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Hyun Park S, Young Park H, Kim H, Woo Han J, Sook Yoon J. Hematological Second Primary Malignancy in Pediatric Retinoblastoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 40:487-496. [PMID: 39145503 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of heredity and treatment modalities on the development of hematologic second primary malignancies (SPMs) is unclear. This study primarily reviewed the literature on patients with hematologic SPMs after retinoblastoma. METHODS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to identify all cases of hematologic SPMs after retinoblastoma through December 2023 (International prospective register of systematic reviews CRD42023488273). RESULTS Sixty-one patients from 35 independent publications and our case were included. Within the cohort, 15 patients (51.7%) were male, and 14 patients (48.3%) were female. Of the 43 cases with known heritability status, 27 (62.8%) were classified as heritable and 16 (37.2%) as nonheritable. The median age at diagnosis was 18 months (IQR: 7.00-36.00). The geographic distribution of patients was diverse, with North America accounting for 35.0% (21/60) of cases. The following treatment strategies were used: 11.9% (5/42) of patients received neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy, 33.3% (14/42) received chemotherapy alone, 11.9% (5/42) received radiotherapy alone, and 42.9% (18/42) received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median delay between retinoblastoma diagnosis and SPM diagnosis was 40 months (IQR: 22.00-85.00). Among the 61 cases, acute myeloid leukemia accounted for 44.3% (27/61), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 21.3% (13/61), Hodgkin's lymphoma in 11.5% (7/61), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 9.8% (6/61), chronic myeloid leukemia in 3.3% (2/61), and acute natural killer cell leukemia in 1.6% (1/61). CONCLUSIONS Vigilant systemic surveillance for hematologic SPMs in retinoblastoma survivors, especially those treated with systemic chemotherapy and those with hereditary conditions, is warranted to improve management strategies and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jung Woo Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Department of Pediatric Haemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Centre, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital
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2
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Slack JC, Church AJ. Molecular Alterations in Pediatric Solid Tumors. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:277-304. [PMID: 38821645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric tumors can be divided into hematologic malignancies, central nervous system tumors, and extracranial solid tumors of bone, soft tissue, or other organ systems. Molecular alterations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and familial cancer risk have been described in many pediatric solid tumors. In addition to providing a concise summary of clinically relevant molecular alterations in extracranial pediatric solid tumors, this review discusses conventional and next-generation sequencing-based molecular techniques, relevant tumor predisposition syndromes, and the increasing integration of molecular data into the practice of diagnostic pathology for children with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Slack
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Robert J. Tomsich), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Nag A, Khetan V. Retinoblastoma - A comprehensive review, update and recent advances. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:778-788. [PMID: 38804799 PMCID: PMC11232864 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2414_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric ocular malignancy. It is triggered by a biallelic mutation in the RB1 gene or MYCN oncogene amplification. Retinoblastomas can be unilateral (60%-70%) or bilateral (30%-40%); bilateral tumors are always heritable and present at an earlier age as compared to unilateral ones (18-24 months vs. 36 months in India). High prevalence rates, delayed presentation, and inaccessibility to healthcare lead to worse outcomes in developing countries. The past few decades have seen a paradigm change in the treatment of retinoblastomas, shifting from enucleation and external beam radiotherapy to less aggressive modalities for eye salvage. Multimodality treatment is now the standard of care and includes intraarterial or intravenous chemotherapy along with focal consolidation therapies such as transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and laser photocoagulation. Intravitreal and intracameral chemotherapy can help in controlling intraocular seeds. Advanced extraocular or metastatic tumors still have a poor prognosis. Genetic testing, counseling, and screening of at-risk family members must be incorporated as essential parts of management. A better understanding of the genetics and molecular basis of retinoblastoma has opened up the path for potential targeted therapy in the future. Novel recent advances such as liquid biopsy, prenatal diagnosis, prognostic biomarkers, tylectomy, and chemoplaque point to promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwaita Nag
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Formerly at Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Zhanbo Q, Jing Z, Shugao H, Yinhang W, Jian C, Xiang Y, Feimin Z, Jian L, Xinyue W, Wei W, Shuwen H. Age and aging process alter the gut microbes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6839-6851. [PMID: 38613799 PMCID: PMC11087091 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbes and age are both factors that influence the development of disease. The community structure of gut microbes is affected by age. OBJECTIVE To plot time-dependent gut microbe profiles in individuals over 45 years old and explore the correlation between age and gut microbes. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 510 healthy individuals over 45 years old. Shannon index, Simpson index, Ace index, etc. were used to analyze the diversity of gut microbes. The beta diversity analysis, including non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), was used to analyze community distribution. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) algorithm were used to analyze the differences of gut microbes. Trend analysis was used to plot the abundances of characteristic gut microbes in different ages. RESULTS The individuals aged 45-49 had the highest richness of gut bacteria. Fifteen characteristic gut microbes, including Siphoviridae and Bifidobacterium breve, were screened by RF algorithm. The abundance of Ligiactobacillus and Microviridae were higher in individuals older than 65 years. Moreover, the abundance of Blautia_A massiliensis, Lubbockvirus and Enterocloster clostridioformis decreased with age and the abundance of Klebsiella variicola and Prevotella increased with age. The functional genes, such as human diseases and aging, were significantly different among different aged individuals. CONCLUSIONS The individuals in different ages have characteristic gut microbes. The changes in community structure of gut microbes may be related to age-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Zhanbo
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Shugao
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310017, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Feimin
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Jian
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Xinyue
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
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Gao Y, Du P. miR-4529-3p Promotes the Progression of Retinoblastoma by Inhibiting RB1 Expression and Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:102-111. [PMID: 37041423 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant ocular cancer that affects children. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in RB regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-4529-3p in RB pathogenesis. Scratch, Transwell, and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assays were conducted to assess the migratory, invasive, and proliferative abilities of RB cells. The expression levels of miR-4529-3p, RB1, and ERK pathway-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Target relationships were verified using dual-luciferase reporter experiments. A murine RB model was developed to analyze the effects of miR-4529-3p on RB tumor growth in vivo. Our experiments revealed high levels of miR-4529-3p and low levels of RB1 in RB tissues. Functional analyses revealed that the migratory, invasive, and proliferative abilities of RB cells were repressed by miR-4529-3p inhibition. Similarly, p-ERK 1/2 protein levels were suppressed by miR-4529-3p inhibition. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-4529-3p limited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-4259-3p targets RB1. Interestingly, RB1 silencing abrogated the alleviative effects of miR-4529-3p downregulation in RB cells. MiR-4529-3p promotes RB progression by inhibiting RB1 and activating the ERK pathway. This evidence suggests that the miR-4529-3p/RB1 regulatory axis may be a prospective target for RB treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, No. 215, Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, No. 215, Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
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Lukamba RM, Budiongo AN, Monga BB, Yao A, Bey P, Chenge GB, Desjardins L, Doz F, Mwembo AT, Kabesha TA, Luboya ON. Treatment adherence in retinoblastoma: A retro-prospective cohort study in Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 7:e1949. [PMID: 38146612 PMCID: PMC10849925 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries, retinoblastoma is curable in more than 95% of cases, whereas in low-income countries, mortality remains high, especially when the diagnosis is made late or the treatment is discontinued. AIMS To determine the factors associated with adherence to the treatment of retinoblastoma in the Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). METHODS AND RESULTS A retro-prospective cohort study was carried out. Data were collected from patient folders and follow-up records of parents. RESULTS A total of 175 children with retinoblastoma were registered from January 2013 to December 2015. Seventy-six children (43%) were 5 years old and above. Care costs were covered by families in 86.9% of cases. Chemotherapy refusal was recorded in 39 cases (22.3%), and enucleation refusal was recorded in 79 cases (45.1%). After 36 months of follow-up, we recorded 16.6% deaths, 27.4% treatment dropouts, and 18.3% loss to follow-up after treatment. The commonest cause for enucleation refusal was fear of infirmity, while chemotherapy refusal and absconding treatment were due to financial constraints. CONCLUSION Poor adherence to retinoblastoma management was due to financial constraints, and a lack of knowledge of the disease and its treatment. Family psychosocial support is needed to improve this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mbuli Lukamba
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Oncology Unit)University of LubumbashiLubumbashiDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
| | - Aléine Nzazi Budiongo
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Oncology Unit)University of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
| | - Ben Bondo Monga
- Faculty of Medicine and School of Public HealthUniversity of LubumbashiLubumbashiDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
| | - Atteby Yao
- Pediatric Oncology UnitUniversity Teaching Hospital of TreichvilleAbidjanIvory Coast
| | - Pierre Bey
- Advisor to the President of Institut CurieUniversity of Lorraine and AMCCParisFrance
| | | | | | - François Doz
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation, Research in Child Oncology, Adolescent and Young Adult) Institut Curie and University Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Albert Tambwe Mwembo
- Faculty of Medicine and School of Public HealthUniversity of LubumbashiLubumbashiDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
