 and 1.0 μg/0.2 μL) locally administered into the dPAG and vlPAG on behavioral (fear-potentiated startle and freezing) and autonomic (arterial pressure and heart rate) responses in rats subjected to contextual fear conditioning. The lower dose injected into the columns promoted proaversive effects, enhanced contextual freezing, increased the blood pressure and heart rate and decreased tail temperature. The lower dose of oCRF into the vlPAG, but not into the dPAG, produced a pronounced enhancement of the fear-potentiated startle response. The results imply that the PAG is a heterogeneous structure that is involved in the coordination of distinct behaviors and autonomic control, suggest PAG involvement in the expression of contextual fear memory as well as implicate the CRF as an important modulator of the neural substrates of fear in the PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina G Borelli
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Mickley GA, Ketchesin KD, Ramos L, Luchsinger JR, Rogers MM, Wiles NR, Hoxha N. Stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray enhances spontaneous recovery of a conditioned taste aversion. Brain Res 2013. [PMID: 23183042 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to its relevance to clinical practice, extinction of learned fears has been a major focus of recent research. However, less is known about the means by which conditioned fears re-emerge (i.e., spontaneously recover) as time passes or contexts change following extinction. The periaqueductal gray represents the final common pathway mediating defensive reactions to fear and we have reported previously that the dorsolateral PAG (dlPAG) exhibits a small but reliable increase in neural activity (as measured by c-fos protein immunoreactivity) when spontaneous recovery (SR) of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is reduced. Here we extend these correlational studies to determine if inducing dlPAG c-fos expression through electrical brain stimulation could cause a reduction in SR of a CTA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats acquired a strong aversion to saccharin (conditioned stimulus; CS) and then underwent CTA extinction through multiple non-reinforced exposures to the CS. Following a 30-day latency period after asymptotic extinction was achieved; rats either received stimulation of the dorsal PAG (dPAG) or stimulation of closely adjacent structures. Sixty minutes following the stimulation, rats were again presented with the saccharin solution as we tested for SR of the CTA. The brain stimulation evoked c-fos expression around the tip of the electrodes. However, stimulation of the dPAG failed to reduce SR of the previously extinguished CTA. In fact, dPAG stimulation caused rats to significantly suppress their saccharin drinking (relative to controls) - indicating an enhanced SR. These data refute a cause-and-effect relationship between enhanced dPAG c-fos expression and a reduction in SR. However, they highlight a role for the dPAG in modulating SR of extinguished CTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andrew Mickley
- The Neuroscience Program, Baldwin Wallace University, 275 Eastland Rd., Berea, OH 44017, USA.
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35
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Rostral ventromedial medulla connections in Cavia porcellus and their relation with tonic immobility defensive behavior: A biotinylated dextran amine neurotracing study. Neurosci Lett 2013; 535:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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da Silva JA, de Freitas RL, Eichenberger GCD, Maria Padovan C, Cysne Coimbra N. Chemical neuroanatomical and psychopharmacological evidence that κ receptor-mediated endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmission in the dorsal and ventral mesencephalon modulates panic-like behaviour. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 698:235-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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37
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Biagioni AF, de Freitas RL, da Silva JA, de Oliveira RC, de Oliveira R, Alves VM, Coimbra NC. Serotonergic neural links from the dorsal raphe nucleus modulate defensive behaviours organised by the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the elaboration of fear-induced antinociception via locus coeruleus pathways. Neuropharmacology 2012. [PMID: 23201351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Decrease of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) evokes instinctive fear-like responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the serotonin (5-HT)- and norepinephrine-mediated pathways of the endogenous pain inhibitory system, including the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus coeruleus (LC), in the defensive responses and antinociceptive processes triggered by the blockade of GABAergic receptors in the DMH. The intra-hypothalamic microinjection of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline (40 ng/200 nL) elicited elaborate defensive behaviours interspersed with exploratory responses. This escape behaviour was followed by significantly increased pain thresholds, a phenomenon known as fear-induced antinociception. Furthermore, at 5 and 14 days after DRN serotonin-containing neurons were damaged using the selective neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), the frequency and duration of alertness and escape behaviour evoked by the GABA(A) receptor blockade in the DMH decreased, as well as fear-induced antinociception. Pre-treatment with the non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide, the 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonist ketanserin and the 5-HT(2A) receptor selective antagonist R-96544 in the LC also decreased fear-induced antinociception, without significant changes in the expression of defensive behaviours. These data suggest that the serotonergic neurons of the DRN are directly involved in the organisation of defensive responses as well as in the elaboration of the innate fear-induced antinociception. However, serotonin-mediated inputs from the NDR to the LC modulate only fear-induced antinociception and not the defensive behaviours evoked by GABA(A) receptor blockade in the DMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Francisco Biagioni
