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Gok Yurttas A, Çinar K, Khan Z, Elgün T, Mayack C. Inactivation of Nosema spp. with zinc phthalocyanine. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108074. [PMID: 38350524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Most honey bee pathogens, such as Vairimorpha (Nosema), cannot be rapidly and definitively diagnosed in a natural setting, consequently there is typically the spread of these diseases through shared and re-use of beekeeping equipment. Furthermore, there are no viable treatment options available for Nosema spores to aid in managing the spread of this bee disease. We therefore aimed to develop a new method using novel Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as a photosensitizer for the photodynamic inactivation of Nosema spores that could be used for the decontamination of beekeeping equipment. Nosema spores were propagated for in vitro testing using four caged Apis mellifera honey bees. The ZnPc treatment was characterized, encapsulated with a liposome, and then used as either a 10 or 100 µM treatment for the freshly harvested Nosema spores, for either a 30 and or 60-minute time period, under either light or dark conditions, in-vitro, in 96-well plates. In the dark treatment, after 30-min, the ZnPc 100 µM treatment, caused a 30 % Nosema mortality, while this increased to 80 % at the same concentration after the light treatment. The high rate of anti-spore effects, in a short period of time, supports the notion that this could be an effective treatment for managing honey bee Nosema infections in the future. Our results also suggest that the photo activation of the treatment could be applied in the field setting and this would increase the sterilization of beekeeping equipment against Nosema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Gok Yurttas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kamil Çinar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Zaeema Khan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tuğba Elgün
- Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Christopher Mayack
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey; US Department of Agriculture, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit (ISPHRU), Western Regional Research Center (WRRC) in the Pacific West Area (PWA), USDA ARS Bee Lab Trailer 1, United States.
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Wang Z, Cai W, Ning F, Sun W, Du J, Long S, Fan J, Chen X, Peng X. Dipicolylamine-Zn Induced Targeting and Photo-Eliminating of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Drug-Resistance Gram-Positive Bacteria. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302490. [PMID: 37909241 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, particularly resistant strains of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, poses a significant threat to public health. Although antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising strategy for combating drug-resistant bacteria, actively targeted photosensitizers (PSs) remain unknown. In this study, a PS based on dipicolylamine (DPA), known as WZK-DPA-Zn, is designed for the selective identification of P. aeruginosa and drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. WZK-DPA-Zn exploits the synergistic effects of DPA-Zn2+ coordination and cellular uptake, which could effectively anchor P. aeruginosa within a brief period (10 min) without interference from other Gram-negative bacteria. Simultaneously, the cationic nature of WZK-DPA-Zn enhances its interaction with Gram-positive bacteria via electrostatic forces. Compared to traditional clinical antibiotics, WZK-DPA-Zn shows exceptional antibacterial activity without inducing drug resistance. This effectiveness is achieved using the APDT strategy when irradiated with white light or sunlight. The combination of WZK-DPA-Zn with Pluronic-based thermosensitive hydrogel dressings (WZK-DPA-Zn@Gel) effectively eliminates mixed bacterial infections and accelerates wound healing, thereby achieving a synergistic effect where "1+1>2." In summary, this study proposes a precise strategy employing DPA-Zn as the targeting moiety of a PS, facilitating the rapid elimination of P. aeruginosa and drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria using APDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuokai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fangrui Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, P. R. China
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Woźniak M, Nowak-Perlak M. Hypericin-Based Photodynamic Therapy Displays Higher Selectivity and Phototoxicity towards Melanoma and Squamous Cell Cancer Compared to Normal Keratinocytes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16897. [PMID: 38069219 PMCID: PMC10707231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the potential of hypericin, a naturally occurring photosensi-tizer, for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in skin cancer, investigating its phototoxic effects and mechanisms of action in cancer cells compared to normal skin keratinocytes, squamous cell cancer (SCC-25) cells and melanoma (MUG-Mel2) cells. Hypericin was applied at concentrations ranging from 0.1-40 μM to HaCaT, SCC-25, and MUG-Mel2 cells. After 24 h of incubation, the cells were exposed to orange light at 3.6 J/cm2 or 7.2 J/cm2. Phototoxicity was assessed using MTT and SRB tests. Cellular uptake was measured by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-positive cells were estimated through TUNEL for apoptotic bodies' visualization. Hypericin exhibited a higher phototoxic reaction in cancer cells compared to normal keratinocytes after irradiation. Cancer cells demonstrated increased and selective uptake of hypericin. Apoptosis was observed in SCC-25 and MUG-Mel2 cells following PDT. Our findings suggest that hypericin-based PDT is a promising and less invasive approach for treating skin cancer. The higher phototoxic reaction, selective uptake by cancer cells, and observed proapoptotic properties support the promising role of hypericin-based PDT in skin cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Leanse LG, Marasini S, dos Anjos C, Dai T. Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a 'Light' at the End of the Tunnel? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1437. [PMID: 37760734 PMCID: PMC10525303 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the increases in microorganisms that express a multitude of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the global population has reached critical levels. The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has further contributed to the influx of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which has placed significant pressure on healthcare systems. For over a century, the potential for light-based approaches targeted at combatting both cancer and infectious diseases has been proposed. They offer effective killing of microbial pathogens, regardless of AMR status, and have not typically been associated with high propensities of resistance development. To that end, the goal of this review is to describe the different mechanisms that drive AMR, including intrinsic, phenotypic, and acquired resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the different light-based approaches, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), antimicrobial blue light (aBL), and ultraviolet (UV) light, will be discussed as potential alternatives or adjunct therapies with conventional antimicrobials. Lastly, we will evaluate the feasibility and requirements associated with integration of light-based approaches into the clinical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G. Leanse
- Health and Sports Sciences Hub, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Sanjay Marasini
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Carolina dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
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Mikra C, Mitrakas A, Ghizzani V, Katsani KR, Koffa M, Koukourakis M, Psomas G, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Fylaktakidou KC. Effect of Arylazo Sulfones on DNA: Binding, Cleavage, Photocleavage, Molecular Docking Studies and Interaction with A375 Melanoma and Non-Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031834. [PMID: 36768159 PMCID: PMC9915714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of arylazo sulfones, known to undergo N-S bond cleavage upon light exposure, has been synthesized, and their activity in the dark and upon irradiation towards DNA has been investigated. Their interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been examined, and the significant affinity observed (most probably due to DNA intercalation) was analyzed by means of molecular docking "in silico" calculations that pointed out polar contacts, mainly via the sulfonyl moiety. Incubation with plasmid pBluescript KS II revealed DNA cleavage that has been studied over time and concentration. UV-A irradiation considerably improved DNA damage for most of the compounds, whereas under visible light the effect was slightly lower. Moving to in vitro experiments, irradiation was found to slightly enhance the death of the cells in the majority of the compounds. Naphthylazosulfone 1 showed photo-disruptive effect under UV-A irradiation (IC50 ~13 μΜ) followed by derivatives 14 and 17 (IC50 ~100 μΜ). Those compounds were irradiated in the presence of two non-cancer cell lines and were found equally toxic only upon irradiation and not in the dark. The temporal and spatial control of light, therefore, might provide a chance for these novel scaffolds to be useful for the development of phototoxic pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Mikra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Virginia Ghizzani
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Katerina R. Katsani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (K.C.F.)
| | - Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (K.C.F.)
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Ngoepe MP, Battison A, Mufamadi S. Nano-Enabled Chronic Wound Healing Strategies: Burn and Diabetic Ulcer Wounds. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human skin serves as the body’s first line of defense against the environment. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and 2nd–4th degree burns, on the other hand, affect the skin’s protective barrier features. Burn wounds, hypermetabolic state, and hyperglycemia compromise the
immune system leading to chronic wound healing. Unlike acute wound healing processes, chronic wounds are affected by reinfections which can lead to limb amputation or death. The conventional wound dressing techniques used to protect the wound and provide an optimal environment for repair have
their limitations. Various nanomaterials have been produced that exhibit distinct features to tackle issues affecting wound repair mechanisms. This review discusses the emerging technologies that have been designed to improve wound care upon skin injury. To ensure rapid healing and possibly
prevent scarring, different nanomaterials can be applied at different stages of healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phehello Ngoepe
- DSI-Mandela Nanomedicine Platform, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Aidan Battison
- DSI-Mandela Nanomedicine Platform, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Steven Mufamadi
- DSI-Mandela Nanomedicine Platform, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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