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Garcia MT, Namba AM, do Carmo PHF, Pedroso LLC, de Lima PMN, Gonçale JC, Junqueira JC. Antimicrobial effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate against oral microcosm biofilm. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:390-401. [PMID: 38945827 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2371817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer eluate (S-PRG) against oral microcosm biofilms collected from the oral cavity of patients. Dental biofilm samples were collected from three volunteers to form microcosm biofilms in vitro. Initially, screening tests were carried out to determine the biofilm treatment conditions with S-PRG eluate. The effects of a daily treatment for 5 min using three microcosm biofilms from different patients was then evaluated. For this, biofilms were formed on tooth enamel specimens for 120 h. Biofilms treated with 100% S-PRG for 5 min per day for 5 days showed a reduction in the number of total microorganisms, streptococci and mutans streptococci. SEM images confirmed a reduction in the biofilm after treatment. Furthermore, S-PRG also reduced lactic acid production. It was concluded that S-PRG eluate reduced the microbial load and lactic acid production in oral microcosm biofilms, reinforcing its promising use as a mouthwash agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Terra Garcia
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Andressa Mayumi Namba
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Lara Luise Castro Pedroso
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Michele Nagai de Lima
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Caparroz Gonçale
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Naseef Pathoor N, Viswanathan A, Wadhwa G, Ganesh PS. Understanding the biofilm development of Acinetobacter baumannii and novel strategies to combat infection. APMIS 2024; 132:317-335. [PMID: 38444124 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, and aerobic bacillus emerged as a superbug, due to increasing the possibility of infection and accelerating rates of antimicrobial agents. It is recognized as a nosocomial pathogen due to its ability to form biofilms. These biofilms serve as a defensive barrier, increase antibiotic resistance, and make treatment more difficult. As a result, the current situation necessitates the rapid emergence of novel therapeutic approaches to ensure successful treatment outcomes. This review explores the intricate relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii, emphasizing the role of key virulence factors and quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms that will lead to infections and facilitate insight into developing innovative method to control A. baumannii infections. Furthermore, the review article looks into promising approaches for preventing biofilm formation on medically important surfaces and potential therapeutic methods for eliminating preformed biofilms, which can address biofilm-associated A. baumannii infections. Modern advances in emerging therapeutic options such as antimicrobial peptide (AMPs), nanoparticles (NPs), bacteriophage therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and other biofilm inhibitors can assist readers understand the current landscape and future prospects for effectively treating A. baumannii biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Naseef Pathoor
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akshaya Viswanathan
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gulshan Wadhwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pitchaipillai Sankar Ganesh
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahrami R, Bahador A. Application of photosensitive dental materials as a novel antimicrobial option in dentistry: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:762-772. [PMID: 38618073 PMCID: PMC11010690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of dental plaque is well-known for its role in causing various oral infections, such as tooth decay, inflammation of the dental pulp, gum disease, and infections of the oral mucosa like peri-implantitis and denture stomatitis. These infections primarily affect the local area of the mouth, but if not treated, they can potentially lead to life-threatening conditions. Traditional methods of mechanical and chemical antimicrobial treatment have limitations in fully eliminating microorganisms and preventing the formation of biofilms. Additionally, these methods can contribute to the development of drug-resistant microorganisms and disrupt the natural balance of oral bacteria. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a technique that utilizes low-power lasers with specific wavelengths in combination with a photosensitizing agent called photosensitizer to kill microorganisms. By inducing damage through reactive oxygen species (ROS), aPDT offers a new approach to addressing dental plaque and associated microbial biofilms, aiming to improve oral health outcomes. Recently, photosensitizers have been incorporated into dental materials to create photosensitive dental materials. This article aimed to review the use of photosensitive dental materials for aPDT as an innovative antimicrobial option in dentistry, with the goal of enhancing oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Bahrami
