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Marcolino LMC, Ambrosio JA, Pinto JG, Ferreira I, Simioni AR, Ferreira-Strixino J. Photodynamic therapy of cationic and anionic BSA-curcumin nanoparticles on amastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104001. [PMID: 38342387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease prevalent in tropical countries, and conventional treatment can cause several serious side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be considered a promising treatment alternative, as it is non-invasive therapy that has no side effects and uses accessible and low-cost substances, such as curcumin. This study evaluated the PDT response with cationic and anionic BSA nanoparticles encapsulated with curcumin in macrophages infected with L. braziliensis, L. major, and L. amazonensis. The nanoparticle system was characterized using a steady-state technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study, and its biological activity was evaluated using macrophage cell lines infected with different Leishmania species. All spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that BSA curcumin (BSACur) has good photophysical properties, and confocal microscopy shows that macrophages and protozoa internalized the nanoparticles. The viability test demonstrated that at low concentrations, such as 0.1, 0.7, and 1.0 µmol. L-1, there was a decrease in cell viability after PDT application. Furthermore, a decrease in the number of parasites recovered was observed in the PDT groups. The results allowed us to conclude that curcumin loaded into BSA nanoparticles may have potential application in drug delivery systems for PDT protocols, demonstrating reduced cell viability at lower concentrations than free curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Cortez Marcolino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ar Ambrosio
- Micro and Nanoparticle Systems Laboratory - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Ferreira
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Andreza R Simioni
- Micro and Nanoparticle Systems Laboratory - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab) - Research and Development Institute - IPD - Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, S.P, Brazil.
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Marcolino LMC, Pinto JG, Ferreira I, Godoi BH, de Azevedo Canevari R, Ferreira-Strixino J. Molecular effects of photodynamic therapy with curcumin on Leishmania major promastigotes. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:146. [PMID: 38418645 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease mainly affecting low-income populations. Conventional treatment involves several side effects, is expensive, and, in addition, protozoa can develop resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative in treating the disease. PDT involves applying light at a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitive compound (photosensitizer, PS), to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin and its photochemical characteristics make it a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. Studies evaluating gene expression can help to understand the molecular events involved in the cell death caused by PDT. In the present study, RNA was extracted from promastigotes from the control and treated groups after applying PDT. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the expression of the putative ATPase beta subunit (ATPS), ATP synthase subunit A (F0F1), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), glycoprotein 63 (GP63), superoxide dismutase (FeSODA), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) genes (QR). The results suggest that PDT altered the expression of genes that participate in oxidative stress and cell death pathways, such as ATPS, FeSODA, and G6PD. The ATP-F0F1, ASS, and GP63 genes did not have their expression altered. However, it is essential to highlight that other genes may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and, consequently, in the death of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Cortez Marcolino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Ferreira
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Azevedo Canevari
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Dan Córdoba AV, Aiassa V, Dimmer JA, Barrionuevo CN, Quevedo MA, Longhi MR, Zoppi A. Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Systems Containing Rifampicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010198. [PMID: 36678827 PMCID: PMC9864009 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin is a potent antimicrobial drug with some suboptimal properties, such as poor stability, low solubility, and variable bioavailability. Therefore, in the current study, a multicomponent complex between rifampicin, γ-cyclodextrin, and arginine was prepared with the aim of improving drug properties. Solubility was evaluated by phase-solubility studies. The mechanism of interaction was established through proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Physicochemical characterization was investigated using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution properties, antimicrobial activity (antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antileishmanial), and stability of the different samples were studied. The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate that multicomponent complexes can improve the water solubility and dissolution rate of rifampicin, as well as its antibacterial and antileishmanial action, and present suitable stability. In conclusion, rifampicin complexed with γ-cyclodextrin and arginine is an attractive approach for developing pharmaceutical dosage forms of rifampicin with increased antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella V. Dan Córdoba
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aiassa
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Jesica A. Dimmer
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Universidad de Villa María, Villa María, Córdoba 5900, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación de la Enfermedad de Chagas y Leishmaniasis, Facultad Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Camila N. Barrionuevo
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación de la Enfermedad de Chagas y Leishmaniasis, Facultad Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, INICSA-CONICET, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Mario A. Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Marcela R. Longhi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ariana Zoppi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (A.Z.)
