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Zhao W, Wang L, Zhang M, Liu Z, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z, Lu C, Quan G. Photodynamic therapy for cancer: mechanisms, photosensitizers, nanocarriers, and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e603. [PMID: 38911063 PMCID: PMC11193138 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a temporally and spatially precisely controllable, noninvasive, and potentially highly efficient method of phototherapy. The three components of PDT primarily include photosensitizers, oxygen, and light. PDT employs specific wavelengths of light to active photosensitizers at the tumor site, generating reactive oxygen species that are fatal to tumor cells. Nevertheless, traditional photosensitizers have disadvantages such as poor water solubility, severe oxygen-dependency, and low targetability, and the light is difficult to penetrate the deep tumor tissue, which remains the toughest task in the application of PDT in the clinic. Here, we systematically summarize the development and the molecular mechanisms of photosensitizers, and the challenges of PDT in tumor management, highlighting the advantages of nanocarriers-based PDT against cancer. The development of third generation photosensitizers has opened up new horizons in PDT, and the cooperation between nanocarriers and PDT has attained satisfactory achievements. Finally, the clinical studies of PDT are discussed. Overall, we present an overview and our perspective of PDT in the field of tumor management, and we believe this work will provide a new insight into tumor-based PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guilan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Kurabayashi A, Fukuhara H, Furihata K, Iwashita W, Furihata M, Inoue K. Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2299. [PMID: 39001362 PMCID: PMC11240600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) possesses distinct molecular profiles that influence progression depending on its biological nature and delivered treatment intensity. Muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) demonstrate great intrinsic heterogeneity regarding different prognoses, survival, progression, and treatment outcomes. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the standard of care in treating NMIBC and serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes despite the prevalent recurrence and progression among many patients. In particular, flat urothelial carcinoma in situ and urothelial carcinoma with lamina propria invasion are the major precursors of MIBC. A new-generation photosensitizer, 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), demonstrates high tumor specificity by illuminating the tumor lesion with a specific wavelength of light to produce fluorescence and has been studied for photodynamic diagnosis to detect precise tumor areas by TURBT. Additionally, it has been applied for treatment by producing its cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, as well as screening for urological carcinomas by excreting porphyrin in the blood and urine. Moreover, 5-ALA may contribute to screening before and after TURBT in NMIBC. Here, we summarize the updated evidence and ongoing research on photodynamic technology for NMIBC, providing insight into the potential for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Waka Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
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Kochergin M, Fahmy O, Asimakopoulos A, Theil G, Zietz K, Bialek J, Tiberi E, Gakis G. Photodynamic Therapy: Current Trends and Potential Future Role in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:960. [PMID: 38256035 PMCID: PMC10816191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the world. The therapeutic spectrum of BC is broad and is constantly expanding. Despite the wide clinical use of photodynamic diagnosis (PTD) for BC, PDT has not been sufficiently investigated in the treatment landscape of BC. We performed an online search of the PubMed database using these keywords: photodynamic therapy, bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, in vivo, in vitro, cell line, animal model. Reviews, case reports, and articles devoted to photodynamic diagnostics and the photodynamic therapy of tumors other than urothelial carcinoma were excluded. Of a total of 695 publications, we selected 20 articles with clinical data, 34 articles on in vivo PDT, and 106 articles on in vitro data. The results presented in animal models highlight the potential use of PDT in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting to reduce local recurrence in the bladder and upper urinary tracts. Possible regimens include the combination of PDT with intravesical chemotherapy for improved local tumor control or the integration of vascular-targeted PDT in combination with modern systemic drugs in order to boost local response. We summarize available evidence on the preclinical and clinical application of PDT for urothelial carcinoma in order to explain the current trends and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kochergin
- Department of Urology and Neurourology, BG Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Omar Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | | | - Gerit Theil
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Kathleen Zietz
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Johanna Bialek
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Eugenio Tiberi
- Department of Urology and Neurourology, BG Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Georgios Gakis
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
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4
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Elbæk SK, Andreasen TG, Taber A, Young-Halvorsen K, Neijber A, Jensen JB, Dyrskjøt L. Immune Contexture Changes Following Blue Light Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate in Bladder Cancer. EUR UROL SUPPL 2023; 58:37-46. [PMID: 38152487 PMCID: PMC10751544 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a central component in the diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and can be guided by several optical imaging techniques for better visualization of lesions. Objective To investigate if a change in tumor microenvironment (TME) composition could be observed as an effect of hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-assisted blue light cystoscopy (BLC) in TURBT samples from patients with bladder cancer. Design setting and participants This was a retrospective study of 40 patients with bladder cancer who underwent either BLC-guided TURBT (n = 20) or white light cystoscopy (WLC)-guided TURBT (n = 20) before radical cystectomy (RC). Tissue samples (n = 80) were collected from paired TURBT and RC specimens for all 40 patients. Tumor tissue was stained using multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Immune cell infiltration was assessed according to the proportions of each immune cell or immune evasion marker and the relative change from TURBT as baseline was calculated. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the paired-sample Wilcoxon test. Results and limitations Comparison of relative changes in the TME revealed a significant decrease in stromal infiltration of cytotoxic T cells (p = 0.024), B cells (p = 0.041), and stromal cells expressing PD-1 (p = 0.011) in patients treated with BLC-guided TURBT compared to WLC-guided TURBT. Conclusions Our pilot study showed that HAL-BLC during TURBT in bladder cancer may influence the immune cell composition and TME. Patient summary We investigated the potential therapeutic effect of blue light versus white light for guidance in removing bladder tumors via the urethra in patients with bladder cancer. For blue light guidance, a compound called hexaminolevulinate is used to visualize tumor tissue. We found changes in immune cell composition that may have been influenced by the blue light guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Taber