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alasqah MN. Efficacy of Adjunctive Fotoenticine Photodynamic Therapy and Sapindus mukorossi Therapy on Clinical, Radiographic, and Cytokine Profile of Diabetics with Peri-Implantitis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:174-181. [PMID: 38301210 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate effectiveness of Fotoenticine (FTC)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Sapindus mukorossi (SM) as adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on peri-implant clinical parameters and levels of proinflammatory cytokines among diabetics. Background: FTC has exhibited robust photodynamic impact against Streptococcus mutans (i.e., an established caries-associated bacterium); however, its efficacy against periodontal pathogens is not known. Methods: One hundred six diabetics with peri-implantitis were randomly categorized into three groups: Group I consisted of 37 participants who were treated with only MD; group II comprised 35 participants who were treated with FTC-mediated PDT, in addition to MD; and group III consisted of 34 participants who were treated with SM, in addition to MD. Peri-implant clinical parameters [plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD)] and radiographic outcomes [crestal bone loss (CBL)] (PI, BOP, and PD), together with peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels were measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Results: In group I (n = 37; 24 males +13 females), group II (n = 35; 20 males +15 females), and group III (n = 34; 17 males +17 females), the mean age of participants was 54.3 ± 4.6, 52.0 ± 5.5, and 50.8 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Significant improvement was observed in the scores of peri-implant PI (p = 0.01), BOP (p = 0.01), and PD (p = 0.02) at the 6-month follow-up among all study groups. Significant improvement in peri-implant CBL among group I subjects at 6-month follow-up compared to baseline (p < 0.05) was observed. PISF levels of IL-1β and IL-6 improved at 6 months. Conclusions: As an adjunct to conventional MD, FTC-mediated PDT and SM might be used as potential therapeutic modalities among diabetics with peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N Alasqah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Contreras SM, Fernandes JB, Spinola MDS, Garcia MT, Junqueira JC, Bresciani E, Caneppele TMF. Efficacy of bioactive materials in preventing Streptococcus mutans-induced caries on enamel and dentine. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12948. [PMID: 37583060 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the ability of bioactive materials used to restore enamel and dentine specimens to prevent caries. Enamel (n = 50) and dentine (n = 50) specimens were obtained from bovine incisors, prepared, and randomly allocated to one of five groups according to the restorative treatment: alkasite without adhesive system; alkasite with adhesive system; high viscosity glass ionomer cement; resin composite; no restoration; negative control group. Specimens were restored, exposed to a thermal cycling aging protocol, sterilized, and exposed to a cariogenic challenge induced by Streptococcus mutans and then submitted to surface and subsurface microhardness tests and polarized light microscopy to verify the caries lesion development in enamel or dentine surrounding the restorative materials. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. In enamel and dentine, glass ionomer cement, alkasite without and with adhesive system presented a lower percentage surface microhardness loss than resin composite and negative control. Enamel subsurface microhardness presented no statistically significant differences between glass ionomer cement, alkasite without and with adhesive system. Glass ionomer cement also did not present statistically significant differences from resin composite and the negative control. In dentine, glass ionomer cement showed the highest subsurface microhardness values. In conclusion, bioactive restorative materials provide greater protection to enamel and dentine against surface caries development than resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Mondragón Contreras
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Benace Fernandes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bresciani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Jao Y, Ding SJ, Chen CC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral infections: A systematic review. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1453-1466. [PMID: 37799910 PMCID: PMC10548011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral infection is a common clinical symptom. While antibiotics are widely employed as the primary treatment for oral diseases, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. One such modality is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which utilizes light and photosensitizers. Indeed, aPDT has been used alone or in combination with other treatment options dealing with periodontal disease for the elimination of biofilms from bacterial community to achieve bone formation and/or tissue regeneration. In this review article, in addition to factors affecting the efficacy of aPDT, various photosensitizers, the latest technology and perspectives on aPDT are discussed in detail. More importantly, the article emphasizes the novel design and clinical applications of photosensitizers, as well as the synergistic effects of chemical and biomolecules with aPDT to achieve the complete eradication of biofilms and even enhance the biological performance of tissues surrounding the treated oral area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jao
