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Shah PM, Pillarella NR, Telatin M, Negroni NC, Baals JN, Haemmerle GL, Pillari BT, Rhoads DE. Alcohol withdrawal and amphetamine co-use in an animal model for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38833614 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2349885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: Non-medical use of amphetamine and other stimulants prescribed for treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is of special concern when combined with alcohol consumption. In a previous study, we modeled chronic ethanol-amphetamine co-use in adolescent Long-Evans (LE) rats and provided evidence that amphetamine attenuates alcohol withdrawal symptoms.Objectives: This project modeled co-use of amphetamine with alcohol in adolescents with ADHD-like symptoms by examining ethanol-amphetamine administration in adolescent Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), an experimental model for the study of ADHD. Withdrawal symptoms were compared among SHR and two control rat strains, LE and Wistar Kyoto (WKY).Methods: At postnatal day 32, parallel groups of 12-24 male SHR, WKY and LE rats were administered a liquid diet containing ethanol (3.6%) and/or amphetamine (20 mg/L). Following administration periods up to 26 days, rats were withdrawn from their treatment and tested for overall severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms, general locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior.Results: Overall withdrawal severity was lower for SHR than for LE (p < .001) or WKY (p = .027). Co-consumption of amphetamine decreased withdrawal severity for LE (p = .033) and WKY (p = .011) but not SHR (p = .600). Only WKY showed increased anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal (p = .031), but not after amphetamine co-administration (p = .832).Conclusion: Alcohol withdrawal severity may be attenuated when co-used with amphetamine. However, as a model for ADHD, SHR adolescents appeared resistant to developing significant signs of alcohol withdrawal following alcohol consumption. Whether alcohol withdrawal symptoms are attenuated or absent, potential consequences could include a decreased awareness of an emerging problem with alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja M Shah
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Marta Telatin
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie C Negroni
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica N Baals
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Grace L Haemmerle
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Dennis E Rhoads
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
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Pharmacological depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine with para-chlorophenylalanine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine reverses the antidepressant-like effects of adolescent caffeine exposure in the male rat. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:768-775. [PMID: 32897889 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent exposure to caffeine has been shown to decrease immobility in the forced swim test, suggesting and antidepressant-like effect of caffeine; however, studies have produced different results with regard to caffeine-induced active behaviors. The present study attempted to clarify the possible neurochemical mechanisms of caffeine's action by selectively depleting norepinephrine with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or serotonin with para-chlorophenylalanine in two separate experiments and assessing the ability for caffeine to alter anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior. Caffeine-treated adolescent male rats were exposed to caffeine (0.25 g/L) in their drinking water beginning on P28. A-methyl-p-tyrosine, para-chlorophenylalanine, or saline were administered prior to light-dark, open field, and forced swim testing beginning on P45. Caffeine-induced reductions in immobility and increases in swimming in the forced swim test were reversed by both a-methyl-p-tyrosine and para-chlorophenylalanine. Caffeine-induced increases in crosses and rears were reversed by para-chlorophenylalanine but not alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, whereas caffeine-induced increases in transitions in the LD test were reversed by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine but not para-chlorophenylalanine. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine-induced decreases in immobility in male rats requires both norepinephrine and serotonin as depletion of either prevents the induction of immobility by chronic caffeine.
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Acute food deprivation separates motor-activating from anxiolytic effects of caffeine in a rat open field test model. Behav Pharmacol 2019. [PMID: 29543609 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Similar doses of caffeine have been shown to produce either anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects in rats. The reasons for these conflicting results are not known. We hypothesized that food deprivation stress interacts with the stimulant effects of caffeine to increase anxiety-like behavior. We tested 32 female Sprague Dawley rats in a dim open field for 10 min. Half of the animals were food deprived for 24 h and injected (intraperitoneal) with caffeine (30 mg/kg; n=7) or deionized water (n=8) 20 min before the open field test. The other half was nondeprived and injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg; n=8) or deionized water (n=9). Results showed that nondeprived rats injected with caffeine moved longer distances and at a greater speed in the periphery and moved longer distances and spent more time in the center than rats treated with vehicle, indicative of motor-activating and/or anxiolytic effects of caffeine. Rats that were food deprived and injected with caffeine moved longer distances in the center and tended to spend more time there, indicative of anxiolysis. We conclude that caffeine had two effects on behavior, motor activation and a reduction of anxiety, and that food deprivation separated these effects.