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Neijber
- Global Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Photocure ASA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Li H, Long G, Tian J. Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1255632. [PMID: 37860180 PMCID: PMC10584312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1255632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), we conducted this systematic review to comprehensively assess its efficacy and safety. Methods A comprehensive literature research was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and studies reporting the safety and efficacy of PDT in NMIBC were included. Complete response (CR) rates, recurrence-free survival (RFS) at different time points, and complication incidences were extracted and synthesized. Pooled results were presented as rates with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Overall, 28 single arm studies were included in the meta-analysis. For unresectable NMIBC, therapeutic PDT achieved CR in 68% (95% CI: 59%-77%) of patients. Among these CR cases, 71% (95% CI: 56%-85%) and 38% (95% CI: 12%-64%) have a RFS longer than 12 and 24 months, respectively. For Tis patients, the CR rate was 68% (95% CI: 56%-80%), and 84% (95% CI: 48%-100%) and 13% (95% CI: 1%-32%) have a RFS longer than 12 and 24 months. For patients with resectable tumors, post-resection adjuvant PDT could provide a 12 and 24 months RFS in 81% (95% CI:76%-87%) and 56% (95% CI:41%-71%) of them. Especially, for NMIBC patients who failed BCG therapy, adjuvant PDT could still achieve a 1-year and 2-year RFS in 68% (95% CI:51%-86%) and 56% (95% CI:32%-81%) patients. The complications were mostly mild and transient, including lower urinary tract symptoms and photosensitivity. Conclusion Both therapeutic and adjuvant PDT present satisfying safety and efficacy for NMIBC, including these cases that are resistant to the standard of care. As a promising option for NMIBC, PDT deserves further exploration by future high-quality research. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-11-0043/, INPLASY2022110043.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Tian
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Pignatelli P, Umme S, D'Antonio DL, Piattelli A, Curia MC. Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108964. [PMID: 37240309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and several anticancer therapies take advantage of the ability of reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells. Added to this is the ancient hypothesis that light alone can be used to kill cancer cells. 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) is a therapeutic option for a variety of cutaneous and internal malignancies. PDT uses a photosensitizer that, activated by light in the presence of molecule oxygen, forms ROS, which are responsible for the apoptotic activity of the malignant tissues. 5-ALA is usually used as an endogenous pro-photosensitizer because it is converted to Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which enters into the process of heme synthesis and contextually becomes a photosensitizer, radiating a red fluorescent light. In cancer cells, the lack of the ferrochelatase enzyme leads to an accumulation of PpIX and consequently to an increased production of ROS. PDT has the benefit of being administered before or after chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, without impairing the efficacy of these treatment techniques. Furthermore, sensitivity to PDT is unaffected by the negative effects of chemotherapy or radiation. This review focuses on the studies done so far on 5-ALA-PDT and its efficacy in the treatment of various cancer pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, Viale Ionio, 74122 Taranto, Italy
| | - Samia Umme
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenica Lucia D'Antonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città Sant'Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Overchuk M, Weersink RA, Wilson BC, Zheng G. Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies: Synergy Opportunities for Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7979-8003. [PMID: 37129253 PMCID: PMC10173698 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumoricidal photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies harness light to eliminate cancer cells with spatiotemporal precision by either generating reactive oxygen species or increasing temperature. Great strides have been made in understanding biological effects of PDT and PTT at the cellular, vascular and tumor microenvironmental levels, as well as translating both modalities in the clinic. Emerging evidence suggests that PDT and PTT may synergize due to their different mechanisms of action, and their nonoverlapping toxicity profiles make such combination potentially efficacious. Moreover, PDT/PTT combinations have gained momentum in recent years due to the development of multimodal nanoplatforms that simultaneously incorporate photodynamically- and photothermally active agents. In this review, we discuss how combining PDT and PTT can address the limitations of each modality alone and enhance treatment safety and efficacy. We provide an overview of recent literature featuring dual PDT/PTT nanoparticles and analyze the strengths and limitations of various nanoparticle design strategies. We also detail how treatment sequence and dose may affect cellular states, tumor pathophysiology and drug delivery, ultimately shaping the treatment response. Lastly, we analyze common experimental design pitfalls that complicate preclinical assessment of PDT/PTT combinations and propose rational guidelines to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PDT/PTT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Overchuk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert A Weersink
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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Advanced techniques for performing photodynamic therapy in deep-seated tissues. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121875. [PMID: 36335717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising localized cancer treatment modality. It has been used successfully to treat a range of dermatological conditions with comparable efficacy to conventional treatments. However, some drawbacks limit the clinical utility of PDT in treating deep-seated tumors. Notably, the penetration limitation of UV and visible light, commonly applied to activate photosensitizers, makes PDT incompetent in treating deep-seated tumors. Development in light delivery technologies, especially fiber optics, led to improved clinical strategies for accessing deep tissues for irradiation. However, PDT efficacy issues remained partly due to light penetration limitations. In this review, we first summarized the current PDT applications for deep-seated tumor treatment. Then, the most recent progress in advanced techniques to overcome the light penetration limitation in PDT, including using functional nanomaterials that can either self-illuminate or be activated by near-infrared (NIR) light and X-rays as transducers, and implantable light delivery devices were discussed. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities of these technologies were discussed, which we hope may inspire the development of more effective techniques to enhance PDT efficacy against deep-seated tumors.
