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Gong J, Guo Z, Wang Z, Jiao C, Yao L, Shen Y. Ethyl vinyl ketone activates oxidative and calcium burst and CML8-ACA8 participates in calcium recovery in Arabidopsis leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108240. [PMID: 38048704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce ethyl vinyl ketone (evk) in response to biotic stress, but the evk's identification and downstream defense response remain unclear. In this paper, it is predicted by docking for the first time that evk can be recognized by RBOH protein and assist the electron transfer of RBOHD/RBOHF by binding to its FAD or NADPH binding site. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assay shows that evk indeed bind to RBOHD. Here, we show that evk treatment increased H2O2 and intracellular calcium concentrations in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll cells, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and non-invasive micro-test technology, and that H2O2 signaling functioned upstream of Ca2+ signaling. Yeast two-hybrid, firefly luciferase complementation imaging, and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that the ACA8 (AUTOINHIBITED Ca2+-ATPASE, ISOFORM 8)-CML8 (CALMODULIN-LIKE 8) interaction promoted Ca2+ efflux to return Ca2+ levels to the resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Chunyang Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Tal L, Guercio AM, Varshney K, Young A, Gutjahr C, Shabek N. C-terminal conformational changes in SCF-D3/MAX2 ubiquitin ligase are required for KAI2-mediated signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2067-2075. [PMID: 37376727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Tal
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kartikye Varshney
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aleczander Young
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Gong J, Wang Z, Guo Z, Yao L, Zhao C, Lin S, Ma S, Shen Y. DORN1 and GORK regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis mediated by volatile organic compound ethyl vinyl ketone. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123503. [PMID: 36736975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evk (ethyl vinyl ketone) is a signal substance for plant defense, but little is known about how evk mediates stomatal closure. Through stomatal biology experiments, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure, and stomatal closure is weakened when DORN1 (DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1) and GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) are mutated. In addition, it was found by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) that the K+ efflux mediated by evk was significantly weakened when DORN and GORK were mutated. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that DORN1 and GORK could interact in vitro and in vivo. It was found by molecular docking that evk could combine with MRP (Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein), thus affecting ATP transport, promoting eATP (extracellular ATP) concentration increase and realizing downstream signal transduction. Through inoculation of botrytis cinerea, it was found that evk improved the antibacterial activity of Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the expression of defense related genes was enhanced by evk treatment. Evk is a potential green antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Sheng Lin
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Songling Ma
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Fiorilli V, Forgia M, de Saint Germain A, D’Arrigo G, Cornu D, Le Bris P, Al‐Babili S, Cardinale F, Prandi C, Spyrakis F, Boyer F, Turina M, Lanfranco L. A structural homologue of the plant receptor D14 mediates responses to strigolactones in the fungal phytopathogen Cryphonectria parasitica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1003-1017. [PMID: 35119708 PMCID: PMC9306968 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones and important signalling molecules required to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. While in plants an α/β-hydrolase, DWARF14 (D14), was shown to act as a receptor that binds and cleaves SLs, the fungal receptor for SLs is unknown. Since AM fungi are currently not genetically tractable, in this study, we used the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica, for which gene deletion protocols exist, as a model, as we have previously shown that it responds to SLs. By means of computational, biochemical and genetic analyses, we identified a D14 structural homologue, CpD14. Molecular homology modelling and docking support the prediction that CpD14 interacts with and hydrolyses SLs. The recombinant CpD14 protein shows α/β hydrolytic activity in vitro against the SLs synthetic analogue GR24; its enzymatic activity requires an intact Ser/His/Asp catalytic triad. CpD14 expression in the d14-1 loss-of-function Arabidopsis thaliana line did not rescue the plant mutant phenotype. However, gene inactivation by knockout homologous recombination reduced fungal sensitivity to SLs. These results indicate that CpD14 is involved in SLs responses in C. parasitica and strengthen the role of SLs as multifunctional molecules acting in plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversità di TorinoViale P.A. Mattioli 25Torino10125Italy
| | - Marco Forgia
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante – CNRStrada delle Cacce 7310135TorinoItaly
| | | | - Giulia D’Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversità di Torinovia P. Giuria 1110125TorinoItaly
| | - David Cornu
- CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Université Paris‐Saclay1 Avenue de la Terrasse91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- INRAE, AgroParisTechInstitut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin (IJPB)Université Paris‐Saclay78000VersaillesFrance
