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Xiao S, Ming Y, Zhou S, Dong X, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhang X, Hu Q, Zhu L. A GhLac1-centered transcriptional regulatory cascade mediates cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae through the lignin biosynthesis pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135042. [PMID: 39182876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The lignin biosynthesis pathway plays a crucial role in the defense response against V. dahliae in cotton, and it is essential to identify the key regulators in this pathway for disease-resistant breeding. In a previous study, the cotton laccase gene GhLac1 was identified as mediating plant broad-spectrum biotic stress tolerance by manipulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. However, the upstream master regulators and regulatory mechanism of lignin are still largely unknown. This study aims to identify the upstream regulators of GhLac1 and explore the molecular mechanism underlying cotton's disease resistance response to V. dahliae. Through the study, three WRKY, three MYB, and one APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ERF) TFs were identified as differentially responding to V. dahliae infection in cotton. Among these TFs, GhWRKY30, GhWRKY41, GhMYB42, and GhTINY2 were found to directly bind to the GhLac1 promoter and activate its expression. Transient overexpression of these four TFs in cotton led to increased expression of GhLac1 and other the laccase family members, while knockdown of these TFs resulted in reduced lignin accumulation and increased susceptibility to V. dahliae. Additionally, GhWRKY30 and GhWRKY41 were observed to interact with themselves and with each other, synergistically transactivating the GhLac1 promoter. This study reveals a GhLac1-centered transcriptional regulatory cascade of lignin synthesis that contributes to cotton's defense response by modulating lignin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Xiao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuqing Ming
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xianman Dong
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Hu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China.
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China.
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Ahmad Z, Ramakrishnan M, Wang C, Rehman S, Shahzad A, Wei Q. Unravelling the role of WRKY transcription factors in leaf senescence: Genetic and molecular insights. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00428-4. [PMID: 39362333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf senescence (LS), the final phase in leaf development, is an important and precisely regulated process crucial for plant well-being and the redistribution of nutrients. It is intricately controlled by various regulatory factors, including WRKY transcription factors (TFs). WRKYs are one of the most significant plant TF families, and several of them are differentially regulated and important during LS. Recent research has enhanced our understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of WRKY TFs, providing insights into their regulatory roles. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the intricate regulatory networks associated with LS by investigating the role of WRKY TFs. We seek to highlight the importance of WRKY-mediated signaling pathways in understanding LS, plant evolution, and response to varying environmental conditions. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW WRKY TFs exhibit specific DNA-binding activity at the N-terminus and dynamic interactions of the intrinsically disordered domain at the C-terminus with various proteins. These WRKY TFs not only control the activity of other WRKYs, but also interact with either WRKYs or other TFs, thereby fine- tuning the expression of target genes. By unraveling the complex interactions and regulatory mechanisms of WRKY TFs, this review broadens our knowledge of the genetic and molecular basis of LS. Understanding WRKY-mediated signalling pathways provides crucial insights into specific aspects of plant development, such as stress-induced senescence, and offers potential strategies for improving crop resilience to environmental stresses like drought and pathogen attacks. By targeting these pathways, it may be possible to enhance specific productivity traits, such as increased yield stability under adverse conditions, thereby contributing to more reliable agricultural outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shamsur Rehman
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Anwar Shahzad
- Plant Biotechnology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Li J, Chen Y, Zhang R, Wang R, Wu B, Zhang H, Xiao G. OsWRKY70 Plays Opposite Roles in Blast Resistance and Cold Stress Tolerance in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:61. [PMID: 39271542 PMCID: PMC11399497 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor WRKYs play pivotal roles in the adapting to adverse environments in plants. Prior research has demonstrated the involvement of OsWRKY70 in resistance against herbivores and its response to abiotic stress. Here, we reported the functional analysis of OsWRKY70 in immunity against fungal diseases and cold tolerance. The results revealed that OsWRKY70 was induced by various Magnaporthe oryzae strains. Knock out mutants of OsWRKY70, which were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, exhibited enhanced resistance to M. oryzae. This was consistent with fortifying the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst after inoculation in the mutants, elevated transcript levels of defense-responsive genes (OsPR1b, OsPBZ1, OsPOX8.1 and OsPOX22.3) and the observation of the sluggish growth of invasive hyphae under fluorescence microscope. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validations demonstrated that differentially expressed genes were related to plant-pathogen interactions, hormone transduction and MAPK cascades. Notably, OsbHLH6, a key component of the JA signaling pathway, was down-regulated in the mutants compared to wild type plants. Further investigation confirmed that OsWRKY70 bound to the promoter of OsbHLH6 by semi-in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Additionally, the loss-function of OsWRKY70 impaired cold tolerance in rice. The enhanced susceptibility in the mutants characterized by excessive ROS production, elevated ion leakage rate and increased malondialdehyde content, as well as decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) under low temperature stress was, which might be attributed to down-regulation of cold-responsive genes (OsLti6b and OsICE1). In conclusion, our findings indicate that OsWRKY70 negatively contributes to blast resistance but positively regulates cold tolerance in rice, providing a strategy for crop breeding with tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rujie Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guiqing Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Chen S, Du Y, Deng L, Liu L, Li X, Chen W, Xu Z, Xiong Y, Ming Y, Fang S, Chen L, Wang H, Yu D. Transcription factor OsWRKY11 induces rice heading at low concentrations but inhibits rice heading at high concentrations. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1385-1407. [PMID: 38818952 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The heading date of rice is a crucial agronomic characteristic that influences its adaptability to different regions and its productivity potential. Despite the involvement of WRKY transcription factors in various biological processes related to development, the precise mechanisms through which these transcription factors regulate the heading date in rice have not been well elucidated. The present study identified OsWRKY11 as a WRKY transcription factor which exhibits a pivotal function in the regulation of the heading date in rice through a comprehensive screening of a clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ‒ CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 mutant library that specifically targets the WRKY genes in rice. The heading date of oswrky11 mutant plants and OsWRKY11-overexpressing plants was delayed compared with that of the wild-type plants under short-day and long-day conditions. Mechanistic investigation revealed that OsWRKY11 exerts dual effects on transcriptional promotion and suppression through direct and indirect DNA binding, respectively. Under normal conditions, OsWRKY11 facilitates flowering by directly inducing the expression of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15. The presence of elevated levels of OsWRKY11 protein promote formation of a ternary protein complex involving OsWRKY11, Heading date 1 (Hd1), and Days to heading date 8 (DTH8), and this complex then suppresses the expression of Ehd1, which leads to a delay in the heading date. Subsequent investigation revealed that a mild drought condition resulted in a modest increase in OsWRKY11 expression, promoting heading. Conversely, under severe drought conditions, a significant upregulation of OsWRKY11 led to the suppression of Ehd1 expression, ultimately causing a delay in heading date. Our findings uncover a previously unacknowledged mechanism through which the transcription factor OsWRKY11 exerts a dual impact on the heading date by directly and indirectly binding to the promoters of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shidie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Luyao Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - You Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Siyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650092, China
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5
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Shu P, Li Y, Sheng J, Shen L. Tomato SlMAPK3 Modulates Cold Resistance by Regulating the Synthesis of Raffinose and the Expression of SlWRKY46. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5185-5196. [PMID: 38427575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and raffinose have been observed to increase in plants exposed to cold. However, it remains elusive whether and how MAPK regulates raffinose synthesis under cold stress. Here, overexpression of SlMAPK3 promoted the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under cold stress, while CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutants showed the opposite results. Moreover, SlMAPK3 promoted the expression of SlWRKY46 at low temperatures and interacted with SlWRKY46 protein. Overexpression of SlWRKY46 enhanced cold resistance. Furthermore, SlWRKY46 directly bound to the promoter of SlGols1 to enhance its expression and promoted the accumulation of raffinose. Virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS)-mediated knockdown of SlGols1 remarkably elevated cold sensitivity and reduced raffinose content. Meanwhile, exogenous supplementation of raffinose could improve the cold tolerance of tomato plants. Thus, our data indicates that SlMAPK3 modulates cold resistance by regulating raffinose content and SlWRKY46 expression. SlWRKY46 also promotes the accumulation of raffinose by inducing the expression of SlGols1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Cao S, Wang M, Pan J, Luo D, Mubeen S, Wang C, Yue J, Wu X, Wu Q, Zhang H, Chen C, Rehman M, Xie S, Li R, Chen P. Physiological, transcriptome and gene functional analysis provide novel sights into cadmium accumulation and tolerance mechanisms in kenaf. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:500-514. [PMID: 37980034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Kenaf is considered to have great potential for remediation of heavy metals in ecosystems. However, studies on molecular mechanisms of root Cd accumulation and tolerance are still inadequate. In this study, two differently tolerant kenaf cultivars were selected as materials and the physiological and transcriptomic effects were evaluated under Cd stress. This study showed that 200 µmol/L CdCl2 treatment triggered the reactive oxygen species (ROS) explosion and membrane lipid peroxidation. Compared with the Cd-sensitive cultivar 'Z', the Cd-tolerant cultivar 'F' was able to resist oxidative stress in cells by producing higher antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). The root cell wall of 'F' exhibited higher polysaccharide contents under Cd treatment, providing more Cd-binding sites. There were 3,439 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were co-regulated by Cd treatment in two cultivars. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched by functional annotation analysis. DEGs associated with pectin, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose metabolism were involved in Cd chelation of root cell wall; V-ATPases, ABCC3 and Narmp3 could participated in vacuolar compartmentalization of Cd; PDR1 was responsible for Cd efflux; the organic acid transporters contributed to the absorption of Cd in soil. These genes might have played key roles in kenaf Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation. Moreover, HcZIP2 was identified to be involved in Cd uptake and transport in kenaf. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways underlying Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in kenaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Caijin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiao Yue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Canni Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sichen Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Fu ZW, Li JH, Gao X, Wang SJ, Yuan TT, Lu YT. Pathogen-induced methylglyoxal negatively regulates rice bacterial blight resistance by inhibiting OsCDR1 protease activity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:325-341. [PMID: 38178576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight (BB), a globally devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that is responsible for significant crop loss. Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection, providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear. As an inevitable sugar metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is involved in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Whether and how MG functions in plant biotic stress responses is almost completely unknown. Here, we report that the Xoo strain PXO99 induces OsWRKY62.1 to repress transcription of OsGLY II genes by directly binding to their promoters, resulting in overaccumulation of MG. MG negatively regulates rice resistance against PXO99: osglyII2 mutants with higher MG levels are more susceptible to the pathogen, whereas OsGLYII2-overexpressing plants with lower MG content show greater resistance than the wild type. Overexpression of OsGLYII2 to prevent excessive MG accumulation confers broad-spectrum resistance against the biotrophic bacterial pathogens Xoo and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. Further evidence shows that MG reduces rice resistance against PXO99 through CONSTITUTIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (OsCDR1). MG modifies the Arg97 residue of OsCDR1 to inhibit its aspartic protease activity, which is essential for OsCDR1-enhanced immunity. Taken together, these findings illustrate how Xoo promotes infection by hijacking a sugar metabolite in the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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8
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Mahiwal S, Pahuja S, Pandey GK. Review: Structural-functional relationship of WRKY transcription factors: Unfolding the role of WRKY in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128769. [PMID: 38096937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
WRKY as the name suggests, are the transcription factors (TFs) that contain the signature WRKY domains, hence named after it. Since their discovery in 1994, they have been well studied in plants with exploration of approximately 74 WRKY genes in the model plant, Arabidopsis alone. However, the study of these transcription factors (TFs) is not just limited to model plant now. They have been studied widely in crop plants as well, because of their tremendous contribution in stress as well as in growth and development. Here, in this review, we describe the story of WRKY TFs from their identification to their origin, the binding mechanisms, structure and their contribution in regulating plant development and stress physiology. High throughput transcriptomics-based data also opened a doorway to understand the comprehensive and detailed functioning of WRKY TFs in plants. Indeed, the detailed functional role of each and every WRKY member in regulating the gene expression is required to pave the path to develop holistic understanding of their role in stress physiology and developmental processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sonam Pahuja
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Song H, Guo Z, Duan Z, Li M, Zhang J. WRKY transcription factors in Arachis hypogaea and its donors: From identification to function prediction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108131. [PMID: 37897893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Since the initial isolation of a WRKY TF in Ipomoea batatas in 1994, WRKY TFs have been identified in plants, protozoa, and fungi. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a key oil and protein crop for humans and a forage source for animal consumption. Several Arachis genomes have been sequenced and genome-wide WRKY TFs have been identified. In this review, we summarized WRKY TFs and their functions in A. hypogaea and its donors. We also standardized the nomenclature for Arachis WRKY TFs to ensure uniformity. We determined the evolutionary relationships between Arachis and Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY (AtWRKY) TFs using a phylogenetic analysis. Biological functions and regulatory networks of Arachis WRKY TFs were predicted using AtWRKY TFs. Thus, this review paves the way for studies of Arachis WRKY TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhenquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Meiran Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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10
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Li M, Dong X, Long G, Zhang Z, Han C, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of Q-Type C2H2 ZFP Genes in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Sugar Beet. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1309. [PMID: 37887019 PMCID: PMC10604892 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A plant's Q-type C2H2-type ZFP plays key roles in plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important crop for sugar production. Salt stress and viral infection significantly reduce the root yield and sugar content of sugar beet. However, there is a lack of comprehensive genome-wide analyses of Q-type C2H2 ZFPs and their expression patterns in sugar beet under stress. In this study, 35 sugar beet Q-type C2H2 ZFPs (BvZFPs) containing at least one conserved "QALGGH" motif were identified via bioinformatics techniques using TBtools software. According to their evolutionary relationship, the BvZFPs were classified into five subclasses. Within each subclass, the physicochemical properties and motif compositions showed strong similarities. A Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the BvZFPs were conserved during evolution. Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that most BvZFPs are associated with elements related to phytohormone, biotic or abiotic stress, and plant development. The expression data showed that the BvZFPs in sugar beet are predominantly expressed in the root. In addition, BvZFPs are involved in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including salt stress and viral infection. Overall, these results will extend our understanding of the Q-type C2H2 gene family and provide valuable information for the biological breeding of sugar beet against abiotic and biotic stresses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.L.); (X.D.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (C.H.)
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11
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Javed T, Gao SJ. WRKY transcription factors in plant defense. Trends Genet 2023; 39:787-801. [PMID: 37633768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors caused by climate change are fundamental barriers to agricultural sustainability. Enhancing the stress resilience of crops is a key strategy in achieving global food security. Plants perceive adverse environmental conditions and initiate signaling pathways to activate precise responses that contribute to their survival. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are essential players in several signaling cascades and regulatory networks that have crucial implications for defense responses in plants. This review summarizes advances in research concerning how WRKY TFs mediate various signaling cascades and metabolic adjustments as well as how epigenetic modifications involved in environmental stress responses in plants can modulate WRKYs and/or their downstream genes. Emerging research shows that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)-mediated genome editing of WRKYs could be used to improve crop resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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12
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Felipez W, Villavicencio J, Nizolli VO, Pegoraro C, da Maia L, Costa de Oliveira A. Genome-Wide Identification of Bilberry WRKY Transcription Factors: Go Wild and Duplicate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3176. [PMID: 37765340 PMCID: PMC10535657 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factor genes compose an important family of transcriptional regulators that are present in several plant species. According to previous studies, these genes can also perform important roles in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) metabolism, making it essential to deepen our understanding of fruit ripening regulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this context, the detailed characterization of these proteins will provide a comprehensive view of the functional features of VmWRKY genes in different plant organs and in response to different intensities of light. In this study, the investigation of the complete genome of the bilberry identified 76 VmWRKY genes that were evaluated and distributed in all twelve chromosomes. The proteins encoded by these genes were classified into four groups (I, II, III, and IV) based on their conserved domains and zinc finger domain types. Fifteen pairs of VmWRKY genes in segmental duplication and four pairs in tandem duplication were detected. A cis element analysis showed that all promoters of the VmWRKY genes contain at least one potential cis stress-response element. Differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that VmWRKY genes from bilberry show preferential or specific expression in samples. These findings provide an overview of the functional characterization of these proteins in bilberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winder Felipez
- Instituto de Agroecología y Seguridad Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciências Agrárias, Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca—USFX, Casilla, Correo Central, Sucre 1046, Bolivia;
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.V.); (V.O.N.); (L.d.M.)
| | - Jennifer Villavicencio
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.V.); (V.O.N.); (L.d.M.)
- Carrera de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Cientifica del Sur—UCSUR, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19 Villa el Salvador, Lima CP 150142, Peru
| | - Valeria Oliveira Nizolli
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.V.); (V.O.N.); (L.d.M.)
| | - Camila Pegoraro
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.V.); (V.O.N.); (L.d.M.)
| | - Luciano da Maia
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.V.); (V.O.N.); (L.d.M.)
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.V.); (V.O.N.); (L.d.M.)
