1
|
Vinnakota C, Schroeder A, Du X, Ikeda K, Ide S, Mishina M, Hudson M, Jones NC, Sundram S, Hill RA. Understanding the role of the NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2D, in mediating NMDA receptor antagonist-induced behavioral disruptions in male and female mice. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25257. [PMID: 37814998 PMCID: PMC10953441 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine cause psychosis-like symptoms in healthy humans, exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms in people with the disorder, and disrupt a range of schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in rodents, including hyperlocomotion. This is negated in mice lacking the GluN2D subunit of the NMDAR, suggesting the GluN2D subunit mediates the hyperlocomotor effects of these drugs. However, the role of GluN2D in mediating other schizophrenia-relevant NMDAR antagonist-induced behavioral disturbances, and in both sexes, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the GluN2D subunit in mediating schizophrenia-relevant behaviors induced by a range of NMDA receptor antagonists. Using both male and female GluN2D knockout (KO) mice, we examined the effects of the NMDAR antagonist's PCP, the S-ketamine enantiomer (S-ket), and the ketamine metabolite R-norketamine (R-norket) on locomotor activity, anxiety-related behavior, and recognition and short-term spatial memory. GluN2D-KO mice showed a blunted locomotor response to R-norket, S-ket, and PCP, a phenotype present in both sexes. GluN2D-KO mice of both sexes showed an anxious phenotype and S-ket, R-norket, and PCP showed anxiolytic effects that were dependent on sex and genotype. S-ket disrupted spatial recognition memory in females and novel object recognition memory in both sexes, independent of genotype. This datum identifies a role for the GluN2D subunit in sex-specific effects of NMDAR antagonists and on the differential effects of the R- and S-ket enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Vinnakota
- Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anna Schroeder
- Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Xin Du
- Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Soichiro Ide
- Addictive Substance ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and TechnologyRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Mental Health ProgramMonash HealthClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rachel Anne Hill
- Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lovick TA, Zangrossi H. Effect of Estrous Cycle on Behavior of Females in Rodent Tests of Anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711065. [PMID: 34531768 PMCID: PMC8438218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions e.g., premenstrual syndrome, are menstrual cycle specific. Animal models of fear and anxiety, which form the basis for research into drug treatments, have been developed almost exclusively, using males. There remains a paucity of work using females and the available literature presents a confusing picture. One confound is the estrous cycle in females, which some authors consider, but many do not. Importantly, there are no accepted standardized criteria for defining cycle phase, which is important given the rapidly changing hormonal profile during the 4-day cycle of rodents. Moreover, since many behavioral tests that involve a learning component or that consider extinction of a previously acquired association require several days to complete; the outcome may depend on the phase of the cycle on the days of training as well as on test days. In this article we consider responsiveness of females compared to males in a number of commonly used behavioral tests of anxiety and fear that were developed in male rodents. We conclude that females perform in a qualitatively similar manner to males in most tests although there may be sex and strain differences in sensitivity. Tests based on unconditioned threatening stimuli are significantly influenced by estrous cycle phase with animals displaying increased responsiveness in the late diestrus phase of the cycle (similar to the premenstrual phase in women). Tests that utilize conditioned fear paradigms, which involve a learning component appear to be less impacted by the estrous cycle although sex and cycle-related differences in responding can still be detected. Ethologically-relevant tests appear to have more translational value in females. However, even when sex differences in behavior are not detected, the same outward behavioral response may be mediated by different brain mechanisms. In order to progress basic research in the field of female psychiatry and psychopharmacology, there is a pressing need to validate and standardize experimental protocols for using female animal models of anxiety-related states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thelma A. Lovick
- Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hélio Zangrossi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Voronin MV, Vakhitova YV, Tsypysheva IP, Tsypyshev DO, Rybina IV, Kurbanov RD, Abramova EV, Seredenin SB. Involvement of Chaperone Sigma1R in the Anxiolytic Effect of Fabomotizole. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5455. [PMID: 34064275 PMCID: PMC8196847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (chaperone Sigma1R) is an intracellular protein with chaperone functions, which is expressed in various organs, including the brain. Sigma1R participates in the regulation of physiological mechanisms of anxiety (Su, T. P. et al., 2016) and reactions to emotional stress (Hayashi, T., 2015). In 2006, fabomotizole (ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was registered in Russia as an anxiolytic (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The molecular targets of fabomotizole are Sigma1R, NRH: quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The current study aimed to clarify the dependence of fabomotizole anxiolytic action on its interaction with Sigma1R and perform a docking analysis of fabomotizole interaction with Sigma1R. An elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that the anxiolytic-like effect of fabomotizole (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male BALB/c mice 30 min prior EPM exposition was blocked by Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and NE-100 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment. Results of initial in silico study showed that fabomotizole locates in the active center of Sigma1R, reproducing the interactions with the site's amino acids common for established Sigma1R ligands, with the ΔGbind value closer to that of agonist (+)-pentazocine in the 6DK1 binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Yulia V. Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sex and housing conditions modify the effects of adolescent caffeine exposure on anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior in the rat. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:539-546. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Costa G, Serra M, Pintori N, Casu MA, Zanda MT, Murtas D, De Luca MA, Simola N, Fattore L. The novel psychoactive substance methoxetamine induces persistent behavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity in rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:219-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Ding XF, Wang HJ, Qian L, Hu ZY, Feng SF, Wu Y, Yang HH, Wu HT, Fan WH, Fan M. Cpne5 is Involved in Regulating Rodent Anxiety Level. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:266-268. [PMID: 28168849 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Yao Hu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Fang Feng
