1
|
Pavela G, Smith T, McDonald V, Bryan L, Riddle R. Using behavioral theory to understand partisan differences in COVID-19 vaccination and booster intentions. J Behav Med 2024; 47:169-183. [PMID: 37659004 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for two COVID-19 vaccines. Two years later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that more than 250 million individuals had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Despite the large numbers of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, partisan differences surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine emerged, creating a potential challenge for health communications aimed at increasing vaccine uptake. A better understanding of partisan differences in attitudes and intentions towards vaccination may help guide public health strategies aimed at increasing vaccine uptake. To determine whether a commonly used theory of behavioral intentions used to craft public health messages explains partisan differences in intentions. Data were drawn from a national panel of US adults and collected between February 21, 2022, and March 3, 2022, using an online survey (n = 1845). Among respondents identifying as either Democrat or Republican (n = 1466), path analysis models were estimated to test whether partisan differences in vaccination or booster intentions were explained by the theoretical constructs of protection motivation theory (PMT). PMT accounted for approximately half of the covariate-adjusted mean difference in COVID-19 vaccination intentions between Democrats and Republicans, and nearly all the mean difference in booster intentions. Party affiliation indirectly affected intentions via its association with perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, vaccine/booster efficacy, and perceived costs of getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster dose. Compared with Democrats, Republicans may be less likely to get vaccinated or receive a booster dose because of beliefs that they are less susceptible to COVID-19, that the vaccine is less effective, and that vaccination comes with disadvantages. Theories of behavioral intentions can help to identify the underlying theoretical determinants driving behavioral differences between political groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA.
| | - Tamika Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| | - Victoria McDonald
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| | - Leah Bryan
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| | - Robin Riddle
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romli R, Mohd Hashim S, Abd Rahman R, Chew KT, Mohamad EMW, Mohammed Nawi A. Understanding cervical cancer screening motivations from women and health practitioners' perspectives: A qualitative exploration. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 52:101349. [PMID: 38435346 PMCID: PMC10909600 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) screening remains challenging, where the motivational focus towards utilizing CC screening services is rarely highlighted. This study aimed to understand the motivation to undergo CC screening from women and healthcare practitioners' perspectives based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Method This qualitative study used the nominal group technique (NGT) and in-depth interview (IDI), where the NGT participants were healthcare practitioners from various disciplines (n = 12). Nominal group discussions were conducted via Zoom and involved one moderator, facilitator and observer. The IDI was conducted via Google Meet among seven women who had been included based on purposive sampling. All nominal group discussions and interviews were transcribed, verbatim and underwent deductive thematic analysis. Results Healthcare practitioners emphasized input on CC knowledge of epidemiology, risk, etiology, nature, and outcome to encourage motivation. Women underlined their important role in the family, and reducing the negative perception as a motivational focus. Having living example of witnessing the CC patient dying and fear of stigma of cancer could be the driven force to undergo screening. Emphasis on the important of sufficient knowledge and correct the misconceptions towards screening could impart the motivation among women. Conclusions The motivational focus was enriched by the differing perspectives of the healthcare practitioners and women. The findings can guide intervention program development towards enhancing CC screening in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodziah Romli
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Pembantu Perubatan) Alor Setar, Ministry of Health, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Syahnaz Mohd Hashim
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahana Abd Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Teik Chew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Emma Mirza Wati Mohamad
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication (MENTION), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma M, Wu X, Zhao Q, Liu R, Li Q, Guo X, Shen Z, Tarimo CS, Feng Y, Zhao L, Ye B, Wu J, Miao Y. Temporal changes in factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Chinese adults: Repeated nationally representative survey. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101574. [PMID: 38273868 PMCID: PMC10809179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been cited as one of the main obstacles impacting vaccine coverage. However, factors that affect hesitancy may change over time. Understanding these evolving concerns and adapting strategies accordingly are crucial for effectively addressing vaccine hesitancy effectively and promoting public health. We aimed to explore the temporal changes in factors associated with COVID-19 VH during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the dynamic evolution of VH. Methods In August 2022 and February 2023, repeated online surveys were undertaken to collect information from 5378 adults across four regions of China. Multiple linear regression models assessed the influencing factors of COVID-19 VH. The association between protective motive theory (PMT) (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) and VH was evaluated by structural equation modeling (SEM). Results Repeated measures showed that 573 (10.7%) and 1598 (29.7%) of the 5378 participants reported COVID-19 VH in the baseline and follow-up surveys, respectively. Educational levels, chronic disease, history of allergy, COVID-19 infection, and trust in medical staff and vaccine developers were positively associated with COVID-19 VH (P<0.05). The application of SEM revealed that perceived severity, susceptibility, vaccination barriers, and self-efficacy in the PMT directly impacted on VH (P<0.05). In addition, severity, susceptibility, benefits, and barriers had a significant direct effect on self-efficacy as β = 0.113, β = 0.070, β = 0.722, β = -0.516 respectively with P < 0.001. Conclusion The prevalence of COVID-19 VH was relatively low in the baseline survey and much higher in the follow-up survey, with a significant increase in hesitancy rates among mainland Chinese residents. Acknowledging the substantial impact on the shaping of COVID-19 VH, one must consider factors including perceived severity, susceptibility, vaccination barriers, and self-efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Ma
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoman Wu
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Health Management of Chronic Diseases, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Health Management of Chronic Diseases, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Quanman Li
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghong Guo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhanlei Shen
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Clifford Silver Tarimo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Lipei Zhao
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Beizhu Ye
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Yudong Miao
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Health Economy & Health Technology Assessment, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Slavik CE, Chapman DA, Cohen AS, Bendefaa N, Peters E. Clearing the air: evaluating institutions' social media health messaging on wildfire and smoke risks in the US Pacific Northwest. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:379. [PMID: 38317121 PMCID: PMC10840270 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire smoke contributes substantially to the global disease burden and is a major cause of air pollution in the US states of Oregon and Washington. Climate change is expected to bring more wildfires to this region. Social media is a popular platform for health promotion and a need exists for effective communication about smoke risks and mitigation measures to educate citizens and safeguard public health. METHODS Using a sample of 1,287 Tweets from 2022, we aimed to analyze temporal Tweeting patterns in relation to potential smoke exposure and evaluate and compare institutions' use of social media communication best practices which include (i) encouraging adoption of smoke-protective actions; (ii) leveraging numeric, verbal, and Air Quality Index risk information; and (iii) promoting community-building. Tweets were characterized using keyword searches and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. RESULTS 44% of Tweets in our sample were authored between January-August 2022, prior to peak wildfire smoke levels, whereas 54% of Tweets were authored during the two-month peak in smoke (September-October). Institutional accounts used Twitter (or X) to encourage the adoption of smoke-related protective actions (82% of Tweets), more than they used it to disseminate wildfire smoke risk information (25%) or promote community-building (47%). Only 10% of Tweets discussed populations vulnerable to wildfire smoke health effects, and 14% mentioned smoke mitigation measures. Tweets from Washington-based accounts used significantly more verbal and numeric risk information to discuss wildfire smoke than Oregon-based accounts (p = 0.042 and p = 0.003, respectively); however, Tweets from Oregon-based accounts on average contained a higher percentage of words associated with community-building language (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This research provides practical recommendations for public health practitioners and researchers communicating wildfire smoke risks on social media. As exposures to wildfire smoke rise due to climate change, reducing the environmental disease burden requires health officials to leverage popular communication platforms, distribute necessary health-related messaging rapidly, and get the message right. Timely, evidence-based, and theory-driven messaging is critical for educating and empowering individuals to make informed decisions about protecting themselves from harmful exposures. Thus, proactive and sustained communications about wildfire smoke should be prioritized even during wildfire "off-seasons."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Slavik
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Daniel A Chapman
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Alex Segrè Cohen
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nahla Bendefaa
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Ellen Peters
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eitze S, Sprengholz P, Korn L, Shamsrizi P, Felgendreff L, Betsch C. Vicarious experiences of long COVID: A protection motivation theory analysis for vaccination intentions. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100417. [PMID: 38192617 PMCID: PMC10772280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Long COVID can appear as a severe late consequence (sequela) of a COVID-19 infection, leading to the inability to work or participate in social life for an unknown amount of time. To see friends or family struggling with long COVID might influence people's risk perceptions, vaccine efficacy expectations, and self-efficacy perceptions to prevent COVID-19 and its consequences. Methods In an online survey in August 2022, n = 989 German-speaking participants indicated whether they knew someone who suffered from long COVID illness. Four dimensions of protection motivation theory (PMT) were assessed afterwards, as well as vaccination intentions. Results Multiple mediation analysis with participants who knew vs. didn't know someone with long COVID (n = 767) showed that knowing someone with long COVID was associated with higher perceived affective and cognitive risk of long COVID-19 as well as higher perceived vaccine efficacy. Self-efficacy, i.e., the ease to protect oneself against long COVID, was lower in participants who knew long-COVID patients. Indirect positive effects for response efficacy and affective risk suggest that vicarious experience with long COVID is associated with increased intentions to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The protection from long COVID through vaccination are relevant aspects for individual decisions and health communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Eitze
- Health Communication, Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior (IPB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Sprengholz
- Health Communication, Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Germany
| | - Lars Korn
- Health Communication, Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior (IPB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Parichehr Shamsrizi
- Health Communication, Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior (IPB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Felgendreff
