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Wang X, Cheng R, Xu D, Huang R, Li H, Jin L, Wu Y, Tang J, Sun C, Peng D, Chu C, Guo X. MG1 interacts with a protease inhibitor and confers resistance to rice root-knot nematode. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3354. [PMID: 37291108 PMCID: PMC10250356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) is one of the most destructive pests threatening rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Asia; however, no rice resistance genes have been cloned. Here, we demonstrate that M. GRAMINICOLA-RESISTANCE GENE 1 (MG1), an R gene highly expressed at the site of nematode invasion, determines resistance against the nematode in several rice varieties. Introgressing MG1 into susceptible varieties increases resistance comparable to resistant varieties, for which the leucine-rich repeat domain is critical for recognizing root-knot nematode invasion. We also report transcriptome and cytological changes that are correlated with a rapid and robust response during the incompatible interaction that occurs in resistant rice upon nematode invasion. Furthermore, we identified a putative protease inhibitor that directly interacts with MG1 during MG1-mediated resistance. Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of nematode resistance as well as valuable resources for developing rice varieties with improved nematode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Daochao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Haoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiuyou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Proteomic, Transcriptomic, Mutational, and Functional Assays Reveal the Involvement of Both THF and PLP Sites at the GmSHMT08 in Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911278. [PMID: 36232579 PMCID: PMC9570156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT; E.C. 2.1.2.1) is involved in the interconversion of serine/glycine and tetrahydrofolate (THF)/5,10-methylene THF, playing a key role in one-carbon metabolism, the de novo purine pathway, cellular methylation reactions, redox homeostasis maintenance, and methionine and thymidylate synthesis. GmSHMT08 is the soybean gene underlying soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance at the Rhg4 locus. GmSHMT08 protein contains four tetrahydrofolate (THF) cofactor binding sites (L129, L135, F284, N374) and six pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) cofactor binding/catalysis sites (Y59, G106, G107, H134, S190A, H218). In the current study, proteomic analysis of a data set of protein complex immunoprecipitated using GmSHMT08 antibodies under SCN infected soybean roots reveals the presence of enriched pathways that mainly use glycine/serine as a substrate (glyoxylate cycle, redox homeostasis, glycolysis, and heme biosynthesis). Root and leaf transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes under SCN infection supported the proteomic data, pointing directly to the involvement of the interconversion reaction carried out by the serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme. Direct site mutagenesis revealed that all mutated THF and PLP sites at the GmSHMT08 resulted in increased SCN resistance. We have shown the involvement of PLP sites in SCN resistance. Specially, the effect of the two Y59 and S190 PLP sites was more drastic than the tested THF sites. This unprecedented finding will help us to identify the biological outcomes of THF and PLP residues at the GmSHMT08 and to understand SCN resistance mechanisms.
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Feng Q, Li Y, Zhao ZX, Wang WM. Contribution of Small RNA Pathway to Interactions of Rice with Pathogens and Insect Pests. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:15. [PMID: 33547972 PMCID: PMC7867673 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are mainly classified into microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) according to their origin. miRNAs originate from single-stranded RNA precursors, whereas siRNAs originate from double-stranded RNA precursors that are synthesized by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Both of single-stranded and double-stranded RNA precursors are processed into sRNAs by Dicer-like proteins. Then, the sRNAs are loaded into ARGONAUTE proteins, forming RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). The RISCs repress the expression of target genes with sequences complementary to the sRNAs through the cleavage of transcripts, the inhibition of translation or DNA methylation. Here, we summarize the recent progress of sRNA pathway in the interactions of rice with various parasitic organisms, including fungi, viruses, bacteria, as well as insects. Besides, we also discuss the hormone signal in sRNA pathway, and the emerging roles of circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs in rice immunity. Obviously, small RNA pathway may act as a part of rice innate immunity to coordinate with growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Rice Research Institute and Research Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yan Li