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Alaqeel SM, Moussa IM, Altinawi A, Awaiyer MS, Hashem M. The adhesive strength of fiber post-to-canal dentin with Aniline green, Fotoenticine activated by PDT, green tea, and ozone as a final irrigant. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103670. [PMID: 37356697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effect of novel final disinfection protocols Malachite green (MG), Fotoenticine® (FTC), Green tea extract (GTE), and Ozonated water (OW) on the bond strength of prefabricated glass fiber posts (PGFP) adhered to canal dentin. MATERIAL AND METHOD The canals of fifty premolars with closed apices were cleansed and obturated. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of five groups based on the final irrigant used, with the control group receiving NaOCl+EDTA and the experimental groups receiving MG, FTC, OW, and GTE. The GFP was cemented with a self-etching, dual-cure paste; the bond strength was estimated with a universal testing machine; and failure analysis was conducted with a stereomicroscope. RESULTS The highest PBS was observed in the coronal third of Group 4 (using ozonated water as the final irrigant), whereas the lowest bond integrity was observed in the apical section of Group 2 (1.02-0.54 MPa) using Malachite green as the final irrigant. Group 1, Group 4, and Group 5 exhibited no significant difference in the bond integrity of GFP to dentin when compared to Group 2 (p>0.05). In addition, comparable bond score values were obtained for Groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that OW and GTE may be effective final disinfectants for root canals, as they increase the bond strength of resin-luting cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer M Alaqeel
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Altinawi
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences. King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Saeed Awaiyer
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Montoya C, Roldan L, Yu M, Valliani S, Ta C, Yang M, Orrego S. Smart dental materials for antimicrobial applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:1-19. [PMID: 36582351 PMCID: PMC9763696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli (e.g., mechanical, chemical, electrical, or magnetic signals). The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and development of smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications in dentistry. These biomaterial systems offer improved efficacy and controllable bio-functionalities to prevent infections and extend the longevity of dental devices. This review article presents the current state-of-the-art of design, evaluation, advantages, and limitations of bioactive and stimuli-responsive and autonomous dental materials for antimicrobial applications. First, the importance and classification of smart biomaterials are discussed. Second, the categories of bioresponsive antibacterial dental materials are systematically itemized based on different stimuli, including pH, enzymes, light, magnetic field, and vibrations. For each category, their antimicrobial mechanism, applications, and examples are discussed. Finally, we examined the limitations and obstacles required to develop clinically relevant applications of these appealing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lina Roldan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Research Group (GIB), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Michelle Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Valliani
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Ta
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maobin Yang
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Endodontology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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El-Mourad AM. Use of final irrigant Potassium Titanyl Phosphate laser; Sapindus Mukorossi and Fotoenticine on the bond values of zirconia post-to-canal dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103589. [PMID: 37142074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Assessment of the efficacy of final root canal irrigants Sapindus mukorossi (SM), Potassium titanyl phosphate laser (KTPL), and Fotoenticine (FTC) on the push-out bond strength (PBS) of zirconia post. MATERIALS AND METHODS The root canal procedure was initiated using the 10 K file and the working length was determined on single-rooted human premolar teeth after decoration. The canals were then enlarged using ProTaper universal system and filled using single cone gutta-percha (GP) and AH Plus resin sealer. Post space was prepared by removing 10mm of GP from the canal. All the teeth were then allocated into four groups based on the final irrigating regime used (n=10) Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl+17% EDTA, Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl + KTPL, Group 3: 5.25% NaOCl + FTC and Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl+ SM. Zirconia posts were cemented in the canal space. The specimens were sectioned and implanted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin. A universal testing machine and stereomicroscope at 40x magnification were used for PBS and failure mode analysis. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to make group comparisons(p=0.05). RESULTS Group 4 (5.25% NaOCl+ SM) coronal section displayed the highest PBS (9.29±0.24 MPa). However, group 3 (5.25% NaOCl+ FTC) apical third (4.08±0.14 MPa) showed the lowest bond values. Group 2 (5.25% NaOCl+ KTP laser) and Group 3 at all three-thirds unveiled no significant difference in PBS(p>0.05). However, Group 1 (5.25% NaOCl+17%EDTA) and Group 4 displayed comparable outcomes of bond strength(p>0.05) CONCLUSION: Sapindus mukorossi has the ability to be used as a final root canal irrigant alternative to EDTA. However, future studies are still required to conclude the outcomes of existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah M El-Mourad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University.