- Health Communication, Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Hanover Center for Health Communication, Department of Journalism and Communication Research, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Health Communication, Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior (IPB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lacson JCA, Soto-Torres B, Sutton SK, Doyle SH, Kim Y, Roetzheim RG, Vadaparampil ST, Kanetsky PA. Skin cancer prevention behaviors, beliefs, distress, and worry among hispanics in Florida and Puerto Rico. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2234. [PMID: 37957686 PMCID: PMC10644628 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of skin cancer has been increasing among U.S. Hispanics, who often are diagnosed with larger lesions and at later stage disease. Behaviors to decrease exposure to ultraviolet radiation can reduce risk of skin cancer. We describe skin cancer prevention behaviors and psychosocial variables among Hispanic participants recruited into a skin cancer prevention trial. METHODS Self-reported Hispanic participants from eight primary care clinics in Tampa, Florida and Ponce, Puerto Rico were recruited into a randomized controlled prevention trial. Information on demographics, sun-related behaviors, and psychosocial variables were collected before intervention materials were provided. Multivariable regression models were used to compare baseline sun-related behaviors and psychosocial variables across groups defined by geographic location and language preference. RESULTS Participants reported low levels of intentional outdoor tanning, weekday and weekend sun exposure, and very low levels of indoor tanning. However, only a minority of participants practiced sun-protective behaviors often or always, and about 30% experienced a sunburn in the past year. Participants had low levels of recent worry and concern about skin cancer, modest levels of perceived risk and severity, and high levels of response efficacy and self-efficacy. When comparing across groups defined by geographic location and language preference, English-preferring Tampa residents (hereafter referred to as Tampeños) had the highest proportion who were sunburned (35.9%) and tended toward more risky behavior but also had higher protective behavior than did Spanish-preferring Tampeños or Puerto Ricans. Spanish-preferring Puerto Ricans had higher recent concern about skin cancer, comparative chance of getting skin cancer, and response efficacy compared to either English- or Spanish-preferring Tampeños. Spanish-preferring Tampeños had the highest levels of familism and recent distress about skin cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results mirror previous observations of low levels of sun-protective behavior among U.S. Hispanics compelling the need for culturally appropriate and translated awareness campaigns targeted to this population. Because Hispanics in Tampa and Puerto Rico reported modest levels of perceived risk and severity, and high levels of response efficacy and self-efficacy, interventions aiming to improve skin cancer prevention activities that are anchored in Protection Motivation Theory may be particularly effective in this population subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Charles A Lacson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., MRC 213, Tampa, FL, 33612, US
| | | | - Steven K Sutton
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, US
| | - Scarlet H Doyle
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., MRC 213, Tampa, FL, 33612, US
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, US
| | - Richard G Roetzheim
- Department of Family Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, US
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, US
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., MRC 213, Tampa, FL, 33612, US.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bagambilana FR, Rugumamu WM. Determinants of Farmers' Adaptation Intent And Adoption of Adaptation Strategies To Climate Change And Variability In Mwanga District, Tanzania. Environ Manage 2023; 72:785-804. [PMID: 36914770 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pegged on Protection Motivation Theory, a modified socio-cognitive model of private adaptation to climate change and variability was deployed in order to provide a better understanding of the determinants of small-scale farmers' adaptation intent and adoption of adaptation strategies in semi-arid lowlands of Mwanga District. In this regard, adaptation was conceptualized as a two-step process encompassing farmers' perceptions that climate was changing and farmers' response to changes. Basing on a pragmatic philosophy, a cross-sectional sequential explanatory mixed methods research design was deployed. During the first step-process, categorical data were collected through administration of a closed-ended survey questionnaire to 328 household heads. Binary and proportional odds logistic regressions were run through IBM SPSS (Version 20) in order to analyze categorical data for testing nine (9) null hypotheses. Statistically significant results were established when p values were < 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals. During the second step-process, qualitative data were generated through focus group discussions with 30 participants, in-depth interviews with 16 key informants, and participant observations and subjected to iterative thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that income, village's geographical location, farming system, membership to farmer-based group, competitive price for produce, credit, age, education, and extension service positively influenced farmers' adoption of adaptation strategies while workforce and perceived risk of rain on crop yields negatively influenced farmers' adoption of adaptation strategies. Thus, it was concluded that farmers' adaptation intent and adoption of adaptation strategies in the study area were largely explained by objective adaptive capacity rather than cognitive factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis R Bagambilana
- Department of Agriculture Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - William M Rugumamu
- Department of Geography, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Little GM, Kohl PA, Wardropper CB. Health and Environmental Protective Behavioral Intentions for Reducing Harm from Water Pollutants. Environ Manage 2023; 72:587-597. [PMID: 36869914 PMCID: PMC9984752 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding what motivates people to adopt protective behaviors is important in developing effective risk messaging. Motivations may vary depending on the nature of the risk and whether it poses a personal or impersonal threat. Water pollution creates both personal (human health) and impersonal (environmental) threats, yet few studies have examined people's motivations to protect both personal health and environmental health. Protection motivation theory (PMT) uses four key variables to predict what motivates individuals to protect themselves in relation to a perceived threat. Using data from an online survey (n = 621), we investigated the relationships between PMT variables related to health and environmental protective behavioral intentions related to toxic water pollutants among residents in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, USA. Among PMT variables, high self-efficacy (belief in one's own capacity to carry out certain behaviors) significantly predicted both health and environmental protective behavioral intentions for water pollutants, while perceived severity of the threat was only significant in the environmental behavioral intentions model. Perceived vulnerability and response efficacy (belief that a specific behavior will effectively mitigate the threat) were significant in both models. Education level, political affiliation, and subjective knowledge of pollutants were significant predictors of environmental protective behavioral intentions, but not health protective behavioral intentions. The results of this study suggest that when communicating environmental risks of water pollution, highlighting self-efficacy in messaging is particularly important to promote protective environmental and personal health behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Little
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1139, Moscow, ID, 83844-1139, USA.
| | - Patrice A Kohl
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Chloe B Wardropper
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1139, Moscow, ID, 83844-1139, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S Goodwin Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Okati-Aliabad H, Hosseini ES, Sharifabad MAM, Mohammadi M, Ardakani ME, Talebrouhi AH. Photoaging and theory-based intervention to improve sun protection behaviors in students in Zahedan: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:430. [PMID: 37365669 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin cancer. Implementing new technologies and computational algorithms can potentially change the outlook for cancer prevention and facilitate early detection of melanoma, thereby reducing mortality. Mobile technology as a potential provider of health services in delivering health information and conducting interventions, especially in skin fields, where a significant part of diagnosis is based on visual examination, can be important. Evidence showed that constructs of protection motivation theory (PMT) were good predictors of practicing sun protection behaviors in students. This study will investigate whether mobile applications improve safe and healthy behaviors and affect students' reduced UV exposure. METHOD/DESIGN This randomized controlled trial will be conducted on 320 students on 06/04/2022 in Zahedan. We created mobile applications (Sunshine and Skin Health and WhatsApp apps). Sunshine and Skin Health app allows users to see their changed faces in three stages of adolescence, middle age, and old age based on sun protection behavior. The WhatsApp app has 27 health messages based on PMT theory, eight educational files, and a skin cancer clip that will be sent through WhatsApp during a week. Randomization will be performed using a 1:1 (control: intervention) ratio. The primary endpoint is the group difference in sun-protective behaviors and PMT constructs immediately after the intervention. The secondary endpoint is the group difference in sun-protective behaviors and PMT constructs at a 3-month follow-up. The data will be analyzed in SPSS.22, and the significance level will be considered at 0.05. DISCUSSION The present study examines the effectiveness of mobile applications in improving sun-protective behaviors. If this intervention enhances sun protection behaviors, it can prevent students' skin damage. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200924048825N1. Prospectively registered on 8 February 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Okati-Aliabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Esmat Sadat Hosseini
- PhD candidate of Health Education and Health Promotion,, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | | | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hansen MF, Sørensen PK, Sørensen AE, Krogfelt KA. Can protection motivation theory predict protective behavior against ticks? BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1214. [PMID: 37349761 PMCID: PMC10286392 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of reported tick-borne diseases in humans have increased over the past decades. Strategies informing the public about ticks, their associated diseases, and preventive measures are often highlighted as important in limiting pathogen transfer and disease. However, knowledge about the motivation for people to apply preventative measures is sparse. METHODS The aim was to examine if Protection Motivation Theory, a model of disease prevention and health promotion, can predict the use of protective measures against ticks. Ordinal logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used on data from a cross-sectional survey with respondents from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (n = 2658). We examined the effect of (1) the perceived seriousness of tick bites, Lyme borreliosis (LB), and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), and (2) the perceived probability of getting a tick bite, Lyme borreliosis, and tick-borne encephalitis on protection against ticks. Finally, we examined if there was an association between the use of a protective measure and the perceived efficacy of that measure. RESULTS The perceived seriousness of a tick bite and LB significantly predict who is more likely to apply protective measures for all three countries combined. The perceived seriousness of TBE did not significantly predict the level of adoption of protective measures applied by respondents. The perceived likelihood of getting a tick bite within the next 12 months and the perceived likelihood of getting LB if bitten by a tick significantly predicted the application of protective measures. However, the increases in the likelihood of protection were very small. The application of a certain type of protection was always correlated with the perceived efficacy of the same protective measure. CONCLUSION Some variables of PMT may be used to predict the level of adoption of protection applied against ticks and tick-borne diseases. We found that the perceived seriousness of a tick bite and LB significantly predict the level of adoption protection. The perceived likelihood of getting a tick bite or LB also significantly predicted the level of adoption of protection, although the change was very small. The results regarding TBE were less clear. Lastly, there was an association between applying a protective measure and the perceived efficacy of the same measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Frimodt Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, DK-4100 Denmark
| | - Pelle Korsbaek Sørensen
- Research Centre for Health Promotion, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Research and Development, Centre for Nursing, University College Absalon, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anja Elaine Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, DK-4100 Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, DK-4100 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee SY, Shanshan Y, Lwin MO. Are threat perceptions associated with patient adherence to antibiotics? Insights from a survey regarding antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among the Singapore public. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:532. [PMID: 36941561 PMCID: PMC10029286 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health strategies to improve patient adherence to antibiotics rely mostly on raising awareness of the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and improving knowledge about antibiotics. We aimed to evaluate how adherence to antibiotics relates to knowledge and the threat perceptions proposed by the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). METHOD A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in September-December 2020 with 1002 participants aged 21-70 years in Singapore. Two items, which were reverse coded, evaluated adherence to antibiotics: 'how often do you obtain antibiotics that were left over from the previous prescription' and 'how often did you treat yourself with antibiotics in the past year'. Questions about the PMT-related constructs, and knowledge regarding antibiotics and AMR knowledge were also included. Hierarchical regression models were performed at a 5% significance level. RESULTS Adherence to antibiotics was associated with knowledge level (β = 0.073, p < 0.05), education level (β = - 0.076, p < 0.01), and four of the five PMT constructs: "perceived response cost" (β = 0.61, p < 0.01), "perceived response efficacy of adherence to antibiotic" (β = 0.096, p < 0.01), "perceived susceptibility to AMR" (β = 0.097, p < 0.01), and "perceived severity of AMR" (β = - 0.069, p < 0.01). Knowledge about AMR, perceived self-efficacy in adhering to antibiotics, age, and sex were not associated with adherence. CONCLUSIONS In Singapore, patient adherence to antibiotics appear to be driven by the perceived costs of visiting a doctor to obtain antibiotics, followed by perceptions of AMR as a threat and to a lesser extent, knowledge about antibiotics. Public health strategies to mitigate antibiotic misuse should consider these patient barriers to medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu Lee