- Rice Research Institute and Research Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- Rice Research Institute and Research Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- Rice Research Institute and Research Center for Crop Disease and Insect Pests, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Liu J, Peng H, Su W, Liu M, Huang W, Dai L, Peng D. HaCRT1 of Heterodera avenae Is Required for the Pathogenicity of the Cereal Cyst Nematode. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583584. [PMID: 33329646 PMCID: PMC7717957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cereal cyst nematodes are sedentary biotrophic endoparasites that secrete effector proteins into plant tissues to transit normal cells into specialized feeding sites and suppress plant defenses. To understand the function of nematode effectors in Heterodera avenae, here, we identified a calreticulin protein HaCRT1, which could suppress the cell death induced by Bax when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. HaCRT1 is synthetized in the subventral gland cells of pre-parasitic second-stage nematodes. Real-time PCR assays indicated that the expression of HaCRT1 was highest in parasitic second-stage juveniles. The expression of an HaCRT1-RFP fusion in N. benthamiana revealed that it was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the plant cell. The ability of H. avenae infecting plants was significantly reduced when HaCRT1 was knocked down by RNA interference in vitro. Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing HaCRT1 were more susceptible than wild-type plants to Pseudomonas syringae. The induction of defense-related genes, PAD4, WRKY33, FRK1, and WRKY29, after treatment with flg22 was suppressed in HaCRT1-transgenic plants. Also, the ROS accumulation induced by flg22 was reduced in the HaCRT1-transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants. HaCRT1 overexpression increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in A. thaliana. These data suggested that HaCRT1 may contribute to the pathogenicity of H. avenae by suppressing host basal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Su
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Maoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Tian W, Tao F, Wang J, Shang H, Chen X, Xu X, Hu X. TaRPM1 Positively Regulates Wheat High-Temperature Seedling-Plant Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1679. [PMID: 32010164 PMCID: PMC6974556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RPM1 is a CC-NBS-LRR protein that was first shown to be required for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our previous study showed that TaRPM1 gene in wheat was upregulated about six times following infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) under high temperature, compared with normal temperature. To study the function of TaRPM1 in wheat high-temperature seedling-plant (HTSP) resistance to Pst, the full length of TaRPM1 was cloned, with three copies each located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D. Transient expression of the TaRPM1-GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that TaRPM1 localizes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Profiling TaRPM1 expression indicated that TaRPM1 transcription was rapidly upregulated upon Pst inoculation under high temperature. In addition, TaRPM1 was induced by exogenous salicylic acid hormone application. Silencing TaRPM1 in wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6 (XY 6) resulted in reduced HTSP resistance to Pst in terms of reduced number of necrotic cells and increased uredinial length, whereas no obvious phenotypic changes were observed in TaRPM1-silenced leaves under normal temperature. Related defense genes TaPR1 and TaPR2 were downregulated in TaRPM1-silenced plants under high temperature. We conclude that TaRPM1 is involved in HTSP resistance to Pst in XY 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongsheng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xianming Chen
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Pest & Pathogen Ecology, NIAB East Malling Research, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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6
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T-DNA activation tagging in rice results in a variable response to Meloidogyne graminicola infection. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Cereal Root Interactions with Soilborne Pathogens—From Trait to Gene and Back. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the yield potential of crop plants in the presence of shifting pathogen populations, soil quality, rainfall, and other agro-environmental variables remains a challenge for growers and breeders worldwide. In this review, we discuss current approaches for combatting the soilborne phytopathogenic nematodes, Pratylenchus and Heterodera of wheat and barley, and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield, 1965 of rice. The necrotrophic fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 1858 AG-8 and Fusarium spp. of wheat and barley, also are discussed. These pathogens constitute major causes of yield loss in small-grain cereals of the Pacific Northwest, USA and throughout the world. Current topics include new sources of genetic resistance, molecular leads from whole genome sequencing and genome-wide patterns of hosts, nematode or fungal gene expression during root-pathogen interactions, host-induced gene silencing, and building a molecular toolbox of genes and regulatory sequences for deployment of resistance genes. In conclusion, improvement of wheat, barley, and rice will require multiple approaches.