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chronic caffeine produces sexually dimorphic effects on amphetamine-induced behavior, anxiety and depressive-like behavior in adolescent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 143:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Kokras N, Dalla C. Sex differences in animal models of psychiatric disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4595-619. [PMID: 24697577 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are characterized by sex differences in their prevalence, symptomatology and treatment response. Animal models have been widely employed for the investigation of the neurobiology of such disorders and the discovery of new treatments. However, mostly male animals have been used in preclinical pharmacological studies. In this review, we highlight the need for the inclusion of both male and female animals in experimental studies aiming at gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. We present behavioural findings on sex differences from animal models of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism. Moreover, when available, we include studies conducted across different stages of the oestrous cycle. By inspection of the relevant literature, it is obvious that robust sex differences exist in models of all psychiatric disorders. However, many times results are conflicting, and no clear conclusion regarding the direction of sex differences and the effect of the oestrous cycle is drawn. Moreover, there is a lack of considerable amount of studies using psychiatric drugs in both male and female animals, in order to evaluate the differential response between the two sexes. Notably, while in most cases animal models successfully mimic drug response in both sexes, test parameters and treatment-sensitive behavioural indices are not always the same for male and female rodents. Thus, there is an increasing need to validate animal models for both sexes and use standard procedures across different laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metaxas A, Willems R, Kooijman E, Renjaän V, Klein P, Windhorst A, Donck LV, Leysen J, Berckel BV. Subchronic treatment with phencyclidine in adolescence leads to impaired exploratory behavior in adult rats without altering social interaction orN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor binding levels. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1599-607. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Metaxas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. Willems
- Neuroscience Discovery; Janssen Research and Development; a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Beerse Belgium
| | - E.J.M. Kooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - V.A. Renjaän
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - P.J. Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A.D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. Ver Donck
- Neuroscience Discovery; Janssen Research and Development; a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Beerse Belgium
| | - J.E. Leysen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B.N.M. van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Modeling combined schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:130-42. [PMID: 24747658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with a complex behavioral and cognitive phenotype underlined by a similarly complex etiology involving an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors during early development. Limited progress has been made in developing novel pharmacotherapy, partly due to a lack of valid animal models. The recent recognition of the potentially causal role of central and peripheral energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia raises the need of research on animal models that combine both behavioral and metabolic phenotypic domains, similar to what have been identified in humans. In this review we focus on selected genetic (DBA/2J mice, leptin receptor mutants, and PSD-93 knockout mice), early neurodevelopmental (maternal protein deprivation) and pharmacological (acute phencyclidine) animal models that capture the combined behavioral and metabolic abnormalities shown by schizophrenic patients. In reviewing behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia we apply the principles established by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) for better translation. We demonstrate that etiologically diverse manipulations such as specific breeding, deletion of genes that are primarily involved in metabolic regulation and in synaptic plasticity, as well as early metabolic deprivation and adult pharmacological challenge of the glutamate system can lead to schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes, which suggest that these pathways might be interlinked. We propose that using animal models that combine different domains of schizophrenia can be used as a translationally valid approach to capture the system-level complex interplay between peripheral and central processes in the development of psychopathology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Walgren JL, Carfagna MA, Koger D, Sgro M, Kallman MJ. Withdrawal assessment following subchronic oral ketamine administration in Cynomolgus macaques. Drug Dev Res 2014; 75:162-71. [PMID: 24648280 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently there is increased regulatory interest in the assessment of physical dependence and withdrawal as part of the safety assessment for novel therapeutic entities. Choosing appropriate and sensitive parameters to detect withdrawal syndromes, and relevant positive control comparator drugs that can be administered in the same manner as the test agent, are critical study design elements. Pilot studies to determine the effects of oral ketamine in cynomolgus monkeys during, and following cessation of treatment, were explored. Detailed behavioral observations (both remote and interactive), food consumption, and body weight and temperature, were assessed during the dose-ranging, repeat dose (5 or 14 days), and withdrawal phases (3 or 5 days). Doses explored during dose-ranging included 20, 40, 100, or 200 mg/kg ketamine; subsequent withdrawal assessments were conducted following repeat dosing of 150 mg/kg. In the 14-day dosing study, exposure to ketamine and norketamine was assessed following 8 days of dosing. Administration of 150 mg/kg ketamine produced decreased activity, loss of balance, ataxia, hunched posture, nystagmus, lateral recumbence, and changes in alertness levels during dosing phases. When ketamine was withdrawn, increased reactivity, increased activity, and stereotypic behaviors were demonstrated that were absent during baseline or the dosing phase of the studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie L Walgren