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Shanshan
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May O Lwin
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Li T, Ge J, Zhou M, Walker AN, Chen J, Zhang T, Zhang K, Gu S, You H. Applying two behavioral theories to predict the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine booster in the elderly: A cross-sectional study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:495-501. [PMID: 36357271 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccination booster can effectively protect the elderly from infection while also lowering the risk of serious illness and death. However, barriers remain in willingness of the elderly to boost vaccination. OBJECTIVE Using the protection motivation theory (PMT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to study the factors that influence willingness of the elderly to get the COVID-19 vaccine booster. METHODS The elderly who visited three randomly selected medical institutions in Nanjing's core urban region between March and April 2022 were chosen as study participants. A face-to-face survey was conducted using purposeful sampling and a self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic characteristics, the elderly's willingness to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine booster, and psychosocial cognitive components based on the PMT and TPB. SmartPLS 3.0 was used to conduct structural equation modeling. RESULTS 214 participants were included in the analysis. The combined model of the two behavioral theories explained the willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine booster well with R2 of 0.490. Self-efficacy (β = 0.315) was the strongest predictor of vaccine booster willingness. Subjective norms (β = 0.160), perceived severity (β = 0.157), and perceived vulnerability (β = 0.159) also showed positive effects on vaccine booster willingness, while response cost (β = -0.143) had a negative effect on the willingness. No significant association between attitudes, response efficacy and the willingness was discovered. CONCLUSION The willingness of the elderly to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster was affected by psychosocial cognitive factors. This study supports the applicability of the PMT and TPB models to interpret the willingness of the elderly in such areas.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zou X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Evans R. Predicting COVID-19 vaccination intentions: the roles of threat appraisal, coping appraisal, subjective norms, and negative affect. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 36732695 PMCID: PMC9893978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new disease, communities possess little natural immunity to COVID-19 and vaccines are considered critical to preventing and reducing the incidence of severe illness. This study, inspired by Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), examines the relationship between citizens' threat appraisal, coping appraisal, subjective norms, negative affect, and their COVID-19 vaccination intentions. METHODS A sample of 340 citizens from two main cities in Mainland China, Xi'an and Wuxi, was used for data analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed with latent and observed variables to test hypotheses. Data were analyzed using AMOS 24.0. RESULTS Several findings extend current understanding. Firstly, our proposed model explains 73% of the variance in vaccination intentions. Secondly, perceived severity only indirectly shapes COVID-19 vaccination intentions through negative affect. Thirdly, negative affect and response costs are negatively related to COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Finally, Perceived probability, subjective norms, response efficacy and self-efficacy are positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intentions; among them, self-efficacy contributes the most, followed by response efficacy and subjective norms, and lastly perceived probability. CONCLUSION Theoretically, this study increases current understanding about subjective norms and affective responses. We provoke a certain amount of thought about the role of affect response in relation to threat appraisal and vaccination intentions. Specifically, governments must be vigilant that citizens' negative affect, such as fear, may cause vaccine hesitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zou
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Journalism and New Media, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Richard Evans
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Downing ST, Mccarty RJ, Guastello AD, Cooke DL, Mcnamara JPH. Assessing the predictors of adaptive and maladaptive Covid-19 preventive behaviours: an application of protection motivation theory. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:460-474. [PMID: 35769017 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2093925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic, reported rates of adherence to adaptive preventive health behaviours during the early wave of the pandemic were suboptimal for reducing the risk of disease spread. Additionally, some have adopted practices with the intention of preventing infection that have harmful consequences. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), consisting of perceived vulnerability, severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy, has been used to predict intentions to engage in behaviours in past pandemics, and can be extended to the COVID-19 outbreak. Three hundred and thirty-three American adults completed a survey in May 2020 through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Ten behaviours recommended by the CDC and WHO and two 'maladaptive' behaviours presented in the media were selected for investigation. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to assess the impacts of demographic variables and PMT constructs on behaviour frequency. Perceived severity and vulnerability were not significant predictors of behaviour frequency. Behaviour specific response efficacy and self-efficacy were significant predictors of 11/12 (odds ratios: 2.70-6.22) and 10/12 (odds ratios: 2.59-4.64) behaviours, respectively. Age, gender, education, political ideology, perceived severity, and perceived vulnerability were generally unimportant predictors. Beliefs about the effectiveness of the behaviour and one's ability to carry out that behaviour consistently seem to be more important in predicting how often someone engages in that behaviour than the perceived dangerousness of COVID-19 and one's believed susceptibility to infection. These results suggest that interventions trying to modulate the likelihood of engaging in preventive behaviours should focus on the effectiveness of these behaviours in reducing risk of spread and the individual's ability to engage in these behaviours frequently rather than the dangerousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the individual's risk of becoming infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Downing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Mccarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Danielle L Cooke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdollahi SZ, Mahmoodabad SSM, Lotfi MH, Ardakani SMY. Development and validation of a questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory to predict cigarette smoking preventive behavior in the Iranian university students. J Educ Health Promot 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 37034859 PMCID: PMC10079177 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1566_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of smoking is very important at a young age and during the student period. Because of the lack of a questionnaire based on the prevention of smoking behavior, this study was conducted to design and standardize a tool according to the protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an analytical cross-sectional study where information and opinions of experts and then designing tools and assessing the face validity in the first phase and content validity, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of questions in the second phase were examined. The initial themes and structures were determined based on the literature Review and the opinion of experts. Three hundred students of Yazd Universities were selected by cluster sampling and included in the study. All analyses were performed in SPSS and AMOS software version 24 with a significance level of less than 5%. RESULTS The final version of the scale had 39 questions in eight dimensions. The overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89, and for each dimension, it was more than 0.7. The content validity ratio and content validity index for the whole tool were 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the latent construct model had good fit (X2/df = 4.31; RMSEA = 0.07; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, a valid and reliable tool based on PMT to predict smoking behavior in students was introduced. This tool can be used in interventional and etiological studies. It also has questions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) virus and can be used in the coronavirus pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salime Zare Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tang S, Liu X, Jia Y, Chen H, Zheng P, Fu H, Xiao Q. Education level modifies parental hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccinations for their children. Vaccine 2023; 41:496-503. [PMID: 36494253 PMCID: PMC9705202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is important to encourage parental acceptance of children's vaccination against COVID-19 to ensure population immunity and mitigate morbidity and mortality. This study drew upon protection motivation theory (PMT) to explore the factors of parental hesitancy about vaccinating their children. A national online survey was performed in China. A total of 2054 Chinese parents of children aged 6-12 years were included in this study. They reported on measures that assessed hesitancy about children's vaccination against COVID-19, PMT constructs (susceptibility, severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response costs) and sociodemographic characteristics. Chinese parents reported a hesitancy rate of 29.4% for children's vaccination. Parents with higher level education were more likely to hesitate to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. After controlling for parents' and children's demographic variables, logistic regression showed that parents' hesitancy about their children's vaccination increased if parents had lower levels of susceptibility, response efficacy or self-efficacy, as well as higher levels of response costs. In addition, a high educational level can significantly increase the promotive effect of response cost and the protective effect of response efficacy on vaccine hesitancy. In conclusion, our findings suggested that PMT can explain parents' vaccine hesitancy and that education level can modify the effect of copying appraisal, but not threat appraisal, on parental hesitancy. This study will help public health officials send targeted messages to parents to improve the rate of COVID-19 vaccination in children aged 6-12 years and thus reach a higher level of immunity in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
| | - Yingnan Jia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China,School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
| | - Pinpin Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China,School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China,School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China; School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Szczuka Z, Siwa M, Abraham C, Baban A, Brooks S, Cipolletta S, Danso E, Dombrowski SU, Gan Y, Gaspar T, Gaspar de Matos M, Griva K, Jongenelis M, Keller J, Knoll N, Ma J, Abdul Awal Miah M, Morgan K, Peraud W, Quintard B, Shah V, Schenkel K, Scholz U, Schwarzer R, Taut D, Tomaino SC, Vilchinsky N, Wolf H, Luszczynska A. Handwashing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study based on protection motivation theory. Soc Sci Med 2023; 317:115569. [PMID: 36436259 PMCID: PMC9677570 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The associations between the number of COVID-19 cases/deaths and subsequent uptake of protective behaviors may reflect cognitive and behavioral responses to threat-relevant information. OBJECTIVE Applying protection motivation theory (PMT), this study explored whether the number of total COVID-19 cases/deaths and general anxiety were associated with cross-situational handwashing adherence and whether these associations were mediated by PMT-specific self-regulatory cognitions (threat appraisal: perceived vulnerability, perceived illness severity; coping appraisal: self-efficacy, response efficacy, response costs). METHOD The study (#NCT04367337) was conducted in March-September 2020 among 1256 adults residing in 14 countries. Self-reports on baseline general anxiety levels, handwashing adherence across 12 situations, and PMT-related constructs were collected using an online survey at two points in time, four weeks apart. Values of COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved twice for each country (one week prior to the individual data collection). RESULTS Across countries and time, levels of adherence to handwashing guidelines were high. Path analysis indicated that smaller numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths (Time 0; T0) were related to stronger self-efficacy (T1), which in turn was associated with higher handwashing adherence (T3). Lower general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence (T3), with this effect mediated by higher response efficacy (T1, T3) and lower response cost (T3). However, higher general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence via higher illness severity (T1, T3). General anxiety was unrelated to COVID-19 indicators. CONCLUSIONS We found a complex pattern of associations between the numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths, general anxiety, PMT variables, and handwashing adherence at the early stages of the pandemic. Higher general anxiety may enable threat appraisal (perceived illness severity), but it may hinder coping appraisal (response efficacy and response costs). The indicators of the trajectory of the pandemic (i.e., the smaller number of COVID-19 cases) may be indirectly associated with higher handwashing adherence via stronger self-efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Szczuka
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities; Aleksandra Ostrowskiego 30b, 50505 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Siwa
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities; Aleksandra Ostrowskiego 30b, 50505 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Charles Abraham
- School of Psychology, Deakin University; 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University; Strada Mihail Kogălniceanu 1, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania.