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Larson TA, O’Neill CE, Palumbo MP, Bachtell RK. Effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine seeking. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:269881118812098. [PMID: 30484365 PMCID: PMC6766411 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Caffeine consumption by children and adolescents has risen dramatically in recent years, yet the lasting effects of caffeine consumption during adolescence remain poorly understood. AIM: These experiments explore the effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and seeking using a rodent model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats consumed caffeine for 28 days during the adolescent period. Following the caffeine consumption period, the caffeine solution was replaced with water for the remainder of the experiment. Age-matched control rats received water for the duration of the study. Behavioral testing in a cocaine self-administration procedure occurred during adulthood (postnatal days 62-82) to evaluate how adolescent caffeine exposure influenced the reinforcing properties of cocaine. Cocaine seeking was also tested during extinction training and reinstatement tests following cocaine self-administration. RESULTS: Adolescent caffeine consumption increased the acquisition of cocaine self-administration and increased performance on different schedules of reinforcement. Consumption of caffeine in adult rats did not produce similar enhancements in cocaine self-administration. Adolescent caffeine consumption also produced an upward shift in the U-shaped dose response curve on cocaine self-administration maintained on a within-session dose-response procedure. Adolescent caffeine consumption had no effect on cocaine seeking during extinction training or reinstatement of cocaine seeking by cues or cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that caffeine consumption during adolescence may enhance the reinforcing properties of cocaine, leading to enhanced acquisition that may contribute to increased addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Casey E O’Neill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Michaela P Palumbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Ryan K Bachtell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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Dos Santos MKF, Gavioli EC, Rosa LS, de Paula Soares-Rachetti V, Lobão-Soares B. Craving espresso: the dialetics in classifying caffeine as an abuse drug. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:1301-1318. [PMID: 30338342 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world; in general, it is not associated to potentially harmful effects. Nevertheless, few studies were performed attempting to investigate the caffeine addiction. The present review was mainly aimed to answer the following question: is caffeine an abuse drug? To adress this point, the effects of caffeine in preclinical and clinical studies were summarized and critically analyzed taking account the abuse disorders described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). We concluded that the diagnostic criteria evidenced on DSM-V to intoxication-continued use and abstinence are not well supported by clinical studies. The fact that diagnostic criteria is not widely supported by preclinical or clinical studies may be due specially to a controversy in its exactly mechanism of action: recent literature point to an indirect, rather than direct modulation of dopamine receptors, and auto-limitant consumption due to adverse sensations in high doses. On the other hand, it reports clear withdrawal-related symptoms. Thus, based on a classical action on reward system, caffeine only partially fits its mechanism of action as an abuse drug, especially because previous research does not report a clear effect of dopaminergic activity enhance on nucleus accumbens; despite this, there are reports concerning dopaminergic modulation by caffeine on the striatum. However, based on human and animal research, caffeine withdrawal evokes signals and symptoms, which are relevant enough to include this substance among the drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kenedy Felix Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Gavioli
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Lorena Santa Rosa
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Paula Soares-Rachetti
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
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Co-administration of amphetamine with alcohol results in decreased alcohol withdrawal severity in adolescent rats. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29:547-550. [PMID: 29595541 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous use of stimulants and alcohol is a growing problem, particularly among older adolescents already prone to binge alcohol consumption. Adolescent rats consume high levels of alcohol when administered in a liquid diet and develop a strong alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We exploited this system to administer amphetamine in combination with alcohol and to test the effect of co-administration of amphetamine on alcohol withdrawal-induced hypoactivity and overall withdrawal severity. The presence of dietary amphetamine (≤40 mg/l) had no effect on consumption of control or alcohol-containing diets. Measured in an activity chamber, alcohol withdrawal hypoactivity was reduced significantly by co-administration of amphetamine with alcohol. Overall withdrawal severity was also reduced significantly when rats consumed amphetamine with alcohol. The results suggest that amphetamine co-use may mask physical signs of alcohol dependency and add to the importance of educational strategies pointing out the potential problems associated with co-use of stimulants and alcohol.
