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Hirobe T. Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4560. [PMID: 38674144 PMCID: PMC11049857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian melanin is produced in melanocytes and accumulated in melanosomes. Melanogenesis is supported by many factors derived from the surrounding tissue environment, such as the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, in addition to numerous melanogenesis-related genes. The roles of these genes have been fully investigated and the molecular analysis has been performed. Moreover, the role of paracrine factors derived from epidermis has also been studied. However, the role of dermis has not been fully studied. Thus, in this review, dermis-derived factors including soluble and insoluble components were overviewed and discussed in normal and abnormal circumstances. Dermal factors play an important role in the regulation of melanogenesis in the normal and abnormal mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hirobe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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2
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Loftus SN, Gharaee-Kermani M, Xu B, Moore TM, Hannoudi A, Mallbris MJ, Klein B, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. Interferon alpha promotes caspase-8 dependent ultraviolet light-mediated keratinocyte apoptosis via interferon regulatory factor 1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384606. [PMID: 38660315 PMCID: PMC11039837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ultraviolet (UV) light is a known trigger of both cutaneous and systemic disease manifestations in lupus patients. Lupus skin has elevated expression of type I interferons (IFNs) that promote increased keratinocyte (KC) death after UV exposure. The mechanisms by which KC cell death is increased by type I IFNs are unknown. Methods Here, we examine the specific cell death pathways that are activated in KCs by type I IFN priming and UVB exposure using a variety of pharmacological and genetic approaches. Mice that overexpress Ifnk in the epidermis were exposed to UVB light and cell death was measured. RNA-sequencing from IFN-treated KCs was analyzed to identify candidate genes for further analysis that could drive enhanced cell death responses after UVB exposure. Results We identify enhanced activation of caspase-8 dependent apoptosis, but not other cell death pathways, in type I IFN and UVB-exposed KCs. In vivo, overexpression of epidermal Ifnk resulted in increased apoptosis in murine skin after UVB treatment. This increase in KC apoptosis was not dependent on known death ligands but rather dependent on type I IFN-upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Discussion These data suggest that enhanced sensitivity to UV light exhibited by lupus patients results from type I IFN priming of KCs that drives IRF1 expression resulting in caspase-8 activation and increased apoptosis after minimal exposures to UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N. Loftus
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bin Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tyson M. Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrew Hannoudi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mischa J. Mallbris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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3
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Vives-Peris V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Pérez-Clemente RM. Proline accumulation and antioxidant response are crucial for citrus tolerance to UV-B light-induced stress. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2024. [PMID: 38568875 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Plants face a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress conditions, which are further intensified by climate change. Among these stressors, increased irradiation in terms of intensity and wavelength range can lead to detrimental effects, such as chlorophyll degradation, destruction of the PSII reaction center, generation of ROS, alterations to plant metabolism, and even plant death. Here, we investigated the responses of two citrus genotypes, Citrus macrophylla (CM), and Troyer citrange (TC) to UV-B light-induced stress, by growing plants of both genotypes under control and UV-B stress conditions for 5 days to evaluate their tolerance mechanisms. TC seedlings had higher sensitivity to UV-B light than CM seedlings, as they showed more damage and increased levels of oxidative harm (indicated by the accumulation of MDA). In contrast, CM seedlings exhibited specific adaptive mechanisms, including accumulation of higher levels of proline under stressful conditions, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by increased ascorbate peroxidase activity and upregulation of the CsAPX2 gene. Phytohormone accumulation patterns were similar in both genotypes, with a decrease in ABA content in response to UV-B light. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in light perception and response was specifically affected in the tolerant CM seedlings, which exhibited higher expression of CsHYH/CsHY5 and CsRUP1-2 genes. These findings underscore the importance of the antioxidant system in citrus plants subjected to UV-B light-induced stress and suggest that CsHYH/CsHY5 and CsRUP1-2 could be considered genes associated with tolerance to such challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vives-Peris
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - A Gómez-Cadenas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - R M Pérez-Clemente
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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4
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Backer HD, Derlet RW, Hill VR. Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Water Treatment for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations: 2024 Update. Wilderness Environ Med 2024; 35:45S-66S. [PMID: 38379474 PMCID: PMC10961906 DOI: 10.1177/10806032231218722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To provide guidance to medical providers, wilderness users, and travelers, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for treating water in situations where the potability of available water is not assured, including wilderness and international travel, areas impacted by disaster, and other areas without adequate sanitation. The guidelines present the available methods for reducing or eliminating microbiological contamination of water for individuals, groups, or households; evaluation of their effectiveness; and practical considerations. The evidence base includes both laboratory and clinical publications. The panel graded the recommendations based on the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks/burdens according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert W. Derlet
- Emergency Department, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Vincent R. Hill
- Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Assiri A, Hamzi SA, Hamzi YA, Muyidi AY, Harthi FM, Qaysi MM, Jadah AA, Safhi AM, Hobani AH. Knowledge, Attitude, Reception, and Preventive Practices Towards Skin Photoaging Among the General Population in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e55710. [PMID: 38586780 PMCID: PMC10998664 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin photoaging is caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight, particularly ultraviolet rays (UV). High cumulative levels of UV radiation may cause burning, photoallergic or phototoxic reactions, pigmentary changes, photoaging, and even immunosuppression and skin cancers. Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, reception, and preventive practices towards skin photoaging among the Jazan general population in Saudi Arabia and its determinants. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Jazan, Saudi Arabia, who were aged 18 years and above and agreed to participate in the study. The calculated minimum sample size was 385. An online, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was distributed conveniently in Google Forms through social media platforms. It included four sections: The first section was about sociodemographic characteristics. The second section assessed the smoking, exercise, and healthy diet behavior of participants and the use of sunscreen. The third section assessed the knowledge regarding the photoaging process and its preventive measures utilization using three-point Likert scale questions. The fourth section assessed attitudes towards the photoaging process and its preventive measures through three-point Likert scales. Results The study included 452, of which 243 (53.76%) were aged 18-30 years, 258 (57.08%) were females, and 272 (60.18%) had white skin color. Approximately 417 (92.26%) were nonsmokers. Sixty-eight percent (372) spent 1-3 hours in the sun. Social media was the primary source of information on photoaging 81 (17.92%). Around 234 (51.77%) defined photoaging correctly. Regarding sunscreen usage, 58 (12.83%) always use sunscreen, and 177 (39.16%) never use it. However, 191 (42.26%) recognized the correct sunscreen application. Approximately 233 (51.5%) and 240 (53.1%) of respondents had fair knowledge and a positive attitude regarding photoaging and sunscreen use. Being female, pursuing university and postgraduate education, and taking information on photoaging from a physician were linked to a higher knowledge of photoaging (p<0.05). Participants who never use sunscreen had lower knowledge than those who always use it (p<0.001). None of the demographic factors was associated with the attitude towards sunscreen use (p>0.05). Conclusion There is a substantial gap in knowledge and preventive practices related to skin photoaging among the Jazan general population in Saudi Arabia. Gender, education level, and information sources influence knowledge levels. Targeted educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness and promote healthier practices, particularly sun exposure and photoaging prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Assiri
- Department of Dermatology, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Shorooq A Hamzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jazan General Hospital, Jazan, SAU
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Martins DJ, Singh JK, Jahjah T, Vessoni AT, Leandro GDS, Silva MM, Biard DSF, Quinet A, Menck CFM. Polymerase iota plays a key role during translesion synthesis of UV-induced lesions in the absence of polymerase eta. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:4-18. [PMID: 37926965 DOI: 10.1111/php.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant cells are deficient in the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase Polη (eta). This protein contributes to DNA damage tolerance, bypassing unrepaired UV photoproducts and allowing S-phase progression with minimal delay. In the absence of Polη, backup polymerases perform TLS of UV lesions. However, which polymerase plays this role in human cells remains an open question. Here, we investigated the potential role of Polι (iota) in bypassing ultraviolet (UV) induced photoproducts in the absence of Polη, using NER-deficient (XP-C) cells knocked down for Polι and/or Polη genes. Our results indicate that cells lacking either Polι or Polη have increased sensitivity to UVC radiation. The lack of both TLS polymerases led to increased cell death and defects in proliferation and migration. Loss of both polymerases induces a significant replication fork arrest and G1/S-phase blockage, compared to the lack of Polη alone. In conclusion, we propose that Polι acts as a bona fide backup for Polη in the TLS of UV-photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Jardim Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jenny Kaur Singh