| | | | - Oscar Numbi Luboya
- Department of Pediatrics and School of Public HealthUniversity of LubumbashiLubumbashiDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
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7
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Wen X, Fan J, Jin M, Jiang H, Li J, Han M, Zhang C, He X, Luo Y, Yang J, Zhou M, Tan J, Yang X, Ji X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Jia R, Fan X. Intravenous versus super-selected intra-arterial chemotherapy in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma: an open-label, multicentre, randomised trial. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:613-620. [PMID: 37536351 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super-selected intra-arterial chemotherapy has increasingly been used as conservative management for retinoblastoma during the past decade. However, the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials engendered controversy in the administration route of chemotherapy. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy compared with intravenous chemotherapy. METHODS This open-label, multicentre, randomised trial was done at six hospitals in China. Patients with new-onset unilateral group D or E retinoblastoma (poorly defined, large, or very large tumours, according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification) without high-risk clinical factors were included. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intra-arterial chemotherapy (injections of 0·5 mg/kg [or depending on age] melphalan with 20 mg carboplatin [first and third cycles] or with 1 mg topotecan [second and fourth cycles]) or intravenous chemotherapy (0·05 mg/kg [or 1·5 mg/m2] vincristine, 5 mg/kg [or 150 mg/m2] etoposide, and 18·6 mg/kg [or 560 mg/m2] carboplatin for six cycles). After intra-arterial chemotherapy, patients received a subcutaneous injection of 0·1 mL nadroparin calcium twice at a 12 h interval. Both intra-arterial and intravenous chemotherapy cycles were completed every 4 weeks. No masking was done, except of independent statisticians, who were masked to the allocation information. The primary outcome was 2-year progression-free globe salvage rate, defined as the time from randomisation to tumour progression or enucleation, whichever occurred first, and was analysed by intention to treat. We also recorded predefined safety outcomes (myelosuppression and ophthalmic arterial stenosis or occlusion) and severe adverse events likely to be related to study treatment. The study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15006469, and is complete. FINDINGS Between June 1, 2015, and June 1, 2018, 234 patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma were screened and 143 eligible patients (median age 23·6 months [IQR 14·0-31·9]) were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intra-arterial chemotherapy group (n=72) or the intravenous chemotherapy group (n=71). At a median follow-up of 35·8 months (IQR 28·4-43·0), the 2-year progression-free globe salvage rate was 53% (38 of 72 patients) in the intra-arterial chemotherapy group and 27% (19 of 71 patients) in the intravenous chemotherapy group (risk ratio 1·97, 95% CI 1·27-3·07, p=0·0020). Myelosuppression was less common in the intra-arterial chemotherapy group than in the intravenous chemotherapy group (37 [51%] of 72 patients vs 50 [70%] of 71 patients; 0·73, 95% CI 0·56-0·96, p=0·021) and less severe (ptrend=0·0070). In the intra-arterial chemotherapy group, two (3%) of 72 patients had ophthalmic artery occlusion and 13 (18%) patients had ophthalmic artery stenosis. INTERPRETATION Our findings show that intra-arterial chemotherapy could significantly improve the globe salvage rate in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma compared with intravenous chemotherapy, with mild systemic complications and no difference in overall survival rate. Intra-arterial chemotherapy could be an acceptable first-line treatment in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma. FUNDING Scientific Research Program of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinji Yang
- Senior department of Ophthalmology, the third medical center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- National Center for Pediatric Center Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yadav G, Singh A, Kushwaha R, Verma N, Srivastava RM, Singh US. Utility of bone marrow examination in retinoblastoma and their correlation with hematological features. J Med Life 2023; 16:1245-1250. [PMID: 38024824 PMCID: PMC10652682 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma makes up about 3% of all childhood malignancies. The frequency of metastatic retinoblastoma ranges from 4.8 to 11%. Assessing the bone marrow status of newly diagnosed patients is crucial because of the advantages of autologous bone marrow transplants for high-risk patients. This study aimed to determine the utility of bone marrow examination in cases of retinoblastoma and its correlation with hematological findings. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. A total of 34 cases of retinoblastoma with bone marrow examination were included in the study. Bone marrow infiltration was present in 17.65% (6/34) cases of retinoblastoma. Bone marrow aspirate myelogram showed that marrow metastasis in retinoblastoma was significantly linked with a reduced percentage of total myeloid cells (p=0.001) and segmented cells (p=0.006). The present study demonstrated that 15% (3/20) of retinoblastoma patients previously classified as nonmetastatic before bone marrow examination (stages I to III based on histology, imaging, and bone scan) had bone marrow metastases following bone marrow examination and were upgraded to stage IV. To conclude, a diligent and exhaustive search for metastatic cells in bone marrow is advised if the myelogram shows a reduced percentage of total myeloid and segmented cells. All stage II and stage III cases of retinoblastoma must undergo bone marrow examination for early metastasis detection, as it may result in an upgrade to stage IV disease, impacting the prognosis and necessitating distinct treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Yadav
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Rashmi Kushwaha
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Nishant Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Uma Shankar Singh
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
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Liu H, Cheng J, Zhuang X, Qi B, Li F, Zhang B. Genomic instability and eye diseases. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2023; 3:103-111. [PMID: 37846358 PMCID: PMC10577848 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic information is stored in the bases of double-stranded DNA. However, the integrity of DNA molecules is constantly threatened by various mutagenic agents, including pollutants, ultraviolet light (UV), and medications. To counteract these environmental damages, cells have established multiple mechanisms, such as producing molecules to identify and eliminate damaged DNA, as well as reconstruct the original DNA structures. Failure or insufficiency of these mechanisms can cause genetic instability. However, the role of genome stability in eye diseases is still under-researched, despite extensive study in cancer biology. Main text As the eye is directly exposed to the external environment, the genetic materials of ocular cells are constantly under threat. Some of the proteins essential for DNA damage repair, such as pRb, p53, and RAD21, are also key during the ocular disease development. In this review, we discuss five ocular diseases that are associated with genomic instability. Retinoblastoma and pterygium are linked to abnormal cell cycles. Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy and age-related macular degeneration are related to the accumulation of DNA damage caused by oxidative damage and UV. The mutation of the subunit of the cohesin complex during eye development is linked to sclerocornea. Conclusions Failure of DNA damage detection or repair leads to increased genomic instability. Deciphering the role of genomic instability in ocular diseases can lead to the development of new treatments and strategies, such as protecting vulnerable cells from risk factors or intensifying damage to unwanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuang
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Benxiang Qi
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bining Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
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10
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Casciano F, Zauli E, Busin M, Caruso L, AlMesfer S, Al-Swailem S, Zauli G, Yu AC. State of the Art of Pharmacological Activators of p53 in Ocular Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3593. [PMID: 37509256 PMCID: PMC10377487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of p53 in the regulation of a vast array of cellular functions has been the subject of extensive research. The biological activity of p53 is not strictly limited to cell cycle arrest but also includes the regulation of homeostasis, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. Thus, mutations in the p53 gene with loss of function represent one of the major mechanisms for cancer development. As expected, due to its key role, p53 is expressed throughout the human body including the eye. Specifically, altered p53 signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of conjunctival and corneal tumors, retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, and intraocular melanoma. As non-selective cancer chemotherapies as well as ionizing radiation can be associated with either poor efficacy or dose-limiting toxicities in the eye, reconstitution of the p53 signaling pathway currently represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. The present review discusses the role of p53 in the pathogenesis of these ocular tumors and outlines the various pharmacological activators of p53 that are currently under investigation for the treatment of ocular malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Busin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", 47122 Forlì, Italy
- Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saleh AlMesfer
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Al-Swailem
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angeli Christy Yu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", 47122 Forlì, Italy
- Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forlì, Italy
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11
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Jerele C, Lovrič D, Kuhelj D. Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology: Opportunities and Challenges. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040715. [PMID: 37189964 DOI: 10.3390/children10040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric interventional neuroradiology (PINR) is a relatively new field of diagnostic and therapeutic care in the pediatric population that has seen considerable advances in recent decades. However, it is still lagging behind adult interventional neuroradiology due to a variety of reasons, including the lack of evidence validating pediatric-specific procedures, the relative absence of pediatric-specific equipment, and the challenges in establishing and maintaining PINR competencies in a relatively small number of cases. Despite these challenges, the number and variety of PINR procedures are expanding for a variety of indications, including unique pediatric conditions, and are associated with reduced morbidity and psychological stigma. Continued technological advances, such as improved catheter and microwire designs and novel embolic agents, are also contributing to the growth of the field. This review aims to increase awareness of PINR and provide an overview of the current evidence base for minimally invasive neurological interventions in children. Important considerations, such as sedation, contrast agent use, and radiation protection, will also be discussed, taking into account the distinct characteristics of the pediatric population. The review highlights the usefulness and benefits of PINR and emphasizes the need for ongoing research and development to further advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Jerele