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Li N, ma X, Short DPG, Li T, Zhou L, Gui Y, Kong Z, Zhang D, Zhang W, Li J, Subbarao KV, Chen J, Dai X. The island cotton NBS-LRR gene GbaNA1 confers resistance to the non-race 1 Verticillium dahliae isolate Vd991. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1466-1479. [PMID: 29052967 PMCID: PMC6638185 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae significantly reduces cotton yields, as host resistance in commercially cultivated Gossypium species is lacking. Understanding the molecular basis of disease resistance in non-commercial Gossypium species could galvanize the development of Verticillium wilt resistance in cultivated species. Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins play a central role in plant defence against pathogens. In this study, we focused on the relationship between a locus enriched with eight NBS-LRR genes and Verticillium wilt resistance in G. barbadense. Independent virus-induced gene silencing of each of the eight NBS-LRR genes in G. barbadense cultivar Hai 7124 revealed that silencing of GbaNA1 alone compromised the resistance of G. barbadense to V. dahliae isolate Vd991. In cultivar Hai 7124, GbaNA1 could be induced by V. dahliae isolate Vd991 and by ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Nuclear protein localization of GbaNA1 was demonstrated by transient expression. Sequencing of the GbaNA1 orthologue in nine G. hirsutum accessions revealed that all carried a non-functional allele, caused by a premature peptide truncation. In addition, all 10 G. barbadense and nine G. hirsutum accessions tested carried a full-length (∼1140 amino acids) homologue of the V. dahliae race 1 resistance gene Gbve1, although some sequence polymorphisms were observed. Verticillium dahliae Vd991 is a non-race 1 isolate that lacks the Ave1 gene. Thus, the resistance imparted by GbaNA1 appears to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from recognition of the fungal effector Ave1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan‐Yang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Xue‐Feng ma
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Dylan P. G. Short
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Ting‐Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Yue‐Jing Gui
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Dan‐Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Wen‐Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Jun‐Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | | | - Jie‐Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
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Li S, Chen Y, Zhu X, Wang Y, Jung KH, Chen L, Xuan Y, Duan Y. The transcriptomic changes of Huipizhi Heidou (Glycine max), a nematode-resistant black soybean during Heterodera glycines race 3 infection. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:96-104. [PMID: 29169106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycine max (soybean) is an extremely important crop, representing a major source of oil and protein for human beings. Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode, SCN) infection severely reduces soybean production; therefore, protecting soybean from SCN has become an issue for breeders. Black soybean has exhibited a different grade of resistance to SCN. However, the underlying mechanism of Huipizhi Heidou resistance against SCN remains elusive. The Huipizhi Heidou (ZDD2315) and race 3 of Heterodera glycines were chosen to study the mechanism of resistance via examination of transcriptomic changes. After 5, 10, and 15days of SCN infection, whole roots were sampled for RNA extraction, and uninfected samples were simultaneously collected as a control. 740, 1413, and 4925 genes were isolated by padj (p-value adjusted)<0.05 after 5, 10, and 15days of the infection, respectively, and 225 differentially expressed genes were overlapped at all the time points. We found that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 5, 10, and 15days after infection were involved in various biological function categories; in particular, induced genes were enriched in defense response, hormone mediated signaling process, and response to stress. To verify the pathways observed in the GO and KEGG enrichment results, effects of hormonal signaling in cyst-nematode infection were further examined via treatment with IAA (indo-3-acetic acid), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethephon, a precursor of ethylene. The results indicate that five hormones led to a significant reduction of J2 number in the roots of Huipizhi Heidou and Liaodou15, representing SCN-resistant and susceptible lines, respectively. Taken together, our analyses are aimed at understanding the resistance mechanism of Huipizhi Heidou against the SCN race 3 via the dissection of transcriptomic changes upon J2 infection. The data presented here will help further research on the basis of soybean and cyst-nematode interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866,Shenyang, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866,Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866,Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Biology science and technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Lijie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866,Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866,Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuxi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866,Shenyang, China.
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Kim KS, Vuong TD, Qiu D, Robbins RT, Grover Shannon J, Li Z, Nguyen HT. Advancements in breeding, genetics, and genomics for resistance to three nematode species in soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:2295-2311. [PMID: 27796432 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Integration of genetic analysis, molecular biology, and genomic approaches drastically enhanced our understanding of genetic control of nematode resistance and provided effective breeding strategies in soybeans. Three nematode species, including soybean cyst (SCN, Heterodera glycine), root-knot (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita), and reniform (RN, Rotylenchulus reniformis), are the most destructive pests and have spread to soybean growing areas worldwide. Host plant resistance has played an important role in their control. This review focuses on genetic, genomic studies, and breeding efforts over the past two decades to identify and improve host resistance to these three nematode species. Advancements in genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics have improved our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of nematode resistance and enabled researchers to generate large-scale genomic resources and marker-trait associations. Whole-genome resequencing, genotyping-by-sequencing, genome-wide association studies, and haplotype analyses have been employed to map and dissect genomic locations for nematode resistance. Recently, two major SCN-resistant loci, Rhg1 and Rhg4, were cloned and other novel resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been discovered. Based on these discoveries, gene-specific DNA markers have been developed for both Rhg1 and Rhg4 loci, which were useful for marker-assisted selection. With RKN resistance QTL being mapped, candidate genes responsible for RKN resistance were identified, leading to the development of functional single nucleotide polymorphism markers. So far, three resistances QTL have been genetically mapped for RN resistance. With nematode species overcoming the host plant resistance, continuous efforts in the identification and deployment of new resistance genes are required to support the development of soybean cultivars with multiple and durable resistance to these pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Seung Kim
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- KSK's Current Address: LG Chem-FarmHannong, Ltd., Daejeon, 34115, Korea.