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Job MO. Injection of Cocaine-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide into the nucleus accumbens does not inhibit caffeine-induced locomotor activity: Implications for CART peptide mechanism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:8-14. [PMID: 27168116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence suggests that intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) CART peptide (CART 55-102) injection inhibits locomotor activity (LMA) when there is an increase in the release and activity of dopamine (DA) in the NAc. However, this hypothesis has not been fully tested. One way to examine this is to determine if there is a lack of effect of intra-NAc CART peptide on LMA that does not involve increases in DA release in the NAc. Several studies have suggested that caffeine-induced LMA does not involve extracellular DA release in the NAc core. Therefore, in this study, we have examined the effect of injections of CART peptide (2.5μg) into the NAc core on the locomotor effects of caffeine in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Several LMA relevant doses of caffeine were used (0, 10, 20mg/kg i.p.), and an inverted U response curve was found as expected. We determined, in the same animals, that intra-NAc CART peptide had no effect on caffeine-induced LMA whereas it blunted cocaine-mediated LMA, as shown by other reports. We also extended a previous observation in mice by showing that at a LMA activating dose of caffeine there is no alteration of CART peptide levels in the NAc of rats. Our study supports the hypothesis that the inhibitory effects of CART peptide in the NAc may be exerted only under conditions of increased extracellular DA release and activity in this region. Our results also suggest that intra-NAc CART 55-102 does not generally inhibit increases in LMA due to all drugs, but has a more specific inhibitory effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O Job
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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O'Neill CE, Newsom RJ, Stafford J, Scott T, Archuleta S, Levis SC, Spencer RL, Campeau S, Bachtell RK. Adolescent caffeine consumption increases adulthood anxiety-related behavior and modifies neuroendocrine signaling. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 67:40-50. [PMID: 26874560 PMCID: PMC4808446 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a commonly used psychoactive substance and consumption by children and adolescents continues to rise. Here, we examine the lasting effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on anxiety-related behaviors and several neuroendocrine measures in adulthood. Adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed caffeine (0.3g/L) for 28 consecutive days from postnatal day 28 (P28) to P55. Age-matched control rats consumed water. Behavioral testing for anxiety-related behavior began in adulthood (P62) 7 days after removal of caffeine. Adolescent caffeine consumption enhanced anxiety-related behavior in an open field, social interaction test, and elevated plus maze. Similar caffeine consumption in adult rats did not alter anxiety-related behavior after caffeine removal. Characterization of neuroendocrine measures was next assessed to determine whether the changes in anxiety were associated with modifications in the HPA axis. Blood plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) were assessed throughout the caffeine consumption procedure in adolescent rats. Adolescent caffeine consumption elevated plasma CORT 24h after initiation of caffeine consumption that normalized over the course of the 28-day consumption procedure. CORT levels were also elevated 24h after caffeine removal and remained elevated for 7 days. Despite elevated basal CORT in adult rats that consumed caffeine during adolescence, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and CORT response to placement on an elevated pedestal (a mild stressor) was significantly blunted. Lastly, we assessed changes in basal and stress-induced c-fos and corticotropin-releasing factor (Crf) mRNA expression in brain tissue collected at 7 days withdrawal from adolescent caffeine. Adolescent caffeine consumption increased basal c-fos mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Adolescent caffeine consumption had no other effects on the basal or stress-induced c-fos mRNA changes. Caffeine consumption during adolescence increased basal Crf mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala, but no additional effects of stress or caffeine consumption were observed in other brain regions. Together these findings suggest that adolescent caffeine consumption may increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders including anxiety-related disorders, and this vulnerability may result from dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E O'Neill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ryan J Newsom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacob Stafford
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Talia Scott