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tiya Jahjah
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandre Teixeira Vessoni
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Giovana da Silva Leandro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Serge François Biard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Service d'étude des prions et maladies atypiques, iRCM/IBJF, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Annabel Quinet
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Buhl T, Santibanez Santana M, Forkel S, Kromer C, Seidel J, Möbs C, Pfützner W, Pfeiffer S, Laubach HJ, Boehncke WH, Liebmann J, Born M, Schön MP. Full-body blue light irradiation as treatment for atopic dermatitis: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial (AD-Blue). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1500-1510. [PMID: 37814388 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible blue light (wavelength 400-495 nm) is a promising new treatment option for both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Whilst previous clinical trials featured various devices and blue light at a variety of wavelengths, none of these interventions were challenged in objective clinical criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-seven patients diagnosed with AD were enrolled in AD-Blue, an international, prospective, double-blinded, three-armed (415 nm vs. 450 nm vs. sham control), randomized trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of prototype full-body blue light devices. RESULTS Full-body irradiation with 450 nm blue light but not 415 nm had a significant impact on itch (Itch-VAS, -1.6 ± 2.3; p = 0.023 vs. sham irradiation). PO-SCORAD values also decreased significantly in response to irradiation at 415 nm (-11.5 ± 18.4; p = 0.028 vs. sham irradiation). None of the other outcome measures (EASI, SCORAD, IGA, DLQI) changed significantly. No safety signals were observed. Evaluation of skin transcriptomes, cytokine levels in serum, and ELISpots from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a subset of patients revealed moderate decreases in IL-31 in response to irradiation with blue light. CONCLUSIONS Despite its favorable safety profile and moderate reductions in itch and IL-31 levels, full-body blue light irradiation did not lead to an amelioration of any of the objective measures of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Buhl
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marisol Santibanez Santana
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Forkel
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Kromer
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Seidel
- Clinical and Experimental Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Clinical and Experimental Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Clinical and Experimental Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pfeiffer
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Clinical Trials Unit, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Laubach
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Liebmann
- Philips Innovation and Strategy, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Born
- Philips Innovation and Strategy, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Peter Schön
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Buhl T, Santibanez Santana M, Forkel S, Kromer C, Seidel J, Möbs C, Pfützner W, Pfeiffer S, Laubach HJ, Boehncke WH, Liebmann J, Born M, Schön MP. Ganzkörper-Blaulichtbestrahlung zur Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis: eine randomisierte, placebokontrollierte klinische Studie (AD-Blue). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1500-1512. [PMID: 38082514 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15211_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungHintergrundSichtbares blaues Licht (Wellenlänge 400–495 nm) ist eine vielversprechende neue Behandlungsoption sowohl für Psoriasis als auch für atopische Dermatitis (AD). In früheren klinischen Studien wurden zwar verschiedene Geräte und blaues Licht mit unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen eingesetzt, aber keine dieser Prozeduren wurde anhand objektiver klinischer Kriterien geprüft.Patienten und Methodik87 Patienten mit AD wurden in die AD‐Blue‐Studie aufgenommen, eine internationale, prospektive, doppelblinde, dreiarmige (415 nm vs. 450 nm vs. Placebo), randomisierte Studie zur Untersuchung der Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit von Prototypen von Ganzkörper‐Blaulicht‐Bestrahlungsgeräten.ErgebnisseDie Ganzkörper‐Bestrahlung mit 450 nm blauem Licht, aber nicht mit 415 nm, hatte einen signifikant positiven Einfluss auf den Juckreiz (Pruritus‐VAS, –1,6 ± 2,3; p = 0,023 gegenüber der Placebobestrahlung). Die PO‐SCORAD‐Werte sanken ebenfalls signifikant als Reaktion auf die Bestrahlung bei 415 nm (–11,5 ± 18,4; p = 0,028 im Vergleich zur Placebobestrahlung). Keines der anderen Ergebnisse (EASI, SCORAD, IGA, DLQI) veränderte sich signifikant. Es wurden keine Sicherheitsprobleme beobachtet. Die Auswertung von Hauttranskriptomdaten, Zytokinspiegeln im Serum und ELISpots aus mononukleären Zellen des peripheren Blutes, die von einer Untergruppe von Patienten isoliert wurden, ergab eine moderate Abnahme von IL‐31 als Reaktion auf die Bestrahlung mit blauem Licht.SchlussfolgerungenTrotz des günstigen Sicherheitsprofils und der mäßigen Verringerung von Pruritus und IL‐31‐Spiegel führte die Ganzkörper‐Blaulichtbestrahlung bei AD zu keiner Verbesserung der objektiven Parameter zu Krankheitsschwere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Buhl
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
- Niedersächsisches Institut für Berufsdermatologie, 1Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Marisol Santibanez Santana
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Susann Forkel
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Christian Kromer
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Julia Seidel
- Klinische und experimentelle Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Christian Möbs
- Klinische und experimentelle Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Klinische und experimentelle Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Pfeiffer
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Abteilung für klinische Studien, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Hans-Joachim Laubach
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätskliniken Genf, Genf, Schweiz
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätskliniken Genf, Genf, Schweiz
- Abteilung für Pathologie und Immunologie, Universität Genf, Genf, Schweiz
| | | | - Matthias Born
- Philips Innovation und Strategie, Eindhoven, Niedelande
| | - Michael Peter Schön
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
- Niedersächsisches Institut für Berufsdermatologie, 1Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
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Alavian Petroody SS, Hashemi SH, Škrlep L, Mušič B, van Gestel CAM, Sever Škapin A. UV Light Causes Structural Changes in Microplastics Exposed in Bio-Solids. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4322. [PMID: 37960002 PMCID: PMC10647429 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-solids (biological sludge) from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of the emission of microplastics (MPs) into the environment. Weakening the structure of MPs before they enter the environment may accelerate their degradation and reduce the environmental exposure time. Therefore, we studied the effect of UV-A and UV-C, applied at 70 °C, on three types of MPs, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that are commonly found in sewage sludge, using three shapes (fibers, lines, granules). The MPs were exposed to UV radiation in bio-solid suspensions, and to air and water as control. The structural changes in and degradation of the MPs were investigated using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) and surface morphology was performed with SEM analysis. UV exposure led to the emergence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in all of the PP samples. In PE and PET, these groups were formed only in the bio-solid suspensions. The presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups increased with an increasing exposure time. Overall, UV radiation had the greatest impact on the MPs in the bio-solids suspension. Due to the surface-to-volume ratio of the tested samples, which influences the degradation rate, the fibers were more degraded than the other two plastic shapes. UV-A was slightly more effective at degrading the MPs than UV-C. These findings show that ultraviolet radiation in combination with an elevated temperature affects the structure of polymers in wastewater bio-solids, which can accelerate their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Hossein Hashemi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran; (S.S.A.P.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Luka Škrlep
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.Š.); (B.M.)
| | - Branka Mušič
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.Š.); (B.M.)
| | - Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
- Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrijana Sever Škapin
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.Š.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Polymer Technology—FTPO, Ozare 19, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
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Tanjung M, Jannah R. Effectivity of Gel Derived from Degumming Silkworm Cocoon Waste for Skin Pigmentation. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:607-614. [PMID: 38334153 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.607.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The trash produced by boiling silkworm cocoons during the degumming process still retains useful amino acids, such as sericin and fibroin, that can repair skin damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. This study seeks to examine the impact of utilising degumming silkworm cocoons (DSC) gel, derived from boiling waste, on the healing process of rat skin that has been subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as the determination of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely the positive control, avobenzone, the group without avobenzone and DSC gel and the administration of DSC gel at 20, 40 and 60% for 14 days. The research used 25 male rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>). Skin tissue was prepared for microscopical examination using the paraffin method combined with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The data were analyzed statistically with the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the <i>post hoc</i> Duncan's test. Non-parametric data were carried out by the Kruskal Wallis test and continued with the Mann Whitney test. <b>Results:</b> The degumming silkworm cocoons (DSC) gel had a fairly high SPF value with an extra protection category of 7.10 at a concentration of 60%. The DSC gel had the potential to accelerate the recovery of skin as observed by the test subjects showing no wrinkles and redness. An increase in epithelial thickness and a decrease in melanocyte cells were also obtained from the treatment. Increasing the concentration of DSC gel also improved the skin recovery exposed to ultraviolet light. <b>Conclusion:</b> The effective and efficient concentration of cocoon degumming waste gel is 40-60%. The ability of silkworm cocoon degumming waste to rejuvenate UV-exposed skin suggests its future application as a topical preparation for promoting skin health.
