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Ma S, Weng M, Yang T, Ge L, Yang K. Triterpenes and Pheophorbides from Camellia ptilosperma and Their Cytotoxicity, Photocytotoxicity, and Photodynamic Antibacterial Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7058. [PMID: 37894536 PMCID: PMC10609551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Camellia ptilosperma S. Y. Liang et Q. D. Chen led to the isolation of ten undescribed compounds, including six new triterpenes (1-6) and four new pheophorbide-related compounds (7-10). Meanwhile, the cytotoxic activity of the six triterpenes against six cancer cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Compound 2 showed potent cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 2.57 μM. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231 cells, with IC50 values of 11.31 and 5.52 μM, respectively. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of four new pheophorbides against these cancer cells was evaluated both in the presence and absence of light treatment. Compound 7 exhibited exceptional photocytotoxicity against Hela, MCF-7, and A549 cells, with IC50 values of 0.43 μM, 0.28 μM, and 0.92 μM, respectively. Compound 10 demonstrated significant photodynamic cytotoxic activity against BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 0.77 μM and 0.33 μM, respectively. The photodynamic antibacterial activity of 7-10 was also tested for S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa under direct illumination. Compounds 8 and 10 exhibited sensitivity to E. coli and demonstrated a photodynamic antibacterial effect, with a MIC value of 0.625 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Mengling Weng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Guangxi Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve Management Center, Fangchenggang 538021, China
| | - Li Ge
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kedi Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Kocaağa N, Türkkol A, Bilgin MD, Erdoğmuş A. The synthesis of novel water-soluble zinc (II) phthalocyanine based photosensitizers and exploring of photodynamic therapy activities on the PC3 cancer cell line. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2037-2053. [PMID: 37166570 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Schiff base substituted phthalocyanine complexes (Zn1c, Zn2c) and their quaternized derivatives (Q-Zn1c, Q-Zn2c) were synthesized for the first time. Their structures have been characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis as well as. The photophysicochemical properties (fluorescence, singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yield) of these novel complexes were investigated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for both non-ionic and quaternized cationic phthalocyanine complexes and in aqueous solution for quaternized cationic phthalocyanine complexes. Water soluble cationic phthalocyanine compounds gave good singlet oxygen quantum yield (0.65 for Q-Zn1c, 0.66 for Q-Zn2c in DMSO; 0.65 for Q-Zn2c in aqueous solution). The binding of Q-Zn1c and Q-Zn2c to BSA/DNA was studied by using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and these. Studies indicate that the mechanism of BSA quenching by quaternized zinc(II) phthalocyanines was static quenching. Quaternized zinc(II) phthalocyanines interacted with ct-DNA by intercalation. Quaternized zinc(II) phthalocyanines caused a decrease in cell viability and triggered apoptotic cell death after PDT was applied at a concentration that did not have a toxic effect on their own. Q-Zn1c and Q-Zn2c mediated PDT reduced the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH while increased MDA level in the prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, expression of apoptotic proteins after PDT was examined. The results revealed that the synthesized water soluble quaternized zinc(II) phthalocyanine complexes (Q-Zn1c and Q-Zn2c) are promising potential photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Kocaağa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34210, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Türkkol
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09010, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dinçer Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09010, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34210, Turkey.
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Günsel A, Mutlu N, Yaşa Atmaca G, Günsel H, Bilgiçli AT, Erdoğmuş A, Nilüfer Yarasir M. Novel Graphene Oxide/Zinc Phthalocyanine Composites Bearing 3‐Chloro‐4‐Fluorophenoxy: Potential Usage for Sono/Photochemical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Atmaca GY, Elmalı FT, Erdoğmuş A. Improved singlet oxygen generation of axially ruthenium(II) complex substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine by sono-photochemical studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: A Review of Combined Energy Sources. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243995. [PMID: 36552759 PMCID: PMC9776440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in recent years as a non-invasive treatment for cancer, due to the side effects of traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This therapeutic technique requires a photosensitizer, light energy, and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which mediate cellular toxicity. PDT is a useful non-invasive therapy for cancer treatment, but it has some limitations that need to be overcome, such as low-light-penetration depths, non-targeting photosensitizers, and tumor hypoxia. This review focuses on the latest innovative strategies based on the synergistic use of other energy sources, such as non-visible radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum (microwaves, infrared, and X-rays), ultrasound, and electric/magnetic fields, to overcome PDT limitations and enhance the therapeutic effect of PDT. The main principles, mechanisms, and crucial elements of PDT are also addressed.