| | - Sydney Brooks
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick; 90 MacKay Dr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Cipolletta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova; Via Venezia, 8 - 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ebrima Danso
- Medical Research Council Unit - the Gambia at, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; F8F5+XP5, Atlantic Boulevard, Serrekunda, Gambia.
| | - Stephan U. Dombrowski
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick; 90 MacKay Dr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University; No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China.
| | - Tania Gaspar
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical School, University of Lisbon; Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical School, University of Lisbon; Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Konstadina Griva
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University; 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232.
| | - Michelle Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behavior Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne; Redmond Barry Building, Parkville Campus, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jan Keller
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin; Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin; Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinjin Ma
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University; No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China.
| | - Mohammad Abdul Awal Miah
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine; Wisma Chase Perdana Jalan Semantan Damansara Heights 50490 Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Karen Morgan
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine; Wisma Chase Perdana Jalan Semantan Damansara Heights 50490 Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - William Peraud
- Department of Psychology, University of Bordeaux; Amphithéâtre 3 à 12, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Bruno Quintard
- Department of Psychology, University of Bordeaux; Amphithéâtre 3 à 12, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Vishna Shah
- Environmental Health Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT United Kingdom.
| | - Konstantin Schenkel
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich; Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Urte Scholz
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich; Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin; Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Diana Taut
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University; Strada Mihail Kogălniceanu 1, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania.
| | - Silvia C.M. Tomaino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova; Via Venezia, 8 - 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University; Anna and Max Webb and Family Psychology Building, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Hodaya Wolf
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University; Anna and Max Webb and Family Psychology Building, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities; Aleksandra Ostrowskiego 30b, 50505 Wroclaw, Poland; Melbourne Centre for Behavior Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne; Redmond Barry Building, Parkville Campus, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ong AKS, Prasetyo YT, Kusonwattana P, Mariñas KA, Yuduang N, Chuenyindee T, Robas KPE, Persada SF, Nadlifatin R. Determining factors affecting the perceived usability of air pollution detection mobile application "AirVisual" in Thailand: A structural equation model forest classifier approach. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12538. [PMID: 36619460 PMCID: PMC9813733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been evident worldwide. It presented numerous pieces of evidence that affect health-related adverse effects causing diseases and even death and the development of technology has helped monitor the exposure of people to air pollution. This research analyzed factors affecting the perceived usability of air pollution detection on the 'AirVisual' mobile application based on the integrated model of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). A total of 416 participants voluntarily answered a self-administered survey consisting of adapted constructs covering factors such as Performance expectancy (PE), Effort expectancy (EE), Social influence (SI), Facilitating conditions (FC), Habit (HB), Perceived risk (PR), Perceived trust (PT), Intention to use (IU), and Perceived usability (PU). Structural Equation Modeling and Random Forest Classifier were utilized to determine factors affecting perceived usability of the 'AirVisual' mobile application. The results showed that PE, EE, SI, and FC were key factors leading to very high PU among users. Moreover, IU was seen to be the most significant factor affecting PU, followed by PT, PR, and HB. This study is one of the first studies that considered the evaluation of usability among health-related mobile applications covering air pollution. The results and the framework utilized in this model may be applied to evaluate other factors and applications related to health among people. Lastly, this study can also be extended to evaluate other mobile applications worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardvin Kester S. Ong
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Yogi Tri Prasetyo
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines,International Program in Engineering for Bachelor, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan,Corresponding author.
| | - Poonyawat Kusonwattana
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand
| | - Klint Allen Mariñas
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Nattakit Yuduang
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Thanatorn Chuenyindee
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Aviation Management, Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Air Force Academy, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand
| | - Kirstien Paola E. Robas
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Satria Fadil Persada
- Entrepreneurship Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
| | - Reny Nadlifatin
- Department of Information Systems, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Howard D, Klettke B, Clancy E, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Sexting with benefits? Exploration of sexting behaviours through the lens of protection motivation theory. Body Image 2022; 43:301-313. [PMID: 36240694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sexting is a common form of sexual communication that is often considered normative and beneficial despite some research highlighting its negative social, psychological, and legal repercussions. Using protection motivation theory (PMT), this study examines how young adults weigh the pros and cons of sending consensual sexts, sexting under pressure, and deciding against sending sexts, and whether body image dissatisfaction interacts with any of the decision-making processes. In total, 906 participants (554, 61.14% women), aged 18-25 years (M = 21.65, SD = 2.01), completed an online measure of sexting behaviours, body image, and protection motivation. Overall, 71.41% of respondents ever sent a sext. Of those, 45.07% and 36.32% felt pressure to sext or sent a sext because of pressure. Further, 63.90% participants ever considered and decided not to send a sext. All models predicting various sexting behaviours were significant and provided a partial support for the PMT. Body image was a unique predictor of 'pressured' sexting but its interactions with the PMT subscales for pressured sexting and decisions against sexting were non-significant. Our study illustrates the need for increasing young people's self-efficacy and body image to improve their sexting agency and experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Howard
- Deakin University, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Bianca Klettke
- Deakin University, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Clancy
- Deakin University, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Deakin University, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dempster M, O'Connell N, Graham CD, O'Connor C, Zgaga L, Burke E, Mather L, Nicolson G, Barry J, Scally G, Nolan A, Tobin K, Crowley P, Darker CD. Non-adherence to COVID-19 containment behaviours: results from an all-Ireland telephone survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:898. [PMID: 35513803 PMCID: PMC9070967 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 public health measures like handwashing and social distancing can help stem the spread of the virus. Adherence to guidelines varies between individuals. This study aims to identify predictors of non-adherence to social distancing and handwashing guidelines. METHODS A cross-sectional weekly telephone survey was conducted over eight weeks (11/06/2020-05/08/2020). The sample included adults resident on the island of Ireland (75:25 split between ROI and NI). Data were collected on demographics, threat perceptions, fear of COVID-19, response efficacy and self-efficacy, response cost and social norms, COVID-19 behaviours, mood, loneliness, and self-reported health. RESULTS 3011 participants were surveyed. Handwashing non-adherers were more likely to be male (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.4 - 11.3), to have higher levels of loneliness (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1), and higher perceptions of handwashing costs (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.2 - 5.2). Those reporting rarely engaging in social distancing were more likely to be members of lower socioeconomic groups, to be younger (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.98), male (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.5), healthcare workers (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.4), to report lower mood (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.2), were less likely to live in households with people aged under-18 (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9), and to have lower fear of COVID-19 (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Non-adherers to handwashing differ to social distancing non-adherers. Public health messages should target specific demographic groups and different messages are necessary to improve adherence to each behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dempster
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK. .,Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland.