- Non-Clinical Safety Assessment, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neelkantan N, Mikhaylova A, Stewart AM, Arnold R, Gjeloshi V, Kondaveeti D, Poudel MK, Kalueff AV. Perspectives on zebrafish models of hallucinogenic drugs and related psychotropic compounds. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1137-50. [PMID: 23883191 DOI: 10.1021/cn400090q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among different classes of psychotropic drugs, hallucinogenic agents exert one of the most prominent effects on human and animal behaviors, markedly altering sensory, motor, affective, and cognitive responses. The growing clinical and preclinical interest in psychedelic, dissociative, and deliriant hallucinogens necessitates novel translational, sensitive, and high-throughput in vivo models and screens. Primate and rodent models have been traditionally used to study cellular mechanisms and neural circuits of hallucinogenic drugs' action. The utility of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) in neuroscience research is rapidly growing due to their high physiological and genetic homology to humans, ease of genetic manipulation, robust behaviors, and cost effectiveness. Possessing a fully characterized genome, both adult and larval zebrafish are currently widely used for in vivo screening of various psychotropic compounds, including hallucinogens and related drugs. Recognizing the growing importance of hallucinogens in biological psychiatry, here we discuss hallucinogenic-induced phenotypes in zebrafish and evaluate their potential as efficient preclinical models of drug-induced states in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Neelkantan
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
- Departments of Physiology and
Pharmacology, International American University College of Medicine, Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, WI
| | - Alina Mikhaylova
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
- Departments of Physiology and
Pharmacology, International American University College of Medicine, Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, WI
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Raymond Arnold
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
- Departments of Physiology and
Pharmacology, International American University College of Medicine, Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, WI
| | - Visar Gjeloshi
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
| | - Divya Kondaveeti
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
| | - Manoj K. Poudel
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
- Departments of Physiology and
Pharmacology, International American University College of Medicine, Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, WI
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and ZENEREI Institute, 309
Palmer Court, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amani M, Samadi H, Doosti MH, Azarfarin M, Bakhtiari A, Majidi-Zolbanin N, Mirza-Rahimi M, Salari AA. Neonatal NMDA receptor blockade alters anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:87-97. [PMID: 23688920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade in the neonatal period has a long-lasting influence on brain and behavior development and has been linked to an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders in later life. We sought to determine whether postnatal NMDA receptor blockade can affect normal development of body weight, corticosterone levels, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in male and female mice in adulthood. For this purpose, male and female NMRI mice were treated with either saline or phencyclidine (PCP; 5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) on postnatal days (PND) 7, 9, and 11, and then subjected to different behavioral tests, including open field, elevated plus-maze, elevated zero-maze, light-dark box, tail suspension test and forced swimming test in adulthood. The results indicated that neonatal PCP treatment reduced body weight during neonatal and adulthood periods, and did not alter baseline corticosterone levels in both male and female mice. Moreover, this study obtained some experimental evidence showing the PCP at dose of 10 mg/kg increases stress-induced corticosterone levels, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in males, while decreasing levels of anxiety without any significant effect on depression in female mice in adulthood. These data support the argument that neonatal NMDA receptor blockade can lead to behavioral abnormalities and psychiatric diseases in adulthood. Collectively, our findings suggest that neonatal exposure to PCP may have profound effects on the development of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a sex- and dose-dependent manner in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Psychopharmacological effects of acute exposure to kynurenic acid (KYNA) in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 108:54-60. [PMID: 23583441 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an important endogenous neuromodulator and neuroprotector, that also exerts neurotropic effects following exogenous administration. In humans and animals, KYNA regulates affective and cognitive responses, acting mainly as an antagonist of glutamatergic receptors. However, the complete psychopharmacological profile of KYNA (which includes the activity of several neurotransmitter receptors) is poorly understood, and merit further studies. Aquatic models are rapidly emerging as useful tools in translational psychopharmacology research. Here, we exposed adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to exogenous KYNA for 20 min, and assessed their behavior in the novel tank test. Exposure to KYNA (20 mg/L) in this paradigm evoked overt effects in fish, including decreased latency to enter the top half of the tank, increased number of top entries and longer top duration. In contrast, locomotor activity indices (swimming distance and velocity) were not affected by KYNA in this study. Overall, our results show KYNA has an anxiolytic-like pharmacological effect in zebrafish, and therefore strongly support the utility of zebrafish models in neurotropic drug screening, including drugs acting at central glutamatergic system. Robust phenotypic differences evoked by KYNA, revealed here using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of zebrafish locomotion in X, Y and time (Z) coordinates, confirm this notion, also demonstrating the value of 3D-based phenotyping approaches for high-throughput drug screening using zebrafish models.