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11
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Nouri N, Iravani P, Abtahi‐Naeini B. Sun protection behaviors among children aged 6-18 years old, the role of socioeconomic factors: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1727. [PMID: 38028698 PMCID: PMC10663172 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Evaluation of sun protection behavior and related factors in children aged between 6 and 18 years in Isfahan, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient pediatric clinics affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran during the summer of 2021. A checklist was designed, and the interviewer used that to gather the required information including children's demographic characteristics, families' socioeconomic data, and sun-protective behaviors in children. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of children was 10.54 ± 3.61. Among the study population, 63.7% of children were male. The most common skin phototypes were II and III (33.5% each). 83.8% of children used at least one method of sun protection (94.5% of girls, 77.6% of boys, p < 0.001). Wearing long-sleeved clothes was the most frequent UV-protection method (48%), while sunscreen application was the least prevalent method (28.1%). Sun protection behaviors were more frequent among urban children (86.7%, p = 0.009) and children with wealthy families (94%, p = 0.035). Sun protection methods were used by most of the children whose mothers applied sunscreen on a daily basis (90.2%, p = 0.002) and all of the children whose mothers held a master's degree or above (100%, p = 0.004). Conclusion Children's sun protection behavior is directly associated with demographic characteristics, families' socioeconomic level and maternal usage of sun protection measures. It is necessary to provide information and education about sun protection methods and the risks of excessive sun exposure to families and children, as well as facilitate their access to these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Nouri
- School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Parisa Iravani
- Pediatrics Department, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Bahareh Abtahi‐Naeini
- Pediatric Dermatology Division of Pediatric Department, Imam Hossein Children's HospitalIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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12
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Leanse LG, Marasini S, dos Anjos C, Dai T. Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a 'Light' at the End of the Tunnel? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1437. [PMID: 37760734 PMCID: PMC10525303 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the increases in microorganisms that express a multitude of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the global population has reached critical levels. The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has further contributed to the influx of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which has placed significant pressure on healthcare systems. For over a century, the potential for light-based approaches targeted at combatting both cancer and infectious diseases has been proposed. They offer effective killing of microbial pathogens, regardless of AMR status, and have not typically been associated with high propensities of resistance development. To that end, the goal of this review is to describe the different mechanisms that drive AMR, including intrinsic, phenotypic, and acquired resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the different light-based approaches, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), antimicrobial blue light (aBL), and ultraviolet (UV) light, will be discussed as potential alternatives or adjunct therapies with conventional antimicrobials. Lastly, we will evaluate the feasibility and requirements associated with integration of light-based approaches into the clinical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G. Leanse
- Health and Sports Sciences Hub, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Sanjay Marasini
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Carolina dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
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13
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Cohen L, Brodsky MA, Zubair R, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Sadeghpour M. Cutaneous interaction with visible light: What do we know? J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:560-568. [PMID: 32289393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Visible light has been used therapeutically in dermatology for years for a variety of cosmetic and medical indications, including skin rejuvenation and the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, among others. Until recently, visible light was thought to be relatively inert compared to its spectral neighbors, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. However, recent literature has described the ability of visible light to cause erythema in light skin and pigmentary changes in individuals with darker skin types. Concern surrounding its potentially damaging cutaneous effects has been raised in both the medical community and social media outlets. In this article, we provide an evidenced-based review describing what is currently known about visible light, focusing on its role in dermatologic diseases including disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Raheel Zubair
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Wood MN, Soltis J, Sullivan KE, Probst T. UV irradiance effects on komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) vitamin D3, egg production, and behavior: A case study. Zoo Biol 2023; 42:683-692. [PMID: 37584298 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to UV irradiance for indoor housed herpetofauna can affect behavior and physiology. Low ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance can result in vitamin D3 deficiency resulting in calcium metabolism disorders including metabolic bone disease and immune suppression. High UVB can result in skin and eye issues, which can be severe enough to cause shock and death. Using tools available for the assessment of UV light, including Ferguson zones and the UV working tool designed by the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquaria, we redesigned lighting in our indoor komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) habitat to better suit the UV requirements of this species, while studying changes in behavior and physiology. We measured serum vitamin 25-hydroxy D3 values in one male and one female komodo dragon before and after they were housed in indoor and outdoor habitats. We also measured behavior changes in our male komodo as he moved from an outdoor habitat, to an indoor habitat with changing UV irradiance. Our female komodo showed a 98% increase in vitamin D3 values after being moved outdoors, and laid her first clutch of eggs. Our male dragon's vitamin D3 remained consistent 200 days after moving inside. He did show increased activity when higher UV irradiance was available. Importantly, we found the UV lamps we used stopped producing desired UV irradiance within 3.5 months of regular use. We suggest all animal care facilities develop UV monitoring programs to research output and longevity of UVB lamps used in indoor herpetofauna habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Soltis
- Disney's Animal Kingdom®, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA
| | | | - Tom Probst
- Disney's Animal Kingdom®, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA
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15
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Huang BC, Li GF, Ren ZQ, Ji XM, Wang Y, Gu YN, Li JP, Chang RR, Fan NS, Jin RC. Light-Driven Electron Uptake from Nonfermentative Organic Matter to Expedite Nitrogen Dissimilation by Chemolithotrophic Anammox Consortia. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12732-12740. [PMID: 37590181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotosynthetic microorganisms are typically unable to directly utilize light energy, but light might change the metabolic pathway of these bacteria indirectly by forming intermediates such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work investigated the role of light on nitrogen conversion by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) consortia. The results showed that high intensity light (>20000 lx) caused ca. 50% inhibition of anammox activity, and total ROS reached 167% at 60,000 lx. Surprisingly, 200 lx light was found to induce unexpected promotion of the nitrogen conversion rate, and ultraviolet light (<420 nm) was identified as the main contributor. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses revealed that the gene encoding cytochrome c peroxidase was highly expressed only under 200 lx light. 15N isotope tracing, gene abundance quantification, and external H2O2 addition experiments showed that photoinduced trace H2O2 triggered cytochrome c peroxidase expression to take up electrons from extracellular nonfermentative organics to synthesize NADH and ATP, thereby expediting nitrogen dissimulation of anammox consortia. External supplying reduced humic acid into a low-intensity light exposure system would result in a maximal 1.7-fold increase in the nitrogen conversion rate. These interesting findings may provide insight into the niche differentiation and widespread nature of anammox bacteria in natural ecotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Cheng Huang
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Gui-Feng Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Ren
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ye-Nan Gu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing-Peng Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rong-Rong Chang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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16
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Laughery MF, Plummer DA, Wilson HE, Vandenberg BN, Mitchell D, Mieczkowski PA, Roberts SA, Wyrick JJ. Genome-wide maps of UVA and UVB mutagenesis in yeast reveal distinct causative lesions and mutational strand asymmetries. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad086. [PMID: 37170598 PMCID: PMC10324949 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light primarily causes C > T substitutions in lesion-forming dipyrimidine sequences. However, many of the key driver mutations in melanoma do not fit this canonical UV signature, but are instead caused by T > A, T > C, or C > A substitutions. To what extent exposure to the UVB or UVA spectrum of sunlight can induce these noncanonical mutation classes, and the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. Here, we repeatedly exposed wild-type or repair-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to UVB or UVA light and characterized the resulting mutations by whole genome sequencing. Our data indicate that UVB induces C > T and T > C substitutions in dipyrimidines, and T > A substitutions that are often associated with thymine-adenine (TA) sequences. All of these mutation classes are induced in nucleotide excision repair-deficient cells and show transcriptional strand asymmetry, suggesting they are caused by helix-distorting UV photoproducts. In contrast, UVA exposure induces orders of magnitude fewer mutations with a distinct mutation spectrum. UVA-induced mutations are elevated in Ogg1-deficient cells, and the resulting spectrum consists almost entirely of C > A/G > T mutations, indicating they are likely derived from oxidative guanine lesions. These mutations show replication asymmetry, with elevated G > T mutations on the leading strand, suggesting there is a strand bias in the removal or bypass of guanine lesions during replication. Finally, we develop a mutation reporter to show that UVA induces a G > T reversion mutation in yeast that mimics the oncogenic NRAS Q61K mutation in melanoma. Taken together, these findings indicate that UVA and UVB exposure can induce many of the noncanonical mutation classes that cause driver mutations in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian F Laughery
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Dalton A Plummer
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hannah E Wilson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Brittany N Vandenberg
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Debra Mitchell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Piotr A Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Steven A Roberts
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - John J Wyrick
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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17
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Resendiz M, Blanchard D, West GF. A systematic review of the germicidal effectiveness of ultraviolet disinfection across high-touch surfaces in the immediate patient environment. J Infect Prev 2023; 24:166-177. [PMID: 37333872 PMCID: PMC10273798 DOI: 10.1177/17571774231159388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is not yet a consensus regarding the in-use effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) as a supplementary tool for terminal room disinfection. Aims and Objectives To summarize and evaluate literature detailing the germicidal effectiveness of UV-C disinfection on high-touch surfaces in the patient environment. Methods A literature search was carried out utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if intervention included UV-C after standard room disinfection in hospital rooms evaluated microbiologically by surface type. Findings/Results Twelve records met our criteria for inclusion. Studies predominantly focused on terminal disinfection of patient rooms, including five reports carried out in isolation rooms and three studies including operating room (OR) surfaces. Bedrails, remote controls, phones, tray tables, assist rails, floors, and toilets were the most commonly reported surfaces. Across study designs, surfaces, and room types, flat surfaces tended to showcase UV-C effectiveness best, particularly isolation room floors. In contrast, handheld surfaces (i.e., bed controls and assist bars) tended to show reduced efficacies (81-93%). In the OR, complex surfaces similarly demonstrated reduced UV-C effectiveness. Bathroom surfaces demonstrated 83% UV-C effectiveness overall, with surface characteristics uniquely impacted depending on the room type. Isolation room studies tended to include effectiveness comparison with standard treatment, reporting UV-C superiority most of the time. Discussion This review highlights the enhanced effectiveness of UV-C surface disinfection over standard protocols across various study designs and surfaces. However, surface and room characteristics do appear to play a role in the level of bacterial reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Resendiz
- Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dawn Blanchard
- Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gordon F West
- Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
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18
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Dediu D. Ultraviolet light affects the color vocabulary: evidence from 834 languages. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1143283. [PMID: 37333596 PMCID: PMC10273402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that people living in regions with a high incidence of ultraviolet light, particularly in the B band (UV-B), suffer a phototoxic effect during their lifetime. This effect, known as lens brunescence, negatively impacts the perception of visible light in the "blue" part of the spectrum, which, in turn, reduces the probability that the lexicon of languages spoken in such regions contains a word specifically denoting "blue." This hypothesis has been recently tested using a database of 142 unique populations/languages using advanced statistical methods, finding strong support. Here, this database is extended to 834 unique populations/languages in many more language families (155 vs. 32) and with a much better geographical spread, ensuring a much better representativity of the present-day linguistic diversity. Applying similar statistical methods, supplemented with novel piecewise and latent variable Structural Equation Models and phylogenetic methods made possible by the much denser sampling of large language families, found strong support for the original hypothesis, namely that there is a negative linear effect of UV-B incidence on the probability that a language has a specific word for "blue." Such extensions are essential steps in the scientific process and, in this particular case, help increase our confidence in the proposal that the environment (here, UV-B incidence) affects language (here, the color lexicon) through its individual-level physiological effects (lifetime exposure and lens brunescence) amplified by the repeated use and transmission of language across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dediu