| | - Nicola O'Connell
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Christopher D Graham
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Cliodhna O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Emma Burke
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Luke Mather
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Gail Nicolson
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Joe Barry
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Scally
- School of Medicine, University of Bristol, Tyndall Venue, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Ann Nolan
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, 7-9 Leinster Street South, Dublin, D02 K104, Ireland
| | - Katy Tobin
- School of Medicine, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Philip Crowley
- Quality Improvement, Health Service Executive, Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin, D08 W2A8, Ireland
| | - Catherine D Darker
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee CK, Jung EK, Kang SE, Petrick JF, Park YN. Impact of perception of COVID-19 on NPI, job satisfaction, and customer orientation: Highlighting three types of NPIs for the airline industry. J Air Transp Manag 2022; 100:102191. [PMID: 35125687 PMCID: PMC8803538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2022.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Without vaccines or pharmaceutical treatments for a viral pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as washing hands and wearing masks are likely the most effective ways to control infections at airports and on airplanes. Although the aviation market is a major entry point for viruses, little is known about how flight attendants view the risk of COVID-19 and whether they follow individual-organizational-governmental NPI protocols. Guided by protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975), this study proposed an NPI model tailored specifically to the airline industry and examined how an extended NPI would affect job satisfaction and customer orientation of Korean flight attendants (n = 371). Results revealed that perceptions of COVID-19 are positively related to three types of NPIs, which in turn positively influenced job satisfaction and customer orientation. Given that the examined three types of NPIs had not been paid attention in previous research, the study's proposed conceptual model should better guide the airline industry in protecting its flight attendants with NPI strategies inside and outside aircraft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Ki Lee
- College of Hotel & Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyo Jung
- College of Hotel & Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kang
- Smart Tourism Education Platform, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - James F Petrick
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2261, College Station, TX, 778432261, USA
| | - Yae-Na Park
- Smart Tourism Education Platform, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin H, Chen M, Yun Q, Zhang L, Chang C. Protection motivation theory and smoking quitting intention: findings based on structural equation modelling and mediation analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:838. [PMID: 35473619 PMCID: PMC9044871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although many smoking cessation strategies have been implemented, only a few strategies at the population level are grounded in theory. Even in those interventions based on specific theories, most studies have focused only on the outcome. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of protection motivation theory (PMT) in explaining smoking quitting behaviour among adults, with the goal of providing valuable evidence for further intervention strategies. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were randomly selected on the street from 26 provinces in mainland China. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of the individual PMT constructs. We applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to test how well the PMT constructs predicted intention. A bootstrap test was performed to test the potential mediators. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of all the subscales ranged from 0.71 to 0.74. Greater intentions were significantly associated with higher threat appraisal (Coef. = 0.18, P < 0.01) and coping appraisal (Coef. = 0.24, P < 0.01). Threat appraisal was significantly associated with higher perceived severity and vulnerability but inversely associated with extrinsic rewards and intrinsic rewards. Coping appraisal was significantly associated with higher self-efficacy and response efficacy but inversely associated with response cost. The R2 of quitting intention was 0.12, which means that 12% of quitting intention was predicted by PMT constructs. For threat appraisal, approximately 19.8% of the effects on lower threat appraisal were mediated by higher extrinsic rewards. For coping appraisal, approximately 42.8% of the effects on higher coping appraisal were mediated by higher response efficacy. CONCLUSION This study finds that PMT is a sound theoretical framework for predicting smoking quitting intention among adults. Coping appraisal has a stronger effect than threat appraisal for predicting quitting intention. Mediation analyses confirmed that extrinsic rewards and response efficacy mediated the relationship between PMT constructs and quitting intention. Our findings are essential for understanding quitting behaviour among adults and support more effective smoking cessation activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Lin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Yun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lanchao Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Griffin B, Conner M, Norman P. Applying an extended protection motivation theory to predict Covid-19 vaccination intentions and uptake in 50-64 year olds in the UK. Soc Sci Med 2022; 298:114819. [PMID: 35245755 PMCID: PMC8867961 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To examine the correlates of Covid-19 vaccination intentions and subsequent uptake as outlined in an extended version of protection motivation theory (PMT). Design A two-wave online survey conducted at the start of the vaccination rollout to 50–64 year olds in the UK and three months later. Measures Unvaccinated UK adults (N = 438) aged 50–64 completed baseline measures from PMT (perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, maladaptive response rewards, response efficacy, self-efficacy, response costs, intention) as well as measures of injunctive and descriptive norms, demographics, Covid-19 experiences, and past influenza vaccine uptake. Self-reported uptake of a Covid-19 vaccination was assessed three months later (n = 420). Results The extended PMT explained 59% of the variance in Covid-19 vaccination intentions, after controlling for demographics, Covid-19 experiences, and past influenza vaccine uptake. All extended PMT variables, with the exception of perceived severity and descriptive norms, were significant independent predictors of intention. In line with national figures, 94% of the sample reported having received a Covid-19 vaccination at follow-up with intention found to be the key predictor of uptake. Conclusions Interventions to increase Covid-19 vaccination uptake need to increase intentions to be vaccinated by emphasizing the benefits of vaccination (e.g., in terms of reducing risk) and likely approval from others while also addressing the concerns (e.g., safety issues) and common misperceptions (e.g., natural immunity versus vaccines) that people might have about Covid-19 vaccines. Future research is needed in countries, and on groups, with lower uptake rates.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee Y. How dialogic internal communication fosters employees' safety behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Relat Rev 2022; 48:102156. [PMID: 35068662 PMCID: PMC8767800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As employees return to the workplace amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring safety and health at work remains a top priority for organizations. Grounded in dialogic theory and protection motivation theory, this study examines how dialogic communication, as a type of strategic internal communication, can encourage employees to engage in safety behaviors in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic via heightened efficacy and perceived threat. An online survey of full-time employees of different industries returning to the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic is conducted. Results suggest that the communal relationship of employees with their organization, influenced by dialogic internal communication, fosters their efficacy and perceived threat of COVID-19 in the workplace, which in turn increases their safety behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for public relations and internal communication studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeunjae Lee
- Department of Strategic Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33143, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Misra R, Mahajan R, Singh N, Khorana S, Rana NP. Factors impacting behavioural intentions to adopt the electronic marketplace: findings from small businesses in India. Electron Mark 2022; 32:1639-1660. [PMID: 36034153 PMCID: PMC9395906 DOI: 10.1007/s12525-022-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic has accelerated e-commerce adoption for both consumers and sellers. This study aims to identify factors critical to the adoption of electronic markets (EM) during the pandemic, from the perspective of small sellers in non-metro cities. The research design utilizes core dimensions of the UTAUT model and selected constructs from protection motivation theory; since business closure vulnerability also triggers electronic market adoption. A questionnaire survey method was used to collect data from 150 sellers from tier-II/III cities of India. Study results identified performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and perceived vulnerability as significant determinants of behavioural intention towards adoption of EM. The findings also explain the moderating impact of sellers' awareness of information technology and merchants' age on behavioural outcomes. Given the growing demands from such cities, the research offers insights for marketers to understand the bottlenecks and ways to motivate small sellers to get associated with EMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Misra
- Jaipuria Institute of Management, A-32A, opposite IBM India, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| | - Renuka Mahajan
- Jaipuria Institute of Management, A-32A, opposite IBM India, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Jaipuria Institute of Management, A-32A, opposite IBM India, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| | - Sangeeta Khorana
- Bournemouth University Business School, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB UK
| | - Nripendra P. Rana
- College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laorujisawat M, Wattanaburanon A, Abdullakasim P, Maharachpong N. Protection Motivation Theory and Rabies Protective Behaviors Among School Students in Chonburi Province, Thailand. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:431-440. [PMID: 34875826 PMCID: PMC8655377 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to predict rabies protective behaviors (RPB) based on protection motivation theory (PMT) among fourth-grade students at schools in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used for sample selection. The questionnaire was divided into socio-demographic data and questions related to PMT and RPB. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using the EpiData program and inferential statistics, and the results were tested using the partial least squares model with a significance level of less than 5%. Results In total, 287 subjects were included, of whom 62.4% were girls and 40.4% reported that YouTube was their favorite media platform. Most participants had good perceived vulnerability, response efficacy, and self efficacy levels related to rabies (43.9, 68.6, and 73.2%, respectively). However, 54.5% had only fair perceived severity levels related to rabies. Significant positive correlations were found between RPB and the PMT constructs related to rabies (β, 0.298; p<0.001), and the school variable (S4) was also a predictor of RPB (β, -0.228; p<0.001). Among the PMT constructs, self efficacy was the strongest predictor of RPB (β, 0.741; p<0.001). Conclusions PMT is a useful framework for predicting RPB. Future RPB or prevention/protection intervention studies based on PMT should focus on improving self efficacy and response efficacy, with a particular focus on teaching students not to intervene with fighting animals. The most influential PMT constructs can be used for designing tools and implementing and evaluating future educational interventions to prevent rabies in children.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
South Korea has been evaluated as a country that is responding well to COVID-19. The Government of the Republic of Korea discloses where, when, and by which means of transportation people confirmed to have the virus have visited. Although disclosure of movement has contributed to flattening the curve and providing timely medical service, concerns about privacy infringement have also been raised. This article determines what factors influence privacy risk tolerance, looking specifically at threat severity, vulnerability, response efficacy, and response cost. We also provide implications for the preparation of better countermeasures for the government to implement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- School of Media & Communication, Korea University, Seoul 12841, South Korea
| | - Yoonhyuk Jung
- School of Media & Communication, Korea University, Seoul 12841, South Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Mass Communication, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bottemanne H, Friston KJ. An active inference account of protective behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2021; 21:1117-29. [PMID: 34652601 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Newly emerging infectious diseases, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19), create new challenges for public healthcare systems. Before effective treatments, countering the spread of these infections depends on mitigating, protective behaviours such as social distancing, respecting lockdown, wearing masks, frequent handwashing, travel restrictions, and vaccine acceptance. Previous work has shown that the enacting protective behaviours depends on beliefs about individual vulnerability, threat severity, and one’s ability to engage in such protective actions. However, little is known about the genesis of these beliefs in response to an infectious disease epidemic, and the cognitive mechanisms that may link these beliefs to decision making. Active inference (AI) is a recent approach to behavioural modelling that integrates embodied perception, action, belief updating, and decision making. This approach provides a framework to understand the behaviour of agents in situations that require planning under uncertainty. It assumes that the brain infers the hidden states that cause sensations, predicts the perceptual feedback produced by adaptive actions, and chooses actions that minimize expected surprise in the future. In this paper, we present a computational account describing how individuals update their beliefs about the risks and thereby commit to protective behaviours. We show how perceived risks, beliefs about future states, sensory uncertainty, and outcomes under each policy can determine individual protective behaviours. We suggest that these mechanisms are crucial to assess how individuals cope with uncertainty during a pandemic, and we show the interest of these new perspectives for public health policies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Wong YD, Qi G, Yuen KF. Contactless channel for shopping and delivery in the context of social distancing in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Electron Commer Res Appl 2021; 48:101075. [PMID: 36569978 PMCID: PMC9760203 DOI: 10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Arising from the global COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing has become the new norm that shapes consumers' shopping and consumption activities. In response, the contactless channel (i.e., shopping online, self-collecting and returning parcels via delivery lockers) is ideally positioned to fulfil consumers' shopping/logistics needs while avoiding all unnecessary social interactions. Thus, this study examines the factors that motivate consumers' migration to the contactless channel by viewing consumers' channel choice as both health-related and shopping behaviours. Anchored on the synthesised insights of protection motivation theory and automation acceptance theory, the conceptual framework and a series of hypotheses are proposed. A survey instrument is used for data collection, and the data are analysed using structural equation modelling. Our findings reveal that perceived channel characteristics such as compatibility and trust directly contribute to the relative value of the contactless channel; these characteristics are also correlated where trust perception reinforces compatibility perception. The channel characteristics are further influenced by consumers' perceived susceptibility of COVID-19; that is, susceptibility perception enhances channel compatibility but decreases consumers' trust in the contactless channel. However, the impacts of susceptibility become insignificant with a low level of severity perception, confirming the stage-based conceptualisation of severity. Furthermore, the severity perception of COVID-19 is found to amplify the positive impacts of susceptibility perception but attenuate its negative impact. Our study promotes a deeper integration between the health and service literature and encourages more interdisciplinary studies in this nexus. Considering the practical context of social distancing, our findings suggest a struggle between compatibility perception and trust concern that shapes consumers' behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Department of International Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiik Diew Wong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guanqiu Qi
