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Gaydar V, Zananiri R, Saied L, Dvir O, Kaplan A, Henn A. Communication between DNA and nucleotide binding sites facilitates stepping by the RecBCD helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3911-3923. [PMID: 38364872 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Double-strand DNA breaks are the severest type of genomic damage, requiring rapid response to ensure survival. RecBCD helicase in prokaryotes initiates processive and rapid DNA unzipping, essential for break repair. The energetics of RecBCD during translocation along the DNA track are quantitatively not defined. Specifically, it's essential to understand the mechanism by which RecBCD switches between its binding states to enable its translocation. Here, we determine, by systematic affinity measurements, the degree of coupling between DNA and nucleotide binding to RecBCD. In the presence of ADP, RecBCD binds weakly to DNA that harbors a double overhang mimicking an unwinding intermediate. Consistently, RecBCD binds weakly to ADP in the presence of the same DNA. We did not observe coupling between DNA and nucleotide binding for DNA molecules having only a single overhang, suggesting that RecBCD subunits must both bind DNA to 'sense' the nucleotide state. On the contrary, AMPpNp shows weak coupling as RecBCD remains strongly bound to DNA in its presence. Detailed thermodynamic analysis of the RecBCD reaction mechanism suggests an 'energetic compensation' between RecB and RecD, which may be essential for rapid unwinding. Our findings provide the basis for a plausible stepping mechanism' during the processive translocation of RecBCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gaydar
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rani Zananiri
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Layla Saied
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Or Dvir
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ariel Kaplan
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Arnon Henn
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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2
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Symonds K, Teresinski HJ, Hau B, Dwivedi V, Belausov E, Bar-Sinai S, Tominaga M, Haraguchi T, Sadot E, Ito K, Snedden WA. Functional characterization of calmodulin-like proteins, CML13 and CML14, as novel light chains of Arabidopsis class VIII myosins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2313-2329. [PMID: 38280207 PMCID: PMC11272076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Myosins are important motor proteins that associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Structurally, myosins function as heteromeric complexes where smaller light chains, such as calmodulin (CaM), bind to isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) domains in the neck region to facilitate mechano-enzymatic activity. We recently identified Arabidopsis CaM-like (CML) proteins CML13 and CML14 as interactors of proteins containing multiple IQ domains, including a myosin VIII. Here, we demonstrate that CaM, CML13, and CML14 bind the neck region of all four Arabidopsis myosin VIII isoforms. Among CMLs tested for binding to myosins VIIIs, CaM, CML13, and CML14 gave the strongest signals using in planta split-luciferase protein interaction assays. In vitro, recombinant CaM, CML13, and CML14 showed specific, high-affinity, calcium-independent binding to the IQ domains of myosin VIIIs. CaM, CML13, and CML14 co-localized to plasma membrane-bound puncta when co-expressed with red fluorescent protein-myosin fusion proteins containing IQ and tail domains of myosin VIIIs. In vitro actin motility assays using recombinant myosin VIIIs demonstrated that CaM, CML13, and CML14 function as light chains. Suppression of CML13 or CML14 expression using RNA silencing resulted in a shortened-hypocotyl phenotype, similar to that observed in a quadruple myosin mutant, myosin viii4KO. Collectively, our data indicate that Arabidopsis CML13 and CML14 are novel myosin VIII light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Symonds
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bryan Hau
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sefi Bar-Sinai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Einat Sadot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Yuan G, Gao H, Yang T. Exploring the Role of the Plant Actin Cytoskeleton: From Signaling to Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15480. [PMID: 37895158 PMCID: PMC10607326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant actin cytoskeleton is characterized by the basic properties of dynamic array, which plays a central role in numerous conserved processes that are required for diverse cellular functions. Here, we focus on how actins and actin-related proteins (ARPs), which represent two classical branches of a greatly diverse superfamily of ATPases, are involved in fundamental functions underlying signal regulation of plant growth and development. Moreover, we review the structure, assembly dynamics, and biological functions of filamentous actin (F-actin) from a molecular perspective. The various accessory proteins known as actin-binding proteins (ABPs) partner with F-actin to finely tune actin dynamics, often in response to various cell signaling pathways. Our understanding of the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in vital cellular activities has been furthered by comparison of conserved functions of actin filaments across different species combined with advanced microscopic techniques and experimental methods. We discuss the current model of the plant actin cytoskeleton, followed by examples of the signaling mechanisms under the supervision of F-actin related to cell morphogenesis, polar growth, and cytoplasmic streaming. Determination of the theoretical basis of how the cytoskeleton works is important in itself and is beneficial to future applications aimed at improving crop biomass and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Y.); (H.G.)