- Department of Catalan Philology and General Linguistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Sanchez-Cid C, Keuschnig C, Vogel TM, Larose C. Impact of in situ solar irradiation on snow bacterial communities and functional potential. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023:7128943. [PMID: 37073121 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar regions are increasingly exposed to ultraviolet light due to ozone depletion. Snowpacks contain photochemically-active particles that, when irradiated, can lead to the production and accumulation of reactive species that can induce oxidative stress on snow microorganisms. This could generate a selective pressure on snowpack bacteria. In this study, snow microcosms were buried in a snowpack at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard), either exposed to solar irradiation or incubated in the dark for 10 days, and the bacterial response to solar irradiation was evaluated in situ using a metagenomics approach. Solar irradiation induced a significant decrease of bacterial abundance and richness. Genes involved in glutathione synthesis, sulfur metabolism and multidrug efflux were significantly enriched in the light, whereas genes related to cell wall assembly and nutrient uptake were more abundant in the dark. This is the first study demonstrating the response of snow bacterial communities to solar irradiation in situ and providing insights into the mechanisms involved. Our research shows that polar sun irradiation is sufficiently intense to impose a selective pressure on snow bacteria and supports the concern that increased ultraviolet exposure due to anthropogenic activities and climatic change could drive critical changes in the structure and functioning of snow bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Sanchez-Cid
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5557, UMR INRAe 1418, VetAgro Sup, Écologie Microbienne, équipe BEER, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
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Zhou L, Wu J, Kang T, Wang L, Yuan Y, Jiang L, Yu Y, Xie X, Yin F. Sustainable development of factory aquaculture through automation of ultraviolet parasiticide for the prevention and control of cryptocaryoniasis. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:1372-1380. [PMID: 36453101 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptocaryon irritans infestations on marine teleosts are a considerable burden on factory mariculture. Ultraviolet (UV) light can kill C. irritans under laboratory conditions. However, a rational method for using UV in factory aquaculture to control cryptocaryoniasis has not been developed. This study focused on evaluating the killing effect of UV on protomonts and tomonts of C. irritans and established an automatic UV parasiticide device for the prevention and control of cryptocaryoniasis in marine teleosts. RESULTS The survival rate of protomonts and tomonts decreased with an increase in the UV irradiation dose. All the protomonts and tomonts died within 14 and 24 min, respectively. The lowest UV lethal doses of protomonts and tomonts of C. irritans were 2.0 × 106 and 3.5 × 106 μWs cm-2 , respectively. Exposure of protomonts and tomonts to lethal doses of UV radiation led to shrinkage and severe dissolution of the protoplasm, causing abnormal development of cells. The survival rate of artificially infected Larimichthys crocea (treatment group, group A) was 83.33% at the end of the test (day 14) after disinfection using the automatic UV parasiticide device, whereas that of the control group (group C) was 90.00% (p < 0.05). However, all artificially infected L. crocea without disinfection using the automatic UV parasiticide device (untreated group, group B) died on day 8. CONCLUSION The automation of traditional physical methods conforms to the sustainable development of aquaculture and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of cryptocaryoniasis in mariculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jiankun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Tianjing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Linhua Jiang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youbin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Fishing Vessel and Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Fukuoka H, Gali HE, Bu JJ, Sella R, Afshari NA. Ultraviolet light exposure and its penetrance through the eye in a porcine model. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:172-177. [PMID: 36816219 PMCID: PMC9922635 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the amount of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiance that various layers of the eye receive as sunlight passes through the eye, and to investigate the protective benefits of UV light-blocking contact lenses. METHODS Twenty-four porcine eyes were prepared in one of three ways: isolated cornea, cornea and lens together, or whole eye preparation. UV light irradiance was measured with a UV-A/B light meter before and after the eye preparations were placed over the meter to measure UV light penetration in each eye structure. In the whole eye preparation, a hole was placed in the fovea to measure light as it passed through the vitreous. Subsequently, UV-protective contact lenses were placed over the structures, and UV light penetrance was measured. Measurements of UV light exposure were taken outdoors at various locations and times. RESULTS Cornea absorbed 63.56% of UV light that reached the eye. Cornea and lens absorbed 99.34% of UV light. Whole eye absorbed 99.77% of UV light. When UV-protective contact lenses were placed, absorption was 98.90%, 99.55%, and 99.87%, respectively. UV light exposure was dependent on directionality and time of day, and was greatest in areas of high albedo that reflect significant amounts of light, such as a beach. CONCLUSION Cornea absorbs the majority of UV light that reaches the eye in this model. UV-protective contact lenses reduce UV exposure to the eye. Locations with high albedo expose the eye to higher levels of UV light.
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Downing ST, Mccarty RJ, Guastello AD, Cooke DL, Mcnamara JPH. Assessing the predictors of adaptive and maladaptive Covid-19 preventive behaviours: an application of protection motivation theory. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:460-474. [PMID: 35769017 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2093925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic, reported rates of adherence to adaptive preventive health behaviours during the early wave of the pandemic were suboptimal for reducing the risk of disease spread. Additionally, some have adopted practices with the intention of preventing infection that have harmful consequences. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), consisting of perceived vulnerability, severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy, has been used to predict intentions to engage in behaviours in past pandemics, and can be extended to the COVID-19 outbreak. Three hundred and thirty-three American adults completed a survey in May 2020 through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Ten behaviours recommended by the CDC and WHO and two 'maladaptive' behaviours presented in the media were selected for investigation. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to assess the impacts of demographic variables and PMT constructs on behaviour frequency. Perceived severity and vulnerability were not significant predictors of behaviour frequency. Behaviour specific response efficacy and self-efficacy were significant predictors of 11/12 (odds ratios: 2.70-6.22) and 10/12 (odds ratios: 2.59-4.64) behaviours, respectively. Age, gender, education, political ideology, perceived severity, and perceived vulnerability were generally unimportant predictors. Beliefs about the effectiveness of the behaviour and one's ability to carry out that behaviour consistently seem to be more important in predicting how often someone engages in that behaviour than the perceived dangerousness of COVID-19 and one's believed susceptibility to infection. These results suggest that interventions trying to modulate the likelihood of engaging in preventive behaviours should focus on the effectiveness of these behaviours in reducing risk of spread and the individual's ability to engage in these behaviours frequently rather than the dangerousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the individual's risk of becoming infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Downing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Mccarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Danielle L Cooke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kim HJ, Song WJ. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in foods by emerging technologies: a review. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6887830. [PMID: 36688747 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a representative foodborne pathogen that causes haemorrhagic colitis, bloody diarrhea, and fatal haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Previously, only conventional heat treatment was used to pasteurised food; however, this method decreases food quality, including colour change, denatures proteins, and causes lipid oxidation. Therefore, emerging technologies to inactivate pathogens in food that affect food quality minimally have been researched and developed. This review aims to compile research since 2018 and briefly describe the inactivation mechanisms of emerging technologies such as microwave, radio frequency, ohmic heating, superheated steam, ionising radiation (gamma irradiation, electron beam, and X-rays), high pressure, ultraviolet light, pulsed light, ultrasound, gas treatment, plasma, and combination treatments. Pulsed electric field and electrolysed water were excluded because few research papers were published after 2018. In addition, the shortcomings of emerging technologies in the control of E. coli O157: H7 and the directions for emerging technology research are presented. Taking advantage of emerging technologies with many benefits will significantly improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
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Pedraza Barrera CA, Fuentes JL. Photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties of Cutibacterium acnes ecotypes native to terrestrial subsurface habitats. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad108. [PMID: 37822017 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with skin-protective properties. This study aimed to investigate the photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties against UVB of extracts obtained from Cutibacterium acnes strains. Bacterial growth was measured spectrophotometrically and the constant maximum growth rate (μ) value to each strain, were calculated. In vitro photoprotection efficacy was evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor (SPFespectrophotometric) and critical wavelength (λc). UVB-antigenotoxicity was also evaluated using the SOS Chromotest. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between SPFespectrophotometric and extract concentration and the %GI estimates. Among the studied strains, one showed low (6.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 14.9) and eight showed media (15.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 29.9) UVB photoprotection efficacy. All of them resulted in broad-spectrum (UVA-UVB) photoprotection (λc > 370 nm). In total, two C. acnes ecotypes with different growth rates were evidenced, but the protective metabolites in the extracts were produced without the influence of growth rate. Photoprotective efficacy depended on the extract concentration and was correlated with antigenotoxicity. We demonstrated that C. acnes extracts can be used as sunscreen ingredients that reduce UVB-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Adolfo Pedraza Barrera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (COL0083849), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Calle 9na y carrera 27, Bucaramanga Santander, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (COL0083849), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Calle 9na y carrera 27, Bucaramanga Santander, Colombia
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Huarancca Reyes T, Chiellini C, Barozzi E, Sandoval C, Echeverría C, Guglielminetti L. Exploring the Physiological Multiplicity of Native Microalgae from the Ecuadorian Highland, Italian Lowland and Indoor Locations in Response to UV-B. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential effects of UV-B on the inhibition or activation of protective mechanisms to maintain cells photosynthetically active were investigated in native microalgae. Four strains were used, including two Chlorella sorokiniana strains, F4 and LG1, isolated from a Mediterranean inland swamp and a recycled cigarette butt's substrate, respectively, and two isolates from an Ecuadorian highland lake related to Pectinodesmus pectinatus (PEC) and Ettlia pseudoalveolaris (ETI). Monocultures were exposed to acute UV-B (1.7 W m-2) over 18 h under controlled conditions. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were evaluated at specific time points. Results showed that UV-B significantly compromised all the physiological parameters in F4, thereby resulting in the most UV-B-sensitive strain. Contrarily, UV-B exposure did not lead to changes in the PEC physiological traits, resulting in the best UV-B-resistant strain. This could be attributed to the acclimation to high light habitat, where maintaining a constitutive phenotype (at the photosynthetic level) is strategically advantageous. Differently, LG1 and ETI at 12 h of UV-B exposure showed different UV-B responses, which is probably related to acclimation, where in LG1, the pigments were recovered, and the antioxidants were still functioning, while in ETI, the accumulation of pigments and antioxidants was increased to avoid further photodamage. Consequently, the prolonged exposure in LG1 and ETI resulted in species-specific metabolic regulation (e.g., non-enzymatic antioxidants) in order to constrain full photoinhibition under acute UV-B.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Imae T, Yamashita H, Nakagawa K. An Invisible Skin Marker for External Beam Radiation Therapy: Utilization of Ultraviolet Fluorescent Marker Pens. Cureus 2023; 15:e34347. [PMID: 36865951 PMCID: PMC9974216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an important role in cancer treatment along with surgery and systemic therapy. The total dose of radiation therapy is divided into small doses, and the treatment is typically delivered once a day. The total treatment period can need several weeks or more, and it is necessary to deliver the radiation dose to the target volume within the patient precisely each time. Therefore, the reproducibility of patient positioning is essential for the precision of the dose delivery. Although radiological technologies such as image-guided radiation therapy have also recently been widely used for positioning patients, skin marking is still widely used in many facilities. Skin marking is an inexpensive and universal positioning technique in patients undergoing radiation therapy; however, it is considered a major source of psychological stress. We propose the use of fluorescent ink pens, which are invisible in standard room lighting, as skin markers for radiotherapy. The primary technique of fluorescence emission is widely employed in molecular biological experiments and for assessing cleaning protocols for infection control. This technique may reduce the stress induced by skin markings during radiotherapy.