Collapse
|
15
|
Differential effects of subchronic Phencyclidine on anxiety in the light-enhanced startle-, light/dark exploration- and open field tests. Behav Brain Res 2013; 243:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Crawford CA, Der-Ghazarian T, Britt CE, Varela FA, Kozanian OO. Novelty-induced conditioned place preference, sucrose preference, and elevated plus maze behavior in adult rats after repeated exposure to methylphenidate during the preweanling period. Behav Brain Res 2013; 246:29-35. [PMID: 23466690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early treatment with methylphenidate has a persistent effect on the affective (i.e., anxiety- and depressive-like) behaviors of adult rats and mice. Interestingly, age at methylphenidate exposure appears to be a critical determinant influencing the expression of affective behaviors. In the present study, we exposed rats to methylphenidate during the preweanling period (i.e., PD 11-PD 20) because this ontogenetic period is analogous to early childhood in humans (an age associated with increasing methylphenidate usage). Rats were injected with methylphenidate (0, 2, or 5mg/kg) from PD 11 to PD 20 and reactivity to rewarding and aversive stimuli were measured in early adulthood. Specifically, novelty-induced CPP, sucrose preference, and elevated plus maze behavior were assessed on PD 60. Early treatment with 2 or 5mg/kg methylphenidate increased total time spent in the white compartment of the CPP chamber. This methylphenidate-induced effect occurred regardless of exposure condition. Performance on the elevated plus maze was also impacted by early methylphenidate exposure, because rats treated with 5mg/kg methylphenidate spent more time in the closed compartment of the elevated plus maze than vehicle controls. Early methylphenidate exposure did not alter sucrose preference. These data indicate that exposing rats to methylphenidate during the preweanling period differentially affects anxiety-like behavior depending on the type of anxiety-provoking stimulus. Specifically, early methylphenidate exposure decreased aversion to a bright white room when measured on a novelty-induced CPP task, whereas methylphenidate caused a long-term increase in anxiety when measured on the elevated plus maze.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Crawford
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kyzar EJ, Collins C, Gaikwad S, Green J, Roth A, Monnig L, El-Ounsi M, Davis A, Freeman A, Capezio N, Stewart AM, Kalueff AV. Effects of hallucinogenic agents mescaline and phencyclidine on zebrafish behavior and physiology. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:194-202. [PMID: 22251567 PMCID: PMC3294104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mescaline and phencyclidine (PCP) are potent hallucinogenic agents affecting human and animal behavior. As their psychotropic effects remain poorly understood, further research is necessary to characterize phenotypes they evoke in various animal models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly emerging as a new model organism for neuroscience research. Here, we examine the effects of mescaline (5-20mg/l) and PCP (0.5-3mg/l) in several zebrafish paradigms, including the novel tank, open field and shoaling tests. Mescaline and PCP dose-dependently increased top activity in the novel tank test, also reducing immobility and disrupting the patterning of zebrafish swimming, as assessed by ethograms. PCP, but not mescaline, evoked circling behavior in the open field test. At the highest doses tested, mescaline markedly increased, while PCP did not affect, zebrafish shoaling behavior. Finally, 20mg/l mescaline did not alter, and 3mg/l PCP elevated, whole-body cortisol levels. Overall, our studies indicate high sensitivity of zebrafish models to hallucinogenic compounds with complex behavioral and physiological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allan V. Kalueff
- Corresponding Author: Allan V. Kalueff, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Room SL-83, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Tel/Fax.: +1 504 988 3354.
| |
Collapse
|