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Hajibarat Z, Saidi A, Gorji AM, Zeinalabedini M, Ghaffari MR, Hajibarat Z, Nasrollahi A. Identification of myosin genes and their expression in response to biotic (PVY, PVX, PVS, and PVA) and abiotic (Drought, Heat, Cold, and High-light) stress conditions in potato. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11983-11996. [PMID: 36271979 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant organelles are highly motile where their movement is significant for fast distribution of material around the cell, facilitation of the plant's ability to respond to abiotic and biotic signals, and for appropriate growth. Abiotic and biotic stresses are among the major factors limiting crop yields, and biological membranes are the first target of these stresses. Plants utilize adaptive mechanisms namely myosin to repair injured membranes following exposure to abiotic and biotic stresses. OBJECTIVE Due to the economic importance and cultivation of potato grown under abiotic and biotic stress prone areas, identification and characterization of myosin family members in potato were performed in the present research. METHODS To identify the myosin genes in potato, we performed genome-wide analysis of myosin genes in the S. tuberosum genome using the phytozome. All putative sequences were approved with the interproscan. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using phylogenetic tree, gene structure, cis-regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction, and gene expression. RESULT The majority of the cell machinery contain actin cytoskeleton and myosins, where motility of organelles are dependent on them. Homology-based analysis was applied to determine seven myosin genes in the potato genome. The members of myosin could be categorized into two groups (XI and VIII). Some of myosin proteins were sub-cellularly located in the nucleus containing 71.5% of myosin proteins and other myosin proteins were localized in the mitochondria, plasma-membrane, and cytoplasm. Determination of co-expressed network, promoter analysis, and gene structure were also performed and gene expression pattern of each gene was surveyed. Number of introns in the gene family members varied from 1 to 39. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that StMyoXI-B and StMyoVIII-2 had the highest transcripts, induced by biotic and abiotic stresses in all three tissues of stem, root, and leaves, respectively. Overall, different cis-elements including abiotic and biotic responsive, hormonal responsive, light responsive, defense responsive elements were found in the myosin promoter sequences. Among the cis-elements, the MYB, G-box, ABRE, JA, and SA contributed the most in the plant growth and development, and in response to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. CONCLUSION Our results showed that myosin genes can be utilized in breeding programs and genetic engineering of plants with the aim of increasing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, especially to viral stresses such as PVY, PVX, PVA, PVS, high light, drought, cold and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Mosuapour Gorji
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nasrollahi
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Kastner C, Wagner VC, Fratini M, Dobritzsch D, Fuszard M, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. The pollen-specific class VIII-myosin ATM2 from Arabidopsis thaliana associates with the plasma membrane through a polybasic region binding anionic phospholipids. Biochimie 2022; 203:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Xiao Y, Yu Y, Xie L, Li K, Guo X, Li G, Liu J, Li G, Hu J. A genome-wide association study of folates in sweet corn kernels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004455. [PMID: 36247547 PMCID: PMC9562826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Folate is commonly synthesized in natural plants and is an essential water-soluble vitamin of great importance inhuman health. Although the key genes involved in folate biosynthesis and transformation pathways have been identified in plants, the genetic architecture of folate in sweet corn kernels remain largely unclear. In this study, an association panel of 295 inbred lines of sweet corn was constructed. Six folate derivatives were quantified in sweet corn kernels at 20 days after pollination and a total of 95 loci were identified for eight folate traits using a genome-wide association study. A peak GWAS signal revealed that natural variation in ZmFCL, encoding a 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase, accounted for 30.12% of phenotypic variation in 5-FTHF content. Further analysis revealed that two adjacent SNPs on the second exon resulting in an AA-to-GG in the gene and an Asn-to-Gly change in the protein could be the causative variant influencing 5-FTHF content. Meanwhile, 5-FTHF content was negatively correlated with ZmFCL expression levels in the population. These results extend our knowledge regarding the genetic basis of folate and provide molecular markers for the optimization of folate levels in sweet corn kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingni Xiao
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoke Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Bar-Sinai S, Belausov E, Dwivedi V, Sadot E. Collisions of Cortical Microtubules with Membrane Associated Myosin VIII Tail. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010145. [PMID: 35011707 PMCID: PMC8750215 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of myosin VIII ATM1 tail in association with the plasma membrane is often observed in coordination with that of cortical microtubules (MTs). The prevailing hypothesis is that coordination between the organization of cortical MTs and proteins in the membrane results from the inhibition of free lateral diffusion of the proteins by barriers formed by MTs. Since the positioning of myosin VIII tail in the membrane is relatively stable, we ask: can it affect the organization of MTs? Myosin VIII ATM1 tail co-localized with remorin 6.6, the position of which in the plasma membrane is also relatively stable. Overexpression of myosin VIII ATM1 tail led to a larger fraction of MTs with a lower rate of orientation dispersion. In addition, collisions between MTs and cortical structures labeled by ATM1 tail or remorin 6.6 were observed. Collisions between EB1 labeled MTs and ATM1 tail clusters led to four possible outcomes: 1—Passage of MTs through the cluster; 2—Decreased elongation rate; 3—Disengagement from the membrane followed by a change in direction; and 4—retraction. EB1 tracks became straighter in the presence of ATM1 tail. Taken together, collisions of MTs with ATM1 tail labeled structures can contribute to their coordinated organization.