- Clinical Institute of Radiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrij Lovrič
- Clinical Institute of Radiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrij Kuhelj
- Clinical Institute of Radiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Kim SH, Choi TH, Lee YS, Kim YK, Jo DW, Kim BK, Choi HL, Lee NK. Rehabilitation of severe dentofacial deformity after early radiotherapy of retinoblastoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:103. [PMID: 36895030 PMCID: PMC9997022 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is an intraocular cancer of infancy and childhood, which has been treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Radiation on growing patients can cause deterioration in maxillofacial growth and development that leads to severe skeletal discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible, and dental problems such as crossbite, openbite, and hypodontia. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 19-year-old Korean man with chewing disability and dentofacial deformities. He had undergone enucleation of the right eye and radiation therapy of the left eye due to retinoblastoma 100 days after birth. Subsequently, he received cancer therapy for the secondary nasopharyngeal cancer at the age of 11 years. He was diagnosed with severe skeletal deformity including sagittal, transverse, and vertical growth deficiency of the maxilla and midface, and with class III malocclusion, severe anterior and posterior crossbite, posterior openbite, multiple missing upper incisors, right premolars, and second molars, and impaction of the lower right second molars. To restore impaired functions and esthetics of the jaw and dentition, the orthodontic treatment combined with two jaw surgery was performed. At the end of surgical orthodontics, dental implants were placed for prosthetic treatment of missing teeth. Additional plastic surgery for zygoma elevation was done with calvarial bone graft followed by fat graft. Facial esthetics and occlusal functions of patient were favorably enhanced with the improvement of skeletal discrepancy and the rehabilitation of maxillary dentition by prosthetic work. At the 2-year follow-up, the skeletal and dental relationships and implant prosthetics were well maintained. CONCLUSION In an adult patient with dentofacial deformities caused by early cancer therapy in the head and neck area, interdisciplinary interventions including additional plastic surgery of zygoma depression and prosthetic work of missing teeth as well as surgical-orthodontic treatment could establish favorable facial esthetics and oral rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Deuk-Won Jo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - He-Li Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Ki Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Habibi A, Zarei-Behjani Z, Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Ebrahimi F, Soleimani M, Nejabat M, Khosravi A, Moayedfard Z, Pakbaz S, Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Azarpira N. Extracellular vesicles as a new horizon in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases: A narrative review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097456. [PMID: 36969177 PMCID: PMC10033955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Their cargos contain a diverse variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in both normal physiology and pathology of the ocular system. Thus, studying extracellular vesicles may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and even potential treatments for various diseases. The roles of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory eye disorders have been widely investigated in recent years. The term "inflammatory eye diseases" refers to a variety of eye conditions such as inflammation-related diseases, degenerative conditions with remarkable inflammatory components, neuropathy, and tumors. This study presents an overview of extracellular vesicles' and exosomes' pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic values in inflammatory eye diseases, as well as existing and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Habibi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zarei-Behjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Sánchez-Cañal B, Bosch Canto V. Presence of cataract in patients treated for retinoblastoma at the national institute of pediatrics in Mexico (2011-2021). J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:216-222. [PMID: 36642598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study is to describe the presence of secondary cataract in patients with retinoblastoma treated at the National Institute of Pediatrics of Mexico (INP) over the past 10 years. METHODS This was a single center observational, retrospective and descriptive study. We included all eyes diagnosed with retinoblastoma and cataract between June 2011 and June 2021. RESULTS In total, 833 records of patients diagnosed with Retinoblastoma at the National Institute of Pediatrics during the period between June 2011 and June 2021 were reviewed. Out of all of them, only 14 developed cataract (1.6%). The median age at retinoblastoma diagnosis was 10.5 months (Rank: 6-13 months), and the median age at cataract diagnosis was 51.5 months (Rank: 25-73 months). The majority (13, 92.9%) of the patients had bilateral involvement. 42% of the eyes were Stage D according to the international classification of retinoblastoma. Cryotherapy was applied in 57.1%, intravitreal chemotherapy in 85.7%, radiation therapy in 42.6%, and only 7.1% of cases were treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The presence of cataract in patients with retinoblastoma is a rare but important entity impacting the development of vision in children and detection of intraocular tumors. These probably occur late as a result of the multiple treatments to which the children have been subjected, without being able to determine in this study which is the risk factor most associated with the development of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sánchez-Cañal
- Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, 04530 Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - V Bosch Canto
- Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, 04530 Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
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15
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He D, Huang X, Uppal K, Coleman AL, Walker DD, Ritz B, Jones DP, Heck JE. BIOMARKERS OF MATERNAL SMOKING AND THE RISK OF RETINOBLASTOMA IN OFFSPRING. Retina 2023; 43:481-489. [PMID: 36730579 PMCID: PMC9974849 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies examining the risk of retinoblastoma with maternal smoking were inconclusive, likely due in part to the reliance on self-reported maternal smoking. This study uses biomarkers of tobacco smoking in neonatal dried blood spots to investigate associations between maternal smoking and retinoblastoma in offspring. METHODS The authors randomly selected 498 retinoblastoma cases and 895 control subjects born between 1983 and 2011 from a population-based case-control study in California. Maternal pregnancy-related smoking was measured using the following three metrics: provider or self-reported smoking during pregnancy, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine in neonatal blood. The authors used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effects of maternal tobacco smoking on retinoblastoma. RESULTS Using all metrics (biomarkers or self-report), maternal smoking late in pregnancy or early postpartum was related to retinoblastoma (all types; odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-2.09). Relying on cotinine or hydroxycotinine to ascertain smoking, maternal smoking was related to unilateral retinoblastoma (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-2.57). CONCLUSION The results indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy may be a risk factor for retinoblastoma, particularly among unilateral cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne L Coleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas D Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas; and
- Center for Racial and Ethnic Equity in Health and Society, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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16
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Abdelazeem B, Abbas KS, Shehata J, El-Shahat NA, Eltaras MM, Qaddoumi I, Alfaar AS. Survival trends for patients with retinoblastoma between 2000 and 2018: What has changed? Cancer Med 2023; 12:6318-6324. [PMID: 36479934 PMCID: PMC10028055 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular cancer of childhood. Over the last few decades, a variety of techniques and treatment modalities emerged that improved the survival and ocular salvage rate of patients with RB. We investigated the relative survival trends of patients with RB from 2000 to 2018 by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. DESIGN Retrospective database review. METHODS We extracted data from SEER 18 from 2000 to 2018. All patients with clinically diagnosed RB during the study period were included. We utilized SEER*Stat 8.3.9 and JPSurv software to estimate relative 5- and 10-year survival rates and trends and generated descriptive analyses with IBM SPSS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient survival rates at 5- and 10-year after RB diagnosis. RESULTS RB was diagnosed in 1479 patients within the SEER 18 Program during our study period. The cohort comprised 776 (52.5%) males, 615 (41.6%) non-Hispanic whites, 487(32.9%) Hispanics, 1030 (69.6%) patients with unilateral disease, and 1087 (73.5%) patients with localized disease. Relative survival trends at 5- and 10-year significantly declined over the study periods (-0.42%, and -0.50% annually, respectively) but the decline was not significant in unilateral and bilateral RB cases separately. CONCLUSIONS Five- and ten-year relative survival trends declined from 2000 to 2018 and were significantly decreasing. Further studies that include more patients are needed to identify the factors contributing to reduced survival of patients with RB over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Abdelazeem
- McLaren Health Care, Flint/Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad Samir Alfaar
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Um, Ulm, Germany
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Smriti V, Baheti AD, Shah S, Qureshi SS, Shetty N, Gala K, Kulkarni S, Raut A, Kamble V, Chinnaswamy G, Prasad M, C. P B, Ramadwar M, Singh S, Shukla A, Panwala H, Sahu A, Siddharth L, Kapadia T. Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Pediatric Solid Tumors. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPaediatric extra-cranial solid tumours are one of the common causes for paediatric malignancies. Lack of appropriate imaging at presentation, staging and for follow-up is a major challenge for paediatric solid tumours. We have reviewed the paediatric solid tumour imaging protocols suggested by the major oncological societies/groups around the world (mainly the SIOP – Society International Pediatric Oncology, and the COG – Children's Oncology Group). We have adapted some of those protocols to develop imaging recommendations for the diagnosis, staging and management of extra-cranial solid tumours based on the treatment protocols followed in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Smriti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akshay D. Baheti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Shah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and molecular imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sajid S. Qureshi
- Division of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nanadan Shetty
- Department of Opthalmology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kunal Gala
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suyash Kulkarni
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Raut
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Veenita Kamble
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maya Prasad