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Solana Archuleta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sophia C Levis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert L Spencer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Serge Campeau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ryan K Bachtell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Ferré S. Mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine: implications for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1963-79. [PMID: 26786412 PMCID: PMC4846529 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychostimulant properties of caffeine are reviewed and compared with those of prototypical psychostimulants able to cause substance use disorders (SUD). Caffeine produces psychomotor-activating, reinforcing, and arousing effects, which depend on its ability to disinhibit the brake that endogenous adenosine imposes on the ascending dopamine and arousal systems. OBJECTIVES A model that considers the striatal adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromer as a key modulator of dopamine-dependent striatal functions (reward-oriented behavior and learning of stimulus-reward and reward-response associations) is introduced, which should explain most of the psychomotor and reinforcing effects of caffeine. HIGHLIGHTS The model can explain the caffeine-induced rotational behavior in rats with unilateral striatal dopamine denervation and the ability of caffeine to reverse the adipsic-aphagic syndrome in dopamine-deficient rodents. The model can also explain the weaker reinforcing effects and low abuse liability of caffeine, compared with prototypical psychostimulants. Finally, the model can explain the actual major societal dangers of caffeine: the ability of caffeine to potentiate the addictive and toxic effects of drugs of abuse, with the particularly alarming associations of caffeine (as adulterant) with cocaine, amphetamine derivatives, synthetic cathinones, and energy drinks with alcohol, and the higher sensitivity of children and adolescents to the psychostimulant effects of caffeine and its potential to increase vulnerability to SUD. CONCLUSIONS The striatal A2A-D2 receptor heteromer constitutes an unequivocal main pharmacological target of caffeine and provides the main mechanisms by which caffeine potentiates the acute and long-term effects of prototypical psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Triad Technology Building, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Chronic caffeine produces sexually dimorphic effects on amphetamine-induced behavior, anxiety and depressive-like behavior in adolescent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 143:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cappelletti S, Piacentino D, Daria P, Sani G, Aromatario M. Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:71-88. [PMID: 26074744 PMCID: PMC4462044 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141210215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine use is increasing worldwide. The underlying motivations are mainly concentration
and memory enhancement and physical performance improvement. Coffee and caffeine-containing
products affect the cardiovascular system, with their positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and
the central nervous system, with their locomotor activity stimulation and anxiogenic-like effects.
Thus, it is of interest to examine whether these effects could be detrimental for health. Furthermore,
caffeine abuse and dependence are becoming more and more common and can lead to caffeine
intoxication, which puts individuals at risk for premature and unnatural death. The present review summarizes the main
findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action (focusing on adenosine antagonism, intracellular calcium
mobilization, and phosphodiesterases inhibition), use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects. It also suggests
that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative, since doses below the toxic and/or lethal range may play a causal
role in intoxication or death. This could be due to caffeine’s interaction with other substances or to the individuals' preexisting
metabolism alterations or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cappelletti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Piacentino Daria
- NESMOS (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- NESMOS (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Aromatario
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Caffeine treatment aggravates secondary degeneration after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2015; 1634:75-82. [PMID: 26746340 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in some form of paralysis. Recently, SCI therapy has been focused on preventing secondary injury to reduce both neuroinflammation and lesion size so that functional outcome after an SCI may be improved. Previous studies have shown that adenosine receptors (AR) are a major regulator of inflammation after an SCI. The current study was performed to examine the effect of caffeine, a pan-AR blocker, on spontaneous functional recovery after an SCI. Animals were assigned into 3 groups randomly, including sham, PBS and caffeine groups. The rat SCI was generated by an NYU impactor with a 10 g rod dropped from a 25 mm height at thoracic 9 spinal cord level. Caffeine and PBS were injected daily during the experiment period. Hind limb motor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale at 1 week and 4 weeks after the SCI. Spinal cord segments were collected after final behavior evaluation for morphological analysis. The tissue sparing was evaluated by luxol fast blue staining. Immunofluorescence stain was employed to assess astrocyte activation and neurofilament positioning, while microglia activation was examined by immunohistochemistry stain.The results showed that spontaneous functional recovery was blocked after the animals were subjected caffeine daily. Moreover, caffeine administration increased the demyelination area, promoted astrocyte and microglia activation and decreased the quantity of neurofilaments. These findings suggest that the neurotoxicity effect of caffeine may be associated with the inhibition of neural repair and the promotion of neuroinflammation.