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8
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Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of Myosin Gene Family in Four Major Cotton Species. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070731. [PMID: 32630134 PMCID: PMC7397272 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin protein as a molecular motor, binding with Actin, plays a significant role in various physiological activities such as cell division, movement, migration, and morphology; however, there are only a few studies on plant Myosin gene family, particularly in cotton. A total of 114 Myosin genes were found in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum. All Myosins could be grouped into six groups, and for each group of these genes, similar gene structures are found. Study of evolution suggested that the whole genome duplications event occurring about 13-20 MYA (millions of years ago) is the key explanation for Myosins expanse in cotton. Cis-element and qPCR analysis revealed that plant hormones such as abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid can control the expression of Myosins. This research provides useful information on the function of Myosin genes in regulating plant growth, production, and fiber elongation for further studies.
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9
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Bibeau JP, Furt F, Mousavi SI, Kingsley JL, Levine MF, Tüzel E, Vidali L. In vivo interactions between myosin XI, vesicles and filamentous actin are fast and transient in Physcomitrella patens. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.234682. [PMID: 31964706 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton and active membrane trafficking machinery are essential for polarized cell growth. To understand the interactions between myosin XI, vesicles and actin filaments in vivo, we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and showed that the dynamics of myosin XIa at the tip of the spreading earthmoss Physcomitrella patens caulonemal cells are actin-dependent and that 50% of myosin XI is bound to vesicles. To obtain single-particle information, we used variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy in protoplasts to demonstrate that protein myosin XIa and VAMP72-labeled vesicles localize in time and space over periods lasting only a few seconds. By tracking data with Hidden Markov modeling, we showed that myosin XIa and VAMP72-labeled vesicles exhibit short runs of actin-dependent directed transport. We also found that the interaction of myosin XI with vesicles is short-lived. Together, this vesicle-bound fraction, fast off-rate and short average distance traveled seem be crucial for the dynamic oscillations observed at the tip, and might be vital for regulation and recycling of the exocytosis machinery, while simultaneously promoting vesicle focusing and vesicle secretion at the tip, necessary for cell wall expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Bibeau
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Fabienne Furt
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - S Iman Mousavi
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - James L Kingsley
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Max F Levine
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.,Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA .,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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10
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Abu-Abied M, Belausov E, Hagay S, Peremyslov V, Dolja V, Sadot E. Myosin XI-K is involved in root organogenesis, polar auxin transport, and cell division. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2869-2881. [PMID: 29579267 PMCID: PMC5972647 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between myosin- and auxin-mediated processes was investigated by following root development in the triple myosin knockout mutant xi-k xi-1 xi-2 (3KO). It was found that the 3KO plants generated significantly more lateral and adventitious roots than the wild-type plants or the rescued plant line expressing functional myosin XI-K:yellow fluorescent protein (YFP; 3KOR). Using the auxin-dependent reporter DR5:venus, a significant change in the auxin gradient toward the root tip was found in 3KO plants, which correlated with the loss of polar localization of the auxin transporter PIN1 in the stele and with the increased number of stele cells with oblique cell walls. Interestingly, myosin XI-K:YFP was localized to the cell division apparatus in the root and shoot meristems. In anaphase and early telophase, XI-K:YFP was concentrated in the midzone and the forming cell plate. In late telophase, XI-K:YFP formed a ring that overlapped with the growing phragmoplast. Myosin receptors MyoB1 and MyoB2 that are highly expressed throughout the plant were undetectable in dividing cells, suggesting that the myosin function in cell division relies on distinct adaptor proteins. These results suggest that myosin XIs are involved in orchestrating root organogenesis via effects on polar distribution of auxin responses and on cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abu-Abied
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sapir Hagay
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Valera Peremyslov
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Valerian Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Einat Sadot
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Correspondence:
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11
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Geitmann A, Nebenführ A. Navigating the plant cell: intracellular transport logistics in the green kingdom. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 26:3373-8. [PMID: 26416952 PMCID: PMC4591683 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport in plant cells occurs on microtubular and actin arrays. Cytoplasmic streaming, the rapid motion of plant cell organelles, is mostly driven by an actin–myosin mechanism, whereas specialized functions, such as the transport of large cargo or the assembly of a new cell wall during cell division, are performed by the microtubules. Different modes of transport are used, fast and slow, to either haul cargo over long distances or ascertain high-precision targeting, respectively. Various forms of the actin-specific motor protein myosin XI exist in plant cells and might be involved in different cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Geitmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Andreas Nebenführ
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840
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12
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Shneyer BI, Ušaj M, Henn A. Myo19 is an outer mitochondrial membrane motor and effector of starvation-induced filopodia. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:543-56. [PMID: 26659663 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria respond to environmental cues and stress conditions. Additionally, the disruption of the mitochondrial network dynamics and its distribution is implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we reveal a new function for Myo19 in mitochondrial dynamics and localization during the cellular response to glucose starvation. Ectopically expressed Myo19 localized with mitochondria to the tips of starvation-induced filopodia. Corollary to this, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of Myo19 diminished filopodia formation without evident effects on the mitochondrial network. We analyzed the Myo19-mitochondria interaction, and demonstrated that Myo19 is uniquely anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) through a 30-45-residue motif, indicating that Myo19 is a stably attached OMM molecular motor. Our work reveals a new function for Myo19 in mitochondrial positioning under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris I Shneyer
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Marko Ušaj
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Arnon Henn
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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13
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Ueda H, Tamura K, Hara-Nishimura I. Functions of plant-specific myosin XI: from intracellular motility to plant postures. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:30-8. [PMID: 26432645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific protein motor class myosin XI is known to function in rapid bulk flow of the cytoplasm (cytoplasmic streaming) and in organellar movements. Recent studies unveiled a wide range of physiological functions of myosin XI motors, from intracellular motility to organ movements. Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 members of myosin XI class. In vegetative organs, myosins XIk, XI1, and XI2 primarily contribute to dynamics and spatial configurations of endoplasmic reticulum that develops a tubular network in the cell periphery and thick strand-like structures in the inner cell regions. Myosin XI-i forms a nucleocytoplasmic linker and is responsible for nuclear movement and shape. In addition to these intracellular functions, myosin XIf together with myosin XIk is involved in the fundamental nature of plants; the actin-myosin XI cytoskeleton regulates organ straightening to adjust plant posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Ueda
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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14
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Chang M, Huang S. Arabidopsis ACT11 modifies actin turnover to promote pollen germination and maintain the normal rate of tube growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:515-527. [PMID: 26096143 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin is an ancient conserved protein that is encoded by multiple isovariants in multicellular organisms. There are eight functional actin genes in the Arabidopsis genome, and the precise function and mechanism of action of each isovariant remain poorly understood. Here, we report the characterization of ACT11, a reproductive actin isovariant. Our studies reveal that loss of function of ACT11 causes a delay in pollen germination, but enhances pollen tube growth. Cytological analysis revealed that the amount of filamentous actin decreased, and the rate of actin turnover increased in act11 pollen. Convergence of actin filaments upon the germination aperture was impaired in act11 pollen, consistent with the observed delay of germination. Reduction of actin dynamics with jasplakinolide suppressed the germination and tube growth phenotypes in act11 pollen, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms involve an increase in actin dynamics. Thus, we demonstrate that ACT11 is required to maintain the rate of actin turnover in order to promote pollen germination and maintain the normal rate of pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, 100101, China
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