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AlSheikh R, Abduldaiem OY, Alkhalifa MS, Jillani MS, Dehailan LA, Barakat A, Alazmah A, Hameed MS, Niazi F. Different cavity disinfectant efficacy against S.Mutans and shear bond strength of caries affected dentin bonded to resin restoration. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103560. [PMID: 37031900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The existing study aimed to assess the survival rate of S.mutans and shear bond strength (SBS) of resin adhesive restoration bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD) after using different cavity disinfectants (Chitosan, Fotoenticine®, and CO2 laser) in comparison to Chlorhexidine (CHX). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included human mandibular molars assessed on International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score 4 and 5. The cusp part of the clinical crown was cut off until the reduction reaches the central fossa while being continuously supplied with water coolant till the tooth cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The root sections were embedded in polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin followed by culturing S.mutans biofilm on the CAD surface. Specimens were arbitrarily allocated into four groups(n = 10) based on the type of disinfection. Group 1 (2% CHX), Group 2 (Chitosan), Group 3 (Fotoenticine), and Group 4 (CO2 laser). S.mutans survival rate was assessed and CAD was restored with a composite restorative material. Thermoocycling of the samples was performed and a universal testing machine (UTM) and Stereomicroscope were used to identify bond integrity and type of fracture. ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests were used to assess SBS. Data on the survival rate of S. mutans were compared between groups using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test RESULTS: Outcomes revealed that Group 1 (CHX) displayed the highest survival rate (0.65±0.10). However, lowest survival rate was demonstrated by Group 3 (Fotoenticine) treated specimens (0.25±0.06). It was also discovered that CHX unveiled highest bond strength values (21.48±1.39 MPa). Nevertheless, Group 2 (Chitosan) showed lowest SBS (11.01±1.00 MPa). Intergroup comparison analysis presented that group 1, and group 4 (Co2 laser) (17.76±0.41 MPa) displayed no significant difference in their bond integrity achieved. (p>0.05). However, group 3 (Fotoenticine) (16.28±0.51 MPa) and group 2 demonstrated comparable outcomes of SBS. (p>0.05) CONCLUSION: The use of CHX and CO2 lasers as disinfectants on the CAD surface resulted in a positive impact on the SBS of resin composite, according to the study's findings. However, it is worth noting that Fotoenticine exhibited better antimicrobial efficacy against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha AlSheikh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muneera S Alkhalifa
- Restorative Dental Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Shah Jillani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Laila Al Dehailan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Barakat
- Dept of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulfatah Alazmah
- Associate professor in pediatric dentistry, Department of preventive dental sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahul Hameed
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University
| | - Fayez Niazi
- Associate professor in pediatric dentistry, Department of preventive dental sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Gnanasekar S, Kasi G, He X, Zhang K, Xu L, Kang ET. Recent advances in engineered polymeric materials for efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacterial pathogens. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:157-174. [PMID: 36093325 PMCID: PMC9421094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, infectious diseases persist as a global crisis by causing significant destruction to public health and the economic stability of countries worldwide. Especially bacterial infections remain a most severe concern due to the prevalence and emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and limitations with existing therapeutic options. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a potential therapeutic modality that involves the systematic administration of photosensitizers (PSs), light, and molecular oxygen (O2) for coping with bacterial infections. Although the existing porphyrin and non-porphyrin PSs were effective in APDT, the poor solubility, limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, and non-specific distribution hinder their clinical applications. Accordingly, to promote the efficiency of conventional PSs, various polymer-driven modification and functionalization strategies have been adopted to engineer multifunctional hybrid phototherapeutics. This review assesses recent advancements and state-of-the-art research in polymer-PSs hybrid materials developed for APDT applications. Further, the key research findings of the following aspects are considered in-depth with constructive discussions: i) PSs-integrated/functionalized polymeric composites through various molecular interactions; ii) PSs-deposited coatings on different substrates and devices to eliminate healthcare-associated infections; and iii) PSs-embedded films, scaffolds, and hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications. Synthetic strategies of engineered polymer-based hybrid materials integrated with photosensitizers for APDT. Utilization of photosensitizer-incorporated polymeric materials in health care applications. Challenges and opportunities in the future development of polymeric biomaterials with improved photo-bactericidal properties.