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13
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Song H, Cao Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Li S. Review: WRKY transcription factors: Understanding the functional divergence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111770. [PMID: 37321304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the growth and development of plants and their response to environmental changes. WRKY TFs have been detected in sequenced plant genomes. The functions and regulatory networks of many WRKY TFs, especially from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtWRKY TFs), have been revealed, and the origin of WRKY TFs in plants is clear. Nonetheless, the relationship between WRKY TFs function and classification is unclear. Furthermore, the functional divergence of homologous WRKY TFs in plants is unclear. In this review, WRKY TFs were explored based on WRKY-related literature published from 1994 to 2022. WRKY TFs were identified in 234 species at the genome and transcriptome levels. The biological functions of ∼ 71 % of AtWRKY TFs were uncovered. Although functional divergence occurred in homologous WRKY TFs, different WRKY TF groups had no preferential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; High-efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and Alkaline Land of Dongying, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Shuai Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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14
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Gu T, Lu Y, Li F, Zeng W, Shen L, Yu R, Li J. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating cadmium uptake, subcellular distribution and triggering the expression of stress-related genes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114958. [PMID: 37116453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops causes potential risks to human health. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a complex mixture of biopolymers that can bind various heavy metals. The present work examined the alleviating effects of EPS on Cd toxicity in rice and its detoxification mechanism. The 100 μM Cd stress hampered the overall plant growth and development, damaged the ultrastructures of both leaf and root cells, and caused severe lipid peroxidation in rice plants. However, applying EPS at a concentration of 100 mg/L during Cd stress resulted in increased biomass, reduced Cd accumulation and transport, and minimized the oxidative damage. EPS application also enhanced Cd retention in the shoot cell walls and root vacuoles, and actively altered the expression of genes involved in cell wall formation, antioxidant defense systems, transcription factors, and hormone metabolism. These findings provide new insights into EPS-mediated mitigation of Cd stress in plants and help us to develop strategies to improve crop yield in Cd-contaminated soils in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Gu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yongqing Lu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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15
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Wang H, Chen W, Xu Z, Chen M, Yu D. Functions of WRKYs in plant growth and development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:630-645. [PMID: 36628655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must overcome various stresses. Accordingly, they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes. These plant processes may be related to the evolution of plant-specific protein families. The WRKY transcription factors originated in eukaryotes and expanded in plants, but are not present in animals. Over the past two decades, there have been many studies on WRKYs in plants, with much of the research concentrated on their roles in stress responses. Nevertheless, recent findings have revealed that WRKYs are also required for seed dormancy and germination, postembryonic morphogenesis, flowering, gametophyte development, and seed production. Thus, WRKYs may be important for plant adaptations to a sessile lifestyle because they simultaneously regulate stress resistance and plant-specific growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mifen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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16
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Xiao S, Ming Y, Hu Q, Ye Z, Si H, Liu S, Zhang X, Wang W, Yu Y, Kong J, Klosterman SJ, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Aierxi A, Zhu L. GhWRKY41 forms a positive feedback regulation loop and increases cotton defence response against Verticillium dahliae by regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:961-978. [PMID: 36632704 PMCID: PMC10106861 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the established significance of WRKY proteins and phenylpropanoid metabolism in plant immunity, how WRKY proteins modulate aspects of the phenylpropanoid pathway remains undetermined. To understand better the role of WRKY proteins in plant defence, we identified a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) protein, GhWRKY41, that is, universally and rapidly induced in three disease-resistant cotton cultivars following inoculation with the plant pathogenic fungus, Verticillium dahliae. We show that overexpression of GhWRKY41 in transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis enhances resistance to V. dahliae, while knock-down increases cotton more susceptibility to the fungus. GhWRKY41 physically interacts with itself and directly activates its own transcription. A genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), in combination with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses, revealed that 43.1% of GhWRKY41-binding genes were up-regulated in cotton upon inoculation with V. dahliae, including several phenylpropanoid metabolism master switches, receptor kinases, and disease resistance-related proteins. We also show that GhWRKY41 homodimer directly activates the expression of GhC4H and Gh4CL, thereby modulating the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids. This finding expands our understanding of WRKY-WRKY protein interactions and provides important insights into the regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plant immune responses by a WRKY protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri‐Biological Resources, College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yuqing Ming
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri‐Biological Resources, College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhengxiu Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huan Si
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Weiran Wang
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Yu Yu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural & Reclamation SciencesShiheziChina
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceSalinasCAUSA
| | | | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Alifu Aierxi
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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17
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Yang X, Kwon H, Kim MY, Lee SH. RNA-seq profiling in leaf tissues of two soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars that show contrasting responses to drought stress during early developmental stages. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:42. [PMID: 37309390 PMCID: PMC10248644 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is the major environment constraint on soybean yield, and a variety of pathways underlie drought tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic profiling of two soybean cultivars, drought-tolerant SS2-2 and drought-sensitive Taekwang, was performed under normal and drought conditions to identify genes involved in drought tolerance. This revealed large differences in water loss during drought treatment. Genes involved in signaling, lipid metabolism, phosphorylation, and gene regulation were overrepresented among genes that were differentially expressed between cultivars and between treatments in each cultivar. The analysis revealed transcription factors from six families, including WRKYs and NACs, showed significant SS2-2-specific upregulation. Genes involved in stress defense pathways, including MAPK signaling, Ca2+ signaling, ROS scavenging, and NBS-LRR, were also identified. Expression of non-specific phospholipases, phospholipase D, and PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL MONOPHOSPHATE 5 KINASE (PIP5K), which act in the lipid-signaling pathway, was greatly increased in SS2-2. The roles of PIP5K in drought stress tolerance were confirmed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis pip5k mutants had significantly lower survival rates under drought stress than wild-type plants. This study identified additional elements in the mechanisms used by plants to protect themselves from drought stress and provides valuable information for the development of drought-tolerant soybean cultivars. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01385-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030 China
| | - Hakyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Crop Genomics Lab., Seoul National University, Rm. 4105 Bldg. 200 CALS, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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18
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Mao H, Zhang W, Lv J, Yang J, Yang S, Jia B, Song J, Wu M, Pei W, Ma J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Wang L, Yu J. Overexpression of cotton Trihelix transcription factor GhGT-3b_A04 enhances resistance to Verticillium dahliae and affects plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 283:153947. [PMID: 36898190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that severely affects cotton fiber yield and quality. Herein, a cotton Trihelix family gene, GhGT-3b_A04, was strongly induced by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Overexpression of the gene in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced the plant's resistance to Verticillium wilt but inhibited the growth of rosette leaves. In addition, the primary root length, root hair number, and root hair length increased in GhGT-3b_A04-overexpressing plants. The density and length of trichomes on the rosette leaves also increased. GhGT-3b_A04 localized to the nucleus, and transcriptome analysis revealed that it induced gene expression for salicylic acid synthesis and signal transduction and activated gene expression for disease resistance. The gene expression for auxin signal transduction and trichome development was reduced in GhGT-3b_A04-overexpressing plants. Our results highlight important regulatory genes for Verticillium wilt resistance and cotton fiber quality improvement. The identification of GhGT-3b_A04 and other important regulatory genes can provide crucial reference information for future research on transgenic cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Mao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Junyuan Lv
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Shuxian Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Bing Jia
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jikun Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Man Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jianjiang Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 880033, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Jiwen Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
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19
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Wu X, Chen L, Lin X, Chen X, Han C, Tian F, Wan X, Liu Q, He F, Chen L, Zhong Y, Yang H, Zhang F. Integrating physiological and transcriptome analyses clarified the molecular regulation mechanism of PyWRKY48 in poplar under cadmium stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124072. [PMID: 36934813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating plant growth and responses to environmental stress. However, the molecular mechanism of WRKY to cadmium (Cd) stress is unclear, which prevents phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil from widely application. To determine the underlying mechanism, PyWRKY48-overexpressing poplars were obtained (OE-32 and OE-67) to study the Cd tolerance and accumulation in poplars. Results showed that the Cd content in the aboveground part of the two transgenic poplar lines were 1.57 and 1.99 times higher than that of wild type (WT), and lateral roots, GSH, PCs content and GST activity increased significantly. RNA-seq. data about transgenic and WT poplars revealed that 2074 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots, 4325 in leaves, and 499 in both tissues. And these DEGs were mainly concentrated in ABC transport protein (PaABC), heavy-metal binding protein (PaHIPP), and transportation and loading of xylem (PaNPF, PaBSP) proteins, and they enhanced Cd accumulation. Meanwhile, PyWRKY48 increased the Cd tolerance of transgenic poplars by up-regulating the expression of PaGRP, PaPER and PaPHOS, which encode cell wall proteins, antioxidant enzyme, and heavy metal-associated proteins, respectively. In addition, overexpression PyWRKY48 promoted poplar growth by increasing the chlorophyll and carotenoid content. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This study generated PyWRKY48-overexpressing poplars and functionally verified them in Cd-contaminated soil, to analyze the effects of the gene on poplar growth, Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation. RNA seq. data revealed that several genes are involved in Cd exposure. This may provide a strong molecular basis and new ideas for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soils. Importantly, the transgenic poplars grew better and accumulated more Cd than the wild-type. Therefore, PyWRKY48-overexpressing poplars could be considered useful for mitigating environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chengyu Han
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hanbo Yang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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20
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Wei H, Liu G, Qin J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Yu C, Chen Y, Lian B, Zhong F, Movahedi A, Zhang J. Genome-wide characterization, chromosome localization, and expression profile analysis of poplar non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123226. [PMID: 36641014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small and have a broad biological function involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress resistance. Although a small part of plant nsLTPs have been identified, these proteins have not been characterized in poplar at the genomic level. A genome-wide characterization and expression identification of poplar nsLTP members were performed in this study. A total of 42 poplar nsLTP genes were identified from the poplar genome. A comprehensive analysis of poplar nsLTPs was conducted by a phylogenetic tree, duplication events, gene structures, and conserved motifs. The cis-elements of poplar nsLTPs were predicted to respond to light, hormone, and abiotic stress. Many transcription factors (TFs) were identified to interact with poplar nsLTP cis-elements. The tested poplar nsLTPs were expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, but their expression levels differed among tested tissues. Most poplar nsLTP expression levels were changed by abiotic stress, implying that poplar nsLTP may be involved in abiotic stress resistance. Network analysis showed that poplar nsLTPs are putative genes involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This research provides sight into the further study to explain the regulatory mechanism of the poplar nsLTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Bolin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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21