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia & Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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Kim CS, Chang PY, Johnston D. Enhancement of dorsal hippocampal activity by knockdown of HCN1 channels leads to anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behaviors. Neuron 2012; 75:503-16. [PMID: 22884333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is an integral brain region for affective disorders. TRIP8b knockout mice lacking functional HCN channels as well as both HCN1 and HCN2 knockout mice have been shown to display antidepressant-like behaviors. The mechanisms or brain regions involved in these alterations in behavior, however, are not clear. We developed a lentiviral shRNA system to examine whether knockdown of HCN1 protein in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region is sufficient to produce antidepressant-like effects. We found that knockdown of HCN1 channels increased cellular excitability and resulted in physiological changes consistent with a reduction of I(h). Rats infused with lentiviral shRNA-HCN1 in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region displayed antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like behaviors associated with widespread enhancement of hippocampal activity and upregulation of BDNF-mTOR signaling pathways. Our results suggest that HCN1 protein could be a potential target for treatment of anxiety and depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Sub Kim
- Center for Learning and Memory, The Institute for Neuroscience, and Section of Neurobiology University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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39
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Portugal LCL, Pereira MG, Alves RDCS, Tavares G, Lobo I, Rocha-Rego V, Marques-Portella C, Mendlowicz MV, Coutinho ES, Fiszman A, Volchan E, Figueira I, de Oliveira L. Peritraumatic tonic immobility is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in undergraduate Brazilian students. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2012; 34:60-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462012000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Portugal LCL, Pereira MG, Alves RDCS, Tavares G, Lobo I, Rocha-Rego V, Marques-Portella C, Mendlowicz MV, Coutinho ES, Fiszman A, Volchan E, Figueira I, de Oliveira L. Peritraumatic tonic immobility is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in undergraduate Brazilian students. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1516-4446(12)70011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Uribe-Mariño A, Francisco A, Castiblanco-Urbina MA, Twardowschy A, Salgado-Rohner CJ, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Coimbra NC. Anti-aversive effects of cannabidiol on innate fear-induced behaviors evoked by an ethological model of panic attacks based on a prey vs the wild snake Epicrates cenchria crassus confrontation paradigm. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:412-21. [PMID: 21918503 PMCID: PMC3242302 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Several pharmacological targets have been proposed as modulators of panic-like reactions. However, interest should be given to other potential therapeutic neurochemical agents. Recent attention has been given to the potential anxiolytic properties of cannabidiol, because of its complex actions on the endocannabinoid system together with its effects on other neurotransmitter systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cannabidiol on innate fear-related behaviors evoked by a prey vs predator paradigm. Male Swiss mice were submitted to habituation in an arena containing a burrow and subsequently pre-treated with intraperitoneal administrations of vehicle or cannabidiol. A constrictor snake was placed inside the arena, and defensive and non-defensive behaviors were recorded. Cannabidiol caused a clear anti-aversive effect, decreasing explosive escape and defensive immobility behaviors outside and inside the burrow. These results show that cannabidiol modulates defensive behaviors evoked by the presence of threatening stimuli, even in a potentially safe environment following a fear response, suggesting a panicolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Uribe-Mariño
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil,Institute for Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Audrey Francisco
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Maria Angélica Castiblanco-Urbina
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil,Institute for Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - André Twardowschy
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Carlos José Salgado-Rohner
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Setor de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil,National Institute for Science and Translational Technology in Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Setor de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil,National Institute for Science and Translational Technology in Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Waldo Zuardi