- Department of International Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum Fai Yuen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Itani OS, Hollebeek LD. Light at the end of the tunnel: Visitors' virtual reality (versus in-person) attraction site tour-related behavioral intentions during and post-COVID-19. Tour Manag 2021; 84:104290. [PMID: 36530603 PMCID: PMC9734089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Consumer behavior is changing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus compelling attraction sites to find new ways of offering safe tours to visitors. Based on protection motivation theory, we develop and test a model that examines key drivers of visitors' COVID-19-induced social distancing behavior and its effect on their intent to use virtual reality-based (vs. in-person) attraction site tours during and post-COVID-19. Our analyses demonstrate that visitor-perceived threat severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy raise social distancing behavior. In turn, social distancing increases (decreases) visitors' intent to use virtual reality (in-person) tours during the pandemic. We find social distancing to boost visitors' demand for advanced virtual tours and to raise their advocacy intentions. Our results also reveal that social distancing has no effect on potential visitors' intent to use virtual reality vs. in-person tours post-the pandemic. We conclude by discussing vital implications that stem from our analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Itani
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Linda D Hollebeek
- Montpellier Business School, University of Montpellier, Montpellier Research in Management, Montpellier, France
- Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Farooq A, Laato S, Islam AKMN, Isoaho J. Understanding the impact of information sources on COVID-19 related preventive measures in Finland. Technol Soc 2021; 65:101573. [PMID: 36540654 PMCID: PMC9754674 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the influence of information reporting on human behavior, as people were forced to quickly adapt to a new health threatening situation by relying on new information. Drawing from protection-motivation and cognitive load theories, we formulated a structural model eliciting the impact of the three online information sources: (1) social media, (2) official websites, and (3) other online news sources; on motivation to adopt recommended COVID-19 preventive measures. The model was tested with the data collected from university employees and students (n = 225) in March 2020 through an online survey and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We observed that social media and other online news sources increased information overload amongst the online information sources. This, in turn, negatively affected individuals' self-isolation intention by increasing perceived response costs and decreasing response efficacy. The study highlights the role of online information sources on preventive behaviors during pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farooq
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Laato
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Finland
| | - A K M Najmul Islam
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Finland
- LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Jouni Isoaho
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ezati Rad R, Mohseni S, Kamalzadeh Takhti H, Hassani Azad M, Shahabi N, Aghamolaei T, Norozian F. Application of the protection motivation theory for predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Hormozgan, Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:466. [PMID: 33685426 PMCID: PMC7938277 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have made it the most important health and social challenge around the world. However, this disease can be largely prevented by adherence to hygienic principles and protective behaviors. It seems that identifying the processes involved in protective health behaviors can be effective in planning and implementing suitable interventions to encourage the community toward protective behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 according to the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months in Hormozgan Province, Iran. The study population consisted of all citizens above the age of 15 years. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire link was available to the participants through social networks. The questionnaire consisted of two sections, including the demographic information and the PMT constructs. All statistical calculations and hypothesis testing were performed in SPSS Version 21 and AMOS Version 21. The significance level was considered to be 0.05 for hypothesis testing. RESULTS A total of 2032 subjects, with the mean age of 34.84 ± 9.8 years (r = 15-98), participated in this study. Most of the participants were 31-40 years old, female (60.4%), married (72%), urban residents (87.3%), and employed (58.8%). The majority of them also had a bachelor's degree or higher (58.8%). Significant positive correlations were observed between the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and the perceived vulnerability (r = 0.192, P < 0.001), perceived severity (r = 0.092, P < 0.001), response efficacy (r = 0.398, P < 0.001), self-efficacy (r = 0.497, P < 0.001), and protection motivation (r = 0.595, P < 0.001). On the other hand, significant negative correlations were found between the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and maladaptive behavior rewards (r = - 0.243, P < 0.001) and perceived costs (r = - 0.121, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present findings showed that maladaptive behavior reward and fear negatively predicted the protective behaviors. On the other hand, response efficacy and self-efficacy positively predicted the protective behaviors; the impact of self-efficacy was the strongest. Overall, the information provided in this study can contribute to health policymaking in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ezati Rad
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Mohseni
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Kamalzadeh Takhti
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassani Azad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nahid Shahabi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Norozian
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Heydari E, Dehdari T, Solhi M. Can adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among seafarers be increased via a theory-based mobile phone-based text message intervention? A randomized clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:134. [PMID: 33446158 PMCID: PMC7807693 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main occupational hazards for seafarers is the long exposure to sunlight. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a mobile phone-based text message intervention in adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among a sample of seafarers in Genaveh port located in Bushehr province, Iran. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 136 seafarers were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention (n = 68) or a control groups (n = 68). As a theoretical basis, we followed the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) variables to develop the text messages. The data related to PMT variables and skin cancer preventive behaviors were collected through a questionnaire. Forty-five text messages were designed, pre-tested and sent to the seafarers' phones in the intervention group in 45 days. Both groups were followed up 1 month after the intervention. Data collected in the two stages were analyzed using paired-samples t-test, ANCOVA, and Chi-square tests. RESULTS Following the intervention, the mean scores of adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors (p = 0.001), perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.01), protection motivation (p = 0.02), and fear (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. There was significant reduction in the response costs (p = 0.05) and perceived rewards (p = 0.01) scores in the intervention group compared with the control group after the intervention. However, there were no significant differences in the perceived vulnerability (p = 0.14), perceived severity (p = 0.09), and response efficacy (p = 0.64) between the two groups after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of mobile phone-based text message intervention for increasing skin cancer preventive behaviors in Iranian seafarers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry for Clinical Trial (the link to trial: https://www.irct.ir/trial/7572 ). Registered 16 July, 2016. Prospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Heydari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dehdari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Solhi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been shown to improve patient outcomes. A widely utilised preliminary screening tool is the faecal immunochemical test (FIT). However, follow-up rates after a positive FIT result remain suboptimal. METHODS In order to improve FIT-positive individuals' compliance to follow-up consultation and to elucidate barriers to action, a simple 5- to 10-min telephone intervention with a structured script based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) was conducted. RESULTS Ninety-two FIT-positive individuals who had previously rejected follow-up consultation in the National University Hospital, Singapore, were interviewed by the study team. Individuals reported barriers to action such as the denial of a positive FIT result (41.8%) and a lack of knowledge (34.5%). More than 20% of the participants who had yet to schedule follow-up consultation changed their minds after the intervention. CONCLUSION The results suggest that a simple, structured telephone call can potentially encourage more FIT-positive individuals to pursue follow-up investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Jianlin Wong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerrald Lau
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, C/O NUHS Tower Block, Level 8 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, C/O NUHS Tower Block, Level 8 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Muzalyova A, Brunner JO. Determinants of the utilization of allergy management measures among hay fever sufferers: a theory-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1876. [PMID: 33287774 PMCID: PMC7720499 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quality of life of chronically ill individuals, such as hay fever sufferers, is significantly dependent on their health behavior. This survey aimed to explain the health-related behavior of allergic individuals using the protection motivation theory (PMT) and the transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods The influencing variables stated by PMT were operationalized based on data from semistructured pilot interviews and a pretest with 12 individuals from the target population. The final questionnaire inquired perceived seriousness and severity of hay fever, response efficacy, response costs, self-efficacy, and the use of various hay fever management measures in relation to the TTM stages. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationships between the PMT constructs and the examined health behavior. Results A total of 569 allergic individuals completed the online questionnaire. Only 33.26% of allergic individuals were in the maintenance stage for treatment under medical supervision, and almost 60% preferred hay fever self-management. A total of 67.56% had a well-established habit of taking anti-allergic medication, but only 25.31% had undergone specific immunotherapy. The likelihood of seeking medical supervision was positively influenced by perceived severity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81), perceived seriousness (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.56–2.89), and self-efficacy (OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 3.11–6.65). The perceived severity of symptoms predicted the practice of hay fever self-management (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.21–2.11), as well as anti-allergic medication intake (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16–2.35). The latter measure was also positively influenced by self-efficacy (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01–2.28) and hay fever self-management (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 2.67–7.49). Undergoing specific immunotherapy was significantly predicted only by medical supervision (OR = 9.80, 95% CI: 8.16–13.80). Allergen avoidance was a strategy used by allergic individuals who preferred hay fever self-management (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.87–3.52) and experienced notable symptom severity (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.60–2.81). Conclusion Educational interventions that increase the awareness of health risks associated with inadequate hay fever management and measures to increase self-efficacy might be beneficial for the promotion of appropriate hay fever management among allergic individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09959-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Muzalyova
- Chair of Health Care Operations/ Health Information Management, UNIKA-T, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 16, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Jens O Brunner