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Han Z, Li F, Qiao W, Zheng X, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Wang Y, Lou D, Xing M, Fan W, Nie Y, Guo W, Wang S, Liu Z, Yang Q. Global whole-genome comparison and analysis to classify subpopulations and identify resistance genes in weedy rice relevant for improving crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089445. [PMID: 36704170 PMCID: PMC9872009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Common weedy rice plants are important genetic resources for modern breeding programs because they are the closest relatives to rice cultivars and their genomes contain elite genes. Determining the utility and copy numbers of WRKY and nucleotide-binding site (NBS) resistance-related genes may help to clarify their variation patterns and lead to crop improvements. In this study, the weedy rice line LM8 was examined at the whole-genome level. To identify the Oryza sativa japonica subpopulation that LM8 belongs to, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 180 cultivated and 23 weedy rice varieties were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and a principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis were performed. The results indicated that LM8 with admixture components from japonica (GJ) and indica (XI) belonged to GJ-admixture (GJ-adm), with more than 60% of its genetic background derived from XI-2 (22.98%), GJ-tropical (22.86%), and GJ-subtropical (17.76%). Less than 9% of its genetic background was introgressed from weedy rice. Our results also suggested LM8 may have originated in a subtropical or tropical geographic region. Moreover, the comparisons with Nipponbare (NIP) and Shuhui498 (R498) revealed many specific structure variations (SVs) in the LM8 genome and fewer SVs between LM8 and NIP than between LM8 and R498. Next, 96 WRKY and 464 NBS genes were identified and mapped on LM8 chromosomes to eliminate redundancies. Three WRKY genes (ORUFILM02g002693, ORUFILM05g002725, and ORUFILM05g001757) in group III and one RNL [including the resistance to powdery mildew 8 (RPW8) domain, NBS, and leucine rich repeats (LRRs)] type NBS gene (ORUFILM12g000772) were detected in LM8. Among the NBS genes, the RPW8 domain was detected only in ORUFILM12g000772. This gene may improve plant resistance to pathogens as previously reported. Its classification and potential utility imply LM8 should be considered as a germplasm resource relevant for rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Han
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Yunlian Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfen Huang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danjing Lou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiya Fan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Nie
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhuang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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22
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Wu TY, Krishnamoorthi S, Boonyaves K, Al-Darabsah I, Leong R, Jones AM, Ishizaki K, Liao KL, Urano D. G protein controls stress readiness by modulating transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1889-1907. [PMID: 36321200 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The core G protein signaling module, which consists of Gα and extra-large Gα (XLG) subunits coupled with the Gβγ dimer, is a master regulator of various stress responses. In this study, we compared the basal and salt stress-induced transcriptomic, metabolomic and phenotypic profiles in Gα, Gβ, and XLG-null mutants of two plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha, and showed that G protein mediates the shift of transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis to stress readiness status. We demonstrated that such stress readiness serves as an intrinsic protection mechanism against further stressors through enhancing the phenylpropanoid pathway and abscisic acid responses. Furthermore, WRKY transcription factors were identified as key intermediates of G protein-mediated homeostatic shifts. Statistical and mathematical model comparisons between A. thaliana and M. polymorpha revealed evolutionary conservation of transcriptional and metabolic networks over land plant evolution, whereas divergence has occurred in the function of plant-specific atypical XLG subunit. Taken together, our results indicate that the shifts in transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis at least partially act as the mechanisms of G protein-coupled stress responses that are conserved between two distantly related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ying Wu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Kulaporn Boonyaves
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isam Al-Darabsah
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richalynn Leong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Alan M Jones
- Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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23
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Feng Q, Wang H, Yang X, Hu Z, Zhou X, Xiang L, Xiong X, He X, Zhu Y, Li G, Zhao J, Ji Y, Hu X, Pu M, Zhou S, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Huang Y, Fan J, Wang W, Li Y. Osa-miR160a confers broad-spectrum resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2216-2232. [PMID: 36101507 PMCID: PMC9828417 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice production is threatened by multiple pathogens. Breeding cultivars with broad-spectrum disease resistance is necessary to maintain and improve crop production. Previously we found that overexpression of miR160a enhanced rice blast disease resistance. However, it is unclear whether miR160a also regulates resistance against other pathogens, and what the downstream signaling pathways are. Here, we demonstrate that miR160a positively regulates broad-spectrum resistance against the causative agents of blast, leaf blight and sheath blight in rice. Mutations of miR160a-targeted Auxin Response Factors result in different alteration of resistance conferred by miR160a. miR160a enhances disease resistance partially by suppressing ARF8, as mutation of ARF8 in MIM160 background partially restores the compromised resistance resulting from MIM160. ARF8 protein binds directly to the promoter and suppresses the expression of WRKY45, which acts as a positive regulator of rice immunity. Mutation of WRKY45 compromises the enhanced blast resistance and bacterial leaf blight resistance conferred by arf8 mutant. Overall, our results reveal that a microRNA coordinates rice broad-spectrum disease resistance by suppressing multiple target genes that play different roles in disease resistance, and uncover a new regulatory pathway mediated by the miR160a-ARF8 module. These findings provide new resources to potentially improve disease resistance for breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Xue‐Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Zhang‐Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Xin‐Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Ling Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Xiao‐Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Guo‐Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Jing‐Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Yun‐Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Mei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Shi‐Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Zhi‐Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Ji‐Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Yan‐Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Wen‐Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China
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24
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Wan Z, Li X, Cheng H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Jin S. Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in Rhododendron simsii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212967. [PMID: 36365420 PMCID: PMC9654210 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Rhododendron is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China, with both high ornamental and economic values. However, with the change of the environment, Rhododendron suffers from various biological stresses. The WRKY transcription factor is a member of the most crucial transcription factor families, which plays an essential regulatory role in a variety of physiological processes and developmental stresses. (2) In this study, 57 RsWRKYs were identified using genome data and found to be randomly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships, 57 proteins were divided into three groups: I, II, and III. Multiple alignments of RsWRKYs with Arabidopsis thaliana homologous genes revealed that WRKY domains in different groups had different conserved sites. RsWRKYs have a highly conserved domain, WRKYGQK, with three variants, WRKYGKK, WRKYGEK, and WRKYGRK. Furthermore, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that all of the RsWRKYs had stress and plant hormone cis-elements, with figures varying by group. Finally, the expression patterns of nine WRKY genes treated with gibberellin acid (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), heat, and drought in Rhododendron were also measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the expression levels of the majority of RsWRKY genes changed in response to multiple phytohormones and abiotic stressors. (3) This current study establishes a theoretical basis for future studies on the response of RsWRKY transcription factors to various hormone and abiotic stresses as well as a significant foundation for the breeding of new stress-tolerant Rhododendron varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Wan
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Life Science and Health, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China
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25
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Abraham‐Juárez MJ, Busche M, Anderson AA, Lunde C, Winders J, Christensen SA, Hunter CT, Hake S, Brunkard JO. Liguleless narrow and narrow odd dwarf act in overlapping pathways to regulate maize development and metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:881-896. [PMID: 36164819 PMCID: PMC9827925 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Narrow odd dwarf (nod) and Liguleless narrow (Lgn) are pleiotropic maize mutants that both encode plasma membrane proteins, cause similar developmental patterning defects, and constitutively induce stress signaling pathways. To investigate how these mutants coordinate maize development and physiology, we screened for protein interactors of NOD by affinity purification. LGN was identified by this screen as a strong candidate interactor, and we confirmed the NOD-LGN molecular interaction through orthogonal experiments. We further demonstrated that LGN, a receptor-like kinase, can phosphorylate NOD in vitro, hinting that they could act in intersecting signal transduction pathways. To test this hypothesis, we generated Lgn-R;nod mutants in two backgrounds (B73 and A619), and found that these mutations enhance each other, causing more severe developmental defects than either single mutation on its own, with phenotypes including very narrow leaves, increased tillering, and failure of the main shoot. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the single and double mutants in the two genetic backgrounds revealed widespread induction of pathogen defense genes and a shift in resource allocation away from primary metabolism in favor of specialized metabolism. These effects were similar in each single mutant and heightened in the double mutant, leading us to conclude that NOD and LGN act cumulatively in overlapping signaling pathways to coordinate growth-defense tradeoffs in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jazmín Abraham‐Juárez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadUnidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalGuanajuato36821Mexico
| | - Michael Busche
- Laboratory of GeneticsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin53706USA
| | - Alyssa A. Anderson
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCalifornia94710USA
| | - China Lunde
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
| | - Jeremy Winders
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Charles T. Hunter
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research ServiceGainesvilleFlorida32608USA
| | - Sarah Hake
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCalifornia94710USA
| | - Jacob O. Brunkard
- Laboratory of GeneticsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin53706USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCalifornia94710USA
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26
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Yue M, Jiang L, Zhang N, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang X, Chen Q, Tang H. Importance of FaWRKY71 in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012483. [PMID: 36293343 PMCID: PMC9604163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play a nonnegligible role in plant growth and development, but little is known about the involvement of WRKY transcription factors in the regulation of fruit ripening. In this study, FaWRKY71 was identified to be closely related to fruit maturation in octoploid strawberry. FaWRKY71 protein localized in the nucleus and responded to cold, salt, low phosphate, ABA, and light quality in strawberry seedlings. The temporal and spatial pattern expression analysis indicated that FaWRKY71 was expressed in all the detected tissues, especially in the full red fruits. In addition, FaWRKY71 gave rise to the accumulation of anthocyanin content by promoting the expression of structural genes FaF3’H, FaLAR, FaANR, and transport factors FaTT19 and FaTT12 in the flavonoid pathway, and softening the texture of strawberry via up-regulating the abundance of FaPG19 and FaPG21. Furthermore, FaWRKY71 was a positive regulator that mediated resistance against reactive oxygen species by enhancing the enzyme activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, reducing the amount of MDA. Altogether, this study provides new and comprehensive insight into the regulatory mechanisms facilitating fruit ripening in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Leiyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Nating Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianxi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (H.T.); Tel.: +86-158-9268-5193 (Q.C.); +86-136-0826-4028 (H.T.)
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (H.T.); Tel.: +86-158-9268-5193 (Q.C.); +86-136-0826-4028 (H.T.)