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Ivanova-Radkevich VI. Biochemical Basis of Selective Accumulation and Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers to Tumor Tissues. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1226-1242. [PMID: 36509715 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The method of photodynamic therapy for treatment of malignant neoplasms is based on the selective of accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor tissue. Insufficient selectivity of photosensitizers in relation to pathologically altered tissues and generalized distribution throughout the body leads to the development of severe toxic effects, including skin phototoxicity. The mechanisms underlying selectivity of photosensitizers for tumor tissue include selective binding to blood proteins and lipoproteins (considering that the number of receptors for those is increased on tumor cell membranes), uptake by macrophages, better solubility at low pH (acidic pH is characteristic of tumor cells), and other mechanisms. At present, increase in the efficiency of photodynamic therapy is largely associated with the additional targeting of photosensitizers to tumor tissues. Targeted delivery strategies are based on the differences in metabolism and gene expression profiles between the tumor and healthy cells. There are differences in expression of receptors, proteases, or transmembrane transporters in these cells. In particular, accelerated metabolism in many types of tumors leads to overexpression of receptors for epidermal growth factor, folic acid, transferrin, and a number of other compounds. This review considers biochemical basis for the selective accumulation of various classes of photosensitizers in tumors (chlorins, phthalocyanines, 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives, etc.) and discusses various strategies of targeted delivery with emphasis on conjugation of photosensitizers with the receptor ligands overexpressed in tumor cells.
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Emerging photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies for urological cancers: progress and challenges. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:437. [PMID: 36195918 PMCID: PMC9531473 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) that developed from PDT, have been studied for decades to treat solid tumors. Compared with other deep tumors, the accessibility of urological tumors (e.g., bladder tumor and prostate tumor) makes them more suitable for PDT/SDT that requires exogenous stimulation. Due to the introduction of nanobiotechnology, emerging photo/sonosensitizers modified with different functional components and improved physicochemical properties have many outstanding advantages in cancer treatment compared with traditional photo/sonosensitizers, such as alleviating hypoxia to improve quantum yield, passive/active tumor targeting to increase drug accumulation, and combination with other therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy) to achieve synergistic therapy. As WST11 (TOOKAD® soluble) is currently clinically approved for the treatment of prostate cancer, emerging photo/sonosensitizers have great potential for clinical translation, which requires multidisciplinary participation and extensive clinical trials. Herein, the latest research advances of newly developed photo/sonosensitizers for the treatment of urological cancers, and the efficacy, as well as potential biological effects, are highlighted. In addition, the clinical status of PDT/SDT for urological cancers is presented, and the optimization of the photo/sonosensitizer development procedure for clinical translation is discussed.
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11
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FECH Expression Correlates with the Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8943643. [PMID: 36059798 PMCID: PMC9436586 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8943643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is, by far, the most prevalent and fatal kind of kidney cancer. Ferrochelatase (FECH) is an enzyme that performs a significant function in the onset and progression of many distinct kinds of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, its predictive usefulness in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) has not yet been fully investigated. Methods FECH expression in ccRCC and healthy adjoining tissues was primarily screened utilizing data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and subsequently validated using data from an independent cohort derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Human Protein Atlas HPA databases. The relationship among FECH expression, clinicopathological parameters, and overall survival (OS) was assessed utilizing multivariate analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Additionally, the protein networks with FECH interaction were constructed with the aid of the online Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). Gene ontology (GO) analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted based on TCGA data, and a single-sample GSEA was utilized to explore the link between FECH expression and the infiltration status of immune cells in the tumor. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and TIMER databases were utilized to investigate the relationships of FECH expression with the infiltrating immune cells and the matching gene marker sets. Results FECH expression was shown to be substantially lowered in ccRCC tumors as opposed to that observed in normal tissues (p < 0.05). Lower levels of FECH expression were shown to have a strong association with higher grades of cancer and more advanced TNM stages. The findings of multivariate and univariate analyses illustrated that the OS in patients with ccRCC with low FECH expression is shorter in contrast with that in the high FECH expression group (p < 0.05). It was discovered that CPOX and frataxin are key proteins that interact with FECH. ccRCC with FECH deficiency was linked to the lack of infiltrating immune cells and their respective marker sets, which included CD4+ T cells. Conclusion In ccRCC, decreased FECH expression was linked to disease progression, unfavorable prognosis, and impaired immune cell infiltration.