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Badira C. P
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suryaveer Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Shukla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hirenkumar Panwala
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arpita Sahu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laskar Siddharth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejas Kapadia
- Children's X-ray Department/Academic Unit of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Awounou D, Lacour B, Desandes E, Guissou S, Cassoux N, Doz F, Dufour C, Minard-Colin V, Schleiermacher G, Taque S, Verschuur A, Clavel J, Goujon S. Seasonality of main childhood embryonal tumours and rhabdomyosarcoma, France, 2000-2015. Cancer Med 2023; 12:8789-8803. [PMID: 36726302 PMCID: PMC10134357 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the seasonal patterns of embryonal tumours. Based on data from the French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, the present study aimed to investigate seasonal variations in embryonal tumour incidence rates by month of birth and by month of diagnosis. The study included 6635 primary embryonal tumour cases diagnosed before the age of 15 years over the period 2000-2015 in mainland France. Assuming monthly variations in incidence rates were homogeneous over 2000-2015, we used a Poisson regression model to test for overall heterogeneity in standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) by month of birth or diagnosis. The seasonal scan statistic method was used to detect monthly excesses or deficits of embryonal tumour cases over the whole study period. The annual reproducibility of the observed monthly variations was formally tested. An overall heterogeneity in incidence rates by month of birth was observed for rhabdomyosarcoma in boys only. Based on the month of diagnosis, a seasonality was evidenced for unilateral retinoblastoma, with a lower incidence rate in the summer (SIRJul-Aug = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.87), whilst the incidence rate of rhabdomyosarcoma tended to be lower in August (SIRAug = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.89). No seasonality was detected for the other embryonal tumour groups by month of birth or month of diagnosis. This study is one of the largest to have investigated the seasonality of childhood embryonal tumours. The study showed a seasonal variation in the incidence rates by month of diagnosis for unilateral retinoblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Our findings are likely to reflect a delay in consultation during the summer months. However, the role of seasonally varying environmental exposures cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Awounou
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Lacour
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours (RNTSE), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Desandes
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours (RNTSE), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sandra Guissou
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours (RNTSE), CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,SIREDO Centre (Care, Innovation, Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Dufour
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Minard-Colin
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Inserm, UMR 1015, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- SIREDO Centre (Care, Innovation, Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Taque
- Department of Paediatrics, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Arnauld Verschuur
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Immunology and Oncology, Children Hospital of La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Haematological Malignancies (RNHE), Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Goujon
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Haematological Malignancies (RNHE), Villejuif, France
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19
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Bertacca I, Pegoraro F, Tondo A, Favre C. Targeted treatment of solid tumors in pediatric precision oncology. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1176790. [PMID: 37213274 PMCID: PMC10196192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1176790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of childhood solid cancer has markedly evolved in recent years following a refined molecular characterization and the introduction of novel targeted drugs. On one hand, larger sequencing studies have revealed a spectrum of mutations in pediatric tumors different from adults. On the other hand, specific mutations or immune dysregulated pathways have been targeted in preclinical and clinical studies, with heterogeneous results. Of note, the development of national platforms for tumor molecular profiling and, in less measure, for targeted treatment, has been essential in the process. However, many of the available molecules have been tested only in relapsed or refractory patients, and have proven poorly effective, at least in monotherapy. Our future approaches should certainly aim at improving the access to molecular characterization, to obtain a deeper picture of the distinctive phenotype of childhood cancer. In parallel, the implementation of access to novel drugs should not only be limited to basket or umbrella studies but also to larger, multi-drug international studies. In this paper we reviewed the molecular features and the main available therapeutic options in pediatric solid cancer, focusing on available targeted drugs and ongoing investigations, aiming at providing a useful tool to navigate the heterogeneity of this promising but complex field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertacca
- Paediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences , University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Pegoraro
- Paediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences , University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Paediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Paediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudio Favre,
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Cruz-Gálvez CC, Ordaz-Favila JC, Villar-Calvo VM, Cancino-Marentes ME, Bosch-Canto V. Retinoblastoma: Review and new insights. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963780. [PMID: 36408154 PMCID: PMC9670800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb), the most frequent malignant intraocular tumor in childhood, is caused by mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) situated on chromosome 13q14.2. The incidence of retinoblastoma is approximately 1 in 17,000 live births with approximately 8,000 new cases diagnosed each year worldwide. Rb is the prototypical hereditary cancer in humans. Autosomal dominant inheritance is seen in 30-40% of cases whereas the non-inherited sporadic type accounts for the remaining 60-70%. Rb arises due to inactivation of both alleles of the Rb tumor suppressor gene, which results in a defective Rb protein (pRB) with subsequent cell cycle impairment and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Patients with Rb have survival rates higher than 95-98% in industrialized countries but mortality remains high in developing countries. For example, the mortality rate in Africa is 70%. In all cases of intraocular and extraocular retinoblastoma, there is a need for new therapies that are more effective and carry less risk of toxicity. The Bruckner test is a practical and easy test for the detection of Rb, this test consists of assessing the fundus reflex through the pupil (red reflex) in both eyes simultaneously with a bright coaxial light produced with the direct ophthalmoscope. Rb can be detected by the Bruckner test showing a pupil that shines white or “Leukocoria”. Although the diagnosis of Rb remains essentially clinical, the newly identified biomarkers could contribute to early molecular detection, timely detection of micrometastases and establish new therapeutic options for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carolina Cruz-Gálvez
- Physiology Department, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Ordaz-Favila
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Vanessa Bosch-Canto
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bosch-Canto,
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Premalignant Conditions of Bone. JAAOS: GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2022; 6:01979360-202210000-00004. [PMID: 36227850 PMCID: PMC9575816 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-22-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of malignancy is a multifactorial process, and there are multitude of conditions of bone that may predispose patients to malignancy. Etiologies of malignancy include benign osseous conditions, genetic predisposition, and extrinsic conditions. New-onset pain or growth in a previously stable lesion is that should concern for malignant change and should prompt a diagnostic workup for malignancy.
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22
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Li HT, Xu L, Weisenberger DJ, Li M, Zhou W, Peng CC, Stachelek K, Cobrinik D, Liang G, Berry JL. Characterizing DNA methylation signatures of retinoblastoma using aqueous humor liquid biopsy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5523. [PMID: 36130950 PMCID: PMC9492718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a cancer that forms in the developing retina of babies and toddlers. The goal of therapy is to cure the tumor, save the eye and maximize vision. However, it is difficult to predict which eyes are likely to respond to therapy. Predictive molecular biomarkers are needed to guide prognosis and optimize treatment decisions. Direct tumor biopsy is not an option for this cancer; however, the aqueous humor (AH) is an alternate source of tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Here we show that DNA methylation profiling of the AH is a valid method to identify the methylation status of RB tumors. We identify 294 genes directly regulated by methylation that are implicated in p53 tumor suppressor (RB1, p53, p21, and p16) and oncogenic (E2F) pathways. Finally, we use AH to characterize molecular subtypes that can potentially be used to predict the likelihood of treatment success for retinoblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Vision Center & USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Daniel J Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Wanding Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Vision Center & USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Kevin Stachelek
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Vision Center & USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - David Cobrinik
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Vision Center & USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Jesse L Berry
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Vision Center & USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Ayón C, Castán D, Mora A, Naranjo D, Obando F, Mora JJ. Monoclonal Antibodies: A Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases of the Eye Posterior Segment. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i3.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is an organ that allows us to observe the outside world. Pathologies of the eye's posterior segment, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and retinoblastoma, cause vision loss. Traditional treatments consist of applying topical medications that do not penetrate properly or using high doses that generate adverse effects. Different laser surgeries stop the pathology's progression but do not allow visual improvement. So, an alternative is to use monoclonal antibodies, proteins produced by different processes that selectively bind to metabolites associated with diseases, reducing the adverse effects of traditional treatments and improving the application of the drug in the area. The two main molecular targets are TNF (adalimumab, infliximab, and certolizumab pegol) and VEGF (bevacizumab and ranibizumab); other possibilities are under investigation.