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Shen Y, Chi Y, Lu S, Lu H, Shi L. Involvement of JMJ15 in the dynamic change of genome-wide H3K4me3 in response to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009723. [PMID: 36226276 PMCID: PMC9549339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications play important roles in regulating chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is a prominent histone modification mainly associated with gene activation. Here we showed that a histone demethylase, JMJ15, belonging to KDM5/JARID group, is involved in salt stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Jmj15 loss-of-function mutants displayed increased sensitivity to salt stress. Moreover, knockout of JMJ15 impaired the salt responsive gene expression program and affected H3K4me3 levels of many stress-related genes under salt-stressed condition. Importantly, we demonstrated that JMJ15 regulated the expression level of two WRKY transcription factors, WRKY46 and WRKY70, which were negatively involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, JMJ15 directly bound to and demethylated H3K4me3 mark in the promoter and coding regions of WRKY46 and WRKY70, thereby repressing these two WRKY gene expression under salt stress. Overall, our study revealed a novel molecular function of the histone demethylase JMJ15 under salt stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuhao Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Mirza Z, Haque MM, Gupta M. WRKY transcription factors: a promising way to deal with arsenic stress in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10895-10904. [PMID: 35941412 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a global carcinogenic contaminant, and is one of the significant environmental constraints that limits the development and yield of crop plants. It is always tagged along with rice as rice takes up As and tends to accumulate it in grains. This amassment makes a way for As to get into the food chain that leads to unforeseen human health risks. Being viewed as parallel with toxicity, As in rice is an important global risk that calls for an urgent solution. WRKY Transcription Factors (TFs) seems to be promising in this area. The classical and substantial progress in the molecular mechanism of WRKY TFs, strengthened the understanding of innovative solutions for dealing with As in rice. Here, we review the potential of WRKY TFs under As stressed rice as a genetic solution and also provide insights into As and rice. Further, we develop an understanding of WRKY TF gene family and its regulation in rice. To date, studies on the role of WRKY TFs under As stressed rice are lacking. This area needs to be explored more so that this gene family can be utilized as an effective genetic tool that can break the As cycle to develop low or As free rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Mirza
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India.
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Characteristics and molecular identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:185-198. [PMID: 35932802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an essential enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway, plays a vital role in carbon metabolism, plant development, and stress resistance. As a kind of woody plant, poplars are widely cultivated for afforestation. Although the whole genome data of poplars have been published, little information is known about the GAPDH family of genes in poplar. This study performed a genome-wide identification of the poplar GAPDH family, and 13 determined PtGAPDH genes were identified from poplar genome. Phylogenetic tree showed that the PtGAPDH members were divided into PtGAPA/B, PtGAPC, PtGAPCp, and PtGAPN groups. A total of 13 PtGAPDH genes were distributed on eight chromosomes, 13 gene pairs belonging to segmented replication events were detected in poplar, and 23 collinearity gene pairs were determined between poplar and willow. The PtGAPDHcis-acting elements associated with growth and development as well as stress resistance revealed that PtGAPDHs might be involved in these processes. The phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) were predicted as the putative interaction proteins of PtGAPDHs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that PtGAPDHs play a crucial role in the oxidation and reduction processes. PtGAPDH expression levels were induced by NaCl and PEG treatments, which implied that PtGAPDHs might be involved in stress response. Overexpression of PtGAPC1 significantly changed the contents of lipid and carbohydrate metabolites, which indicated that PtGAPC1 plays an essential role in metabolic regulation. This study highlights the characterizations and profiles of PtGAPDHs and reveals that PtGAPC1 is involved in the loop of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA.
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Xu Y, Miao Y, Tian X, Wang Q, Hu Y, Luo Q. Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Assessment Reveals Epigenetic Regulation of WRKY Genes in Response to Magnaporthe oryzae Infection in Rice. Curr Genomics 2022; 23:182-194. [PMID: 36777006 PMCID: PMC9878826 DOI: 10.2174/1389202923666220510195910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Histone acetylations acting as active hallmarks for gene transcription is involved in regulating numerous developmental and stress-responsive gene expression. Methods: The data from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed by using histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) antibody, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) utilizing rice seedlings inoculated by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) were integrated. Results: RNA-seq data revealed that 422, 460 and 466 genes were up-regulated at 12h, 24h and 48h after inoculation. ChIP-seq data showed that 60%-80% of blast up-regulated genes at different time points were marked with H3K9ac, which was prone to be enriched in both TSS and gene body region. However, the H3K9ac level at a rather small proportion of the up-regulated genes was elevated after M. oryzae inoculation. We found that seven WRKY genes induced by rice blast fungus harbor H3K9ac. For different WRKY genes, blast fungus induction led to the increase of H3K9ac in distinct regions, including promoter, TSS or gene body, indicating that histone acetylation may play diverse roles in the activation of defense-related genes. By searching DNA-binding motifs of transcription factors in the promoter of genes with increased H3K9ac after M. oryzae infection, we found that ERF family protein-binding motifs were enriched with high -log P-value (>20), including ERF1, DEAR3, DREB2C, RAP2.6, RRTF1_3ARY, all of which contain GCC-box (GCCGCC). Conclusion: In this study, we revealed that the vast majority of genes induced by fungus M. oryzae were marked with H3K9ac preferring both TSS and gene body regions. However, H3K9ac enrichment was increased, responding to M. oryzae inoculation only at a low proportion of these genes, including several WRKY genes. Besides, for different genes, the increment of H3K9ac occurred in different regions. Finally, ERF proteins that have been proved to bind GCC-box might be one of the potential transcription factors for recruiting histone acetyltransferases to deposit histone acetylation at defense-related genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/Ministry of Education, Key Labo-ratory of Agricultural Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China;,College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, 448000, Jingmen, China;,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Yuanxin Miao
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, 448000, Jingmen, China;,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Xuejun Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, 448000, Jingmen, China
| | - Qihai Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, 448000, Jingmen, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China; Tel/Fax: 13769133718; E-mail: and Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China; Tel/Fax: 13677246318; E-mail:
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/Ministry of Education, Key Labo-ratory of Agricultural Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China; Tel/Fax: 13769133718; E-mail: and Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China; Tel/Fax: 13677246318; E-mail:
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Wang Z, Deng J, Liang T, Su L, Zheng L, Chen H, Liu D. Lilium regale Wilson WRKY3 modulates an antimicrobial peptide gene, LrDef1, during response to Fusarium oxysporum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:257. [PMID: 35606728 PMCID: PMC9128230 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play vital roles in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In a previous transcriptome sequencing analysis of Lilium regale Wilson, we identified multiple WRKY TFs that respond to exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment and lily Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum). RESULTS In the present study, the WRKY TF LrWRKY3 was further analyzed to reveal its function in defense response to F. oxysporum. The LrWRKY3 protein was localized in the plant cell nucleus, and LrWRKY3 transgenic tobacco lines showed higher resistance to F. oxysporum compared with wild-type (WT) tobacco. In addition, some genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction, and disease resistance had higher transcriptional levels in the LrWRKY3 transgenic tobacco lines than in the WT. On the contrary, L. regale scales transiently expressing LrWRKY3 RNA interference fragments showed higher sensitivity to F. oxysporum infection. Moreover, a F. oxysporum-induced defensin gene, Def1, was isolated from L. regale, and the recombinant protein LrDef1 isolated and purified from Escherichia coli possessed antifungal activity to several phytopathogens, including F. oxysporum. Furthermore, co-expression of LrWRKY3 and the LrDef1 promoter in tobacco enhanced the LrDef1 promoter-driven expression activity. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly indicate that LrWRKY3 is an important positive regulator in response to F. oxysporum infection, and one of its targets is the antimicrobial peptide gene LrDef1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zie Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Linlin Su
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lilei Zheng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Number 727 Jing Ming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Liu F, Chern M, Jain R, Martin JA, Schakwitz WS, Ronald PC. Silencing of Dicer-like protein 2a restores the resistance phenotype in the rice mutant, sxi4 (suppressor of Xa21-mediated immunity 4). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:646-657. [PMID: 35106860 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rice immune receptor XA21 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and upon recognition of the RaxX21-sY peptide produced by Xoo, XA21 activates the plant immune response. Here we screened 21 000 mutant plants expressing XA21 to identify components involved in this response, and reported here the identification of a rice mutant, sxi4, which is susceptible to Xoo. The sxi4 mutant carries a 32-kb translocation from chromosome 3 onto chromosome 7 and displays an elevated level of DCL2a transcript, encoding a Dicer-like protein. Silencing of DCL2a in the sxi4 genetic background restores resistance to Xoo. RaxX21-sY peptide-treated leaves of sxi4 retain the hallmarks of XA21-mediated immune response. However, WRKY45-1, a known negative regulator of rice resistance to Xoo, is induced in the sxi4 mutant in response to RaxX21-sY peptide treatment. A CRISPR knockout of a short interfering RNA (TE-siRNA815) in the intron of WRKY45-1 restores the resistance phenotype in sxi4. These results suggest a model where DCL2a accumulation negatively regulates XA21-mediated immunity by altering the processing of TE-siRNA815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mawsheng Chern
- Department of Plant Pathology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joel A Martin
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wendy S Schakwitz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Feedstocks Division, The Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
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WRKY Gene Family Drives Dormancy Release in Onion Bulbs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071100. [PMID: 35406664 PMCID: PMC8997782 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb crop grown worldwide. Dormancy in bulbous plants is an important physiological state mainly regulated by a complex gene network that determines a stop of vegetative growth during unfavorable seasons. Limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy in onion were available until now. Here, a comparison between uninfected and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV)-infected onion bulbs highlighted an altered dormancy in the virus-infected plants, causing several symptoms, such as leaf striping, growth reduction, early bulb sprouting and rooting, as well as a lower abscisic acid (ABA) level at the start of dormancy. Furthermore, by comparing three dormancy stages, almost five thousand four hundred (5390) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in uninfected bulbs, while the number of DEGs was significantly reduced (1322) in OYDV-infected bulbs. Genes involved in cell wall modification, proteolysis, and hormone signaling, such as ABA, gibberellins (GAs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and brassinosteroids (BRs), that have already been reported as key dormancy-related pathways, were the most enriched ones in the healthy plants. Interestingly, several transcription factors (TFs) were up-regulated in the uninfected bulbs, among them three genes belonging to the WRKY family, for the first time characterized in onion, were identified during dormancy release. The involvement of specific WRKY genes in breaking dormancy in onion was confirmed by GO enrichment and network analysis, highlighting a correlation between AcWRKY32 and genes driving plant development, cell wall modification, and division via gibberellin and auxin homeostasis, two key processes in dormancy release. Overall, we present, for the first time, a detailed molecular analysis of the dormancy process, a description of the WRKY-TF family in onion, providing a better understanding of the role played by AcWRKY32 in the bulb dormancy release. The TF co-expressed genes may represent targets for controlling the early sprouting in onion, laying the foundations for novel breeding programs to improve shelf life and reduce postharvest.