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Effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine sensitivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:813-21. [PMID: 25328052 PMCID: PMC4330515 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is the most commonly used psychoactive substance, and consumption by adolescents has risen markedly in recent years. We identified the effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine sensitivity and determined neurobiological changes within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that may underlie caffeine-induced hypersensitivity to cocaine. Male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed caffeine (0.3 g/l) or water for 28 days during adolescence (postnatal day 28-55; P28-P55) or adulthood (P67-P94). Testing occurred in the absence of caffeine during adulthood (P62-82 or P101-121). Cocaine-induced and quinpirole (D2 receptor agonist)-induced locomotion was enhanced in rats that consumed caffeine during adolescence. Adolescent consumption of caffeine also enhanced the development of a conditioned place preference at a sub-threshold dose of cocaine (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.). These behavioral changes were not observed in adults consuming caffeine for an equivalent period of time. Sucrose preferences were not altered in rats that consumed caffeine during adolescence, suggesting there are no differences in natural reward. Caffeine consumption during adolescence reduced basal dopamine levels and augmented dopamine release in the NAc in response to cocaine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Caffeine consumption during adolescence also increased the expression of the dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine transporter, and adenosine A1 receptor and decreased adenosine A2A receptor expression in the NAc. Consumption of caffeine during adulthood increased adenosine A1 receptor expression in the NAc, but no other protein expression changes were observed. Together these findings suggest that caffeine consumption during adolescence produced changes in the NAc that are evident in adulthood and may contribute to increases in cocaine-mediated behaviors.
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Evidence for anxiolytic effects of acute caffeine on anxiety-related behavior in male and female rats tested with and without bright light. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ardais A, Borges M, Rocha A, Sallaberry C, Cunha R, Porciúncula L. Caffeine triggers behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adolescent rats. Neuroscience 2014; 270:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Porciúncula LO, Sallaberry C, Mioranzza S, Botton PHS, Rosemberg DB. The Janus face of caffeine. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:594-609. [PMID: 24055856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is certainly the psychostimulant substance most consumed worldwide. Over the past years, chronic consumption of caffeine has been associated with prevention of cognitive decline associated to aging and mnemonic deficits of brain disorders. While its preventive effects have been reported extensively, the cognitive enhancer properties of caffeine are relatively under debate. Surprisingly, there are scarce detailed ontogenetic studies focusing on neurochemical parameters related to the effects of caffeine during prenatal and earlier postnatal periods. Furthermore, despite the large number of epidemiological studies, it remains unclear how safe is caffeine consumption during pregnancy and brain development. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review what is currently known about the actions of caffeine intake on neurobehavioral and adenosinergic system during brain development. We also reviewed other neurochemical systems affected by caffeine, but not only during brain development. Besides, some recent epidemiological studies were also outlined with the control of "pregnancy signal" as confounding variable. The idea is to tease out how studies on the impact of caffeine consumption during brain development deserve more attention and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
| | - Cássia Sallaberry
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Mioranzza
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique S Botton
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó. Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó/SC, Brazil
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Pitchon DN, Zook M, Rhoads DE. A Pattern of Adolescent Caffeine Consumption that Reduces Alcohol Withdrawal Severity. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2013.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darsi N. Pitchon
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, W. Long Branch, New Jersey
| | - Michelle Zook
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, W. Long Branch, New Jersey
| | - Dennis E. Rhoads
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, W. Long Branch, New Jersey
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