| | - Salim Al‐Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e AlimentariUniversità di TorinoLargo Braccini 210095GrugliascoItaly
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di Torinovia P. Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversità di Torinovia P. Giuria 1110125TorinoItaly
| | - François‐Didier Boyer
- CNRSInstitut de Chimie des Substances NaturellesUPR 2301Université Paris‐Saclay1 Avenue de la Terrasse91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Massimo Turina
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante – CNRStrada delle Cacce 7310135TorinoItaly
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversità di TorinoViale P.A. Mattioli 25Torino10125Italy
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Cornet F, Pillot JP, Le Bris P, Pouvreau JB, Arnaud N, de Saint Germain A, Rameau C. Strigolactones (SLs) modulate the plastochron by regulating KLUH (KLU) transcript abundance in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1909-1916. [PMID: 34498760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The timing of leaf emergence at the shoot apical meristem, or plastochron, is highly regulated in plants. Among the genes known to regulate the plastochron in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), KLUH (KLU), orthologous to the rice (Oryza sativa) PLASTOCHRON1, encodes the cytochrome P450 CYP78A5, and is thought to act through generation of a still unknown mobile signal. As klu mutants display not only a short plastochron but also a branching phenotype reminiscent of strigolactone (SL) mutants, we investigated whether KLU/CYP78A5 is involved in SL biosynthesis. We combined a genetic approach, a parasitic plant seed germination bioassay to test klu root exudates, and analysis of transcript abundances of SL-biosynthesis genes in the Arabidopsis klu mutants. We demonstrate that KLU is not involved in the SL-biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, this work allowed us to uncover a new role for SL during Arabidopsis development in modulating plastochron via a KLU-dependent pathway. Globally our data reveal that KLU is required for plastochron-specific SL responses, a first indication of crosstalk between SL and the KLU-derived signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Cornet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, LBPV, Université de Nantes, EA 1157, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | | | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
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Li S, Li Y, Chen L, Zhang C, Wang F, Li H, Wang M, Wang Y, Nan F, Xie D, Yan J. Strigolactone mimic 2-nitrodebranone is highly active in Arabidopsis growth and development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:67-76. [PMID: 33860570 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones play crucial roles in regulating plant architecture and development, as endogenous hormones, and orchestrating symbiotic interactions with fungi and parasitic plants, as components of root exudates. rac-GR24 is currently the most widely used strigolactone analog and serves as a reference compound in investigating the action of strigolactones. In this study, we evaluated a suite of debranones and found that 2-nitrodebranone (2NOD) exhibited higher biological activity than rac-GR24 in various aspects of plant growth and development in Arabidopsis, including hypocotyl elongation inhibition, root hair promotion and senescence acceleration. The enhanced activity of 2NOD in promoting AtD14-SMXL7 and AtD14-MAX2 interactions indicates that the molecular structure of 2NOD is a better match for the ligand perception site pocket of D14. Moreover, 2NOD showed lower activity than rac-GR24 in promoting Orobanche cumana seed germination, suggesting its higher ability to control plant architecture than parasitic interactions. In combination with the improved stability of 2NOD, these results demonstrate that 2NOD is a strigolactone analog that can specifically mimic the activity of strigolactones and that 2NOD exhibits strong potential as a tool for studying the strigolactone signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linhai Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Fei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiou Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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Divergent receptor proteins confer responses to different karrikins in two ephemeral weeds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1264. [PMID: 32152287 PMCID: PMC7062792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildfires can encourage the establishment of invasive plants by releasing potent germination stimulants, such as karrikins. Seed germination of Brassica tournefortii, a noxious weed of Mediterranean climates, is strongly stimulated by KAR1, the archetypal karrikin produced from burning vegetation. In contrast, the closely-related yet non-fire-associated ephemeral Arabidopsisthaliana is unusual because it responds preferentially to KAR2. The α/β-hydrolase KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) is the putative karrikin receptor identified in Arabidopsis. Here we show that B. tournefortii expresses three KAI2 homologues, and the most highly-expressed homologue is sufficient to confer enhanced responses to KAR1 relative to KAR2 when expressed in Arabidopsis. We identify two amino acid residues near the KAI2 active site that explain the ligand selectivity, and show that this combination has arisen independently multiple times within dicots. Our results suggest that duplication and diversification of KAI2 proteins could confer differential responses to chemical cues produced by environmental disturbance, including fire. Karrikins are germination stimulants perceived by KAI2 in Arabidopsis. Here the authors show that Brassica tournefortii, a close relative to Arabidopsis, has multiple copies of KAI2 with amino acid substitutions that confer responsiveness to the specific karrikin compounds found in wildfire smoke.