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Wang Y, Du F, Li Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Li Z, Xu J, Wang W, Fu B. Global N 6-Methyladenosine Profiling Revealed the Tissue-Specific Epitranscriptomic Regulation of Rice Responses to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2091. [PMID: 35216209 PMCID: PMC8875919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation represents a new layer of the epitranscriptomic regulation of plant development and growth. However, the effects of m6A on rice responses to environmental stimuli remain unclear. In this study, we performed a methylated-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and compared the changes in m6A methylation and gene expression in rice under salt stress conditions. Salt stress significantly increased the m6A methylation in the shoots (p value < 0.05). Additionally, 2537 and 2304 differential m6A sites within 2134 and 1997 genes were identified in the shoots and roots, respectively, under salt stress and control conditions. These differential m6A sites were largely regulated in a tissue-specific manner. A unique set of genes encoding transcription factors, antioxidants, and auxin-responsive proteins had increased or decreased m6A methylation levels only in the shoots or roots under salt stress, implying m6A may mediate salt tolerance by regulating transcription, ROS homeostasis, and auxin signaling in a tissue-specific manner. Integrating analyses of m6A modifications and gene expression changes revealed that m6A changes regulate the expression of genes controlling plant growth, stress responses, and ion transport under saline conditions. These findings may help clarify the regulatory effects of m6A modifications on rice salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengping Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yingbo Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
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Rosado D, Ackermann A, Spassibojko O, Rossi M, Pedmale UV. WRKY transcription factors and ethylene signaling modify root growth during the shade-avoidance response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1294-1311. [PMID: 34718759 PMCID: PMC8825332 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shade-intolerant plants rapidly elongate their stems, branches, and leaf stalks to compete with neighboring vegetation, maximizing sunlight capture for photosynthesis. This rapid growth adaptation, known as the shade-avoidance response (SAR), comes at a cost: reduced biomass, crop yield, and root growth. Significant progress has been made on the mechanistic understanding of hypocotyl elongation during SAR; however, the molecular interpretation of root growth repression is not well understood. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which SAR induced by low red:far-red light restricts primary and lateral root (LR) growth. By analyzing the whole-genome transcriptome, we identified a core set of shade-induced genes in roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings grown in the shade. Abiotic and biotic stressors also induce many of these shade-induced genes and are predominantly regulated by WRKY transcription factors. Correspondingly, a majority of WRKY genes were among the shade-induced genes. Functional analysis using transgenics of these shade-induced WRKYs revealed that their role is essentially to restrict primary root and LR growth in the shade; captivatingly, they did not affect hypocotyl elongation. Similarly, we also found that ethylene hormone signaling is necessary for limiting root growth in the shade. We propose that during SAR, shade-induced WRKY26, 45, and 75, and ethylene reprogram gene expression in the root to restrict its growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rosado
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Amanda Ackermann
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Olya Spassibojko
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ullas V Pedmale
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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Silencing a Simple Extracellular Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene OsI-BAK1 Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212182. [PMID: 34830062 PMCID: PMC8622231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plant proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) domains play an important role in plant immunity. However, the role of one class of eLRR plant proteins—the simple eLRR proteins—in plant defenses against herbivores remains largely unknown. Here, we found that a simple eLRR protein OsI-BAK1 in rice localizes to the plasma membrane. Its expression was induced by mechanical wounding, the infestation of gravid females of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens or white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera and treatment with methyl jasmonate or abscisic acid. Silencing OsI-BAK1 (ir-ibak1) in rice enhanced the BPH-induced transcript levels of three defense-related WRKY genes (OsWRKY24, OsWRKY53 and OsWRKY70) but decreased the induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays revealed that the hatching rate was significantly lower in BPH eggs laid on ir-ibak1 plants than wild-type (WT) plants; moreover, gravid BPH females preferred to oviposit on WT plants over ir-ibak1 plants. The exogenous application of ethephon on ir-ibak1 plants eliminated the BPH oviposition preference between WT and ir-ibak1 plants but had no effect on the hatching rate of BPH eggs. These findings suggest that OsI-BAK1 acts as a negative modulator of defense responses in rice to BPH and that BPH might exploit this modulator for its own benefit.
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Xie W, Ke Y, Cao J, Wang S, Yuan M. Knock out of transcription factor WRKY53 thickens sclerenchyma cell walls, confers bacterial blight resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1746-1761. [PMID: 34618083 PMCID: PMC8566205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are the first physical barrier against pathogen invasion, and plants thicken the cell wall to strengthen it and restrain pathogen infection. Bacterial blight is a devastating rice (Oryza sativa) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which typically enters the rice leaf through hydathodes and spreads throughout the plant via the xylem. Xoo interacts with cells surrounding the xylem vessel of a vascular bundle, but whether rice strengthens the sclerenchyma cell walls to stop pathogen proliferation is unclear. Here, we found that a WRKY protein, OsWRKY53, negatively confers resistance to Xoo by strengthening the sclerenchyma cell walls of the vascular bundle. OsMYB63 acts as a transcriptional activator and promotes the expression of three secondary cell wall-related cellulose synthase genes to boost cellulose accumulation, resulting in thickened sclerenchyma cell walls. Both OsWRKY53 and OsMYB63 are abundantly expressed in sclerenchyma cells of leaf vascular bundles. OsWRKY53 functions as a transcriptional repressor and acts genetically upstream of OsMYB63 to suppress its expression. The OsWRKY53-overexpressing and OsMYB63 knockout plants had thinner sclerenchyma cell walls, showing susceptibility to Xoo, while the OsWRKY53 knockout and OsMYB63-overexpressing plants had thicker sclerenchyma cell walls, exhibiting resistance to Xoo. These results suggest that modifying these candidate genes provides a strategy to improve rice resistance to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinggen Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Author for communication:
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Hu Q, Ao C, Wang X, Wu Y, Du X. GhWRKY1-like, a WRKY transcription factor, mediates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis via modulating ABA biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34625048 PMCID: PMC8501554 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress has great negative effects on the plant growth and development. The tolerance of plants to such abiotic stress is triggered by complicated and multilayered signaling pathways to restore cellular homeostasis and to promote survival. The WRKY family is one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and has been well recognized for the roles in regulating plants tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. However, little is known about how the WRKY genes regulate drought resistance in cotton. RESULTS In this work, we identified the WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY1-like from upland cotton as a positive regulator of tolerance to drought that directly manipulates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Overexpression of GhWRKY1-like in Arabidopsis constitutively activated ABA biosynthesis genes, signaling genes, responsive genes and drought related maker genes, and led to enhanced tolerance to drought. Further analysis has shown that GhWRKY1-like can interact with "W-box" cis-elements of the promoters of AtNCED2, AtNCED5, AtNCED6 and AtNCED9 which are essential enzymes for ABA biosynthesis, and promotes the expression of those target genes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings suggest that GhWRKY1-like may act as a positive regulator in Arabidopsis tolerance to drought via directly interacting with the promoters of AtNCED2, AtNCED5, AtNCED6 and AtNCED9 to promote ABA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanwei Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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Xu J, Gad AG, Luo Y, Fan C, Uddin JBG, ul Ain N, Huang C, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Zheng X. Five OsS40 Family Members Are Identified as Senescence-Related Genes in Rice by Reverse Genetics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701529. [PMID: 34539694 PMCID: PMC8446524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 OsS40 genes of Oryza sativa were identified in our previous work, but their functions remain unclear. In this study, 13 OsS40 members were knocked out using the CRISPR/cas9 gene-editing technology. After screening phenotype characterization of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants compared to WT, five oss40s mutants exhibited a stay-green phenotype at 30 days after heading. Moreover, increased grain size and grain weight occurred in the oss40-1, oss40-12, and oss40-14 lines, while declined grain weight appeared in the oss40-7 and oss40-13 mutants. The transcript levels of several senescence-associated genes (SAGs), chlorophyll degradation-related genes (CDGs), as well as WRKY members were differentially decreased in the five stay-green oss40s mutants compared to WT. Five oss40 mutants also exhibited a stay-green phenotype when the detached leaves were incubated under darkness for 4 days. OsSWEET4 and OsSWEET1b were significantly upregulated, while OsSWEET1a and OsSWEET13 were significantly downregulated in both oss40-7 and oss40-14 compared to WT. Furthermore, these five OsS40 displayed strong transcriptional activation activity and were located in the nucleus. Most of the OsS40 genes were downregulated in the oss40-1, oss40-7, and oss40-12 mutants, but upregulated in the oss40-13 and oss40-14 mutants, indicating coordinated regulation among OsS40 members. These results suggest that OsS40-1, OsS40-7, OsS40-12, OsS40-13, and OsS40-14 are senescence-associated genes, involved in the senescence and carbon allocation network by modulating other OsS40 members, SWEET member genes, and senescence-related gene expression.