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Mendonça V, Pereira Sena P, Evangelista Dos Santos AC, Rodrigues Bonvicino C, Ashton-Prolla P, Epelman S, Ferman SE, Lapunzina P, Nevado J, Grigorovski N, Mattosinho C, Seuànez H, Regla Vargas F. Diverse mutational spectrum in the 13q14 chromosomal region in a Brazilian cohort of retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109211. [PMID: 35985532 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood tumor caused by the inactivation of both copies of the RB1 gene. Early diagnosis and identification of heritable RB1 mutation carriers can improve the disease outcome and management via genetic counseling. We used the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) method to analyze the RB1 gene and flanking regions in blood samples from 159 retinoblastoma patients previously negative for RB1 point mutations via Sanger sequencing. We detected a wide spectrum of germline chromosomal alterations, ranging from partial loss or duplication of RB1 to large deletions spanning RB1 and adjacent genes. Mutations were validated via karyotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), SNP-arrays (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-arrays) and/or quantitative relative real-time PCR. Patients with leukocoria as a presenting symptom showed reduced death rate (p = 0.013) and this sign occurred more frequently among carriers of two breakpoints within RB1 (p = 0.05). All unilateral cases presented both breakpoints outside of RB1 (p = 0.0075). Patients with one breakpoint within RB1 were diagnosed at earlier ages (p = 0.017). Our findings characterize the mutational spectrum of a Brazilian cohort of retinoblastoma patients and point to a possible relationship between the mutation breakpoint location and tumor outcome, contributing to a better prospect of the genotype/phenotype correlation and adding to the wide diversity of germline mutations involving RB1 and adjacent regions in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mendonça
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Pereira Sena
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sidnei Epelman
- Pediatric Oncology Service, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sima Esther Ferman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Division, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Hospital La Paz, Universidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Médica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), Madrid, Spain; ITHACA-European Reference Network, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- INGEMM, Hospital La Paz, Universidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Médica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), Madrid, Spain; ITHACA-European Reference Network, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia Grigorovski
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Division, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Mattosinho
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Division of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hector Seuànez
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Regla Vargas
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cui X, Ji X, Shao Y, Zhao P, Li X. The Optos 200Tx Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Application in Retinoblastoma Patients' Follow-Up. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5422360. [PMID: 35993040 PMCID: PMC9388307 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5422360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods A total of 1134 examinations with Optomap 200Tx were performed for 318 children who were clinically diagnosed with RB in the Ophthalmology Department of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, China, between July 2015 and July 2017, and achieved stable disease lasting for more than 6 months after combined treatment. The children received examinations every 1-12 months (mean 4 months), initially at 31 months to 15 years of age (mean 51 months), and were given a full eye examination under anesthesia (EUA) immediately if recurrent tumor, recurrent vitreous seeding (VS), or recurrent subretinal seeding (SRS) was detected, or in the next follow-up visit if no abnormality was detected, and early treatment was performed when the lesion was confirmed. Results Recurrence was detected in 4 children in the examination with Optomap 200Tx, including 2 cases of recurrent vitreous seeding (VS) and 2 cases of recurrent subretinal seeding (SRS), which were confirmed by EUA and well controlled after early treatment. Conclusion The use of Optomap 200Tx in the long-term following up of patients with RB reduces the number of eye examinations under general anesthesia (EUA), increases the time between EUAs, and protects children from exposure to the adverse effects of general anesthetics. Optomap 200Tx can detect recurrent tumor and recurrent seeding, allowing for early treatment which produces better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehao Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 300384, China
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 200092, Department of Ophthalmology, China
| | - Xunda Ji
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 200092, Department of Ophthalmology, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 300384, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 200092, Department of Ophthalmology, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 300384, China
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Exploring the Mechanism of Curcumin on Retinoblastoma Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2407462. [PMID: 35911143 PMCID: PMC9325604 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2407462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Curcumin shows great effects of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor metastasis, and inhibiting angiogenesis on a variety of tumors. However, the biological activity and possible mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of retinoblastoma have not been fully elucidated. This study explored the potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of curcumin against retinoblastoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The genes corresponding to curcumin targets were screened from the HERB, PharmMapper, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for the intersecting targets in the STRING database. Cytoscape 3.7.0 was used for network topology analysis and screening of important targets. R 4.1.0 software was used for Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of intersection targets. The molecular structures of curcumin and core target proteins were obtained from PubChem and PDB databases, and the two were preprocessed and molecularly docked using AutoDockTools and PyMOL software. Results Through network data mining, we obtained 504 curcumin targets and 966 retinoblastoma disease targets, and 44 potential targets for curcumin treatment of retinoblastoma were obtained by mapping. Three core targets were obtained from network topology analysis. 462 biological processes, 21 cellular compositions, and 34 molecular functions were obtained by GO enrichment analysis. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 94 signaling pathways, mainly involving chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, viral carcinogenesis, Th17 cell differentiation, etc. The molecular docking results indicated that the binding energy of curcumin to the core targets was less than 0 kJ mol-1, among which the binding energy of RB1 and CDKN2A to curcumin was less than -5 kJ mol-1 with significant binding activity. Conclusion Based on molecular docking technology and network pharmacology, we initially revealed that curcumin exerts its therapeutic effects on retinoblastoma with multitarget, multipathway, and multibiological functions, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent studies.
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Zeng C, Han M, Fan J, He X, Jia R, Li L, Wen X, Song X, Hou L. Anemia and Bone Marrow Suppression After Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy in Children With Retinoblastoma: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848877. [PMID: 35957866 PMCID: PMC9359439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a common ocular malignant tumor in children. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has been widely used in children with Rb and has achieved an ideal therapeutic effect. However, IAC has side effects, including anemia and bone marrow suppression, for which explicit evidence on the risk factors is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the covariates that may affect the occurrence of anemia and bone marrow suppression in children with Rb after IAC. Methods Children with Rb admitted between May 2019 and January 2021 were included into the study. The differences in the number of children with anemia and bone marrow suppression before and after IAC according to different covariates were recorded. All potential impact factors were included into the univariate and multivariate regression models to identify the related covariates of post-IAC anemia and bone marrow suppression. Results Data of 282 children with Rb were retrospectively collected. After IAC, children with Rb had increased severities of anemia (p <0.0001, chi-square test) and bone marrow suppression (p = 0.001, chi-square test). Moreover, the number of children with Rb who had an increased cross-level change in the severity of anemia and degree of bone marrow suppression was 80 (41.24%) and 64 (32.49%), respectively. The univariate regression analysis showed that numerous factors (such as pre-IAC intravenous chemotherapy, results of pre-IAC routine blood tests, and some serological indicators for liver and kidney function) affected the anemia severity and degree of bone marrow suppression in children with Rb after IAC. Additionally, the predictive model of the multivariate regression could predict anemia and bone marrow suppression. Conclusion Children with Rb may have an increased risk of anemia and bone marrow suppression after IAC, but this is temporary and can be influenced by several factors. Therefore, IAC should be maintained as the standard of care. We generated predictive equations for predicting anemia severity and degree of bone marrow suppression, which can guide the prediction and timely control of anemia and bone marrow suppression after IAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjuan Zeng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nursing, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
| | - Xuefei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Nursing, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
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hsa_circ_0084811 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Retinoblastoma through miR-18a-5p/miR-18b-5p/E2F5 Axis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6918396. [PMID: 35909488 PMCID: PMC9325647 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6918396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (RB) is the commonest primary intraocular malignancy during childhood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as regulators in RB development, and hsa_circ_E2F5 (circ_0084811 in this study) was found to be highly expressed in RB cells, so we wanted to identify its detailed molecular mechanism. Methods The expression level of circ_0084811 in RB cells was tested by RT-qPCR and its effects on RB cells were evaluated through functional assays. The regulatory mechanism that circ_0084811 may exert in RB progression was testified through mechanism experiments. Results High circ_0084811 expression in RB cells facilitated cell proliferation but inhibited cell apoptosis. The enrichment of acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) in circ_0084811 promoter induced circ_0084811 upregulation. Moreover, circ_0084811 regulated E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F5) expression via sponging microRNA-18a-5p (miR-18a-5p) and microRNA-18b-5p (miR-18b-5p). Conclusion circ_0084811 modulated RB progression via the miR-18a-5p/miR-18b-5p/E2F5 axis.
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Cui X, Liang T, Ji X, Shao Y, Zhao P, Li X. LINC00488 Induces Tumorigenicity in Retinoblastoma by Regulating microRNA-30a-5p/EPHB2 Axis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 31:506-514. [PMID: 35404750 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2037659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LINC00488 confers oncogenic activity in the progression of some tumors. Hence, the target of the study was about to specify LINC00488-mediated network in retinoblastoma (RB). METHODS LINC00488 expression was tested in RB clinical tissues. siRNA targeting LINC00488 or miR-30a-5p mimic was introduced into RB cell line (Y79) to observe cellular biological functions. The relationship between LINC00488, miR-30a-5p and EPHB2 was verified. Afterward, the role of miR-30a-5p involved in RB through targeted regulation of EPHB2 was probed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS LINC00488 was induced in RB tissue and cells. LINC00488 knockdown or miR-30a-5p upregulation depressed the malignant activities of Y79 cells. LINC00488 could sponge miR-30a-5p that targeted EPHB2. EPHB2, and EPHB2 overexpression counteracted miR-30a-5p restoration-induced inhibition of Y79 cell development in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION LINC00488 induces tumorigenicity in RB by binding to miR-30a-5p to target EPHB2, which may offer a new clue of RB treatment from an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceEye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Tingyi Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceEye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceEye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjing, China
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MicroRNA hsa-miR-657 promotes retinoblastoma malignancy by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:478-488. [PMID: 35324527 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a familial inherited embryonic neuroretinal malignancy with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction between microRNA miR-657 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) in retinoblastoma. Expression of miR-657 and PPARA was analyzed in retinoblastoma tissues and cells using RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were measured in retinoblastoma cell lines, and xenografting experiments were performed using nude mice. Our study showed that miR-657 expression was markedly increased, whereas that of PPARA was markedly decreased in retinoblastoma. Additionally, PPARA knockdown enhanced the development of retinoblastoma. miR-657 enhanced the retinoblastoma tumorigenesis by directly inhibiting PPARA expression, suggesting that PPARA targeting by miR-657 facilitates retinoblastoma development by enhancing cell growth. This study provides novel insights into the miR-657- and PPARA-mediated mechanisms underlying retinoblastoma progression and suggests that the interaction between miR-657 and PPARA may serve as an effective target for therapeutic intervention.