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Ozlem-Caliskan S, Ilikci-Sagkan R, Karakas H, Sever S, Yildirim C, Balikci M, Ertabaklar H. Efficacy of malachite green mediated photodynamic therapy on treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: In vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103111. [PMID: 36075521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a common zoonotic disease that is transmitted by phlebotomus and causes several clinical conditions, from self healing lesion to deadly internal organ involvement. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment method that leads to the generation of cytotoxic species and consequently to cell death and tissue destruction by visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer and oxygen. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of malachite green (MG)-mediated PDT in Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) promastigotes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Parasites were incubated with 0.19, 0.39, 1.56, 3.25 and 6.25 μM of MG for one hour and subjected to 46.4 J/cm2 light irradiation. Trypan blue assay was used to evaluate the viability of the cells and mitochondirial activity alteration was determined by MTT. Morphological changes were analyzed by Giemsa staining and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the fluorescence emitted by cell volume, JC-1, Cell Cycle and Annexin V/PI staining reagents. RESULTS Malachite green mediated photodynamic therapy at 1.56 and 3.125 μM decreased the viability of the L. tropica promastigotes and induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. L.tropica promastigotes was bloked in G0/G1 phase. The morphology of the parasite was affected at the 1.56 and 3.125 μM MG+PDT, resulting in rounded cells with loss of flagellum and irregular shape. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that antileishmanial effects through mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis-like cell death to parasites. This work showed PDT with MG effectedparasites. Therefore, MG-mediated PDT may provide a promising approach for L. tropica promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahsan Ilikci-Sagkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Hatice Karakas
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Sever
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Cansu Yildirim
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Misra Balikci
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ertabaklar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Ning X, He G, Zeng W, Xia Y. The photosensitizer-based therapies enhance the repairing of skin wounds. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915548. [PMID: 36035433 PMCID: PMC9403269 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound repair remains a clinical challenge and bacterial infection is a common complication that may significantly delay healing. Therefore, proper and effective wound management is essential. The photosensitizer-based therapies mainly stimulate the photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species through appropriate excitation source irradiation, thereby killing pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, they initiate local immune responses by inducing the recruitment of immune cells as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, these therapies can stimulate the proliferation, migration and differentiation of skin resident cells, and improve the deposition of extracellular matrix; subsequently, they promote the re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Studies in multiple animal models and human skin wounds have proved that the superior sterilization property and biological effects of photosensitizer-based therapies during different stages of wound repair. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in photosensitizer-based therapies for enhancing tissue regeneration, and suggest more effective therapeutics for patients with skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ning
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yumin Xia,
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Dinc R. New developments in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.345944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Varzandeh M, Mohammadinejad R, Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani K, Dehshahri A, Zarrabi A, Aghaei-Afshar A. Photodynamic therapy for leishmaniasis: Recent advances and future trends. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102609. [PMID: 34728420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has infected more than 12 million people worldwide. This neglected tropical disease, causing 20,000-30,000 deaths per year, is a global health problem. The emergence of resistant parasites and serious side effects of conventional therapies has led to the search for less toxic and non-invasive alternative treatments. Photodynamic therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to produce reactive oxygen species for the treatment of leishmaniasis. In this regard, natural and synthetic photosensitizers such as curcumin, hypericin, 5-aminolevulinic acid, phthalocyanines, phenothiazines, porphyrins, chlorins and nanoparticles have been applied. In this review, the recent advances on using photodynamic therapy for treating Leishmania species have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R.Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34485 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abbas Aghaei-Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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