- Chair of Health Care Operations/ Health Information Management, UNIKA-T, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 16, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hassan S. Application of protection motivation theory to diabetic foot care Behaviours in Egypt. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:869-73. [PMID: 33520808 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Foot care behaviours are considered the first line of defense against diabetic foot complications. In general, preventive behaviours are determined by multiple personal, social and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to assess foot care behaviours and their relation to protection motivation theory among a sample of adults with diabetes in Egypt. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about foot care practices and protection motivation theory among a random sample of 300 adults with diabetes attending primary health care units in Egypt. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the foot care behaviours were inadequate amongst the sample(mean 5.13 ± 1.92 out of 11). Three constructs of protection motivation theory predicted the behaviours, namely: self-efficacy (p = 0.015), perceived seriousness (p = 0.013) and intention to adhere to foot care (p = 0.021). On the other hand, intention to adhere to foot care was correlated with higher levels of self-efficacy and perceived seriousness, and to lower levels of perceived barriers. CONCLUSION There was a low level of foot self-care amongst the sample. Health education programs reinforcing the intention to adhere to foot care behaviours can improve foot care practices among people with diabetes through increasing self-efficacy and perceived seriousness and reducing perceived barriers.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sotoudeh A, Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, Vaezi AA, Fattahi Ardakani M, Sadeghi R. Determining Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors in the Light of the Protection Motivation Theory among Sailors in Bandar-Bushehr in the South of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3551-3556. [PMID: 33369451 PMCID: PMC8046327 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in Iran and worldwide. Due to the nature of work, sailors are constantly exposed to the ultraviolet rays of the sun, which in the long run damages their skin and raises the chances of skin cancer. Thus, the present research aimed to predict the skin cancer protective behaviors among sailors in the south of Iran in the light of the protection motivation theory. Materials and Methods: The present analytical, cross-sectional research was conducted on 360 sailors in Bandar-Bushehr selected randomly from 4 border healthcare centers. To collect the required data, a reliable and valid questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory was used. The data were analyzed in SPSS21 using descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant positive correlation between protection motivation, perceived severity, fear, reward on the one hand and a statistically significant negative correlation between protection motivation and rewards and response costs. All constructs of protection motivation explained 43% of the variance of skin cancer protective behaviors. Among the influential predictors, perceived self-efficacy showed to be the strongest (β=0.328). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the protection motivation theory in determining skin cancer preventive behaviors among sailors, it can be concluded that this theory can be used as a framework in planning health education and promotion programs to motivate sailors to adopt more skin cancer protective behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sotoudeh
- Department of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Vaezi
- Department of Nursing, School of of Nursing & AMP, Midwifery, Research Center for Nursing & AMP, Midwifery Care in Family Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, yazd, Iran
| | | | - Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tabe-Ojong MPJ, Boakye JA, Muliro M. Mitigating the impacts of floods using adaptive and resilient coping strategies: The role of the emergency Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty program (LEAP) in Ghana. J Environ Manage 2020; 270:110809. [PMID: 32721293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how households make use of adaptive and resilient coping strategies are steps in the right direction of dealing with disaster risks and extreme weather and climate events. In the recent past, safety nets programs have been quickly scaled up to respond to some of these climate-related and other types of shocks in a bid to improve resilience and restore the productive capacity of households. In Ghana for instance, there has been the flagship Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program from which stemmed an ad-hoc cash grant program, Emergency LEAP which is rolled out to victims of natural disasters like floods, storms, and droughts. Based on the above, this paper analyzes the role of the Emergency LEAP in building the adaptive and resilient nature of households against floods. With insights from an extended version of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the paper hypothesizes that relief assistance has a negative impact on the adoption of risk mitigation measures against floods. The study employs both binary and count data models like the Probit, the Poisson, and the Negative Binomial models respectively to establish the impact of such relief assistance on the adaptive behavior of households.The findings reject the null hypothesis; thus, strengthening the argument that relief assistance has a negative influence on the use of resilient coping strategies. Furthermore, the study establishes that experience in floods increases the resilient nature of households. The study concludes that social safety net programs like the emergency LEAP could perform better if given a renewed focus that transcends beyond just cash benefit to including much better long-term interventions like the integration of community-driven development (CDD) programs as well as inducing behavioral change through information access and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Anima Boakye
- Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Grantham-Allee 20, 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Okuhara T, Okada H, Kiuchi T. Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:S0738-3991(20)30443-2. [PMID: 32863098 PMCID: PMC7442015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral change is the only prevention against the COVID-19 pandemic until vaccines become available. This is the first study to examine the most persuasive message type in terms of narrator difference in encouraging people to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown. METHODS Participants (n = 1,980) were randomly assigned to five intervention messages (from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of an outbreak area) and a control message. Intention to stay at home before and after reading messages was assessed. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey's or Games-Howell test was conducted. RESULTS Compared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants' intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004). CONCLUSION The message from a physician-which conveyed the crisis of overwhelmed hospitals and consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment-increased the intent to stay at home the most. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health professionals and media operatives may be able to encourage people to stay at home by disseminating the physicians' messages through media and the internet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Okuhara
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Okada
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu C, Nicholas S, Wang J. The association between protection motivation and hepatitis b vaccination intention among migrant workers in Tianjin, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1219. [PMID: 32778075 PMCID: PMC7418384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant workers are a susceptible population to the hepatitis b virus (HBV) and a vulnerable spot in China's immunization procedures. There is no free HBV immunization program for migrant workers in China, so understanding migrant workers' motivation to receive the HBV vaccine is the first step in designing effective immunization policies. METHODS A fully specified protection motivation theory (PMT) model of HBV vaccination intention among migrant workers was specified. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 406 migrant workers in three migrant-dense industries in Tianjin, China. Principal component factor analysis was used to produce PMT factors and nested binary logistic regression modeling was applied to assess the associations between protection motivation and HBV vaccination intention of migrant workers. RESULTS The nested binary logistic regression model suggested that the severity factor and self-efficacy factor were positively related to HBV vaccination intention (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.25-3.71; OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.62-4.66) while the response costs was negatively related to the HBV vaccination motivation (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.83). The socio-demographic variables showed that younger, married and good self-rated health status participants were statistically associated with the intention of taking the HBV vaccine. Sex, education level and income group were not significantly associated with vaccination intention. The migrant-industry variables showed that migrant location had a strong effect on migrant workers' vaccination intention. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic, migrant-industry variables and PMT factors (severity, self-efficacy and response costs) were statistically associated with migrant workers' intention to vaccinate. Our results suggest that health policy makers should provide more information to migrants on HBV severity; inform migrant workers on where, when and how to get the HBV vaccine; tap into work organizations as a location for vaccinations; and identify migrant worker subgroups for targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liu
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce, 1 Central Avenue Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh Sydney, NSW, 2015, Australia.,Research Institute for International Strategies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Baiyun Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510420, People's Republic of China.,School of Economics and School of Management, Tianjin Normal University, West Bin Shui Avenue, Tianjin, 300074, China.,Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jian Wang
- Dong Fureng Institute of Economic and Social Development, Wuhan University, No.54 Dongsi Lishi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China. .,Center for Health Economics and Management at School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Roozbahani N, Kaviani AH, Khorsandi M. Path analysis of skin cancer preventive behavior among the rural women based on protection motivation theory. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 32527329 PMCID: PMC7291759 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-00978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the effective factors on the adoption of preventive behaviors capable of reducing the risk of skin cancer is an important step in designing interventions to promote these behaviors. Based on the protection motivation theory, the present study is aimed to conduct a path analysis of skin cancer preventive behaviors in rural women to explore these factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 243 rural women were randomly selected from the west of Iran to receive a valid and reliable questionnaire assessing constructs from the protection motivation theory, as well as demographic information. Fully completed questionnaires were returned by 230 women and the data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and LISREL8.8. RESULTS Concerning skin cancer preventive behaviors, 27.8% of women wore sun-blocking clothing when working under the sun, 21.7% used sunscreen cream, 5.7% wore a cap, and 4.8% used gloves and sunglasses. Protection motivation theory and per capita income explained 51% of motivation variance and 25% of the variance of skin cancer preventive behaviors. The response efficacy construct was the strongest predictor of the motivation of protection (ß = - 0.44, p < 0/001). Per-capita income (ß = - 0.34, p < 0/001) and motivation (ß = - 0.33, p < 0/001) were the strongest predictors of these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that protection motivation theory is efficient in predicting skin cancer preventive behaviors and the interventions can be designed and implemented by this theory. Proper planning is also necessary for promoting these behaviors among people with low per-capita income.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Roozbahani
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
| | - Abdol-Hossain Kaviani
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Khorsandi
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Leigh L, Taylor C, Glassman T, Thompson A, Sheu JJ. A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Factors Related to Emergency Nurses' Motivation to Protect Themselves Against an Ebola Infection. J Emerg Nurs 2020; 46:814-826. [PMID: 32800328 PMCID: PMC7200349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The 2014-2016 West African Ebola outbreak impacted the United States. Owing to the sporadic occurrence of the Ebola infection, there is insufficient research regarding how US emergency nurses provide care to patients potentially infected with the Ebola virus and the nurses’ motivation to protect themselves when providing care to these patients. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of emergency nurses’ protection motivation. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed. A survey developed based on a modified Protection Motivation Theory was administered to randomly selected members of the Emergency Nurses Association. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (as well as post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test), Spearman rho correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression were conducted for data analysis. Results Protection motivation was found in 2 components: proactive and passive protection motivation. Regression analysis indicated that response efficacy (β = 0.27, P < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = 0.17, P < 0.01) significantly predict emergency nurses’ proactive protection motivation, whereas perceived vulnerability (β = 0.26, P < 0.001), response cost (β = 0.19, P = 0.001), and knowledge (β = −0.15, P < 0.01) significantly predict emergency nurses’ passive protection motivation. Discussion The results indicate the need for interventions to improve emergency nurses’ response efficacy, self-efficacy, and knowledge, while simultaneously reducing the nurses’ perceived vulnerability and response cost. Such interventions would be expected to proactively motivate nurses to protect themselves when providing care to patients who exhibit the signs and symptoms of an Ebola infection and reduce their passive protection motivation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children living with chronic but manageable conditions hope for improved therapies or cures, including Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs). Multiple pediatric clinical trials for ATMPs are underway, but the risk profile of ATMPs for chronic conditions is largely unknown and likely different than for terminal pediatric illnesses. Applying Protection Motivation Theory modified to the context of pediatric ATMP clinical trial enrollment, our study analyses information needs of parents of children living with chronic manageable conditions: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) or Inherited Retinal Diseases (IRD). METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 parents of children living with T1D and 14 parents of children living with an IRD about: a) family background and the diagnostic experience; b) awareness of gene and stem cell therapy research and clinical trials for T1D and IRD; c) information sources on trials and responses to that information; d) attitudes to trial participation, including internationally; e) understanding of trial purpose and process; and f) any experiences with trial participation. We then discussed a pediatric ATMP clinical trial information sheet, which we developed with experts. We applied directed qualitative content analysis, based on PMT, to examine the information preferences of parents in deciding whether to enrol their children in stem cell or gene therapy clinical trials. RESULTS Parents balanced trial risks against their child's ability to cope with the chronic condition. The better the child's ability to cope with vision impairment or insulin management, the less likely parents were to assume trial risks. Conversely, if the child struggled with his/her vision loss, parents were more likely to be interested in trial participation, but only if the risks were low and likelihood for potential benefit was high. CONCLUSIONS Fear of adverse events as part of threat appraisal was the predominant consideration for parents in considering whether to enroll their child living with a manageable, chronic condition in a pediatric clinical trial of an ATMP. This consideration outweighed potential benefits and severity of their child's condition. Parents called for available safety data and fulsome communication processes that would enable them to make informed decisions about clinical trial enrolment on behalf of their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-62A Heritage Medical Research Centre (HMRC), 11207 - 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2 Canada