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12
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Hu X, Li G, Wu S. Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy for Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133181. [PMID: 35804953 PMCID: PMC9265007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The clinical management of bladder cancer has been developing in the past decade, including diagnostic tools and treatment options. Both monotherapy and combination therapy have been undoubtedly upgraded. Multiple diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies have been developed to meet the urgent clinical needs, resulting in the emergence of various explorations for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we mainly focus on the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common and expensive urinary system malignancies for its high recurrence and progression rate. In recent years, immense amounts of studies have been carried out to bring a more comprehensive cognition and numerous promising clinic approaches for BCa therapy. The development of innovative enhanced cystoscopy techniques (optical techniques, imaging systems) and tumor biomarkers-based non-invasive urine screening (DNA methylation-based urine test) would dramatically improve the accuracy of tumor detection, reducing the risk of recurrence and progression of BCa. Moreover, intravesical instillation and systemic therapeutic strategies (cocktail therapy, immunotherapy, vaccine therapy, targeted therapy) also provide plentiful measures to break the predicament of BCa. Several exploratory clinical studies, including novel surgical approaches, pharmaceutical compositions, and bladder preservation techniques, emerged continually, which are supposed to be promising candidates for BCa clinical treatment. Here, recent advances and prospects of diagnosis, intravesical or systemic treatment, and novel drug delivery systems for BCa therapy are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Hu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (X.H.); (G.L.)
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (X.H.); (G.L.)
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (X.H.); (G.L.)
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Li X, Zhao C, Kou H, Zhu F, Yang Y, Lu Y. PDD-guided tumor excision combined with photodynamic therapy in patients with extramammary Paget's disease. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102841. [PMID: 35367614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has been a technique that plays a pivotal role in visualizing tumor size during the assessment of surgery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a developing treatment method apart from surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy and is approved for several types of tumors and nonmalignant diseases. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the efficiency and safety of PDD-guided tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT in patients with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). METHODS In our study, 7 cases of EMPD were treated with PDD-guided tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT. After removal of the tumor detected by PDD, each tumor region was irradiated with 177 J/cm2 using a 635-nm laser for 15 min. Two to four ALA-PDT cycles were applied during and after surgery. EMPD was confirmed by biopsy. RESULTS PDD may forecast tumor margins in EMPD to guide surgery, and PDT has an inhibitory effect on tumor growth. There was no local recurrence in the follow-up of 2.9 years (range, 0.8-5 years). Only one patient experienced distant recurrence under the armpit. The patients with EMPD were able to complete the treatment protocol, with good results and no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated an effective protocol using PDD for diagnosis and PDT for multiple therapies, showing potential as an alternative clinical treatment for EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Huiling Kou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Fengjun Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yunchuan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yuangang Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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14
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Yaqoob MD, Xu L, Li C, Leong MML, Xu DD. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102830. [PMID: 35341979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a health-related concern globally from the ancient times till to date. The application of light to be used as therapeutic potential/agent has been used for several thousands of years. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, non-invasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of various infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mitochondria are subcellular, double-membrane organelles that have the role in cancer and anticancer therapy. Mitochondria play a key role in regulation of apoptosis and these organelles produce most of the cell's energy which enhance its targeting objective. The role of mitochondria in anticancer approach is achieved by targeting its metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and apoptotic and ROS homeostasis. The role of mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies in photodynamic therapy have proven to be more effective than other similar non-targeting techniques. Particularly in PDT, mitochondria-targeting sensitizers are important as they have a crucial role in overcoming the hypoxia factor, resulting in high efficacy. IR-730 and IR-Pyr are the indocyine derivatives photosensitizers that play a crucial role in targeting mitochondria because of their better photostability during laser irradiation. Clinical and pre-clinical trials are going on this approach to target different solid tumors using mitochondrial targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Danish Yaqoob
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Dongying District, Dongying, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Dan Dan Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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15
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Photodynamic therapy for precancer diseases and cervical cancer (review of literature). BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2021-10-4-59-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the results of literature data analysis on the main directions of precancerous diseases of the cervix uteri and cervical cancer treatment. Side effects following surgery or radiation treatment can lead to structural deformities, scarring, hyperpigmentation, systemic side effects, and destruction of normal tissue. In addition, the use of traditional methods of treatment can cause multidrug resistance, which will lead to ineffective treatment and the development of a relapse of the disease. To avoid toxicity and reduce side effects, alternative treatment strategies have been proposed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising organ-preserving highly selective method for treating cervical neoplasia, which includes two stages: the introduction of a photosensitizer and local exposure to directed light radiation. A number of studies have demonstrated the high clinical efficacy of this method in the treatment of patients with cervical neoplasia and carriage of human papillomavirus infection without adverse consequences for fertility. The use of PDT contributes to the successful outcome of the treatment of pathological foci on the mucous membrane of the cervix, the effectiveness and safety of the method is ensured by the selective effect on tissues. In the course of treatment, normal surrounding tissues are not damaged, there is no gross scarring and stenosis of the cervical canal, thereby PDT allows maintaining the normal anatomical and functional characteristics of the cervix.