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Li X, Ren S, Song L, Gu D, Peng H, Zhao Y, Liu C, Yang J, Miao L. Combined Black Phosphorus Nanosheets with ICG/aPDT is an Effective Anti-Inflammatory Treatment for Periodontal Disorders. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:813-827. [PMID: 36814856 PMCID: PMC9939799 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibacterial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) has indispensable significance as a means of treating periodontal disorders because of its extraordinary potential for killing pathogenic bacteria by generating an overpowering amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated ROS that may result from the antibacterial treatment procedure, however, could exert oxidative pressure inside periodontal pockets, causing irreparable damage to surrounding tissue, an issue that has severely restricted its medicinal applications. Accordingly, herein, we report the use of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) that can eliminate the side effects of ROS-based aPDT as well as scavenge ROS to produce an antibacterial effect. Methods The antibacterial effect of ICG/aPDT was observed by direct microscopic colony counting. A microplate reader and confocal microscope enabled measurements of cell viability and the quantification of ROS fluorescence. BPNS administration regulated the oxidative environment. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, and Arg-1 mRNA expression levels were used to assess the inflammatory response after BPNS treatment. In vivo, the efficacy of the combination of BPNSs and ICG/aPDT was evaluated in rats with periodontal disease by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Results The CFU assay results verified the antibacterial effect of ICG/aPDT treatment, and ROS fluorescence quantification by CLSM indicated the antioxidative ability of the BPNSs. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, and Arg-1 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased after BPNS treatment, confirming the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of this nanomaterial. The histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the levels of proinflammatory factors decreased, suggesting that the BPNSs had anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Conclusion Treatment with antioxidative BPNSs gives new insights into future anti-inflammatory therapies for periodontal disease and other infection-related inflammatory illnesses and provides an approach to combat the flaws of aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincong Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Ren
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lutong Song
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deao Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Leiying Miao; Jie Yang, Email ;
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Diarylureas: New Promising Small Molecules against Streptococcus mutans for the Treatment of Dental Caries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010112. [PMID: 36671313 PMCID: PMC9855158 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease that represents a worldwide oral health issue. Streptococcus mutans has been ascertained as the main cariogenic pathogen responsible for human dental caries, with a high ability to form biofilms, regulated by the quorum sensing. Diarylureas represent a class of organic compounds that show numerous biological activities, including the antimicrobial one. Two small molecules belonging to this class, specifically to diphenylureas, BPU (1,3-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea) and DMTU (1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea), showed interesting results in studies regarding the antimicrobial activity against the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans. Since there are not many antimicrobials used for the prevention and treatment of caries, further studies on these two interesting compounds and other diarylureas against S. mutans may be useful to design new effective agents for the treatment of caries with generally low cytotoxicity.
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Yan R, Liu J, Dong Z, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-mediated photodynamic therapy and its applications in treating oral diseases. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213218. [PMID: 36436431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer, have a very high morbidity over the world. Basically, many oral diseases are commonly related to bacterial infections or cell malignant proliferation, and usually located on the superficial positions. These features allow the convenient and efficient application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral diseases, since PDT is ideally suitable for the diseases on superficial sites and has been widely used for antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Photosensitizers (PSs) are an essential element in PDT, which induce the generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon absorption of specific lights. Almost all the PSs are small molecules and commonly suffered from various problems in the PDT environment, such as low solubility and poor stability. Recently, reports on the nanomedicine-based PDT have been well documented. Various functionalized nanomaterials can serve either as the PSs carriers or the direct PSs, thus enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the features of different oral diseases and discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine-based PDT in the treatment of some common oral diseases. Also, the concerns and possible solutions for nanomaterials-mediated PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Garcia MT, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Faustino EG, Pedroso LLC, Junqueira JC. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Fotenticine and Methylene Blue on Planktonic Growth, Biofilms, and Burn Infections of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050619. [PMID: 35625263 PMCID: PMC9137570 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is considered a promising alternative strategy to control Acinetobacter baumannii infections. In this study, we evaluated the action of aPDT mediated by a new photosensitizer derivative from chlorin e-6 (Fotoenticine—FTC) on A. baumannii, comparing its effects with methylene blue (MB). For this, aPDT was applied on A. baumannii in planktonic growth, biofilms, and burn infections in Galleria mellonella. The absorption of FTC and MB by bacterial cells was also evaluated using microscopic and spectrophotometric analysis. The results of planktonic cultures showed that aPDT reduced the number of viable cells compared to the non-treated group for the reference and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains. These reductions varied from 1.4 to 2 log10 CFU for FTC and from 2 log10 CFU to total inhibition for MB. In biofilms, aPDT with MB reduced 3.9 log10 CFU of A. baumannii, whereas FTC had no effect on the cell counts. In G. mellonella, only MB-mediated aPDT had antimicrobial activity on burn injuries, increasing the larvae survival by 35%. Both photosensitizers were internalized by bacterial cells, but MB showed a higher absorption compared to FTC. In conclusion, MB had greater efficacy than FTC as a photosensitizer in aPDT against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia M. A. Figueiredo-Godoi
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (E.G.F.); (L.L.C.P.); (J.C.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maíra T. Garcia
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (E.G.F.); (L.L.C.P.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Juliana G. Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (Photobios), University of Vale of Paraiba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil; (J.G.P.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (Photobios), University of Vale of Paraiba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil; (J.G.P.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Eliseu Gabriel Faustino
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (E.G.F.); (L.L.C.P.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Lara Luise Castro Pedroso
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (E.G.F.); (L.L.C.P.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Juliana C. Junqueira
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (E.G.F.); (L.L.C.P.); (J.C.J.)
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Namba AM, Santos ELDS, Garcia MT, Ribeiro FDC, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Rossoni RD, Junqueira JC. Farnesol as a potentiator of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation on Enterococcus faecalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garcia MT, Ward RADC, Gonçalves NMF, Pedroso LLC, Neto JVDS, Strixino JF, Junqueira JC. Susceptibility of Dental Caries Microcosm Biofilms to Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Fotoenticine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111907. [PMID: 34834321 PMCID: PMC8619263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by Fotoenticine® (FTC), a new photosensitizer derived from chlorin e-6, has shown in vitro inhibitory activity against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. However, its antimicrobial effects must be investigated on biofilm models that represent the microbial complexity of caries. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of FTC-mediated PDT on microcosm biofilms of dental caries. Decayed dentin samples were collected from different patients to form in vitro biofilms. Biofilms were treated with FTC associated with LED irradiation and analyzed by counting the colony forming units (log10 CFU) in selective and non-selective culture media. Furthermore, the biofilm structure and acid production by microorganisms were analyzed using microscopic and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. The biofilms from different patients showed variations in microbial composition, being formed by streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts. Altogether, PDT decreased up to 3.7 log10 CFU of total microorganisms, 2.8 log10 CFU of streptococci, 3.2 log10 CFU of lactobacilli and 3.2 log10 CFU of yeasts, and reached eradication of mutans streptococci. PDT was also capable of disaggregating the biofilms and reducing acid concentration in 1.1 to 1.9 mmol lactate/L. It was concluded that FTC was effective in PDT against the heterogeneous biofilms of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology/ICT, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (R.A.d.C.W.); (N.M.F.G.); (L.L.C.P.)
| | - Rafael Araújo da Costa Ward
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology/ICT, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (R.A.d.C.W.); (N.M.F.G.); (L.L.C.P.)
| | - Nathália Maria Ferreira Gonçalves
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology/ICT, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (R.A.d.C.W.); (N.M.F.G.); (L.L.C.P.)
| | - Lara Luise Castro Pedroso
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology/ICT, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (R.A.d.C.W.); (N.M.F.G.); (L.L.C.P.)
| | - José Vieira da Silva Neto
- Associate Laboratory of Sensors and Materials/LABAS, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Ferreira Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute IP&D, University of Vale do Paraiba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos 12244-390, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology/ICT, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (M.T.G.); (R.A.d.C.W.); (N.M.F.G.); (L.L.C.P.)
- Correspondence:
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