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40
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Qiao H, Liu Y, Cheng L, Gu X, Yin P, Li K, Zhou S, Wang G, Zhou C. TaWRKY13-A Serves as a Mediator of Jasmonic Acid-Related Leaf Senescence by Modulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717233. [PMID: 34539711 PMCID: PMC8442999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is crucial for crop yield and quality. Transcriptional regulation is a key step for integrating various senescence-related signals into the nucleus. However, few regulators of senescence implicating transcriptional events have been functionally characterized in wheat. Based on our RNA-seq data, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, TaWRKY13-A, that predominately expresses at senescent stages. By using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, we manifested impaired transcription of TaWRKY13-A leading to a delayed leaf senescence phenotype in wheat. Moreover, the overexpression (OE) of TaWRKY13-A accelerated the onset of leaf senescence under both natural growth condition and darkness in Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, by physiological and molecular investigations, we verified that TaWRKY13-A participates in the regulation of leaf senescence via jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. The expression of JA biosynthetic genes, including AtLOX6, was altered in TaWRKY13-A-overexpressing Arabidopsis. We also demonstrated that TaWRKY13-A can interact with the promoter of AtLOX6 and TaLOX6 by using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter system. Consistently, we detected a higher JA level in TaWRKY13-A-overexpressing lines than that in Col-0. Moreover, our data suggested that TaWRKY13-A is partially functional conserved with AtWRKY53 in age-dependent leaf senescence. Collectively, this study manifests TaWRKY13-A as a positive regulator of JA-related leaf senescence, which could be a new clue for molecular breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongwei Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingling Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuelin Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Xiao S, Hu Q, Zhang X, Si H, Liu S, Chen L, Chen K, Berne S, Yuan D, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Zhu L. Orchestration of plant development and defense by indirect crosstalk of salicylic acid and brassinosteorid signaling via transcription factor GhTINY2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4721-4743. [PMID: 33928361 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are well known to regulate diverse processes of plant development and stress responses, but the mechanisms by which these phytohormones mediate the growth and defense trade-off are largely unclear. In addition, little is known about the roles of DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING transcription factors, especially in biotic stress and plant growth. Here, we identified a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR gene GhTINY2 that is strongly induced by Verticillium dahliae. Overexpression of GhTINY2 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to V. dahliae, while knockdown of expression increased the susceptibility of cotton to the pathogen. GhTINY2 was found to promote SA accumulation and SA signaling transduction by directly activating expression of WRKY51. Moreover, GhTINY2-overexpressing cotton and Arabidopsis showed retardation of growth, increased sensitivity to inhibitors of BR biosynthesis, down-regulation of several BR-induced genes, and up-regulation of BR-repressed genes, while GhTINY2-RNAi cotton showed the opposite effects. We further determined that GhTINY2 negatively regulates BR signaling by interacting with BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and restraining its transcriptional activation of the expression of INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 19 (IAA19). These findings indicate that GhTINY2 fine-tunes the trade-off between immunity and growth via indirect crosstalk between WRKY51-mediated SA biosynthesis and BZR1-IAA19-regulated BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Si
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Sabina Berne
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daojun Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Mauceri A, Abenavoli MR, Toppino L, Panda S, Mercati F, Aci MM, Aharoni A, Sunseri F, Rotino GL, Lupini A. Transcriptomics reveal new insights into molecular regulation of nitrogen use efficiency in Solanum melongena. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4237-4253. [PMID: 33711100 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is a complex trait of great interest in breeding programs because through its improvement, high crop yields can be maintained whilst N supply is reduced. In this study, we report a transcriptomic analysis of four NUE-contrasting eggplant (Solanum melongena) genotypes following short- and long-term exposure to low N, to identify key genes related to NUE in the roots and shoots. The differentially expressed genes in the high-NUE genotypes are involved in the light-harvesting complex and receptor, a ferredoxin-NADP reductase, a catalase and WRKY33. These genes were then used as bait for a co-expression gene network analysis in order to identify genes with the same trends in expression. This showed that up-regulation of WRKY33 triggered higher expression of a cluster of 21 genes and also of other genes, many of which were related to N-metabolism, that were able to improve both nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, the two components of NUE. We also conducted an independent de novo experiment to validate the significantly higher expression of WRKY33 and its gene cluster in the high-NUE genotypes. Finally, examination of an Arabidopsis transgenic 35S::AtWRKY33 overexpression line showed that it had a bigger root system and was more efficient at taking up N from the soil, confirming the pivotal role of WRKY33 for NUE improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mauceri
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Laura Toppino
- CREA - Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via Paullese 28, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse CNR - Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Corso Calatafimi 414, Palermo, Italy
| | - Meriem Miyassa Aci
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
- CREA - Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via Paullese 28, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Viana VE, Carlos da Maia L, Busanello C, Pegoraro C, Costa de Oliveira A. When rice gets the chills: comparative transcriptome profiling at germination shows WRKY transcription factor responses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:100-112. [PMID: 33773005 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice is vital for food security. Due to its tropical origin, rice suffers from cold temperatures that affect its entire life cycle. Key genes have been identified involved in cold tolerance. WRKYs are generally downstream of the MAPK cascade and can act together with VQ proteins to regulate stress-responsive genes. Chilling treatment was applied at germination to two rice genotypes (tolerant and sensitive). Shoots at S3 stage were collected for RNA-seq to identify OsWRKY, OsMAPKs and OsVQs expression. Relationships among MAPKs, WRKYs and VQs were predicted through correlation analysis. OsWRKY transcriptional regulation was predicted by in silico analysis of cis-regulatory elements. A total of 39 OsWRKYs were differentially expressed. OsWRKY21, OsWRK24 and OsWRKY69 are potential positive regulators, while OsWRKY10, OsWRK47, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY72 and OsWRKY77 are potential negative regulators, of chilling tolerance. 12 OsMAPKs were differentially expressed. OsMAPKs were downregulated and negatively correlated with the upregulated OsWRKYs in the tolerant genotype. 19 OsVQs were differentially expressed, three and six OsVQs were positively correlated with OsWRKYs in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. Seven differentially expressed OsWRKYs have cold-responsive elements in their promoters and five upregulated OsWRKYs in the tolerant genotype contained the W-box motif. Chilling causes changes in OsWRKY, OsMAPK and OsVQ gene expression at germination. OsWRKYs may not act downstream of the MAPK cascade to coordinate chilling tolerance, but OsWRKYs may act with VQs to regulate chilling tolerance. Candidate OsWRKYs are correlated and have a W-box in the promoter, suggesting an auto-regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Viana
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - L Carlos da Maia
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - C Busanello
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - C Pegoraro
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - A Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
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Li S, Hai J, Wang Z, Deng J, Liang T, Su L, Liu D. Lilium regale Wilson WRKY2 Regulates Chitinase Gene Expression During the Response to the Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741463. [PMID: 34646290 PMCID: PMC8503523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Root rot, mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is the most destructive disease affecting lily (Lilium spp.) production. The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have important roles during plant immune responses. To clarify the effects of WRKY TFs on plant defense responses to pathogens, a WRKY gene (LrWRKY2) was isolated from Lilium regale Wilson, which is a wild lily species highly resistant to F. oxysporum. The expression of LrWRKY2, which encodes a nuclear protein, is induced by various hormones (methyl jasmonate, ethephon, salicylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide) and by F. oxysporum infection. In this study, LrWRKY2-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants were more resistant to F. oxysporum than the wild-type plants. Moreover, the expression levels of jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway-related genes (NtAOC, NtAOS, NtKAT, NtPACX, NtJMT, NtOPR, and NtLOX), pathogenesis-related genes (NtCHI, NtGlu2, and NtPR-1), and antioxidant stress-related superoxide dismutase genes (NtSOD, NtCu-ZnSOD, and MnSOD) were significantly up-regulated in LrWRKY2 transgenic tobacco lines. Additionally, the transient expression of a hairpin RNA targeting LrWRKY2 increased the susceptibility of L. regale scales to F. oxysporum. Furthermore, an F. oxysporum resistance gene (LrCHI2) encoding a chitinase was isolated from L. regale. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that LrWRKY2 can bind to the LrCHI2 promoter containing the W-box element. Yeast one-hybrid assay results suggested that LrWRKY2 can activate LrCHI2 transcription. An examination of transgenic tobacco transformed with LrWRKY2 and the LrCHI2 promoter revealed that LrWRKY2 activates the LrCHI2 promoter. Therefore, in L. regale, LrWRKY2 is an important positive regulator that contributes to plant defense responses to F. oxysporum by modulating LrCHI2 expression.