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16
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Study of energy transfer processes between rare earth ions and photosensitizer molecules for photodynamic therapy with IR-excitation. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2021-10-4-23-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, photodynamic therapy is one of the most promising minimally invasive methods of treatment of various diseases, including cancer. The main limitation of this method is the insufficient penetration into the tissue of laser radiation used to activate photosensitizer molecules, which makes it difficult to carry out therapy in the treatment of large or deep-seated tumors. In this regard, there is a great interest in the development of new strategies for photodynamic therapy using infrared radiation for excitation, the wavelengths of which fall into the “transparency window” of biological tissues. In this work, it was proposed to use upconversion NaGdF4 :Yb:Er nanoparticles (UCNP), which absorb infrared excitation and serve as a donor that transfers energy to the photosensitizer. Photosens and phthalosens were chosen as the most promising photosensitizers for the study. The aim of this work was to study the energy transfer processes between upconversion nanoparticles doped with rare-earth ions and photosensitizer molecules. in order to excite photosensitizers with IR radiation and carry out photodynamic therapy of deep-seated neoplasms. Using spectroscopic and time-resolved methods, it has been demonstrated that there is an efficient energy transfer between upconversion particles and photosensitizers phthalosens and photosens. The calculated efficiency of energy transfer by the Foerster mechanism was 41% for the UCNP + photosens system and 69% for the UCNP + phthalosens system. It has been experimentally and theoretically proved that there is a binding of photosensitizer molecules with UCNP by means of surfactants, leading to a reduction in the distance between them, due to which effective nonradiative energy transfer is realized. The generation of singlet oxygen by the phthalosens photosensitizer upon excitation by means of energy transfer from UCNP, excited at 980 nm wavelength of, has been demonstrated.
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17
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Kubrak T, Karakuła M, Czop M, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Advances in Management of Bladder Cancer-The Role of Photodynamic Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030731. [PMID: 35163996 PMCID: PMC8838614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and modern form of therapy. It is used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases and more and more often in the treatment of various types of neoplasms in various locations including bladder cancer. The PDT method consists of local or systemic application of a photosensitizer, i.e., a photosensitive compound that accumulates in pathological tissue. Light of appropriate wavelength is absorbed by the photosensitizer molecules, which in turn transfers energy to oxygen or initiates radical processes that leads to selective destruction of diseased cells. The technique enables the selective destruction of malignant cells, as the photocytotoxicity reactions induced by the photosensitizer take place strictly within the pathological tissue. PDT is known to be well tolerated in a clinical setting in patients. In cited papers herein no new safety issues were identified. The development of anti-cancer PDT therapies has greatly accelerated over the last decade. There was no evidence of increased or cumulative toxic effects with each PDT treatment. Many modifications have been made to enhance the effects. Clinically, bladder cancer remains one of the deadliest urological diseases of the urinary system. The subject of this review is the anti-cancer use of PDT, its benefits and possible modifications that may lead to more effective treatments for bladder cancer. Bladder cancer, if localized, would seem to be a good candidate for PDT therapy since this does not involve the toxicity of systemic chemotherapy and can spare normal tissues from damage if properly carried out. It is clear that PDT deserves more investment in clinical research, especially for plant-based photosensitizers. Natural PS isolated from plants and other biological sources can be considered a green approach to PDT in cancer therapy. Currently, PDT is widely used in the treatment of skin cancer, but numerous studies show the advantages of related therapeutic strategies that can help eliminate various types of cancer, including bladder cancer. PDT for bladder cancer in which photosensitizer is locally activated and generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and causing cell death, is a modern treatment. Moreover, PDT is an innovative technique in oncologic urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Karakuła
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
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18
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Eilender BM, Katims AB, Pfail JL, Sfakianos J. Evolving Treatment in Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Urol Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89891-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Kustov AV, Smirnova NL, Privalov OA, Moryganova TM, Strelnikov AI, Morshnev PK, Koifman OI, Lyubimtsev AV, Kustova TV, Berezin DB. Transurethral Resection of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors Combined with Fluorescence Diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e 6-Type Photosensitizers. J Clin Med 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 35011974 PMCID: PMC8745686 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease with a high recurrence rate. In order to improve the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection (TURB) followed by fluorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin e6 photosensitizers (PSs), viz. "Fotoran e6" and "Fotoditazin". It was found that both PSs generated singlet oxygen and revealed moderate affinity toward the lipid-like compartment. Between November 2018 and October 2020, 