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Ünlü S, Elmalı FT, Atmaca GY, Erdoğmuş A. Synthesis of axially Schiff base new substituted silicon phthalocyanines and investigation of photochemical and sono-photochemical properties. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103192. [PMID: 36336321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sono-photodynamic therapy, which show a very high therapeutic effect compared to photodynamic therapy, is a newer method for anticancer treatments. However, unlike Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the number of studies measuring the efficiency of singlet oxygen for the Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) method is quite insufficient in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesis novel axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines containing imine groups with improved photochemical properties and then reported the efficiency of singlet oxygen by both of photochemical and sono-photochemical studies. According to the results, the substituent group increased the singlet oxygen yield of silicon (IV) phthalocyanine dichloride and the sono-photochemical effect increased the singlet oxygen yields (ΦΔ=0.35 for 2a, 0.69 for 2b in photochemical study, 0.78 for 2a, 0.97 for 2b in sono-photochemical study).This article may pave the way to achieve high singlet oxygen efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ünlü
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Tuncel Elmalı
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34210, Turkey.
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
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Tong Q, Xu J, Wu A, Zhang C, Yang A, Zhang S, Lin H, Lu W. Pheophorbide A-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Potentiates Checkpoint Blockade Therapy of Tumor with Low PD-L1 Expression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112513. [PMID: 36432703 PMCID: PMC9697200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has made a great success in cancer immunotherapy, the overall response rate to the ICB, such as anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy, remains only at 20-30%. One major reason is the low expression level of the immune checkpoint in a certain type of tumor cells and its insufficient activation of the host immune system. Herein, we reported a cyclic RGD (cRGD)-modified liposomal delivery system loading the anti-PD-L1 antibody and the photosensitizer pheophorbide A (Pa), allowing a targeting of the low PD-L1 expressing 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells through the recognition of an overexpression of αvβ3 integrin on the tumor cells. The Pa-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) elevated the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cells. PDT, in combination with the anti-PD-L1 therapy, promoted the activation and maturation of dendritic cells as well as the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, resulting in the augmented antitumor immune response for the enhanced therapeutic effect. These results demonstrated the combined therapeutic effects of PDT and ICB on the tumor with low PD-L1 levels. Our study suggested that an increase in the PD-L1 expression in tumor cells by PDT would be a promising adjuvant treatment to overcome the ICB irresponsiveness.
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Comparison of singlet oxygen production of ethyl vanillin substituted silicon phthalocyanine using sonophotodynamic and photodynamic methods. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Emerging photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies for urological cancers: progress and challenges. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:437. [PMID: 36195918 PMCID: PMC9531473 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) that developed from PDT, have been studied for decades to treat solid tumors. Compared with other deep tumors, the accessibility of urological tumors (e.g., bladder tumor and prostate tumor) makes them more suitable for PDT/SDT that requires exogenous stimulation. Due to the introduction of nanobiotechnology, emerging photo/sonosensitizers modified with different functional components and improved physicochemical properties have many outstanding advantages in cancer treatment compared with traditional photo/sonosensitizers, such as alleviating hypoxia to improve quantum yield, passive/active tumor targeting to increase drug accumulation, and combination with other therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy) to achieve synergistic therapy. As WST11 (TOOKAD® soluble) is currently clinically approved for the treatment of prostate cancer, emerging photo/sonosensitizers have great potential for clinical translation, which requires multidisciplinary participation and extensive clinical trials. Herein, the latest research advances of newly developed photo/sonosensitizers for the treatment of urological cancers, and the efficacy, as well as potential biological effects, are highlighted. In addition, the clinical status of PDT/SDT for urological cancers is presented, and the optimization of the photo/sonosensitizer development procedure for clinical translation is discussed.