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Amano S, Yoshikawa T, Ito C, Mabuchi I, Kikuchi K, Ooguri M, Yasuda C. Prediction and association analyses of skin phenotypes in Japanese females using genetic, environmental, and physical features. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13231. [PMID: 36437544 PMCID: PMC9838785 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin characteristics show great variation from person to person and are affected by multiple factors, including genetic, environmental, and physical factors, but details of the involvement and contributions of these factors remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize genetic, environmental, and physical factors affecting 16 skin features by developing models to predict personal skin characteristics. METHODS We analyzed the associations of skin phenotypes with genetic, environmental, and physical features in 1472 Japanese females aged 20-80 years. We focused on 16 skin characteristics, including melanin, brightness/lightness, yellowness, pigmented spots, wrinkles, resilience, moisture, barrier function, texture, and sebum amount. As genetic factors, we selected 74 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes related to skin color, vitamin level, hormones, circulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) components and ECM-degrading enzymes, inflammation, and antioxidants. Histories of ultraviolet (UV) exposure and smoking as environmental factors and age, height, and weight as physical factors were acquired by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS A linear association with age was prominent for increase in the area of crow's feet, increase in number of pigmented spots, decrease in forehead sebum, and increase in VISIA wrinkle parameters. Associations were analyzed by constructing linear regression models for skin feature changes and logistic regression models to predict whether subjects show lower or higher skin measurement values in the same age groups. Multiple genetic factors, history of UV exposure and smoking, and body mass index were statistically selected for each skin characteristic. The most important association found for skin spots, such as lentigines and wrinkles, was adolescent sun exposure. CONCLUSION Genetic, environmental, and physical factors associated with interindividual differences of the selected skin features were identified. The developed models should be useful to predict the skin characteristics of individuals and their age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Amano
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshikawa
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ito
- DYNACOM Co. Ltd., World Business Garden, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikumi Mabuchi
- DYNACOM Co. Ltd., World Business Garden, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kikuchi
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Ooguri
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Yasuda
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Dong G, Ding S, Peng Y. Ultraviolet-Sensitive Properties of Graphene Nanofriction. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4462. [PMID: 36558317 PMCID: PMC9785420 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The friction characteristics of two-dimensional materials in the ultraviolet (UV) radiation environment are important to the reliability of two-dimensional material nano-structures of space equipment. A novel mechanism of UV light-sensitive nano-friction on graphene was proposed by ultraviolet vacuum irradiation modification using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface roughness, adhesion force, and friction of graphene were gradually reduced over a time of irradiation below 3 min. UV185 passes through graphene and causes photochemical reactions between its bottom layer and Si/SiO2 substrate, resulting in hydroxyl, carboxyl, and silanol suspension bonds and sp3-like bonds, which enhances the binding energy of graphene on the substrate and inhibits the out-of-plane deformation resulting in roughness and friction reduction. However, as the irradiation time increased to 5 min, the friction force increased rapidly with the aging effect and the breakdown of sp3-like bonds between the graphene-substrate interface. This study presents a new method of controlling nanofriction on graphene based on UV irradiation-sensitive posterities in vacuum conditions, which is essential to the application of two-dimensional materials in aerospace equipment, to improve anti-aging properties and wear reduction.
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Hirobe T, Enami H. Reduced Elastin Fibers and Melanocyte Loss in Vitiliginous Skin Are Restored after Repigmentation by Phototherapy and/or Autologous Minigraft Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disease characterized by melanocyte death in the human epidermis. However, the mechanism of vitiligo development and repigmentation is largely unknown. Dermal fiber components might play an important role in vitiligo development and repigmentation. Indeed, our preliminary study demonstrated that elastin fibers were decreased in vitiliginous skin, suggesting that the elastin fiber is one of the factors involved in vitiligo development and repigmentation. To confirm our hypothesis, we investigated whether elastin fibers can be restored after treatment using phototherapy and/or autologous skin transplantation. Punch biopsies from 14 patients of stable nonsegmental vitiligo vulgaris were collected from nonlesional, lesional, and repigmented skin, and processed to dopa and combined dopa-premelanin reactions. Melanocytes positive to the dopa reaction and melanoblasts/melanocytes positive to the combined dopa-premelanin reaction were surveyed. Moreover, elastin fibers were detected by Victoria blue staining. Numerous melanocytes and melanoblasts were observed in the epidermis of repigmented skin after the treatment. Moreover, in the dermis of repigmented skin, elastin fibers were completely recovered or even upregulated. These results suggest that melanocyte loss in the vitiliginous skin, as well as melanocyte differentiation in repigmented skin, may be at least in part regulated by elastin fibers in the dermis.