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Tiwari P, Indoliya Y, Chauhan AS, Singh P, Singh PK, Singh PC, Srivastava S, Pande V, Chakrabarty D. Auxin-salicylic acid cross-talk ameliorates OsMYB-R1 mediated defense towards heavy metal, drought and fungal stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122811. [PMID: 32540701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The MYB TF family is an immensely large and functionally diverse class of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cell morphogenesis to stress signaling mechanism. The present study deciphered the hormonal cross-talk of wound inducible and stress-responsive OsMYB-R1 transcription factor in combating abiotic [Cr(VI) and drought/PEG] as well as biotic (Rhizoctonia solani) stress. OsMYB-R1 over-expressing rice transgenics exhibit a significant increase in lateral roots, which may be associated with increased tolerance under Cr(VI) and drought exposure. In contrast, its loss-of-function reduces stress tolerance. Higher auxin accumulation in the OsMYB-R1 over-expressed lines further strengthens the protective role of lateral roots under stress conditions. RNA-seq. data reveals over-representation of salicylic acid signaling molecule calcium-dependent protein kinases, which probably activate the stress-responsive downstream genes (Peroxidases, Glutathione S-transferases, Osmotins, Heat Shock Proteins, Pathogenesis Related-Proteins). Enzymatic studies further confirm OsMYB-R1 mediated robust antioxidant system as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were found to be increased in the over-expressed lines. Our results suggest that OsMYB-R1 is part of a complex network of transcription factors controlling the cross-talk of auxin and salicylic acid signaling and other genes in response to multiple stresses by modifying molecular signaling, internal cellular homeostasis and root morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Tiwari
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital 26300, India
| | - Yuvraj Indoliya
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhishek Singh Chauhan
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Puja Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital 26300, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhao MM, Zhang XW, Liu YW, Li K, Tan Q, Zhou S, Wang G, Zhou CJ. A WRKY transcription factor, TaWRKY42-B, facilitates initiation of leaf senescence by promoting jasmonic acid biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:444. [PMID: 32993508 PMCID: PMC7526184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf senescence comprises numerous cooperative events, integrates environmental signals with age-dependent developmental cues, and coordinates the multifaceted deterioration and source-to-sink allocation of nutrients. In crops, leaf senescence has long been regarded as an essential developmental stage for productivity and quality, whereas functional characterization of candidate genes involved in the regulation of leaf senescence has, thus far, been limited in wheat. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of 97 WRKY transcription factors (TFs) throughout the progression of leaf senescence in wheat and subsequently isolated a potential regulator of leaf senescence, TaWRKY42-B, for further functional investigation. By phenotypic and physiological analyses in TaWRKY42-B-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and TaWRKY42-B-silenced wheat plants, we confirmed the positive role of TaWRKY42-B in the initiation of developmental and dark-induced leaf senescence. Furthermore, our results revealed that TaWRKY42-B promotes leaf senescence mainly by interacting with a JA biosynthesis gene, AtLOX3, and its ortholog, TaLOX3, which consequently contributes to the accumulation of JA content. In the present study, we also demonstrated that TaWRKY42-B was functionally conserved with AtWRKY53 in the initiation of age-dependent leaf senescence. CONCLUSION Our results revealed a novel positive regulator of leaf senescence, TaWRKY42-B, which mediates JA-related leaf senescence via activation of JA biosynthesis and has the potential to be a target gene for molecular breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yong-Wei Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences /Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences /Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Chun-Jiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
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Luo L, Kong X, Gao Z, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Li X, Yang D, Geng Y, Yang Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals ecological adaption of cold tolerance in northward invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:532. [PMID: 32741374 PMCID: PMC7430914 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) is a highly invasive alien plant that has continuously and successfully expanded from the tropical to the temperate regions of China via asexual reproduction. During this process, the continuous decrease in temperature has been a key limiting environmental factor. RESULTS In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the cold tolerance of alligator weed via transcriptomics. The transcriptomic differences between the southernmost population and the northernmost population of China were compared at different time points of cold treatments. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the alligator weed transcriptional response to cold stress is associated with genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction and metabolic processes. Although members of the same gene family were often expressed in both populations, the levels of gene expression between them varied. Further ChIP experiments indicated that histone epigenetic modification changes at the candidate transcription factor gene loci are accompanied by differences in gene expression in response to cold, without variation in the coding sequences of these genes in these two populations. These results suggest that histone changes may contribute to the cold-responsive gene expression divergence between these two populations to provide the most beneficial response to chilling stimuli. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the major alterations in gene expression levels belonging to the main cold-resistance response processes may be responsible for the divergence in the cold resistance of these two populations. During this process, histone modifications in cold-responsive genes have the potential to drive the major alterations in cold adaption necessary for the northward expansion of alligator weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landi Luo
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zean Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Danni Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yupeng Geng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China. .,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Dasgupta P, Das A, Datta S, Banerjee I, Tripathy S, Chaudhuri S. Understanding the early cold response mechanism in IR64 indica rice variety through comparative transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:425. [PMID: 32580699 PMCID: PMC7315535 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular reprogramming in response to environmental stress involves alteration of gene expression, changes in the protein and metabolite profile for ensuring better stress management in plants. Similar to other plant species originating in tropical and sub-tropical areas, indica rice is highly sensitive to low temperature that adversely affects its growth and grain productivity. Substantial work has been done to understand cold induced changes in gene expression in rice plants. However, adequate information is not available for early gene expression, especially in indica variety. Therefore, a transcriptome profile was generated for cold shock treated seedlings of IR64 variety to identify early responsive genes. Results The functional annotation of early DEGs shows enrichment of genes involved in altered membrane rigidity and electrolytic leakage, the onset of calcium signaling, ROS generation and activation of stress responsive transcription factors in IR64. Gene regulatory network suggests that cold shock induced Ca2+ signaling activates DREB/CBF pathway and other groups of transcription factors such as MYB, NAC and ZFP; for activating various cold-responsive genes. The analysis also indicates that cold induced signaling proteins like RLKs, RLCKs, CDPKs and MAPKK and ROS signaling proteins. Further, several late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA), dehydrins and low temperature-induced-genes were upregulated under early cold shock condition, indicating the onset of water-deficit conditions. Expression profiling in different high yielding cultivars shows high expression of cold-responsive genes in Heera and CB1 indica varieties. These varieties show low levels of cold induced ROS production, electrolytic leakage and high germination rate post-cold stress, compared to IR36 and IR64. Collectively, these results suggest that these varieties may have improved adaptability to cold stress. Conclusions The results of this study provide insights about early responsive events in Oryza sativa l.ssp. indica cv IR64 in response to cold stress. Our data shows the onset of cold response is associated with upregulation of stress responsive TFs, hydrophilic proteins and signaling molecules, whereas, the genes coding for cellular biosynthetic enzymes, cell cycle control and growth-related TFs are downregulated. This study reports that the generation of ROS is integral to the early response to trigger the ROS mediated signaling events during later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiti Dasgupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sambit Datta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Ishani Banerjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sucheta Tripathy
- Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shubho Chaudhuri
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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49
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Zhao N, He M, Li L, Cui S, Hou M, Wang L, Mu G, Liu L, Yang X. Identification and expression analysis of WRKY gene family under drought stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231396. [PMID: 32271855 PMCID: PMC7144997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play crucial roles in regulation mechanism leading to the adaption of plants to the complex environment. In this study, AhWRKY family was comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatic approaches in combination with transcriptome sequencing data of the drought-tolerant peanut variety ‘L422’. A total of 158 AhWRKY genes were identified and named according to their distribution on the chromosomes. Based on the structural features and phylogenetic analysis of AhWRKY proteins, the AhWRKY family members were classified into three (3) groups, of which group II included five (5) subgroups. Results of structure and conserved motifs analysis for the AhWRKY genes confirmed the accuracy of the clustering analysis. In addition, 12 tandem and 136 segmental duplication genes were identified. The results indicated that segmental duplication events were the main driving force in the evolution of AhWRKY family. Collinearity analysis found that 32 gene pairs existed between Arachis hypogaea and two diploid wild ancestors (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis), which provided valuable clues for phylogenetic characteristics of AhWRKY family. Furthermore, 19 stress-related cis-acting elements were found in the promoter regions. During the study of gene expression level of AhWRKY family members in response to drought stress, 73 differentially expressed AhWRKY genes were obtained to have been influenced by drought stress. These results provide fundamental insights for further study of WRKY genes in peanut drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Meijing He
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shunli Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mingyu Hou
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Guojun Mu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (XY)
| | - Xinlei Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (XY)
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50
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Li Q, Qin Y, Hu X, Li G, Ding H, Xiong X, Wang W. Transcriptome analysis uncovers the gene expression profile of salt-stressed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5411. [PMID: 32214109 PMCID: PMC7096413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple food worldwide. However, its growth has been heavily suppressed by salt stress. The molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in potato remain unclear. It has been shown that the tetraploid potato Longshu No. 5 is a salt-tolerant genotype. Therefore, in this study we conducted research to identify salt stress response genes in Longshu No. 5 using a NaCl treatment and time-course RNA sequencing. The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress was 5508. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it was found that DEGs were significantly enriched in the categories of nucleic acid binding, transporter activity, ion or molecule transport, ion binding, kinase activity and oxidative phosphorylation. Particularly, the significant differential expression of encoding ion transport signaling genes suggests that this signaling pathway plays a vital role in salt stress response in potato. Finally, the DEGs in the salt response pathway were verified by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results provide valuable information on the salt tolerance of molecular mechanisms in potatoes, and establish a basis for breeding salt-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuzhi Qin
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xinxi Hu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongying Ding
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Wanxing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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