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Setor de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil,Institute for Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil,Laboratório de Neuroanatomia and Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brasil. Tel: +55 16 3602 3116, Fax: +55 16 3602 3349, E-mail:
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Broiz AC, Bassi GS, De Souza Silva MA, Brandão ML. Effects of neurokinin-1 and 3-receptor antagonists on the defensive behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience 2011; 201:134-45. [PMID: 22123168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is the main output structure for the defensive response to proximal aversive stimulation. Panic-like responses, such as freezing and escape behaviors, often result when this structure is electrically stimulated. Freezing also ensues after termination of the dPAG stimulation (post-stimulation freezing (PSF)). GABA and 5-HT have been proposed as the main neuromediators of these defense reactions. Neurokinins (NKs) also play a role in the defense reaction; however, it is unclear how the distinct types of NK receptors are involved in the expression of these fear responses. This study investigated the role of NK-1 and NK-3 receptors in the unconditioned defensive behaviors induced by electrical stimulation of the dPAG of rats, with and without previous experience with contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Spantide (100 ρmol/0.2 μl) and SB 222200 (50 and 100 ρmol/0.2 μl), selective antagonists of NK-1 and NK-3 receptors, respectively, were injected into the dPAG. Injection of spantide had antiaversive effects as determined by stimulation of the dPAG in naive animals and in animals subjected previously to CFC. SB 222200 also increased these aversive thresholds but only at doses that caused a motor deficit. Moreover, neither spantide nor SB 222200 influenced the PSF. The results suggest that NK-1 receptors are mainly involved in the mediation of the defensive behaviors organized in the dPAG. Because dPAG-evoked PSF was not affected by intra-dPAG injections of either spantide or SB 222200, it is suggested that neurokinin-mediated mechanisms are not involved in the processing of ascending aversive information from the dPAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Broiz
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Robert G, Drapier D, Bentué-Ferrer D, Renault A, Reymann JM. Acute and chronic anxiogenic-like response to fluoxetine in rats in the elevated plus-maze: Modulation by stressful handling. Behav Brain Res 2011; 220:344-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Efficacy of chronic antidepressant treatments in a new model of extreme anxiety in rats. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:531435. [PMID: 21808731 PMCID: PMC3144710 DOI: 10.1155/2011/531435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of anxious disorders found in humans, such as panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, usually include spontaneous and conditioned fear that triggers escape and avoidance behaviors. The development of a panic disorder model with a learned component should increase knowledge of mechanisms involved in anxiety disorders. In our ethological model of extreme anxiety in the rat, forced apnea was combined with cold water vaporization in an inescapable situation. Based on the reactions of vehicle controls, behaviors involved in paroxysmic fear were passive (freezing) and active (jumping) reactions. Our results show that subchronic fluoxetine (5 mg/kg, IP, 21 days) and imipramine (10 mg/kg, IP, 14 days) administration alleviated freezing and jumping behaviors, whereas acute fluoxetine (1 mg/kg, IP) provoked opposite effects. Acute low dose of diazepam (1 mg/kg, IP) was not effective, whereas the higher dose of 3 mg/kg, IP, and clonazepam (1 mg/kg, IP) only had an effect on jumping. Paroxysmic fear generated in this experimental condition may therefore mimic the symptomatology observed in patients with anxiety disorders.
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Lim LW, Blokland A, Tan S, Vlamings R, Sesia T, Aziz-Mohammadi M, Visser-Vandewalle V, Steinbusch HW, Schruers K, Temel Y. Attenuation of fear-like response by escitalopram treatment after electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Exp Neurol 2010; 226:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ferreira R, Bassi GS, Cabral A, Nobre MJ. Withdrawal from methylphenidate increases neural reactivity of dorsal midbrain. Neurosci Res 2010; 68:290-300. [PMID: 20832433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ritalin (methylphenidate hydrochloride, MP) is a non-amphetamine psychostimulant and is the drug of choice to treat children and adults diagnosed with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have demonstrated that rats treated with MP during early developmental stage exhibit alterations in anxiety-related processes such as an increased response to stressful stimuli and elevated plasma levels of corticosterone. Accordingly, the present study was designed to further characterize the neural and behavioral consequences of withdrawal from MP in adult rats and its influence on the neural reactivity of the dorsal midbrain. After initial exposure to an elevated plus-maze (EPM), brainstem neural activation, elicited by exposure to EPM aversive cues, was analyzed using a Fos-protein immunolabeling technique. Additional independent groups of animals were submitted to electrical stimulation of the dorsal column (DPAG) or the startle response procedure, in order to verify the influence of withdrawal from MP on the expression of unconditioned fear induced by DPAG activation and the effects of or withdrawal from MP on motor response, respectively. Our results provide new findings about the influence of MP treatment in adult rats, showing that, after a sudden MP treatment-break, increased anxiety, associated with the neural sensitization of anxiety-related regions, ensues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferreira