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Zhang H, Qiu X, Song Z, Lan L, Ren X, Ye B. CircCUL2 suppresses retinoblastoma cells by regulating miR-214-5p/E2F2 Axis. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e218-e227. [PMID: 34387590 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of circCUL2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of retinoblastoma cells by regulating the miR-214-5p/E2F2 axis. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expressions of circCUL2, miR-214-5p and E2F2 in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from retinoblastoma patients, and in normal human retinal epithelial cells ARPE-19 and human retinoblastoma cells Y79 and SO-Rb50. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed for the detection of RNA levels of circCUL2 and miR-214-5p and the mRNA and protein levels of E2F2, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay for cell proliferation ability, Transwell assay for cell invasion ability, and scratch assay for cell migration ability. Luciferase dual reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between circCUL2 and miR-214-5p, and between miR-214-5p and E2F2. CircCUL2 and E2F2 were lowly expressed, while miR-214-5p was highly expressed in retinoblastoma tumor tissues and cells. Transfection with pcDNA3.1-CUL2 or miR-214-5p inhibitor inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of Y79 and SO-Rb50 cells compared with the negative control; while transfection with sh-CUL2 or miR-214-5p mimics promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of Y79 and SO-Rb50 cells. CircCUL2 negatively regulated miR-214-5p, while miR-214-5p negatively regulated E2F2. Overexpression of miR-214-5p or silencing of E2F2 in SO-Rb50 cells partially reversed the inhibitory effect of circCUL2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of retinoblastoma cells. CircCUL2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of retinoblastoma cells by regulating the miR-214-5p/E2F2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - XinWen Qiu
- Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - ZhiJie Song
- Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - LiXia Lan
- Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Ren
- Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ye
- Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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De Francesco S, Galluzzi P, Bracco S, Di Maggio A, Sgheri A, Hadijstilianou T. Rescue intra-arterial chemotherapy in unilateral multirelapsed peripapillary retinoblastoma: Decision making and the role of MRI. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:NP208-NP211. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672120957586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In this case report we report our experience with rescue intra-arterial chemotherapy in a case of multi-relapsed peripapillary Retinoblastoma (RB) and the importance of high resolution MRI in detecting possible optic disc infiltration. Case report: In 2007, a 14 month-old caucasian girl was referred to our ocular oncology unit for leukocoria. Only left eye was interested, with a single mass of the posterior pole. Patient underwent six cycles of systemic chemotherapy and focal laser consolidation. Several relapses occurred during follow-up. Selective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) with Melphalan was performed and type IV remission was achieved. A new relapse occurred next to the optic disc. MRI was performed and we decided to try to save the globe with a rescue cycle of SIAC. Conclusion: MRI has demonstrated to be useful in decision making in RB, giving us a last chance to save the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia De Francesco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Retinoblastoma Referral Center, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Galluzzi
- NeuroImaging and NeuroInterventional Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Bracco
- Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Sgheri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Theodora Hadijstilianou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Retinoblastoma Referral Center, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Wang X, Su Y, Yin C. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) five prime to Xist (FTX) promotes retinoblastoma progression by regulating the microRNA-320a/with-no-lysine kinases 1 (WNK1) axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11622-11633. [PMID: 34720057 PMCID: PMC8809915 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1994718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) five prime to Xist (FTX) exerts important functions in human cancer, while its role in retinoblastoma (RB) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of FTX in RB. The expression levels of FTX were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The relationship among FTX, microRNA-320a (miR-320a) and with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) was also investigated. In the present study, we found that the expression levels of FTX were notably elevated in RB tissues and cancer cell lines. Overexpression of FTX exacerbated the aggressive phenotypes (cell proliferation, migration and invasion) of RB cells. Downregulation of miR-320a obviously attenuated the inhibitory effects of knockdown of FTX in RB malignant phenotypes, and knockdown of WNK1 also reversed the impacts of miR-320a inhibitor on malignant phenotypes. In vivo experiments further confirmed that knockdown of FTX efficiently prevents tumor growth in vivo. Our results revealed that FTX promoted RB progression by targeting the miR-320a/WNK1 axis (graphical abstract), suggesting that FTX might be a novel therapeutic target for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, PR. China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei City, PR. China
| | - Chuangao Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei City, PR. China
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Zhang Y, Zheng A. MiR-142-5p promotes retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting PTEN. J Biochem 2021; 170:195-202. [PMID: 34562091 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study intends to probe the functions of miR-142-5p in retinoblastoma (RB) and the relationship between miR-142-5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). In our study, miR-142-5p and PTEN mRNA expression in RB tissue, serum of RB patients and RB cell lines were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation, migration, invasion and cell apoptosis were measured using MTT assay, BrdU assay, Transwell experiments and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Binding sites between miR-142-5p and PTEN were predicted by the TargetScan database and were confirmed via qRT-PCR, western blot and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. It was demonstrated that miR-142-5p expression was elevated in RB tissue, serum of RB patients and RB cell lines. MiR-142-5p overexpression remarkably promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibited the apoptosis of WERI-RB-1 cells while miR-142-5p knockdown induced opposite effects in Y79 cells. MiR-142-5p decreased PTEN expression in both mRNA and protein expression levels, and PTEN was identified as a target gene of miR-142-5p. Cotransfection of PTEN overexpression plasmids reversed the influences of miR-142-5p on RB cells. In conclusion, miR-142-5p enhances proliferation, migration and invasion of RB cell by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, China
| | - Ailing Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Wenhua Road No. 1, Heze 274300, Shandong, China
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Martinez-Ávila MC, Carrasquilla R, Oyola A, Rodriguez J, Castro-Dager A, Almeida Pérez R, De la Rosa G, Orozco-Gómez F, Quintero-Consuegra M. Cardiorespiratory Events in Children During Chemoembolization of Ophthalmic Artery for Retinoblastoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e16630. [PMID: 34466315 PMCID: PMC8396419 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common eye neoplasm in childhood, accounting for 2.5% to 4% of all pediatric cancers. Recent approaches to treat RB include localized administration of chemotherapy, such as super-selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy. Although localized chemotherapy aims that minimize systemic side effects, some adverse cardio-respiratory reactions have been described as associated with this therapy. Our case report describes the cardiorespiratory severe events presented secondary to super-selective chemotherapy of the ophthalmic artery, to which we must be prepared to avoid fatal outcomes
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Oyola
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Neurodinamia, Cartagena, COL
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36
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Ho TH, Ho SW. A Young Boy With Lethargy After Shaking. J Acute Med 2021; 11:110-111. [PMID: 34595097 DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202109_11(3).0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Hwang Ho
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taichung Taiwan.,Chung Shan Medical University Department of Emergency Medicine Taichung Taiwan
| | - Sai-Wai Ho
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taichung Taiwan.,Chung Shan Medical University Department of Emergency Medicine Taichung Taiwan
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38
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Xie Y, Xu XL, Wei WB. The RB1 Mutation Spectrum and Genetic Management Consultation in Pediatric Patients with Retinoblastoma in Beijing, China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3453-3463. [PMID: 34456592 PMCID: PMC8387327 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s322373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study screened the structural mutations of the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene using gene capture and a preliminary exploration of the correlation between the genotypes and phenotypes. Methods A total of 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples and 12 peripheral venous blood samples from patients with retinoblastoma (RB) confirmed by pathological examination at Beijing Tongren Hospital were collected between May 2019 and May 2021. DNA from the samples was extracted, sequenced, and analyzed to detect the mutations in the RB1 gene by designing the targeted capture probes for exons and the flanking sequences of the gene. Results Of the 45 FFPE tissue samples, 23 were from male patients and 22 were from female patients, all aged between 4 months and 10 years, with an average age of 2.5 ± 1.3 years. Two of these patients had bilateral RB and 43 had unilateral RB (23 in the right eye and 20 in the left eye). Of the 12 peripheral venous blood samples, 7 were from male patients and 5 were from female patients, all aged between 8 months and 4 years, with an average age of 1.3 ± 0.9 years. Two of these patients had bilateral RB and 10 had unilateral RB (8 in the right eye and 2 in the left eye). Three de novo pathogenic mutations were found in the FFPE tissues, along with one de novo potentially pathogenic mutation, while three de novo potentially pathogenic mutations were found in the blood samples. Conclusion Gene capture is a low-cost and efficient method for the gene sequencing of RB. A total of seven de novo mutations were identified through mutation testing of the pathogenic gene RB1 in 56 pediatric patients with RB. This complemented the mutation spectrum of the RB1 gene and helped to improve the molecular diagnosis of RB, thereby providing a basis for genetic counseling and prediction of the clinical phenotype, as well as for the genetic testing of the offspring of patients with RB. Clinical Registration Number ChiCTR-EPC-17013892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Opthalmology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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39