12 patients with verified non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were treated by TURB combined with FD and PDT. Eight patients received "Fotoran e6" intravenously, while four patients received intravesical PSs. The patient ages were between 31 and 79 years, with a median age of 64.5 years (mean 61.3 ± 14.2). The total light dose was 150 J/cm2 for the local irradiation of the tumor bed with a red light at the λ = 660 nm wavelength, and 10-25 J/cm2 were additionally delivered for diffuse irradiation of the entire bladder mucosa. At the median follow-up period of 24 months (mean 24.5 ± 5.4 months, range 16-35 months), 11 patients remained tumor-free. One 79-year-old patient developed a recurrence without progression to the muscle layer. This pilot study shows that the TURB + FD + PDT technique is an effective and safe option for the first-line treatment of superficial bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kustov
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Nataliya L. Smirnova
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Oleg A. Privalov
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Tatyana M. Moryganova
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Urology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Strelnikov
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Urology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Philipp K. Morshnev
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Alex V. Lyubimtsev
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Tatyana V. Kustova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Dmitry B. Berezin
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
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20
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Curcumin combined with photodynamic therapy, promising therapies for the treatment of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112567. [PMID: 34953392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a phytochemical derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has a broad group of substances with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer activities. The anticancer activity of curcumin and its derivatives are mainly related to its regulation of signal transduction pathways. However, due to the low oral availability of curcumin, fast metabolism and other pharmacokinetic properties limit the application of curcumin in the treatment of cancer. Evidence suggests that curcumin combined with photodynamic therapy can overcome the limitation of curcumin's low bioavailability by acting on apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and caspase family, and affecting cell cycle. This paper reviews the structure and pharmacokinetics of curcumin, focusing on the anticancer activity of curcumin combined with photodynamic therapy and the effects on cancer-related signal pathways.
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21
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Han Z, Tu X, Qiao L, Sun Y, Li Z, Sun X, Wu Z. Phototherapy and multimodal imaging of cancers based on perfluorocarbon nanomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6751-6769. [PMID: 34346475 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00554e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), possesses unique characteristics of non-invasiveness and minimal side effects in cancer treatment, compared with conventional therapies. However, the ubiquitous tumor hypoxia microenvironments could severely reduce the efficacy of oxygen-consuming phototherapies. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanomaterials have shown great practical value in carrying and transporting oxygen, which makes them promising agents to overcome tumor hypoxia and extend reactive oxygen species (ROS) lifetime to improve the efficacy of phototherapy. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in PFC-based PDT and PTT, and combined multimodal imaging technologies in various cancer types, aiming to facilitate their application-oriented clinical translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Han
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, China.
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22
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Sturaro G, Tasso A, Menilli L, Di Liddo R, Miolo G, Conconi MT. 4,6,4'-Trimethylangelicin Photoactivated by Blue Light Might Represent an Interesting Option for Photochemotherapy of Non-Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: An In Vitro Study on T24 Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020158. [PMID: 33504020 PMCID: PMC7911445 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is frequently used to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer due its low toxicity and high selectivity. Since recurrence often occurs, alternative approaches and/or designs of combined therapies to improve PDT effectiveness are needed. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 4,6,4′-trimethylangelicin (TMA) photoactivated by blue light (BL) on human bladder cancer T24 cells and investigate the mechanisms underlying its biological effects. TMA/BL exerted antiproliferative activity through the induction of apoptosis without genotoxicity, as demonstrated by the expression levels of phospho-H2AX, an indicator of DNA double-stranded breaks. It also modulated the Wnt canonical signal pathway by increasing the phospho-β-catenin and decreasing the nuclear levels of β-catenin. The inhibition of this pathway was due to the modulation of the GSK3β phosphorylation state (Tyr 216) that induces a proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. Indeed, a partial recovery of nuclear β-catenin expression and reduction of its phosphorylated form after treatment with LiCl were detected. As demonstrated by RT-PCR and cytofluorimetric analysis, TMA/BL also decreased the expression of CD44v6, a marker of cancer stem cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TMA photoactivated by BL may represent an interesting option for the photochemotherapy of noninvasive bladder carcinomas, since this treatment is able to inhibit key pathways for tumour growth and progression in the absence of genotoxic effects.