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Sánchez-Bravo P, Noguera-Artiaga L, Gómez-López VM, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Gabaldón JA, Pérez-López AJ. Impact of Non-Thermal Technologies on the Quality of Nuts: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233891. [PMID: 36496699 PMCID: PMC9739324 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuts are widely consumed worldwide, mainly due to their characteristic flavor and texture, ease of consumption, and their functional properties. In addition, consumers increasingly demand natural or slightly processed foods with high quality. Consequently, non-thermal treatments are a viable alternative to thermal treatments used to guarantee safety and long shelf life, which produce undesirable changes that affect the sensory quality of nuts. Non-thermal treatments can achieve results similar to those of the traditional (thermal) ones in terms of food safety, while ensuring minimal loss of bioactive compounds and sensory properties, thus obtaining a product as similar as possible to the fresh one. This article focuses on a review of the main non-thermal treatments currently available for nuts (cold plasma, high pressure, irradiation, pulsed electric field, pulsed light, ultrasound and ultraviolet light) in relation to their effects on the quality and safety of nuts. All the treatments studied have shown promise with regard to the inhibition of the main microorganisms affecting nuts (e.g., Aspergillus, Salmonella, and E. coli). Furthermore, by optimizing the treatment, it is possible to maintain the organoleptic and functional properties of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sánchez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, University of Murcia, 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of AgroFood Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Department of AgroFood Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Vicente M. Gómez-López
- Catedra Alimentos Para la Salud, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José A. Gabaldón
- Catedra Alimentos Para la Salud, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Pérez-López
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-278-622
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Li P, Koziel JA, Macedo N, Zimmerman JJ, Wrzesinski D, Sobotka E, Balderas M, Walz WB, Paris RV, Lee M, Liu D, Yedilbayev B, Ramirez BC, Jenks WS. Evaluation of an Air Cleaning Device Equipped with Filtration and UV: Comparison of Removal Efficiency on Particulate Matter and Viable Airborne Bacteria in the Inlet and Treated Air. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16135. [PMID: 36498208 PMCID: PMC9735963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, improving indoor air quality (IAQ) has become vital for the public as COVID-19 and other infectious diseases can transmit via inhalable aerosols. Air cleaning devices with filtration and targeted pollutant treatment capabilities can help improve IAQ. However, only a few filtration/UV devices have been formally tested for their effectiveness, and little data is publicly available and UV doses comparable. In this research, we upgraded a particulate matter (PM) air filtration prototype by adding UV-C (germicidal) light. We developed realistic UV dose metrics for fast-moving air and selected performance scenarios to quantify the mitigation effect on viable airborne bacteria and PM. The targeted PM included total suspended particulate (TSP) and a coarse-to-fine range sized at PM10, PM4, PM2.5, and PM1. The PM and viable airborne bacteria concentrations were compared between the inlet and outlet of the prototype at 0.5 and 1.0 m3/s (low and high) air flow modes. The upgraded prototype inactivated nearly 100% of viable airborne bacteria and removed up to 97% of TSP, 91% of PM10, 87% of PM4, 87% of PM2.5, and 88% of PM1. The performance in the low flow rate mode was generally better than in the high flow rate mode. The combination of filtration and UV-C treatment provided 'double-barrier' assurance for air purification and lowered the risk of spreading infectious micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Li
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jacek A. Koziel
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Livestock Nutrient Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Nubia Macedo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Danielle Wrzesinski
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erin Sobotka
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mateo Balderas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - William B. Walz
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Myeongseong Lee
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dongjie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bauyrzhan Yedilbayev
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Brett C. Ramirez
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - William S. Jenks
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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He H, Choi Y, Wu SJ, Fang X, Anderson AK, Liou SY, Roberts MC, Lee Y, Dodd MC. Application of Nucleotide-Based Kinetic Modeling Approaches to Predict Antibiotic Resistance Gene Degradation during UV- and Chlorine-Based Wastewater Disinfection Processes: From Bench- to Full-Scale. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15141-15155. [PMID: 36098629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) degradation kinetics in wastewaters during bench- and full-scale treatment with UV light and chlorine─with the latter maintained as free available chlorine (FAC) in low-ammonia wastewater and converted into monochloramine (NH2Cl) in high-ammonia wastewater. Twenty-three 142-1509 bp segments (i.e., amplicons) of seven ARGs (blt, mecA, vanA, tet(A), ampC, blaNDM, blaKPC) and the 16S rRNA gene from antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) strains Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were monitored as disinfection targets by qPCR. Rate constants for ARG and 16S rRNA gene amplicon degradation by UV, FAC, and NH2Cl were measured in phosphate buffer and used to expand and validate several recently developed approaches to predict DNA segment degradation rate constants based solely on their nucleotide contents, which were then applied to model ARG degradation during bench-scale treatment in buffer and wastewater matrixes. Kinetics of extracellular and intracellular ARG degradation by UV and FAC were well predicted up to ∼1-2-log10 elimination, although with decreasing accuracy at higher levels for intracellular genes, while NH2Cl yielded minimal degradation under all conditions (agreeing with predictions). ARB inactivation kinetics varied substantially across strains, with intracellular gene degradation lagging cell inactivation in each case. ARG degradation levels observed during full-scale disinfection at two wastewater treatment facilities were consistent with bench-scale measurements and predictions, where UV provided ∼1-log10 ARG degradation, and chlorination of high-ammonia wastewater (dominated by NH2Cl) yielded minimal ARG degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yegyun Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean J Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xuzhi Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Annika K Anderson
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sin-Yi Liou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Marilyn C Roberts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael C Dodd
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Nguyen TT, He C, Carter R, Ballard EL, Smith K, Groth R, Jaatinen E, Kidd TJ, Nguyen TK, Stockwell RE, Tay G, Johnson GR, Bell SC, Knibbs LD. The Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Irradiation on the Viability of Airborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192013706. [PMID: 36294279 PMCID: PMC9602727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is the predominant bacterial pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and can be transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. Little is known about the ability of ultraviolet band C (UV-C) irradiation to inactivate Pa at doses and conditions relevant to implementation in indoor clinical settings. We assessed the effectiveness of UV-C (265 nm) at up to seven doses on the decay of nebulized Pa aerosols (clonal Pa strain) under a range of experimental conditions. Experiments were done in a 400 L rotating sampling drum. A six-stage Andersen cascade impactor was used to collect aerosols inside the drum and the particle size distribution was characterized by an optical particle counter. UV-C effectiveness was characterized relative to control tests (no UV-C) of the natural decay of Pa. We performed 112 tests in total across all experimental conditions. The addition of UV-C significantly increased the inactivation of Pa compared with natural decay alone at all but one of the UV-C doses assessed. UV-C doses from 246-1968 µW s/cm2 had an estimated effectiveness of approximately 50-90% for airborne Pa. The effectiveness of doses ≥984 µW s/cm2 were not significantly different from each other (p-values: 0.365 to ~1), consistent with a flattening of effectiveness at higher doses. Modelling showed that delivering the highest dose associated with significant improvement in effectiveness (984 µW s/cm2) to the upper air of three clinical rooms would lead to lower room doses from 37-49% of the 8 h occupational limit. Our results suggest that UV-C can expedite the inactivation of nebulized airborne Pa under controlled conditions, at levels that can be delivered safely in occupied settings. These findings need corroboration, but UV-C may have potential applications in locations where people with CF congregate, coupled with other indoor and administrative infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tham Nguyen
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Congrong He
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Robyn Carter
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Emma L. Ballard
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kim Smith
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Robert Groth
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Esa Jaatinen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Kidd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Thuy-Khanh Nguyen
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - George Tay
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Graham R. Johnson
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Scott C. Bell
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Lavorgna TR, Hussein M, Issa PP, Toraih E, Kandil E. Ultraviolet Light Exposure Decreases Thyroid Cancer Risk: A National Perspective. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102452. [PMID: 36289713 PMCID: PMC9598664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light has been reported to have both pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic effects. Since patient pigmentation can influence the role of UV light exposure, we thought to investigate the recent trends in thyroid cancer incidence and survival with an emphasis on patient race and UV exposure. Patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were identified. A total of 284,178 patients were enrolled. Data were stratified according to population sex, race, and state. UV exposure data in Watt-Hours Per Square Meter for the state were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Atlas. Thyroid cancer incidence rate varied by race, ranging from 14.9 cases per 100,000 in Asian or Pacific Islanders and 14.7 per 100,000 in Caucasians, to 8.7 per 100,000 in African American and 8.0 per 100,000 in Native Americans. UV exposure was negatively correlated with thyroid cancer incidence when analyzed across all populations (r = −0.299, p = 0.035). UV exposure was most steeply negatively correlated with thyroid cancer rates in Black populations (r = −0.56, p < 0.001). Despite this, Black men had the worst 5-year survival rate when compared to other ethnic populations. Overall, UV exposure does not increase the risk of thyroid cancer and may serve as a protective factor in the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hussein
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Peter P. Issa
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-2301; Fax: +1-504-988-4762
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Farnood R, Mahmoud H, Gibson J, Mao T, Odegaard C. Generalized Kubelka's theory for light transmission in multilayer materials and its application for UV light penetration in filtering facepiece respirators. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202200068. [PMID: 35771214 PMCID: PMC9350410 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the shortage of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). As a result, the use of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for disinfection and reuse of FFRs has been the topic of much investigation. In this article, a mathematical model is developed based on Kubelka's theory to determine light transmission in multilayer materials, such as N95 masks. Using this model, the predicted UV transmittance and absorbance of a N95 mask layers were found to be in close agreement with the experimental values. In addition, when the mask was exposed to UV equally from both surfaces, the estimated minimum UV irradiance inside the N95 mask was 14.5% of the incident irradiance, suggesting a significant degree of light penetration. The proposed model provides a simple and practical methodology for the design and use of UV decontamination equipment for FFRs and other multilayer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Farnood
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - John Gibson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ted Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- MW Technologies IncLondonOntarioCanada