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Katyayini NU, Rinne PLH, van der Schoot C. Strigolactone-Based Node-to-Bud Signaling May Restrain Shoot Branching in Hybrid Aspen. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2797-2811. [PMID: 31504881 PMCID: PMC6896703 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and roles of strigolactones (SLs) have been investigated in herbaceous plants, but so far, their role in trees has received little attention. In this study, we analyzed the presence, spatial/temporal expression and role of SL pathway genes in Populus tremula � Populus tremuloides. In this proleptic species, axillary buds (AXBs) become para-dormant at the bud maturation point, providing an unambiguous starting point to study AXB activation. We identified previously undescribed Populus homologs of DWARF27 (D27), LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO) and DWARF53-like (D53-like) and analyzed the relative expression of all SL pathway genes in root tips and shoot tissues. We found that, although AXBs expressed MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) and LBO, they did not express MAX3 and MAX4, whereas nodal bark expressed high levels of all SL biosynthesis genes. By contrast, expression of the SL perception and signaling genes MAX2, D14 and D53 was high in AXBs relative to nodal bark and roots. This suggests that AXBs are reliant on the associated nodes for the import of SLs and SL precursors. Activation of AXBs was initiated by decapitation and single-node isolation. This rapidly downregulated SL pathway genes downstream of MAX4, although later these genes were upregulated coincidently with primordia formation. GR24-feeding counteracted all activation-related changes in SL gene expression but did not prevent AXB outgrowth showing that SL is ineffective once AXBs are activated. The results indicate that nodes rather than roots supply SLs and its precursors to AXBs, and that SLs may restrain embryonic shoot elongation during AXB formation and para-dormancy in intact plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P�ivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, �s N-1432, Norway
| | - Christiaan van der Schoot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, �s N-1432, Norway
- Corresponding author: E-mail,
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Ferrero-Serrano Á, Cantos C, Assmann SM. The Role of Dwarfing Traits in Historical and Modern Agriculture with a Focus on Rice. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a034645. [PMID: 31358515 PMCID: PMC6824242 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Semidwarf stature is a valuable agronomic trait in grain crops that reduces lodging and increases harvest index. A fundamental advance during the 1960s Green Revolution was the introduction of semidwarf cultivars of rice and wheat. Essentially, all semidwarf varieties of rice under cultivation today owe their diminished stature to a specific null mutation in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis gene, SD1 However, it is now well-established that, in addition to GAs, brassinosteroids and strigolactones also control plant height. In this review, we describe the synthesis and signaling pathways of these three hormones as understood in rice and discuss the mutants and transgenics in these pathways that confer semidwarfism and other valuable architectural traits. We propose that such genes offer underexploited opportunities for broadening the genetic basis and germplasm in semidwarf rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cantos
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Waters MT. Spoilt for Choice: New Options for Inhibitors of Strigolactone Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:21-23. [PMID: 30513350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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11
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Borghi L, Kang J, de Brito Francisco R. Filling the Gap: Functional Clustering of ABC Proteins for the Investigation of Hormonal Transport in planta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31057565 PMCID: PMC6479136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate a myriad of plant processes, from seed germination to reproduction, from complex organ development to microelement uptake. Much has been discovered on the factors regulating the activity of phytohormones, yet there are gaps in knowledge about their metabolism, signaling as well as transport. In this review we analyze the potential of the characterized phytohormonal transporters belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette family (ABC proteins), thus to identify new candidate orthologs in model plants and species important for human health and food production. Previous attempts with phylogenetic analyses on transporters belonging to the ABC family suggested that sequence homology per se is not a powerful tool for functional characterization. However, we show here that sequence homology might indeed support functional conservation of characterized members of different classes of ABC proteins in several plant species, e.g., in the case of ABC class G transporters of strigolactones and ABC class B transporters of auxinic compounds. Also for the low-affinity, vacuolar abscisic acid (ABA) transporters belonging to the ABCC class we show that localization-, rather than functional-clustering occurs, possibly because of sequence conservation for targeting the tonoplast. The ABC proteins involved in pathogen defense are phylogenetically neighboring despite the different substrate identities, suggesting that sequence conservation might play a role in their activation/induction after pathogen attack. Last but not least, in case of the multiple lipid transporters belong to different ABC classes, we focused on ABC class D proteins, reported to transport/affect the synthesis of hormonal precursors. Based on these results, we propose that phylogenetic approaches followed by transport bioassays and in vivo investigations might accelerate the discovery of new hormonal transport routes and allow the designing of transgenic and genome editing approaches, aimed to improve our knowledge on plant development, plant-microbe symbioses, plant nutrient uptake and plant stress resistance.
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