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Chelakkot VS, Liu K, Yoshioka E, Saha S, Xu D, Licursi M, Dorward A, Hirasawa K. MEK reduces cancer-specific PpIX accumulation through the RSK-ABCB1 and HIF-1α-FECH axes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22124. [PMID: 33335181 PMCID: PMC7747616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic diagnosis (5-ALA-PDD) and photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) is dependent on 5-ALA-induced cancer-specific accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). We previously reported that inhibition of oncogenic Ras/MEK increases PpIX accumulation in cancer cells by reducing PpIX efflux through ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) and ferrochelatase (FECH)-catalysed PpIX conversion to haem. Here, we sought to identify the downstream pathways of Ras/MEK involved in the regulation of PpIX accumulation via ABCB1 and FECH. First, we demonstrated that Ras/MEK activation reduced PpIX accumulation in RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells and HRAS transgenic mice. Knockdown of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) 2, 3, or 4 increased PpIX accumulation in RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Further, treatment with an RSK inhibitor reduced ABCB1 expression and increased PpIX accumulation. Moreover, HIF-1α expression was reduced when RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells were treated with a MEK inhibitor, demonstrating that HIF-1α is a downstream element of MEK. HIF-1α inhibition decreased FECH activity and increased PpIX accumulation. Finally, we demonstrated the involvement of RSKs and HIF-1α in the regulation of PpIX accumulation in human cancer cell lines. These results demonstrate that the RSK-ABCB1 and HIF-1α-FECH axes are the downstream pathways of Ras/MEK involved in the regulation of PpIX accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ema Yoshioka
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Shaykat Saha
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Danyang Xu
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Maria Licursi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ann Dorward
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kensuke Hirasawa
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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24
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Oliveira P, Lopes T, Tedesco A, Rahal P, Calmon M. Effect of berberine associated with photodynamic therapy in cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Alsaab HO, Alghamdi MS, Alotaibi AS, Alzhrani R, Alwuthaynani F, Althobaiti YS, Almalki AH, Sau S, Iyer AK. Progress in Clinical Trials of Photodynamic Therapy for Solid Tumors and the Role of Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2793. [PMID: 33003374 PMCID: PMC7601252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research to find effective anticancer treatments is being performed on photodynamic therapy (PDT) with increasing attention. PDT is a very promising therapeutic way to combine a photosensitive drug with visible light to manage different intense malignancies. PDT has several benefits, including better safety and lower toxicity in the treatment of malignant tumors over traditional cancer therapy. This reasonably simple approach utilizes three integral elements: a photosensitizer (PS), a source of light, and oxygen. Upon light irradiation of a particular wavelength, the PS generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), beginning a cascade of cellular death transformations. The positive therapeutic impact of PDT may be limited because several factors of this therapy include low solubilities of PSs, restricting their effective administration, blood circulation, and poor tumor specificity. Therefore, utilizing nanocarrier systems that modulate PS pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) is a promising approach to bypassing these challenges. In the present paper, we review the latest clinical studies and preclinical in vivo studies on the use of PDT and progress made in the use of nanotherapeutics as delivery tools for PSs to improve their cancer cellular uptake and their toxic properties and, therefore, the therapeutic impact of PDT. We also discuss the effects that photoimmunotherapy (PIT) might have on solid tumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha S. Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Albatool S. Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al Haweiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Rami Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah Alwuthaynani
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al Haweiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48021, USA; (S.S.); (A.K.I.)
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48021, USA; (S.S.); (A.K.I.)
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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The current situation of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy in bladder cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:657-674. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lilge L, Roufaiel M, Lazic S, Kaspler P, Munegowda MA, Nitz M, Bassan J, Mandel A. Evaluation of a Ruthenium coordination complex as photosensitizer for PDT of bladder cancer: Cellular response, tissue selectivity and in vivo response. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Savo Lazic
- Theralase Technologies Inc. Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Mark Nitz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jay Bassan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Brewster RC, Suitor JT, Bennett AW, Wallace S. Transition Metal‐Free Reduction of Activated Alkenes Using a Living Microorganism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Brewster
- Institute for Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Edinburgh, King's Buildings Alexander Crum Brown Road Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - Jack T. Suitor
- Institute for Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Edinburgh, King's Buildings Alexander Crum Brown Road Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - Adam W. Bennett
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building David Brewster Road, King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Stephen Wallace
- Institute for Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Edinburgh, King's Buildings Alexander Crum Brown Road Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
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Brewster RC, Suitor JT, Bennett AW, Wallace S. Transition Metal-Free Reduction of Activated Alkenes Using a Living Microorganism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12409-12414. [PMID: 31286626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms can be programmed to perform chemical synthesis via metabolic engineering. However, despite an increasing interest in the use of de novo metabolic pathways and designer whole-cells for small molecule synthesis, the inherent synthetic capabilities of native microorganisms remain underexplored. Herein, we report the use of unmodified E. coli BL21(DE3) cells for the reduction of keto-acrylic compounds and apply this whole-cell biotransformation to the synthesis of aminolevulinic acid from a lignin-derived feedstock. The reduction reaction is rapid, chemo-, and enantioselective, occurs under mild conditions (37 °C, aqueous media), and requires no toxic transition metals or external reductants. This study demonstrates the remarkable promiscuity of central metabolism in bacterial cells and how these processes can be leveraged for synthetic chemistry without the need for genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Brewster
- Institute for Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Jack T Suitor
- Institute for Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Adam W Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stephen Wallace
- Institute for Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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31
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The Antitumor Effect of Curcumin in Urothelial Cancer Cells Is Enhanced by Light Exposure In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6374940. [PMID: 30984278 PMCID: PMC6432698 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6374940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural compound curcumin exerts antitumor properties in vitro, but its clinical application is limited due to low bioavailability. Light exposure in skin and skin cancer cells has been shown to improve curcumin bioavailability; thus, the object of this investigation was to determine whether light exposure might also enhance curcumin efficacy in bladder cancer cell lines. RT112, UMUC3, and TCCSUP cells were preincubated with low curcumin concentrations (0.1-0.4 μg/ml) and then exposed to 1.65 J/cm2 visible light for 5 min. Cell growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell cycle regulating proteins along with acetylation of histone H3 and H4 were investigated. Though curcumin alone did not alter cell proliferation or apoptosis, tumor cell growth and proliferation were strongly blocked when curcumin was combined with visible light. Curcumin-light caused the bladder cancer cells to become arrested in different cell phases: G0/G1 for RT112, G2/M for TCCSUP, and G2/M- and S-phase for UMUC3. Proteins of the Cdk-cyclin axis were diminished in RT112 after application of 0.1 and 0.4 μg/ml curcumin. Cell cycling proteins were upregulated in TCCSUP and UMUC3 in the presence of 0.1 μg/ml curcumin-light but were partially downregulated with 0.4 μg/ml curcumin. 0.4 μg/ml (but not 0.1 μg/ml) curcumin-light also evoked late apoptosis in TCCSUP and UMUC3 cells. H3 and H4 acetylation was found in UMUC3 cells treated with 0.4 μg/ml curcumin alone or with 0.1 μg/ml curcumin-light, pointing to an epigenetic mechanism. Light exposure enhanced the antitumor potential of curcumin on bladder cancer cells but by different molecular action modes in the different cell lines. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether intravesical curcumin application, combined with visible light, might become an innovative tool in combating bladder cancer.