| | - Tri D Vuong
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dan Qiu
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Robert T Robbins
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - J Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, 63873, USA
| | - Zenglu Li
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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11
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Mitchum MG. Soybean Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines: An Update. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1444-1450. [PMID: 27392178 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-16-0227-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, remains a serious threat to soybean production throughout the world. A lack of genetic diversity in resistant soybean cultivars has led to a widespread shift toward virulence in SCN populations, leaving farmers with few proven options other than nonhost rotation to manage this nematode. Recent advances in our understanding of the genes controlling resistance to the nematode have led to improved molecular markers, which are, in turn, increasing the efficiency and precision of the breeding pipeline. A better understanding of the molecular and biochemical basis of SCN resistance and nematode virulence will provide information useful for the development of a long-term strategic plan for diversification and the deployment of cultivars that protect current sources of natural resistance while identifying new targets for engineering novel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211
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12
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Liu J, Peng H, Cui J, Huang W, Kong L, Clarke JL, Jian H, Wang GL, Peng D. Molecular Characterization of A Novel Effector Expansin-like Protein from Heterodera avenae that Induces Cell Death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35677. [PMID: 27808156 PMCID: PMC5093861 DOI: 10.1038/srep35677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal cyst nematodes are sedentary biotrophic endoparasites that maintain a complex interaction with their host plants. Nematode effector proteins are synthesized in the oesophageal glands and are secreted into plant tissues through the stylet. To understand the function of nematode effectors in parasitic plants, we cloned predicted effectors genes from Heterodera avenae and transiently expressed them in Nicotiana benthamiana. Infiltration assays showed that HaEXPB2, a predicted expansin-like protein, caused cell death in N. benthamiana. In situ hybridization showed that HaEXPB2 transcripts were localised within the subventral gland cells of the pre-parasitic second-stage nematode. HaEXPB2 had the highest expression levels in parasitic second-stage juveniles. Subcellular localization assays revealed that HaEXPB2 could be localized in the plant cell wall after H. avenae infection.This The cell wall localization was likely affected by its N-terminal and C-terminal regions. In addition, we found that HaEXPB2 bound to cellulose and its carbohydrate-binding domain was required for this binding. The infectivity of H. avenae was significantly reduced when HaEXPB2 was knocked down by RNA interference in vitro. This study indicates that HaEXPB2 may play an important role in the parasitism of H. avenae through targeting the host cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangkuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingan Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Plant Health and Biotechnology Division, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Heng Jian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Nguyen PDT, Pike S, Wang J, Nepal Poudel A, Heinz R, Schultz JC, Koo AJ, Mitchum MG, Appel HM, Gassmann W. The Arabidopsis immune regulator SRFR1 dampens defences against herbivory by Spodoptera exigua and parasitism by Heterodera schachtii. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:588-600. [PMID: 26310916 PMCID: PMC6638418 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. Cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. Previously, we identified SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1 (SRFR1) as a negative regulator of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRps4. The use of multiple stresses is a powerful tool to further define gene function. Here, we examined whether SRFR1 also impacts resistance to a herbivorous insect in leaves and to a cyst nematode in roots. Interestingly, srfr1-1 plants showed increased resistance to herbivory by the beet army worm Spodoptera exigua and to parasitism by the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii compared with the corresponding wild-type Arabidopsis accession RLD. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure the transcript levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) pathway genes, we found that enhanced resistance of srfr1-1 plants to S. exigua correlated with specific upregulation of the MYC2 branch of the JA pathway concurrent with suppression of the SA pathway. In contrast, the greater susceptibility of RLD was accompanied by simultaneously increased transcript levels of SA, JA and JA/ET signalling pathway genes. Surprisingly, mutation of either SRFR1 or EDS1 increased resistance to H. schachtii, indicating that the concurrent presence of both wild-type genes promotes susceptibility. This finding suggests a novel form of resistance in Arabidopsis to the biotrophic pathogen H. schachtii or a root-specific regulation of the SA pathway by EDS1, and places SRFR1 at an intersection between multiple defence pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Dung T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Sharon Pike
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Jianying Wang
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Arati Nepal Poudel
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Division of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Robert Heinz
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Jack C Schultz
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Division of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Heidi M Appel
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
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Abstract
A little over 50 years ago, Sydney Brenner had the foresight to develop the nematode (round worm) Caenorhabditis elegans as a genetic model for understanding questions of developmental biology and neurobiology. Over time, research on C. elegans has expanded to explore a wealth of diverse areas in modern biology including studies of the basic functions and interactions of eukaryotic cells, host-parasite interactions, and evolution. C. elegans has also become an important organism in which to study processes that go awry in human diseases. This primer introduces the organism and the many features that make it an outstanding experimental system, including its small size, rapid life cycle, transparency, and well-annotated genome. We survey the basic anatomical features, common technical approaches, and important discoveries in C. elegans research. Key to studying C. elegans has been the ability to address biological problems genetically, using both forward and reverse genetics, both at the level of the entire organism and at the level of the single, identified cell. These possibilities make C. elegans useful not only in research laboratories, but also in the classroom where it can be used to excite students who actually can see what is happening inside live cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Corsi