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Wysocki M, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Ziental D, Michalak M, Güzel E, Sobotta L. Excited state and reactive oxygen species against cancer and pathogens: a review on sonodynamic and sono-photodynamic therapy. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200185. [PMID: 35507015 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy are therapies having great potential in the treatment of bacterial infections and cancer. Their background is associated with photo- and sonosensitizers - substances that can be excited when exposed to light or ultrasound. These sensitizers belong to a variety of compounds groups, including porphyrins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines. Releasing the energy when returning to the ground state can occur in the manner of transferring it to oxygen molecules, leading to reactive oxygen species able to disrupt membranes of bacterial and cancer cells, leaving the organism's cells unaffected. In recent years, the number of reports on numerous sensitizers being effective has been constantly growing. Therefore, the development of this field may prove beneficial for dealing with cancer and microbes. This review describes the development of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, as well as their combination, with emphasize on sonodynamic therapy and its potential in the treatment of cancer and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysocki
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy: Uniwersytet Medyczny im Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu Wydzial Farmaceutyczny, Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, POLAND
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy: Uniwersytet Medyczny im Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu Wydzial Farmaceutyczny, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, POLAND
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy: Uniwersytet Medyczny im Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu Wydzial Farmaceutyczny, Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, POLAND
| | - Maciej Michalak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy: Uniwersytet Medyczny im Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu Wydzial Farmaceutyczny, Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, POLAND
| | - Emre Güzel
- Sakarya Uygulamali Bilimler Universitesi, Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, TURKEY
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Uniwersytet Medyczny imienia Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Grunwaldzka 6, 60780, Poznan, POLAND
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Güzel E, Atmaca GY, Kuznetsov AE, Turkkol A, Bilgin MD, Erdoğmuş A. Ultrasound versus Light: Exploring Photophysicochemical and Sonochemical Properties of Phthalocyanine-Based Therapeutics, Theoretical Study, and In Vitro Evaluations. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1139-1150. [PMID: 35239311 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications carried out with the assistance of ultrasound have attracted significant attention in recent years. The use of phthalocyanines, which are an important component as photosensitizers in PDT, is becoming more important day by day. In therapeutic applications, phthalocyanines can promote the production of reactive oxygen species. Motivated by this fact, the syntheses of metal-free (2), gallium (3), and indium (4) phthalocyanines have been achieved by substituting 4-(cinnamyloxy)phthalonitrile for the first time to evaluate their therapeutic applications. Additionally, photophysicochemical, sonophotochemical, and in vitro evaluations of phthalocyanines have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the use of phthalocyanines with different metal ions as potential photosensitizers for sonophotodynamic therapy (SPDT) applications in gastric cancer cell lines. The results show that the quantum yield of the generation of singlet oxygen increased in sonophotochemical studies (ΦΔ = 0.55 (2), 0.85 (3), 0.96 (4)), compared to photochemical studies (ΦΔ = 0.22 (2), 0.61 (3), 0.78 (4)). The density functional theory (DFT) results are in good agreement with the experimental results and suggest increased reactivity of phthalocyanines 3 and 4 in various redox processes, thus implying their applicability and usefulness as potential therapeutic agents. These phthalocyanines are effective sensitizers for PDT, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and SPDT against MKN-28 gastric cancer cell line in vitro. All three treatments decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in the gastric cancer cell line. However, indium phthalocyanine (4)-mediated SPDT was a more effective treatment modality compared to indium phthalocyanine (4)-mediated PDT and SDT. Also, indium phthalocyanine (4) was found to be a more effective sensitizer to activate apoptosis compared to the other phthalocyanines. To sum up, phthalocyanine-mediated SPDT enhances the cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells more than the effect of SDT or PDT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Güzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey.,Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aleksey E Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Av. Santa Maria 6400, Campus Vitacura, 7660251 Santiago, Chile
| | - Aysegul Turkkol
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dincer Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