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Zhuo Z, Song Z, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Xu G, Chen G. Chlorophyllin e6‑mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2181-2193. [PMID: 30816498 PMCID: PMC6412394 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) frequently relapse following surgery due to incomplete resection and chemoresistance, highlighting the importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies that mechanistically assist in eradicating the residual tumor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of chlorophyllin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy (e6-PDT) and its potential mechanisms by using monolayer cells or multicellular tumor spheroid models of human bladder cancer cells (T24 and 5637). The results revealed that e6-PDT exhibited significant cytotoxicity in the T24 and 5637 cells of these two models as detected by the Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salts-1 and CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability assays, respectively. Cell migration and invasion capacities decreased markedly following e6-PDT. In addition, the cells following e6-PDT exhibited typical morphological changes of apoptosis as detected by fluorescence microscopy with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and transmission electron microscopy. A greater number of apoptotic cells were observed post-e6-PDT by flow cytometry. The expression levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein were decreased, while cleaved PARP was increased, significantly following e6-PDT as determined by western blotting. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased, significantly in e6-PDT-treated cells. Thus, the novel e6-PDT exhibits prominent photo-cytotoxicity effect and the induction of apoptosis was probably due to the inhibition of SOD activity and the generation of ROS. These results indicate that chlorophyllin e6 is an effective photosensitizer and that e6-PDT may have a therapeutic application for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Inhibiting ABCG2 could potentially enhance the efficacy of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in spheroidal cell models of colorectal cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:221-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Railkar R, Agarwal PK. Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer: Past Challenges and Current Innovations. Eur Urol Focus 2018; 4:509-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Crijnen J, De Reijke TM. Emerging intravesical drugs for the treatment of non muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:135-147. [PMID: 29730950 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1474201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BC) is a severe health burden: and has high recurrence and progression rates. Standard treatment starts with TURB followed by intravesical chemotherapy with Mitomycin C or immunotherapy with BCG. However, successful management still remains a challenge, because approximately 30% of patients have recurrence or progression within 5 years, and treatment has considerable side effects. Anticipating on the upcoming BCG shortage emphasizes, moreover, the necessity to develop and study novel treatments. This review explores emerging and novel salvage treatments as well as approaches of current treatments with decrease side-effects for non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide an overview of the novel and emerging therapies for NMIBC. They also provide the currently available data and ongoing trials. Expert opinion: Key findings in the field of research on emerging intravesical drugs for the treatment of NMIBC are the promising results for device assisted treatments, treatment with intravesical immunotherapy, and treatments to expedite the immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors. Other novel therapies are still in an experimental stage and have to make the transition towards the clinical setting to determine the benefit in terms of reduced side-effects, recurrence and progression rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Crijnen
- a Department of Urology , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Theo M De Reijke
- a Department of Urology , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Barut B, Demirbaş Ü, Özel A, Kantekin H. Novel water soluble morpholine substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine: Synthesis, characterization, DNA/BSA binding, DNA photocleavage and topoisomerase I inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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Kang Z, Ding W, Gong X, Liu Q, Du G, Chen J. Recent advances in production of 5-aminolevulinic acid using biological strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:200. [PMID: 29038905 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds and has broad applications in the medical and agricultural fields. Because of the disadvantages of chemical synthesis methods, microbial production of 5-ALA has drawn intensive attention and has been regarded as an alternative in the last years, especially with the rapid development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. In this mini-review, recent advances on the application and microbial production of 5-ALA using novel biological approaches (such as whole-cell enzymatic-transformation, metabolic pathway engineering and cell-free process) are described and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and prospects of synthetic biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenwen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
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