- Biology Department, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Bruce Wightman
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104
| | - Martin Chalfie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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15
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De Coninck B, Timmermans P, Vos C, Cammue BPA, Kazan K. What lies beneath: belowground defense strategies in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:91-101. [PMID: 25307784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens result worldwide in significant yield losses in economically important crops. In contrast to foliar diseases, relatively little is known about the nature of root defenses against these pathogens. This review summarizes the current knowledge on root infection strategies, root-specific preformed barriers, pathogen recognition, and defense signaling. Studies reviewed here suggest that many commonalities as well as differences exist in defense strategies employed by roots and foliar tissues during pathogen attack. Importantly, in addition to pathogens, plant roots interact with a plethora of non-pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms. Therefore, a good understanding of how plant roots interact with the microbiome would be particularly important to engineer resistance to root pathogens without negatively altering root-beneficial microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Coninck
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Timmermans
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christine Vos
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
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16
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Davies LJ, Elling AA. Resistance genes against plant-parasitic nematodes: a durable control strategy? NEMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of all agricultural systems, causing extensive economic losses. Natural resistance (R) genes offer an alternative to chemical control and have been shown effectively to limit nematode damage to crops in the field. Whilst a number of resistant cultivars have conferred resistance against root-knot and cyst nematodes for many decades, an increasing number of reports of resistance-breaking nematode pathotypes are beginning to emerge. The forces affecting the emergence of virulent nematodes are complex, multifactorial and involve both the host and parasite of the plant-nematode interaction. This review provides an overview of the root-knot and cyst nematodeRgenes characterised to date, in addition to examining the evolutionary forces influencing nematode populations and the emergence of virulence. Finally, potential strategies to improveRgene durability in the field are outlined, and areas that would benefit from further research efforts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Davies
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Axel A. Elling
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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17
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Campos ML, Kang JH, Howe GA. Jasmonate-triggered plant immunity. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:657-75. [PMID: 24973116 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) exerts direct control over the production of chemical defense compounds that confer resistance to a remarkable spectrum of plant-associated organisms, ranging from microbial pathogens to vertebrate herbivores. The underlying mechanism of JA-triggered immunity (JATI) can be conceptualized as a multi-stage signal transduction cascade involving: i) pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that couple the perception of danger signals to rapid synthesis of bioactive JA; ii) an evolutionarily conserved JA signaling module that links fluctuating JA levels to changes in the abundance of transcriptional repressor proteins; and iii) activation (de-repression) of transcription factors that orchestrate the expression of myriad chemical and morphological defense traits. Multiple negative feedback loops act in concert to restrain the duration and amplitude of defense responses, presumably to mitigate potential fitness costs of JATI. The convergence of diverse plant- and non-plant-derived signals on the core JA module indicates that JATI is a general response to perceived danger. However, the modular structure of JATI may accommodate attacker-specific defense responses through evolutionary innovation of PRRs (inputs) and defense traits (outputs). The efficacy of JATI as a defense strategy is highlighted by its capacity to shape natural populations of plant attackers, as well as the propensity of plant-associated organisms to subvert or otherwise manipulate JA signaling. As both a cellular hub for integrating informational cues from the environment and a common target of pathogen effectors, the core JA module provides a focal point for understanding immune system networks and the evolution of chemical diversity in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L Campos
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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18
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Goverse A, Smant G. The activation and suppression of plant innate immunity by parasitic nematodes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 52:243-65. [PMID: 24906126 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their host plants, often involving complex alterations in host cell morphology and function. It is puzzling how nematodes can achieve this, seemingly without activating the innate immune system of their hosts. Secretions released by infective juvenile nematodes are thought to be crucial for host invasion, for nematode migration inside plants, and for feeding on host cells. In the past, much of the research focused on the manipulation of developmental pathways in host plants by plant-parasitic nematodes. However, recent findings demonstrate that plant-parasitic nematodes also deliver effectors into the apoplast and cytoplasm of host cells to suppress plant defense responses. In this review, we describe the current insights in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the activation and suppression of host innate immunity by plant-parasitic nematodes along seven critical evolutionary and developmental transitions in plant parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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