Prevalence and screening for risk factors of type 2 diabetes in Rize, Nourtheast Turkey: findings from a population-based study

Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in University Students at the University of Extremadura: A Cross-Sectional Study

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. The aim of our study was to detect people susceptible to DM among a university population aged 18 to 45 years and analyze the existence of modifiable risk factors in order to implement prevention programs, in addition to analyzing BMI data related to the variables under study. We proposed a descriptive, cross-sectional study following the recommendations of cross-sectional studies (STROBE), with a sample of 341 subjects, students enrolled at the University of Extremadura, carried out by two researchers. The research protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Extremadura (165/2021). The study considered the Findrisk questionnaire in Spanish, validated by the Blackboard Study, a stadiometer to measure height, a bioimpedance meter to evaluate weight and body composition parameters, and a blood pressure monitor to measure blood pressure. The results indicated that the participants had a low risk of suffering T2DM. The highest Findrisk test scores were found in those with a BMI value above 25, lower physical activity, poor dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased fat mass. Our future research will be the implementation of T2DM prevention programs, acting on modifiable factors.

The Risk of T2DM in College Women: The Predictive Power of Financial versus Residential Status in a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in Turkey

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between dietary habits, income levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Turkish female university students who are living with their family or in the dormitory. Materials and Methods: This work was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted during December 2016–January 2017 in Istanbul Yeni Yuzyıl University. A survey was administered to 100 female students, 60 living with their family and 40 in dormitories. Income level was determined based on TURKSTAT 2015 percentiles. T2DM risk was determined using the Finnish Diabetes Association Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form (FINDRISC). Food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall results were analyzed by the diet analysis software Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS), specially developed for Turkey. Results: Results indicated inadequacies and imbalanced nutrition among female college students overall. Notably, there was a statistically significant higher diet quality for the students living with their families compared to those living in dormitories. Income level was consistently positively associated with better nutritional outcomes, while negatively associated with T2DM risk, but interestingly, only in the case of students living in the dormitory and not for those living with family. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that financial status, rather than living in the dormitory versus with family, is positively associated with increased T2DM risk as assessed via FINDRISC among Turkish female college students. This study’s results indicate a potential need for educational programs and nutritional support for students, particularly those living away from family.

Prediction of a 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Turkish population: A cross-sectional study

According to the International Diabetes Federation, Turkey will be among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2045, with a speculated number of cases of 10.4 million.This study aimed to predict the 10-year risk of type 2 DM in a Turkish population, assess potential factors of the 10-year risk of DM, and assess the outcomes of Turkey's 2015 to 2020 program for DM.Individuals aged 20-64 years were categorized and stratified according to age (in ranges of 5 years), sex, and populations of family medicine centers to reflect the whole population. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, sociodemographic characteristics, body fat, muscle, bone ratio, blood pressure, and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated.We found that 9.5% (n = 71) of the population aged 20 to 64 years will have DM within the next 10 years. Low levels of education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-4.174), smoking cessation (OR: 2.636; 95% CI: 1.260-5.513), a waist-to-height ratio >0.5 (OR: 6.885; 95% CI: 2.301-20.602), body fat percentage (OR: 1.187; 95% CI: 1.130-1.247), high systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.009-1.041), and alcohol consumption (beta-estimation: -0.690; OR: 0.501; 95% CI: 0.275-0.914) affect the 10-year risk of type 2 DM.Individuals at risk for DM can be easily identified using risk assessment tools in primary care; however, there is no active screening program in the healthcare system, and only proposals exist. In addition to screening, preventive measures should focus on raising awareness of DM, reducing body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure, and decreasing the waist-to-height ratio to <0.5.

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among University Students in Malaysia

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a preventable condition. Targeting those who are at risk of getting this disease is essential.

OBJECTIVE

To examine T2D risk among university students in Malaysia and determine its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics and physical activity.

METHODS

The study was conducted cross-sectionally on 390 students selected using quota sampling method from 13 faculties in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score were used to measure the physical activity and T2D risk.

RESULTS

The T2D risk was found to be low (M = 5.23, SD = 3.32) with more than two-third of the student population at the low risk level while a significant proportion of 23.8%, 5.6% and 0.3% having slightly elevated, moderate and high risk respectively. The T2D risk was significantly related to their age (rho = 0.197, p < 0.000), gender (U = 12641, p = 0.011), ethnic group (Χ2 = 18.86, p < 0.000), marital status (Χ2 = 6.597, p = 0.037), residence (U = 10345, p = 0.008), academic year (Χ2 = 14.24, p = 0.007) and physical activity (rho = -0.205, p < 0.000 and Χ2 = 13.515, p = 0.001). Of these, only age (β=0.130) and physical activity (β=-0.159) remained significant in the regression analysis.

CONCLUSION

The findings call for a radical change in the nursing practice to target the amendable factors that are significant in order to prevent the progression of the risk towards type 2 diabetes.

Determining type 2 diabetes risk factors for the adults: A community based study from Turkey

AIMS

This study aimed to determine risk factors for type 2 diabetes among adults who were not diagnosed with diabetes.

METHODS

Adults were included in this study within the public activities performed on World Diabetes Day (n=1872). Data were collected using the FINDRISC questionnaire and a short questionnaire.

RESULTS

Participants' mean age was 39.35±10.40. The mean FINDRISC score was 7.46±4.62, women's mean score was higher than that for men. The FINDRISC score indicates that 7.4% of the participants were in the highrisk group. Among participants, BMI value of 65.1% was 25kg/m² and higher, waist circumference of 58% was over the threshold value; and 50.7% did not engage in sufficient physical activity. Of the participants, 9.5% had a history of high blood glucose, families of 38.9% had a history of diabetes. The mean FINDRISC score was in the slightly high category, 121 participants were found likely to be diagnosed with diabetes within ten years if no action was taken.

CONCLUSIONS

It is recommended the risk screening studies to be conducted and the FINDRISC tool to be used in Turkey, where diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly, to determine diabetes risks in the early period and to raise social awareness for diabetes.