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Handke W, Gravemann U, Müller TH, Wagner FF, Schulze TJ, Seltsam A. New ultraviolet C light-based method for pathogen inactivation of red blood cell units. Transfusion 2022; 62:2314-2323. [PMID: 36087025 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies for platelet concentrates and plasma are steadily becoming more established, but new PI treatment options for red blood cells (RBCs), the most commonly used blood component, still need to be developed. We present a novel approach to inactivating pathogens in RBC units employing ultraviolet C (UVC) light. METHODS Whole blood-derived leukoreduced RBCs suspended in PAGGS-C, a third generation additive solution, served as test samples, and RBCs in PAGGS-C or SAG-M as controls. Vigorous agitation and hematocrit reduction by diluting the RBCs with additional additive solution during illumination ensured that UVC light penetrated and inactivated the nine bacteria and eight virus species tested. Bacterial and viral infectivity assays and in vitro analyses were performed to evaluate the system's PI capacity and to measure the RBC quality, metabolic, functional, and blood group serological parameters of UVC-treated versus untreated RBCs during 36-day storage. RESULTS UVC treatment of RBCs in the PAGGS-C additive solution did not alter RBC antigen expression, but significantly influenced some in vitro parameters. Compared to controls, hemolysis was higher in UVC-treated RBC units, but was still below 0.8% at 36 days of storage. Extracellular potassium increased early after PI treatment and reached ≤70 mmol/L by the end of storage. UVC-treated RBC units had higher glucose and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels than controls. CONCLUSION As UVC irradiation efficiently reduces the infectivity of relevant bacteria and viruses while maintaining the quality of RBCs, the proposed method offers a new approach for PI of RBC concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Handke
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Nuremberg, Germany
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Azarpeykan S, Gee EK, Thompson KG, Dittmer KE. Undetectable vitamin D 3 in equine skin irradiated with ultraviolet light. J Equine Sci 2022; 33:45-49. [PMID: 36196139 PMCID: PMC9522623 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D requirements for most animals are expected to be fulfilled through daily
exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet B radiation. The synthesis of vitamin
D3 in skin depends on different factors including melanin pigmentation, the
amount of UVB radiation reaching the skin, type of clothing/hair coat, latitude and
altitude, season, and time of day. Alternatively vitamin D2 may be obtained
from UVB irradiated pasture species. Recent studies have shown that in unsupplemented
grazing horses 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 is the predominant form of vitamin D in
plasma, and that 25OHD3 is undetectable suggesting horses may rely on diet to
obtain vitamin D. In order to mimic the natural environment of skin to sunlight exposure,
five equine and two ovine devitalized skin samples were irradiated with 5 J/cm2
of UVB light followed by measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and vitamin
D3 concentrations using reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography
(HPLC). HPLC revealed the presence of 7-DHC in the skin of both horses and sheep. Vitamin
D3 was undetectable in both ovine and equine skin prior to irradiation, but
after irradiation with UVB light, ovine skin showed an increase in vitamin D3
concentration (mean 0.16 ± 0.07 µg/g), whereas vitamin D3 was undetectable in
equine skin. These results provide additional evidence that horses make negligible
quantities of vitamin D3 in their skin after exposure to UVB light and may
therefore rely on their diet as a primary source of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azarpeykan
- School of Veterinary Science, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Erica K Gee
- School of Veterinary Science, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Keith G Thompson
- School of Veterinary Science, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Keren E Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Science, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Abstract
Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of skin aging includes the role of ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared, pollution, cigarette smoke and other environmental exposures. The mechanism of action common to these exposures is the disruption of the cellular redox balance by the directly or indirectly increased formation of reactive oxygen species that overwhelm the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, resulting in an oxidative stress condition. Altered redox homeostasis triggers downstream pathways that contribute to tissue oxinflammation (cross-talk between inflammation and altered redox status) and accelerate skin aging. In addition, both ultraviolet light and pollution increase intracellular free iron that catalyzes reactive oxygen species generation via the Fenton reaction. This disruption of iron homeostasis within the cell further promotes oxidative stress and contributes to extrinsic skin aging. More recent studies have demonstrated that iron chelators can be used topically and can enhance the benefits of topically applied antioxidants. Thus, an updated, more comprehensive approach to environmental or atmospheric aging protection should include sun protective measures, broad spectrum sunscreens, antioxidants, chelating agents, and DNA repair enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Farris
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Saguti F, Churqui MP, Kjellberg I, Wang H, Ottoson J, Paul C, Bergstedt O, Norder H, Nyström K. The UV Dose Used for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Sweden Inadequately Inactivates Enteric Virus with Double-Stranded Genomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:8669. [PMID: 35886521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation with ultraviolet light (UV) at 254 nm is effective in inactivating a wide range of human pathogens. In Sweden, a UV dose of 400 J/m2 is often used for the treatment of drinking water. To investigate its effect on virus inactivation, enteric viruses with different genomic organizations were irradiated with three UV doses (400, 600, and 1000 J/m2), after which their viability on cell cultures was examined. Adenovirus type 2 (double-stranded DNA), simian rotavirus 11 (double-stranded RNA), and echovirus 30 (single-stranded RNA) were suspended in tap water and pumped into a laboratory-scale Aquada 1 UV reactor. Echovirus 30 was reduced by 3.6-log10 by a UV dose of 400 J/m2. Simian rotavirus 11 and adenovirus type 2 were more UV resistant with only 1-log10 reduction at 400 J/m2 and needed 600 J/m2 for 2.9-log10 and 3.1-log10 reductions, respectively. There was no significant increase in the reduction of viral viability at higher UV doses, which may indicate the presence of UV-resistant viruses. These results show that higher UV doses than those usually used in Swedish drinking water treatment plants should be considered in combination with other barriers to disinfect the water when there is a risk of fecal contamination of the water.
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40
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Hafezi F, Hillen M, Kollros L, Tan J, Awwad ST. A New Postoperative Regimen after CXL and PRK Using Topical NSAID and Steroids on the Open Ocular Surface. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4109. [PMID: 35887874 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelium removal during photorefractive keratotomy (PRK), TransPRK, or corneal cross-linking (CXL) means that patients experience pain and inflammation after the procedure, which need to be carefully managed with topical drug regimens. One highly effective class of topical analgesics is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but these must be used carefully, as their use has been associated with delayed re-epithelialization and, in rare cases, corneal melting. However, our clinical experience has been that the concomitant use of topical corticosteroids obviates this risk. Here, we present a mechanistic explanation for our observations, our TransPRK and epithelium-off CXL protocols, and the postoperative medication regimens where topical NSAIDs are used in combination with topical steroid therapy during the first two postoperative days (where pain and inflammation levels are the highest). We detail the results of a single-center retrospective case analysis that examined eyes that underwent TransPRK (n = 301) or epithelium-off CXL (n = 576). Topical NSAID use in the first two postoperative days to control pain and inflammation after PRK/TransPRK or epithelium-off CXL, when used in combination with topical steroid therapy, does not appear to be associated with corneal melting or delayed epithelial healing. This approach may represent an improvement over current methods of handling post-surgical pain in procedures that require corneal epithelial debridement.
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Lee Y, Song MJ, Park JH, Shin MH, Kim MK, Hwang D, Lee DH, Chung JH. Histone deacetylase 4 reverses cellular senescence via DDIT4 in dermal fibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4653-4672. [PMID: 35680564 PMCID: PMC9217707 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from lysine chains on histones and other proteins and play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation and aging. Previously, we demonstrated that HDAC4 is consistently downregulated in aged and ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated human skin in vivo. Cellular senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest induced by various stressors. To elucidate the potential role of HDAC4 in the regulation of cellular senescence and skin aging, we established oxidative stress- and UV-induced cellular senescence models using primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). RNA sequencing after overexpression or knockdown of HDAC4 in primary HDFs identified candidate molecular targets of HDAC4. Integrative analyses of our current and public mRNA expression profiles identified DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) as a critical senescence-associated factor regulated by HDAC4. Indeed, DDIT4 and HDAC4 expressions were downregulated during oxidative stress- and UV-induced senescence. HDAC4 overexpression rescued the senescence-induced decrease in DDIT4 and senescence phenotype, which were prevented by DDIT4 knockdown. In addition, DDIT4 overexpression reversed changes in senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and aging-related genes, suggesting that DDIT4 mediates the reversal of cellular senescence via HDAC4. Collectively, our results identify DDIT4 as a promising target regulated by HDAC4 associated with cellular senescence and epigenetic skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dyer JM, Foy VM. Revealing The Unseen: A Review of Wood's Lamp in Dermatology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2022; 15:25-30. [PMID: 35783566 PMCID: PMC9239119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In use for over a century, the Wood's lamp is a time-tested tool to aid in the diagnosis of certain superficial infections, pigmentary disorders, and metabolic diseases. To achieve its high utility, the Wood's lamp projects ultraviolet light onto the skin which in turn reflects a visible light that a trained eye can use to diagnose and monitor multiple dermatological ailments. Although new alternatives to Wood's lamp have been considered, it still remains a favored method of diagnosis because it is safe, cost-effective, and reliable. In this review, the authors explore the myriad applications of Wood's lamp in the field of dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dyer
- Dr. Dyer is Clinical Assistant Professor at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Suwanee, Georgia
| | - Valerie M Foy
- Ms. Foy is a medical student at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ma C, Huang R, Huangfu X, Ma J, He Q. Light- and H 2O 2-Mediated Redox Transformation of Thallium in Acidic Solutions Containing Iron: Kinetics and Mechanistic Insights. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5530-5541. [PMID: 35435677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The redox transformation between the oxidation states of thallium (Tl(I) and Tl(III)) is the key to influencing its toxicity, reactivity, and mobility. Dissolved iron (Fe) is widely distributed in the environment and coexists at a high level with Tl in acidic mine drainages (AMDs). While ultraviolet (UV) light and H2O2 can directly (by inducing Tl(III) reduction) and indirectly (by inducing Fe(III) to form reactive intermediates) impact the redox cycles of Tl in Fe(III)-containing solutions, the kinetics and mechanism remain largely unclear. This study is the first to investigate the UV light- and H2O2-mediated Tl redox kinetics in acidic Fe(III) solutions. The results demonstrate that UV light and H2O2 could directly reduce Tl(III) to Tl(I), with the extent of reduction dependent on the presence of Fe(III) and the solution pH. At pH 3.0, Tl(I) was completely oxidized to Tl(III), which can be ascribed to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from the Fe(III) photoreduction or Fe(III) reaction with H2O2. The kinetics of Tl(I) oxidation were strongly affected by the Fe(III) concentration, pH, light source, and water matrix. Kinetic models incorporating Tl redox kinetics with Fe redox kinetics were developed and satisfactorily interpreted Tl(III) reduction and Tl(I) oxidation under the examined conditions. These findings emphasize the roles of the UV light- and H2O2-driven Fe cycles in influencing the redox state of Tl, with implications for determining its mobility and fate in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ruixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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44