- Instituto de Neurociências & Comportamento, University of São Paulo, Campus Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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47
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Facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in dorsal periaqueductal grey matter accounts for the panicolytic-like effect of chronic fluoxetine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:1079-88. [PMID: 19941697 DOI: 10.1017/s146114570999099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic administration of antidepressants such as fluoxetine and imipramine increases the responsiveness of 5-HT(1A) receptors in dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (DPAG), a midbrain area consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. This effect has been related to the clinically relevant anti-panic action of these drugs. In this study we determined whether long-term administration of fluoxetine also affects 5-HT efflux in DPAG. As a comparison, the effect of chronic treatment with the anxiolytic 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist buspirone on DPAG 5-HT levels was assessed. We also investigated whether the inhibitory effect of chronic fluoxetine on escape behaviour in the rat elevated T-maze, considered as a panicolytic-like effect, is counteracted by intra-DPAG injection of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY 100635. Male Wistar rats were treated (1 or 21 d, i.p.) with fluoxetine, buspirone or vehicle, once daily. After treatment, 5-HT in DPAG was measured by in-vivo microdialysis coupled to HPLC. In another study, rats treated (21 d, i.p.) with either fluoxetine or vehicle also received intra-DPAG injection of WAY 100635 or saline 10 min before being tested in the elevated T-maze. Chronic, but not acute, administration of fluoxetine significantly raised extracellular levels of 5-HT in DPAG. Long-term treatment with buspirone was ineffective. In the elevated T-maze, intra-DPAG injection of WAY 100635 fully blocked the anti-escape effect of chronic administration of fluoxetine. Therefore, chronic fluoxetine facilitates 5-HT(1A)-mediated neurotransmission within DPAG and this effect accounts for the panicolytic-like effect of this antidepressant in the elevated T-maze.
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Albrechet-Souza L, Borelli K, Carvalho M, Brandão M. The anterior cingulate cortex is a target structure for the anxiolytic-like effects of benzodiazepines assessed by repeated exposure to the elevated plus maze and Fos immunoreactivity. Neuroscience 2009; 164:387-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Freitas RL, Uribe-Mariño A, Castiblanco-Urbina MA, Elias-Filho DH, Coimbra NC. GABA(A) receptor blockade in dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus evokes panic-like elaborated defensive behaviour followed by innate fear-induced antinociception. Brain Res 2009; 1305:118-31. [PMID: 19799880 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction in the hypothalamic GABAergic system has been implicated in panic syndrome in humans. Furthermore, several studies have implicated the hypothalamus in the elaboration of pain modulation. Panic-prone states are able to be experimentally induced in laboratory animals to study this phenomenon. The aim of the present work was to investigate the involvement of medial hypothalamic nuclei in the organization of panic-like behaviour and the innate fear-induced oscillations of nociceptive thresholds. The blockade of GABA(A) receptors in the neuronal substrates of the ventromedial or dorsomedial hypothalamus was followed by elaborated defensive panic-like reactions. Moreover, innate fear-induced antinociception was consistently elicited after the escape behaviour. The escape responses organized by the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei were characteristically more elaborated, and a remarkable exploratory behaviour was recorded during GABA(A) receptor blockade in the medial hypothalamus. The motor characteristic of the elaborated defensive escape behaviour and the patterns of defensive alertness and defensive immobility induced by microinjection of the bicuculline either into the dorsomedial or into the ventromedial hypothalamus were very similar. This was followed by the same pattern of innate fear-induced antinociceptive response that lasted approximately 40 min after the elaborated defensive escape reaction in both cases. These findings suggest that dysfunction of the GABA-mediated neuronal system in the medial hypothalamus causes panic-like responses in laboratory animals, and that the elaborated escape behaviour organized in both dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei are followed by significant innate-fear-induced antinociception. Our findings indicate that the GABA(A) receptor of dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei are critically involved in the modulation of panic-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Leonardo Freitas
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia & Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto (SP), 14049-900, Brasil.
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Burgdorf J, Panksepp J, Brudzynski SM, Beinfeld MC, Cromwell HC, Kroes RA, Moskal JR. The effects of selective breeding for differential rates of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations on emotional behavior in rats. Dev Psychobiol 2009; 51:34-46. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.20343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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