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Serrage HJ, O’ Neill CA, Uzunbajakava NE. Illuminating microflora: shedding light on the potential of blue light to modulate the cutaneous microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1307374. [PMID: 38660491 PMCID: PMC11039841 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1307374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous diseases (such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, alopecia and chronic wounds) rank as the fourth most prevalent human disease, affecting nearly one-third of the world's population. Skin diseases contribute to significant non-fatal disability globally, impacting individuals, partners, and society at large. Recent evidence suggests that specific microbes colonising our skin and its appendages are often overrepresented in disease. Therefore, manipulating interactions of the microbiome in a non-invasive and safe way presents an attractive approach for management of skin and hair follicle conditions. Due to its proven anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects, blue light (380 - 495nm) has received considerable attention as a possible 'magic bullet' for management of skin dysbiosis. As humans, we have evolved under the influence of sun exposure, which comprise a significant portion of blue light. A growing body of evidence indicates that our resident skin microbiome possesses the ability to detect and respond to blue light through expression of chromophores. This can modulate physiological responses, ranging from cytotoxicity to proliferation. In this review we first present evidence of the diverse blue light-sensitive chromophores expressed by members of the skin microbiome. Subsequently, we discuss how blue light may impact the dialog between the host and its skin microbiome in prevalent skin and hair follicle conditions. Finally, we examine the constraints of this non-invasive treatment strategy and outline prospective avenues for further research. Collectively, these findings present a comprehensive body of evidence regarding the potential utility of blue light as a restorative tool for managing prevalent skin conditions. Furthermore, they underscore the critical unmet need for a whole systems approach to comprehend the ramifications of blue light on both host and microbial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Serrage
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. O’ Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Papayan GV, Podoplekina ND, Glagoleva EN, Petrishchev NN, Galagudza MM. Autofluorescence spectroscopy in photodynamic therapy for skin rejuvenation: A theranostic approach in aesthetic medicine. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103948. [PMID: 38145773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The method of photodynamic therapy for skin rejuvenation (PDT-SR) provides an improvement in appearance with a safe and painless effect. The quality of treatment is most often assessed subjectively. The most informative morphological control methods are rarely used due to the invasiveness of the sampling procedure. AIM This study aimed to find out the possibility of using skin autofluorescence spectroscopy (SAF) for an objective assessment of changes occurring in the skin during PDT-SR. METHODS This study included 12 volunteers (10 women, 2 men) aged 32 to 79 years. Two (n = 6) or three (n = 6) PDT sessions were performed at intervals of 13-30 days. Photosensitizer chlorin e6, exposure 20 min, energy density 18-24 J/cm2 were used. SAF spectra were recorded using a two-wavelength fiber optic spectrometer under excitation at wavelengths (λex) of 365 nm and 440 nm. Measurements were made both before and after each PDT session and up to 25-238 days from the start of treatment. For the evaluation, we used the spectra AF365(λ) and AF440(λ) averaged over 40 points corrected for diffuse reflection at λex=440 nm in the range λem= 460-700 nm, as well as the spectra of the ratios AFN365(λ) and AFN440(λ), which were obtained by dividing the intensities of the current spectra by the intensities collected before PDT-SR. RESULTS PDT-SR led to changes in both the intensity and shape of the spectra. Analysis of the spectra using numerical fitting of the spectra showed that the main changes can be explained by changes in the content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as well as lipofuscin-like lipopigments (LPs) and porphyrins (PPs). The spectra of AGEs upon excitation at wavelengths of 365 and 440 nm differ, which may be due to the formation of two types of bonds, with collagen and elastin. By the end of the study, the vast majority of the examined volunteers showed a significant decrease of the parameters characterizing both of these types of AGEs, AGE365 (0.56-1.2) and AGE440 (0.58-1.01), relative to the beginning of the study. In most cases, a decrease was also noted for LPs and PPs. AGE365 and AGE440 were positively correlated with the age of the volunteers (r2 = 0.26-0.46 %). A steady decrease in the content of AGEs occurred approximately on the 40th day. CONCLUSION SAF spectroscopy makes it possible to assess changes in the content of AGEs, LPs, and PPs in the skin during PDT-SR. The method has great potential for non-invasive monitoring of the treatment process, as well as its improvement, including through its personalization. In addition, the method can be used to study the mechanisms of age-related skin changes at the molecular level and to study the processes of rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry V Papayan
- Laser Medicine Centre, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya D Podoplekina
- Laser Medicine Centre, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; Aesthetic Medical Clinic "Come Mode Medical", Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina N Glagoleva
- Laser Medicine Centre, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; Aesthetic Medical Clinic "Come Mode Medical", Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay N Petrishchev
- Laser Medicine Centre, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael M Galagudza