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Heriot W, Wong VH, He Z, Hoang A, Lim JK, Nishimura T, Zhao D, Metha AB, Bui BV. Effect of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine and short wavelength light on in vivo retinal function and structure in mouse eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35483117 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2067471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine can lead to both acute and chronic changes to both retinal structure and function. BACKGROUND Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have the potential for retina toxicity. The acute impact of short-term drug exposure (2-4 weeks) on in vivo retinal structure and function and assess whether short wavelength light exposure further exacerbates any structural and functional changes was assessed in a murine model. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 J mice received intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or hydroxychloroquine (10 mg/kg) 3 times per week for 2 or 4 weeks, or chloroquine for 4 weeks (10 mg/kg). Over this period, animals were exposed to room light (8 hours) or short-wavelength light 4 hours per day (4 hours of normal room light) for 5 days each week. Retinal changes were assessed using electroretinography (ERG), in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. RESULTS Short-term low-dose HCQ and CQ treatment led to RPE thickening and elongation of photoreceptors. These structural changes were associated with a no dysfunction in the case of HCQ treatments and widespread functional changes (photoreceptor sensitivity, bipolar cell amplitude and oscillatory potential amplitude) in the case of CQ treatment. Exposure to low intensity short-wavelength light does not appear to alter the effect of HCQ or CQ. CONCLUSIONS HCQ and CQ treatment has acute effects on both retinal structure and function, effects that were not exacerbated by short wavelength light exposure. Whether chronic short wavelength light exposure exacerbates these changes require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Heriot
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vickie Hy Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremiah Kh Lim
- Optometry and Vision Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Tomoharu Nishimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Da Zhao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew B Metha
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Stoneley M, Harvey RF, Mulroney TE, Mordue R, Jukes-Jones R, Cain K, Lilley KS, Sawarkar R, Willis AE. Unresolved stalled ribosome complexes restrict cell-cycle progression after genotoxic stress. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1557-1572.e7. [PMID: 35180429 PMCID: PMC9098122 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the translation surveillance mechanism known as ribosome-associated quality control, the ASC-1 complex (ASCC) disassembles ribosomes stalled on the mRNA. Here, we show that there are two distinct classes of stalled ribosome. Ribosomes stalled by translation elongation inhibitors or methylated mRNA are short lived in human cells because they are split by the ASCC. In contrast, although ultraviolet light and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induce ribosome stalling by damaging mRNA, and the ASCC is recruited to these stalled ribosomes, we found that they are refractory to the ASCC. Consequently, unresolved UV- and 4NQO-stalled ribosomes persist in human cells. We show that ribosome stalling activates cell-cycle arrest, partly through ZAK-p38MAPK signaling, and that this cell-cycle delay is prolonged when the ASCC cannot resolve stalled ribosomes. Thus, we propose that the sensitivity of stalled ribosomes to the ASCC influences the kinetics of stall resolution, which in turn controls the adaptive stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stoneley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Robert F Harvey
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Thomas E Mulroney
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ryan Mordue
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Rebekah Jukes-Jones
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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Salar FJ, Domínguez-Perles R, García-Viguera C, Fernández PS. Ifs and buts of non-thermal processing technologies for plant-based drinks' bioactive compounds. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2022:10820132221094724. [PMID: 35440183 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221094724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits contain a variety of bioactive nutrients and non-nutrients that are associated with health promotion. Consumers currently demand foods with high contents of healthy compounds, as well as preserved natural taste and flavour, minimally processed without using artificial additives. Processing alternatives to be applied on plant-based foodstuffs to obtain beverages are mainly referred to as classical thermal treatments that although are effective treatments to ensure safety and extended shelf-life, also cause undesirable changes in the sensory profiles and phytochemical properties of beverages, thus affecting the overall quality and acceptance by consumers. As a result of these limitations, new non-thermal technologies have been developed for plant-based foods/beverages to enhance the overall quality of these products regarding microbiological safety, sensory traits, and content of bioactive nutrients and non-nutrients during the shelf-life of the product, thus allowing to obtain enhanced health-promoting beverages. Accordingly, the present article attempts to review critically the principal benefits and downsides of the main non-thermal processing alternatives (High hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultraviolet light, and ultrasound) to set up sound comparisons with conventional thermal treatments, providing a vision about their practical application that allows identifying the best choice for the sectoral industry in non-alcoholic fruit and vegetable-based beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salar
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.,Calidad y Evaluación de Riesgos en Alimentos, Unidad Asociada CSIC -UPCT
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.,Calidad y Evaluación de Riesgos en Alimentos, Unidad Asociada CSIC -UPCT
| | - Pablo S Fernández
- Department of Ingeniería Agrónomica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.,Calidad y Evaluación de Riesgos en Alimentos, Unidad Asociada CSIC -UPCT
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47
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Guo L, Zou Z, Smeets R, Kluwe L, Hartjen P, Gosau M, Henningsen A. Attachment and Osteogenic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Non-Thermal Plasma and UV Light Treated Titanium, Zirconia and Modified PEEK Surfaces. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15062225. [PMID: 35329678 PMCID: PMC8950369 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light and non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment are chairside methods that can efficiently improve the biological aging of implant material surfaces caused by customary storage. However, the behaviors of stem cells on these treated surfaces of the implant are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UV light and NTP treated surfaces of titanium, zirconia and modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK, BioHPP) on the attachment and osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro. Machined disks were treated using UV light and argon or oxygen NTP for 12 min each. Untreated disks were set as controls. DPSCs were cultured from the wisdom teeth of adults that gave informed consent. After 24 h of incubation, the attachment and viability of cells on surfaces were assessed. Cells were further osteogenically induced, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected via a p-Nitrophenyl phosphate assay (day 14 and 21) and mineralization degree was measured using a Calcium Assay kit (day 21). UV light and NTP treated titanium, zirconia and BioHPP surfaces improved the early attachment and viability of DPSCs. ALP activity and mineralization degree of osteoinductive DPSCs were significantly increased on UV light and NTP treated surfaces of titanium, zirconia and also oxygen plasma treated Bio-HPP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, UV light and NTP treatments may improve the attachment of DPSCs on titanium, zirconia and BioHPP surfaces. Osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs can be enhanced on UV light and NTP treated surfaces of titanium and zirconia, as well as on oxygen plasma treated Bio-HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.); (M.G.)
- Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ziang Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.); (M.G.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.); (M.G.)
- Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Philip Hartjen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.); (M.G.)
- Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Anders Henningsen
- Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Private Practice ELBE MKG, 22587 Hamburg, Germany
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Neidigh N, Alexander A, van Emmerik P, Higgs A, Plack L, Clem C, Cater D, Marozkina N, Gaston B. Photolytic Measurement of Tissue S-Nitrosothiols in Rats and Humans In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:1294. [PMID: 35209089 PMCID: PMC8877821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols are labile thiol-NO adducts formed in vivo primarily by metalloproteins such as NO synthase, ceruloplasmin, and hemoglobin. Abnormal S-nitrosothiol synthesis and catabolism contribute to many diseases, ranging from asthma to septic shock. Current methods for quantifying S-nitrosothiols in vivo are suboptimal. Samples need to be removed from the body for analysis, and the S-nitrosothiols can be broken down during ex vivo processing. Here, we have developed a noninvasive device to measure mammalian tissue S-nitrosothiols in situ non-invasively using ultraviolet (UV) light, which causes NO release in proportion to the S-nitrosothiol concentration. We validated the assay in vitro; then, we applied it to measure S-nitrosothiols in vivo in rats and in humans. The method was sensitive to 0.5 µM, specific (did not detect other nitrogen oxides), and was reproducible in rats and in humans. This noninvasive approach to S-nitrosothiol measurements may be applicable for use in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Neidigh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Alyssa Alexander
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Parker van Emmerik
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Allison Higgs
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Logan Plack
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Charles Clem
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Daniel Cater
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadzeya Marozkina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
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Cheng F, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Qu J. Non-Negligible Effects of UV Irradiation on Transformation and Environmental Risks of Microplastics in the Water Environment. J Xenobiot 2021; 12:1-12. [PMID: 35076549 DOI: 10.3390/jox12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in environmental media, and their harmful effects on MPs on the ecosystem have attracted more and more attention. Once released into the environment, MPs can trigger oxidative degradation through ultraviolet (UV) to cause photoaging. Photoaging significantly affects the properties of MPs, which leads to changing their environmental behaviors and increasing environmental risks. In this review, the generation of MPs under UV irradiation and the influence of environmental factors on the photoaging of MPs were discussed. Photoaging of MPs is an important process affecting the migration, transformation and interaction of pollutants in water and soil. In order to fully predict the fate and environmental interaction of MPs, more researches are needed in the future to explore the photoaging behavior of different types of MPs under natural environmental conditions.
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50
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Taylor SC, Alexis AF, Armstrong AW, Chiesa Fuxench ZC, Lim HW. Misconceptions of photoprotection in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:S9-S17. [PMID: 34942293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial sunlight is the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the sun and reaches Earth's surface. It encompasses 3 major components: UV radiation (290-400 nm), visible light (400-700 nm), and infrared radiation. The deleterious effects of UV radiation have been appreciated for decades, particularly among those with light skin tones (Fitzpatrick skin types I-II) who primarily manifest with burns of varying degrees of severity with sun exposure. In recent years, studies have increasingly shown the negative impact of visible light on skin health, particularly in individuals with skin of color (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI), including the exacerbation of hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, as well as induction of the former. Recommendations from medical societies and the US Food and Drug Administration for photoprotection have been evolving along with the knowledge base. Yet, misconceptions about skin damage related to sunlight and the benefits of photoprotection (particularly among those with Fitzpatrick skin types V-VI) are still prevalent among both clinicians and patients. Among patients with skin of color, disorders of hyperpigmentation and other consequences from sun exposure have been associated with impaired skin health and negative burden on quality of life. This review summarizes currently available evidence of the impact of both UV and visible wavelengths and the low utilization of photoprotection measures among people with skin of color, with the goal of providing recommendations to help educate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Andrew F Alexis
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - April W Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zelma C Chiesa Fuxench
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
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