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Jiménez I, Frouin É, Chicard M, Dehainault C, Le Gall J, Benoist C, Gauthier A, Lapouble E, Houdayer C, Radvanyi F, Bernard V, Brisse HJ, Gauthier-Villars M, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Baulande S, Cassoux N, Lumbroso L, Matet A, Aerts I, Renault V, Doz F, Golmard L, Delattre O, Schleiermacher G. Molecular diagnosis of retinoblastoma by circulating tumor DNA analysis. Eur J Cancer 2021; 154:277-287. [PMID: 34298378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a fraction of total cell-free DNA (cfDNA), might be of special interest in retinoblastoma patients. Because the accessibility to tumor tissue is very limited in these patients, either for histopathological diagnosis of suspicious intraocular masses (biopsies are proscribed) or for somatic RB1 studies and genetic counseling (due to current successful conservative approaches), we aim to validate the detection of ctDNA in plasma of non-hereditary retinoblastoma patients by molecular analysis of RB1 gene. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a cohort of 19 intraocular unilateral non-hereditary retinoblastoma patients for whom a plasma sample was available at diagnosis, we performed high-deep next-generation sequencing (NGS) of RB1 in cfDNA. Two different bioinformatics/statistics approaches were applied depending on whether the somatic RB1 status was available or not. RESULTS Median plasma sample volume was 600 μL [100-1000]; median cfDNA plasma concentration was 119 [38-1980] and 27 [11-653] ng/mL at diagnosis and after complete remission, respectively. In the subgroup of patients with known somatic RB1 alterations (n = 11), seven of nine somatic mutations were detected (median allele fraction: 6.7%). In patients without identified somatic RB1 alterations (n = 8), six candidate variants were identified for seven patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite small tumor size, blood-ocular barrier, poor ctDNA blood release and limited plasma sample volumes, we confirm that it is possible to detect ctDNA with high-deep NGS in plasma from patients with intraocular non-hereditary retinoblastoma. This may aid in diagnosis of suspicious cases, family genetic counseling or follow-up of residual intraocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez
- SiRIC RTOP « Recherche Translationelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique », Translational Research Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Éléonore Frouin
- Clinical Bioinformatics, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Chicard
- SiRIC RTOP « Recherche Translationelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique », Translational Research Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Jessica Le Gall
- Department of Genetics, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Camille Benoist
- Clinical Bioinformatics, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Gauthier
- Pathology Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eve Lapouble
- Somatic Genetics Unit, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- INSERM U1245, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Rouen, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Bernard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé J Brisse
- Imaging Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, PSL Research University, Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- SiRIC RTOP « Recherche Translationelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique », Translational Research Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Matet
- Ocular Oncology Service, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Victor Renault
- Clinical Bioinformatics, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Department of Genetics, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- SiRIC RTOP « Recherche Translationelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique », Translational Research Department, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Pediatric tumors can be divided into hematologic malignancies, central nervous system tumors, and extracranial solid tumors of bone, soft tissue, or other organ systems. Molecular alterations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and familial cancer risk have been described in many pediatric solid tumors. In addition to providing a concise summary of clinically relevant molecular alterations in extracranial pediatric solid tumors, this review discusses conventional and next-generation sequencing-based molecular techniques, relevant tumor predisposition syndromes, and the increasing integration of molecular data into the practice of diagnostic pathology for children with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Slack
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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Zahiri M, Taghdisi SM, Abnous K, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Fabrication of versatile targeted lipopolymersomes for improved camptothecin efficacy against colon adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1309-1322. [PMID: 33970721 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1928631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid vesicular systems (lipopolymersomes) are promising platforms for minimizing the liposomes and polymersomes disadvantages in terms of chemotherapeutic transportation. In this regard, lipopolymersome has been designed to integrate the advantage of both polymersomes and liposomes to enable better structural integrity of the bilayer after encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs while maintaining the soft nature of liposomes, superior serum stability, and high encapsulation efficiency of cargos in the bilayer segment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we reported preparation and characterization of five camptothecin (CPT)-loaded lipopolymersomal formulations composed of poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) at different molar ratios using film rehydration method. Afterward, the preferred formulation was tagged with AS1411 DNA aptamer in order to evaluate the therapeutic index using nucleolin-positive colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and C26). RESULTS The obtained data indicated that the prepared CPT-loaded lipopolymersome at a PEG-PLA: DPPC ratio of 75:25 exhibited superior stability and high loading capacity compared to other systems. Moreover, high cytotoxicity of the aptamer-targeted lipopolymersome and increased tumor accumulation were observed in comparison with non-targeted one. CONCLUSIONS The designed polymer-rich lipopolymersomal platform offers bright future for the development of potent nanomedicine against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zahiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rahaman MM, Islam R, Jewel GMNA, Hoque H. Implementation of computational approaches to explore the deleterious effects of non-synonymous SNPs on pRB protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7256-7273. [PMID: 33682629 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1896385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) is the first discovered tumor suppressor gene and recognized as the simple model system whose encoded defective protein can cause a pediatric cancer retinoblastoma. It functions as a negative regulator of the cell cycle through the interactions with members of the E2F transcription factors family. The protein of the RB1 gene (pRB) is engaged in various cell cycle processes including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and chromatin remodeling. Recent studies on Retinoblastoma also exhibited multiple sets of point mutation in the associated protein due to its large polymorphic information in the local database. In this study, we identified the list of disease associated non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in RB1 by incorporating different computational algorithms, web servers, modeling of the mutants and finally superimposing it. Out of 826 nsSNPs, W516G and W563G were predicted to be highly deleterious variants in the conserved regions and found to have an impact on protein structure and protein-protein interaction. Moreover, our study concludes the effect of W516G variant was more detrimental in destabilizing protein's nature as compared to W563G variant. We also found defective binding of pRB having W516G mutation with E2F2 protein. Findings of this study will aid in shortening of the expensive experimental cost of identifying disease associated SNPs in retinoblastoma for which specialized personalized treatment or therapy can be formulated.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mashiur Rahaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Rahatul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - G M Nurnabi Azad Jewel
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Hammadul Hoque
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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43
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Liu XM, Li XF, Li JC. MiR-146a functions as a potential tumor suppressor in retinoblastoma by negatively regulate neuro-oncological ventral antigen-1. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 37:286-293. [PMID: 33340248 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in many tumors and have been found to play crucial roles in cancer biology. Retinoblastoma is a rare tumor that develops rapidly from a malignant tumor of immature cells in the retina known as photoreceptor progenitors. Our study aimed to explore the role of miR-146a in the pathology of retinoblastoma. Potential target gene of miR-146a was predicted by Targetscan. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that miR-146a was downregulated and ventral nerve tumor antigen 1 (Neuro - oncological ventral antigen 1, NOVA1) was upregulated in retinoblastoma. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-146a directly target NOVA1. MiR-146a knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed and found that miR-146a could regulate the expression of NOVA1. The miR-146a knockdown and overexpression experiments were conducted to investigate the biological function of miR-146a. MiR-146a was found inhibited the viability, proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma cell by MTT, EdU, and transwell assays. Flow cytometry was performed for the apoptosis analysis and miR-146a increased the apoptosis of retinoblastoma cell was found. Above phenomenon can be rescued by overexpression of NOVA1. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-146a acts as a tumor suppressor and can act as a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Chang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu, China
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Zhang F, Tang H, Wang Y. Autophagy-related gene 7 deficiency caused by miR-154-5p overexpression suppresses the cell viability and tumorigenesis of retinoblastoma by increasing cell apoptosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1451. [PMID: 33313196 PMCID: PMC7723560 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina that accounts for 3% of all childhood cancers. The aim of this study was to illuminate the oncogenic role and potential molecular mechanisms of the microRNA miR-154-5p and autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) in retinoblastoma, and to establish a nude mouse model in order to explore new therapeutic horizons for the disease. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-154-5p and ATG7. The targeting relationship between miR-154-5p and ATG7 was analyzed by employing the luciferase reporter assay. MiR-154-5p mimic and pcDNA-ATG7 were transfected, either alone or in combination, into Y79 cells. The subsequent in vitro experiments involved four groups: the control group, miR-154-5p group, ATG7 group, and miR-154-5p + ATG7 group. Orthotopic xenograft models were established by injecting BALB/c athymic nude mice with treated and untreated Y79 cells. Results Y79 cells were transfected with miR-NC or miR-154-5p. Compared to those in the control group, the mRNA expression levels of miR-154-5p were increased in the miR-154-5p mimic group; in contrast, decreases were observed in the mRNA and protein expression levels of ATG7. Y79 cells were transfected with PcDNA or pcDNA-ATG7. The mRNA expression level of ATG7 was increased in pcDNA-ATG7 group. MiR-154-5p was found to have an element complementary to the three prime untranslated region of ATG7. Overexpression of miR-154-5p inhibited Y79 cells proliferation and migration, and promoted Y79 cells apoptosis via targeting of ATG7. In the in vivo experiment, the tumors of the miR-154-5p group of mice were significantly reduced in weight. Tumor growth and the protein levels of Survivin were both suppressed when miR-154-5p was overexpressed in vivo; however, cell apoptosis and the protein levels of p21 were promoted. In the miR-154-5p group, the expression levels of miR-154-5p were upregulated compared to those in the control group, but the ATG7 expression level was downregulated. Conclusions MiR-154-5p overexpression downregulated ATG7, which inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro, as well as tumor formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huairong Tang