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation; Department of Pathophysiology with Clinical Pathophysiology Course, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Pietkiewicz P, Navarrete-Dechent C, Togawa Y, Szlązak P, Salwowska N, Marghoob AA, Leszczyńska-Pietkiewicz A, Errichetti E. Applications of Ultraviolet and Sub-ultraviolet Dermatoscopy in Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Dermatoses: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:361-390. [PMID: 38358617 PMCID: PMC10890990 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive and cost-efficient imaging technique augmenting clinical examination in neoplastic and non-neoplastic dermatoses. Recently, novel dermatoscopic techniques based on principles of reflectance/absorption and excited fluorescence have been developed. However, comprehensive data on their applications are sparse, and terminology is inconsistent. In this systematic review, we addressed the principles of ultraviolet (UV) imaging and proposed categorization based on spectral characteristics and signal acquisition, as well as discussed documented and potential clinical applications, safety measures during examination, and limitations associated with reflectance and fluorescence dermatoscopy. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed medical database until 2 December 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines, and 28 papers fit the scope of this review, whereas additional relevant articles were included to provide broader context regarding the chosen terminology, chromophores described, safety of sub-UV/UV, and regulations for light-emitting devices. UV and sub-UV dermatoscopy, categorized into different methods on the basis of the emitted wavelength and signal acquisition process (reflectance versus fluorescence), augment conventional dermatoscopy by optimizing safety margins in melanoma, facilitating early detection of tumor recurrence, and enhancing visualization in non-neoplastic conditions, including pigmentation disorders, intertrigo, papulo-desquamative dermatoses, and beyond. The review highlights the limitations of these techniques, including difficulty in differentiating melanin from hemoglobin, challenges in evaluating uneven surfaces, and artifacts. Although UV dermatoscopy complements conventional dermatoscopy, clinicians should be aware of their peculiarities, artifacts, limitations, and safety concerns to optimize their diagnostic accuracy and ensure patient's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Zwierzyniecka Medical Center, Zwierzyniecka 30/28, 60-814, Poznań, Poland.
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaei Togawa
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Piotr Szlązak
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
- Dermedica, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Enzo Errichetti
- Institute of Dermatology, "Santa Maria Della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy
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Pietkiewicz P, Navarrete-Dechent C, Mayisoğlu H, Jolly G, Kutlu Ö, Errichetti E. Pink-Red Fluorescence Observed in Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Dermoscopy of Psoriatic Plaques. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:e2023243. [PMID: 37557137 PMCID: PMC10412022 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1303a243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Dermatology Private Practice, Poznań, Poland
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herman Mayisoğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Private Medicana Hospitals Bahçelievler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ömer Kutlu
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Enzo Errichetti
- Institute of Dermatology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
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Xie Y, Zheng Y, Yuan M, Zhang Z, Yang C, Li J. Specific features of psoriasis vulgaris under the ultraviolet dermoscopy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103100. [PMID: 36055625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Xie
- Dermatology Department, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mengyi Yuan
- Dermatology Department, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Dermatology Department, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chuyan Yang
- Dermatology Department, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- Dermatology Department, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China.
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Yang G, Li G, Du X, Zhou W, Zou X, Liu Y, Lv H, Li Z. Down-regulation of IGHG1 enhances Protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibits hemin biosynthesis in colorectal cancer by suppressing the MEK-FECH axis. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:930-936. [PMID: 34553073 PMCID: PMC8422984 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin γ-1 heavy chain constant region (IGHG1) is a functional isoform of immunoglobulins and plays an important role in the cytolytic activity of immune effector cells. Dysregulated IGHG1 was implicated in the occurrence and development of various tumors. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is an endogenous fluorophore and is used in photodynamic therapy, which induces the generation of reactive oxygen species to initiate the death of tumor cells. However, the roles of IGHG1 in the colorectal cancer cell proliferation and PpIX accumulation have not been reported yet. Data from qRT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that IGHG1 was up-regulated in the colorectal cancer cells. Colorectal cancer cells were then transfected with shRNA targeting IGHG1 to down-regulate IGHG1 and conducted with Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and colony formation assays. Results demonstrated that shRNA-mediated down-regulation of IGHG1 decreased cell viability of colorectal cancer and suppressed cell proliferation. Moreover, PpIX accumulation was promoted and the hemin content was decreased by the silence of IGHG1. Interference of IGHG1 reduced the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and ferrochelatase (FECH) expression, resulting in retarded cell proliferation in an MEK-FECH axis-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Anorectal, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, No. 201, Group 3, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Xiaohong Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Yuanfu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Research and Development, Sichuan Haosidelifu Science and Technology Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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