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Aksel M, Kesmez Ö, Yavaş A, Bilgin MD. Titaniumdioxide mediated sonophotodynamic therapy against prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112333. [PMID: 34688979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate of antitumor efficiency of titanium dioxide mediated photodynamic (PDT), sonodynamic (SDT), and sonophotodynamic (SPDT) therapies with a possible mechanism against the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. SPDT is a new approach to cancer treatment that combines sonodynamic and photodynamic therapies. On the other hand, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been used in many applications in pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, industrial products, and medicines. TiO2 nanoparticles will be useful for the treatment of cancer with PDT and SDT as the sensitizers in medicine. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles were used for an in vitro comparison between the PDT, SDT, SPDT damages on prostate cancer cell lines. For this purpose, the cells were incubated in RPMI-1640 media with various concentrations of TiO2 and subjected to 0,5 W/cm2 ultrasound and/or 0,5 mJ/cm2 light irradiation. The prostate cancer cells were irradiated with light and exposed with the US and both for SPDT in the presence and/or absence of TiO2. Cell viability was measured using by MTT test after treatments. Investigate to apoptosis mechanism, Propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 staining were used and the results showed that apoptotic cell bodies were increased compared with other groups. According to western blot analyses, caspase-3, caspase-8, PARP, and Bax levels were decreased after treatments, whereas the expression levels of caspase-9 were increased. Biochemical results showed that after treatments MDA levels were increased while SOD, CAT, GSH levels were decreased. In conclusion, TiO2-mediated SPDT may provide a promising approach for prostate cancer therapy and might play a key role in the apoptotic mechanism of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Aksel
- Department of Biophysics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Ömer Kesmez
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Adem Yavaş
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Food Safety Research and Application Center, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
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Hu D, Pan M, Yang Y, Sun A, Chen Y, Yuan L, Huang K, Qu Y, He C, Wei Q, Qian Z. Trimodal Sono/Photoinduced Focal Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Single‐Drug‐Based Nanosensitizer under Dual‐Activation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DanRong Hu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Meng Pan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - LiPing Yuan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - KangKang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - ChengQi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - ZhiYong Qian
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
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Martins YA, Fonseca MJV, Pavan TZ, Lopez RFV. Bifunctional Therapeutic Application of Low-Frequency Ultrasound Associated with Zinc Phthalocyanine-Loaded Micelles. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8075-8095. [PMID: 33116519 PMCID: PMC7586016 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new therapeutic modality for the noninvasive cancer treatment based on the association of ultrasound and sonosensitizer drugs. Topical SDT requires the development of delivery systems to properly transport the sonosensitizer, such as zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), to the skin. In addition, the delivery system itself can participate in sonodynamic events and influence the therapeutic response. This study aimed to develop ZnPc-loaded micelle to evaluate its potential as a topical delivery system and as a cavitational agent for low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) application with the dual purpose of promoting ZnPc skin penetration and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) for SDT. Methods ZnPc-loaded micelles were developed by the thin-film hydration method and optimized using the Quality by Design approach. Micelles’ influence on LFU-induced cavitation activity was measured by potassium iodide dosimeter and aluminum foil pits experiments. In vitro skin penetration of ZnPc was assessed after pretreatment of the skin with LFU and simultaneous LFU treatment using ZnPc-loaded micelles as coupling media followed by 6 h of passive permeation of ZnPc-loaded micelles. The singlet oxygen generation by LFU irradiation of the micelles was evaluated using two different hydrophilic probes. The lipid peroxidation of the skin was estimated using the malondialdehyde assay after skin treatment with simultaneous LFU using ZnPc-loaded micelles. The viability of the B16F10 melanoma cell line was evaluated using resazurin after treatment with different concentrations of ZnPc-loaded micelles irradiated or not with LFU. Results The micelles increased the solubility of ZnPc and augmented the LFU-induced cavitation activity in two times compared to water. After 6 h ZnPc-loaded micelles skin permeation, simultaneous LFU treatment increased the amount of ZnPc in the dermis by more than 40 times, when compared to non-LFU-mediated treatment, and by almost 5 times, when compared to LFU pretreatment protocol. The LFU irradiation of micelles induced the generation of singlet oxygen, and the lipoperoxidation of the skin treated with the simultaneous LFU was enhanced in three times in comparison to the non-LFU-treated skin. A significant reduction in cell viability following treatment with ZnPc-loaded micelles and LFU was observed compared to blank micelles and non-LFU-treated control groups. Conclusion LFU-irradiated mice can be a potential approach to skin cancer treatment by combining the functions of increasing drug penetration and ROS generation required for SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo A Martins
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Maria J V Fonseca
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Theo Z Pavan
- School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14090-900, Brazil
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1269624. [PMID: 33062666 PMCID: PMC7538255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), known as a heterogenous disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate around the world and seriously threatens public health. As an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. More and more evidence highlights that PCa is closely associated with age, and high levels of ROS are driven through activation of several signaling pathways with age, which facilitate the initiation, development, and progression of PCa. Nevertheless, excessive amounts of ROS result in harmful effects, such as genotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, PCa cells adaptively upregulate antioxidant genes to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a subtle balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell functions. The current review discusses the generation and biological roles of ROS in PCa and provides new strategies based on the regulation of ROS for the treatment of PCa.
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