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nair RM, Prabhu V, Manukonda R, Mishra DK, Kaliki S, Vemuganti GK. Overexpression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 in retinoblastoma. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320975973. [PMID: 33245030 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320975973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1), one of the prognostic markers for colonic and other tumours was noted to be overexpressed in retinoblastoma (Rb) Y79 cancer stem cells. This prompted us to evaluate its expression in primary Rb tumour and serum samples with clinicopathologic correlation. The interacting partner, c-MET was also evaluated in primary tumour tissues to explore the activation of MACC1 signaling. METHODOLOGY This study was done following institutional review board approval from participating institutes. Semiquantitative gene expression for MACC1 was evaluated using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and unfixed tumour samples from primary Rb cases (n = 44). Immunolocalization for MACC1 was assessed in primary Rb tumours (n = 22), bone marrow aspirates with metastasis (n = 3), and c-MET expression was also assessed in Rb tumours (n = 17). Serum MACC1 levels were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in samples collected from Rb patients undergoing enucleation (n = 31), Rb patients with proven clinical metastasis (n = 3), and compared to appropriate controls. Clinicopathologic correlation of MACC1 expression was analysed using the medical records with specific reference to histologic risk factors (HRF) for metastasis and differentiation. RESULTS High expression of MACC1 gene was noted in all the tumour samples (n = 44), more so in cases with versus without HRF (p < 0.0001). In cases with HRF, MACC1 and c-MET showed diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining whereas it was predominantly cytoplasmic in cases without HRF. Mean immunoreactivity score of MACC1 and c-MET tissue immunolocalization revealed that cases with HRF showed significantly higher expression compared to cases without HRF (p < 0.05). Unlike the findings in colonic tumours, serum levels of MACC1 were lower in patients compared to normal controls. CONCLUSION Overexpression of MACC1 and c-MET in retinoblastoma tissues, specifically those with risk factors for metastasis, suggests its role in proliferation and possibly in invasion. However, the current data do not support it to be a clinical prognostic marker in retinoblastoma tumours. The inverse serum expression is an intriguing finding, which warrants further studies especially in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini M Nair
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Varsha Prabhu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Radhika Manukonda
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Geeta K Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Song L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang D, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Duan C, Sun T, Zhang L, Yang X. Characteristics of Myelogram in Patients with Extraocular Metastatic Retinoblastoma and Morphological Analysis of Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Ophthalmologica 2020; 244:326-333. [PMID: 33045702 DOI: 10.1159/000512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignant tumor in infants and young children. However, reports on the morphological descriptions of RB tumor cells from native and foreign scholars are rare. OBJECTIVES To investigate the myelogram characteristics of RB with extraocular tumor extension and the morphological characteristics of tumor cells in the bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS For the period from May 2011 to February 2015, we analyzed clinical data on 18 patients in our hospital diagnosed as having metastatic RB in the extraocular and other distant regions associated with clear bone marrow metastasis. The morphology of tumor cells in the bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid was retrospectively analyzed after staining with Wright-Giemsa stain. A summary of the cytological characteristics was also presented. RESULTS RB tumor cells in the bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid not only appeared as aggregated clumps, but were distributed in a scattered manner. The tumor cells may present different characteristic morphologies in different cases, with different tumor cell smears from the same tumor mass even showing different features. According to the degree of tumor metastasis, changes in myelogram were significantly different. CONCLUSION The tumor cells of RB patients show unique morphological characteristics in the bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, correct identification of the cells is of great value in the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuijuan Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197055. [PMID: 32992741 PMCID: PMC7582726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, considered as cell debris or garbage bags, have been later characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular double-membrane lipid bilayer bio-vesicles secreted by the fusion of vesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The constituents and the rate of exosomes formation differ in different pathophysiological conditions. Exosomes are also observed and studied in different parts of the eye, like the retina, cornea, aqueous, and vitreous humor. Tear fluid consists of exosomes that are shown to regulate various cellular processes. The role of exosomes in eye cancers, especially retinoblastoma (RB), is not well explored, although few studies point towards their presence. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor that constitutes 3% of cases of cancer in children. Diagnosis of RB may require invasive procedures, which might lead to the spread of the disease to other parts. Due to this reason, better ways of diagnosis are being explored. Studies on the exosomes in RB tumors and serum might help designing better diagnostic approaches for RB. In this article, we reviewed studies on exosomes in the eye, with a special emphasis on RB. We also reviewed miRNAs expressed in RB tumor, serum, and cell lines and analyzed the targets of these miRNAs from the proteins identified in the RB tumor exosomes. hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-9, upregulated and downregulated, respectively in RB, have the maximum number of targets. Although oppositely regulated, they share the same targets in the proteins identified in RB tumor exosomes. Overall this review provides the up-to-date progress in the area of eye exosome research, with an emphasis on RB.
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Erdmann F, Frederiksen LE, Bonaventure A, Mader L, Hasle H, Robison LL, Winther JF. Childhood cancer: Survival, treatment modalities, late effects and improvements over time. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 71:101733. [PMID: 32461035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, paediatric oncologists have gradually become better organised in large study groups and participation in clinical trials is today considered as the standard of care, with most children with cancer in Europe and North America being enrolled on available treatment protocols. Chemotherapy is nowadays the main element of therapy, but irradiation is still required for some patients. With the advent of multimodality therapy and supportive care, five-year cancer survival exceeds 80 % in most European and North American countries today. The substantial improvements in survival led to a constantly growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Concerns regarding the risk of late effects of the intensive cancer treatment at a young age, together with increasing numbers of survivors, have directed attention towards survivorship research. Survivors of childhood cancer are at longstanding risk of various severe somatic and mental health conditions attributable to the cancer and its treatment, as well as adverse social and socioeconomic consequences, and diminished psychological well-being and quality of life. It is, however, important to stress that some survivors have no or very mild adverse health conditions. Nevertheless, joint efforts are warranted for the care and long-term follow-up of childhood cancer patients. With this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of improvements in survival and treatment modalities over time, as well as the related somatic and mental late effects, and social and socioeconomic difficulties that these children might encounter later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Erdmann
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Audrey Bonaventure
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Paris, UMR 1153 INSERM, France
| | - Luzius Mader
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, United States
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Denmark
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De Francesco S, Sgheri A, Di Maggio A, Rana F, Anna Maria P, Alessandra R, Hadjistilianou T. Bilateral retinoblastoma and osteogenesis imperfecta, a very rare association: Two cases. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:NP81-NP84. [PMID: 32314604 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120919344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This case report presents two patients affected by a very rare association of bilateral retinoblastoma and osteogenesis imperfecta. CASE REPORT Two Caucasian males with familial history and clinical signs of osteogenesis imperfecta came to our attention for bilateral leukocoria. The ocular fundus examination revealed bilateral retinoblastoma. Proper therapies were dispensed in order to achieve full regression. Genetic counseling was performed. DISCUSSION The primary role of genetics in retinoblastoma pathogenesis in widely known, and different genes have been identified. Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare connective tissue disorders, caused by mutated genes encoding for collagen. The single gene defect in osteogenesis imperfecta type VI is Serpin Family F Member 1 (SERPINF1), a neurotrophic factor for the neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells. The association of bilateral retinoblastoma and osteogenesis imperfecta could be the result of the mutation of a single gene playing a role in a hypothetical common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Sgheri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Rana
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pinto Anna Maria
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Renieri Alessandra
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Wang Y, Sun D, Sheng Y, Guo H, Meng F, Song T. XIST promotes cell proliferation and invasion by regulating miR-140-5p and SOX4 in retinoblastoma. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:49. [PMID: 32127028 PMCID: PMC7055023 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) has been reported to be associated with RB, but research on the mechanism of XIST is not well studied. Methods Expressions of XIST, microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p), and sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4 (SOX4) were analyzed by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Relationships of XIST, SOX4, and miR-140-5p were evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and Spearman’s analysis. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assay were performed to assess the function of XIST on RB cell proliferation and invasion. Results In RB tissues, XIST and SOX4 expressions were obviously increased, but the miR-140-5p expression was markedly reduced. XIST expression was positively related to SOX4 expression while negatively correlated with miR-140-5p expression, and negative correlation was exhibited between miR-140-5p and SOX4 expression in RB tissues. XIST was confirmed to directly bind to miR-140-5p, and SOX4 was one target of miR-140-5p. XIST knockdown could impede RB cell proliferation and invasion, while miR-140-5p inhibition reversed the effects. In addition, XIST overexpression or miR-140-5p inhibition could abrogate the inhibition of SOX4 silencing on cell proliferation and invasion of RB cells. Conclusions XIST was obviously increased in RB tissues and cells, and XIST inhibition repressed the proliferation and invasion of RB cells by miR-140-5p/SOX4 axis, which may provide new understandings of the XIST molecular mechanism in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Dahong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Ying Sheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Health Management Center, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Fanchun Meng
- Delivery Room, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Tingting Song
- No. 2 Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, 127 Siliu South Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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