| | - Tania Bubela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall 11328, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Parisi S, Mazigo HD, Kreibich S, Puchner K, Kasang C, Mueller A. Factors associated with relevant knowledge of intestinal schistosomiasis and intention to participate in treatment campaigns: a cross sectional survey among school children at Ijinga Island on Lake Victoria, North-Western Tanzania. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1762. [PMID: 31888548 PMCID: PMC6937638 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) using praziquantel targeting primary school children is the main control strategy against schistosomiasis in Tanzania. However, there are concerns about decreasing participation in mass drug administration among primary school children for unknown reasons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors related to relevant knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intention to participate in mass drug administration among primary school children in order to give recommendations for future projects. METHODS A cross sectional, extended knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted among 356 primary school children aged 5-17 years in February-March 2016 using a pre-tested questionnaire. This survey was part of a baseline assessment for an integrated proof of concept study aiming towards schistosomiasis elimination on Ijinga Island. Outcomes of interest in logistic regression analysis were relevant knowledge and high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic information sources and elements aligned to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). RESULTS Only 17% of the children had relevant intestinal schistosomiasis related knowledge and very few of them knew any of the S. mansoni manifestations and complications. Factors associated with relevant schistosomiasis knowledge were previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis (aOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.1-5.6), having heard about schistosomiasis at school (aOR = 9.94, 95%CI: 5.0-19.7) and being enrolled in 6th or 7th grade (aOR = 3.94, 95%CI: 1.3-11.8). Only 40% of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Factors associated with high intention to participate in MDA were previous diagnosis (aOR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.1-4.7), perceived general risk of disease transmission by lake water (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.0-3.1), perceived own vulnerability of getting infected (aOR = 5.10, 95%CI: 2.1-12.6), perceived danger of the disease (aOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.3-4.8) and the perceived effectiveness of medicaments to cure the disease (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.4-5.7). CONCLUSIONS The minority of the school children had high level of theoretical knowledge about schistosomiasis and a small proportion of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in mass drug administration. In general, practical knowledge on preventive measures such as taking anti-schistosomiasis drug during MDA need to be impacted in school children to increase their participation in the control program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Parisi
- DAHW - German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, Raiffeisenstrasse 3, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Humphrey D. Mazigo
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Parasitology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Saskia Kreibich
- DAHW - German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, Raiffeisenstrasse 3, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Puchner
- DAHW - German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, Raiffeisenstrasse 3, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christa Kasang
- DAHW - German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, Raiffeisenstrasse 3, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Mission Institute, Salvatorstrasse 7, 97067 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mueller
- Medical Mission Institute, Salvatorstrasse 7, 97067 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Mission Hospital, Salvatorstrasse 7, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Glendon AI, Prendergast S. Rank-ordering anti-speeding messages. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 132:105254. [PMID: 31470279 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Further explore the utility of protection motivation theory (PMT) in developing effective roadside anti-speeding messages. METHOD Via an electronic link, 81 participants holding a current Australian driver's license rated all possible pairs of 18 PMT-derived anti-speeding messages in terms of their perceived effectiveness in reducing speed for themselves, and for drivers in general. RESULTS While some messages revealed third-person effects (perceived as being more relevant to drivers-in-general than to self-as-driver), others showed reverse third-person effects (perceived as being more relevant to self-as-driver than to drivers-in-general). Compared with messages based on coping appraisal components, those derived from threat appraisal PMT components (perceived severity, counter-rewards, vulnerability) were rated as being more effective, both for participants themselves as driver, and for drivers-in-general. Compared with females, males reported threat appraisal messages as being more effective for reducing speed in themselves (reverse third-person effect). Aggregate scores for the 18 messages derived from this ipsative methodology correlated modestly with those from a normative study using similarly-worded items. DISCUSSION As jurisdictions globally recognize speeding as a major road safety issue, effective anti-speeding campaigns are essential. Findings added to current knowledge of PMT's efficacy as a basis for generating effective anti-speeding messages and indicated areas for future research and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ian Glendon
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Samantha Prendergast
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ling M, Kothe EJ, Mullan BA. Predicting intention to receive a seasonal influenza vaccination using Protection Motivation Theory. Soc Sci Med 2019; 233:87-92. [PMID: 31195194 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Seasonal influenza vaccination rates are below the recommended targets, contributing to significant preventable harms. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), a widely applied model of motivation to respond to threats, may provide some insights into strategies to increase the rate of vaccine uptake. Yet, previous research has omitted some of the proposed predictors of intention when applying this model to vaccination. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to assess the utility of the PMT in predicting intention to obtain the seasonal influenza vaccine. This study will be the first to examine the role of all six PMT constructs in predicting intention to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. METHOD A cross-sectional study of 547 US residents was conducted using Amazon MTurk. RESULTS All constructs show significant bivariate correlations in the direction expected from the prior literature. Further examination of the theory within a linear regression model, however, found that perceived costs of vaccinating (i.e., response costs) did not uniquely account for variance in intention. All other components, perceived severity of and susceptibility to influenza, the perceived benefits of not vaccinating (i.e., maladaptive response rewards), the self-efficacy to vaccinate, and the perceived efficacy of vaccinating in preventing influenza (i.e., response efficacy) were unique predictors of intention. Overall, the PMT accounted for 62% of the variance in intention to vaccinate. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to investigate influenza vaccination using all six theorised predictors of intention from the PMT. The findings highlight the importance of the simultaneous inclusion of all components of the model in assessing their potential utility as targets for intervention. Importantly, the results identify under-utilised constructs in the promotion of vaccine uptake, such as maladaptive response rewards, which should be considered targets for future intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Ling
- Deakin University, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Emily J Kothe
- Deakin University, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology, Geelong, Australia
| | - Barbara A Mullan
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang Y, Liang J, Yang J, Ma X, Li X, Wu J, Yang G, Ren G, Feng Y. Analysis of the environmental behavior of farmers for non-point source pollution control and management: An integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory. J Environ Manage 2019; 237:15-23. [PMID: 30776770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution in water source protection areas poses serious challenges for governments in developing countries. It is important to consider the environmental behavior of farmers when exploring the causes of NPS pollution as well as when establishing scientific controls and management measures. However, the poor understanding of factors influencing the environmental behavior of farmers and the lack of a suitable environmental socio-psychological model limit the application of the environmental behavior of farmers in NPS pollution management. In this study, we therefore integrated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the protection motivation theory (PMT) to identify the main determinants of the NPS pollution-related environmental behavior and intention of farmers in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. Results indicated that the integrated model provided a better understanding of the environmental behavior and intention of farmers than that provided by each component when used individually, and revealed that farmers perceived that the susceptibility and severity of threats caused by water deterioration influenced environmental intention through the mediating effects of subjective norm and attitude toward adopting pro-environmental behavior. At the same time, the perceived vulnerability of farmers was relatively high and their perceived severity was relatively low. Furthermore, the subjective norm, attitude, self-efficacy (i.e., the perceived behavioral control), and response efficacy positively and significantly influenced intention. However, response cost had a significantly negative effect on intention. Among them, subjective norm had the largest effect on intention. Intention was the key determinant for the actual environmental behavior of farmers, while self-efficacy also had a significantly positive effect on behavior. Managing and controlling agricultural NPS pollution requires a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approach. Therefore, an integrated theoretical framework was developed in this study by integrating TPB and PMT to gain insight into the environmental behaviors and intention of farmers. The results provided a theoretical basis for NPS pollution control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiping Liang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxia Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangxin Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongzhong Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Verkoeyen S, Nepal SK. Understanding scuba divers' response to coral bleaching: An application of Protection Motivation Theory. J Environ Manage 2019; 231:869-877. [PMID: 30419442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are important to the dive experience, suggesting the expected increase in coral bleaching events has the potential to alter global flows of dive tourists. There are a growing number of studies that suggest taking people's estimation of their options and ability to react to a threat into account provides a clearer picture of the decision to respond to a threat. This study applied Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to help understand the motivational factors associated with intended adaptation to coral bleaching. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of threat and coping appraisal variables. This study provided the first empirical evidence of scuba divers' response to marginal reef conditions, indicating that the majority of respondents would significantly alter their behavior in some way. PMT was able to explain between 12.8% and 47.7% of the variance in adaptation intentions, with response efficacy and self-efficacy consistently emerging as the strongest significant predictors. Consideration of multiple adaptation responses demonstrates the variability of model performance and highlights the need to consider the context of adaptation when interpreting results. Implications for future research and the dive tourism industry are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Verkoeyen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sanjay K Nepal
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gidlow CJ, Ellis NJ, Cowap L, Riley V, Crone D, Cottrell E, Grogan S, Chambers R, Clark-Carter D. A qualitative study of cardiovascular disease risk communication in NHS Health Check using different risk calculators: protocol for the RIsk COmmunication in NHS Health Check (RICO) study. BMC Fam Pract 2019; 20:11. [PMID: 30642267 PMCID: PMC6332912 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-018-0897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NHS Health Check is a national cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment programme for 40-74 year olds in England, in which practitioners should assess and communicate CVD risk, supported by appropriate risk-management advice and goal-setting. This requires effective communication, to equip patients with knowledge and intention to act. Currently, the QRISK®2 10-year CVD risk score is most common way in which CVD risk is estimated. Newer tools, such as JBS3, allow manipulation of risk factors and can demonstrate the impact of positive actions. However, the use, and relative value, of these tools within CVD risk communication is unknown. We will explore practitioner and patient CVD risk perceptions when using QRISK®2 or JBS3, the associated advice or treatment offered by the practitioner, and patients' responses. METHODS RIsk COmmunication in NHS Health Check (RICO) is a qualitative study with quantitative process evaluation. Twelve general practices in the West Midlands of England will be randomised to one of two groups: usual practice, in which practitioners use QRISK®2 to assess and communicate CVD risk; intervention, in which practitioners use JBS3. Twenty Health Checks per practice will be video-recorded (n = 240, 120 per group), with patients stratified by age, gender and ethnicity. Post-Health Check, video-stimulated recall (VSR) interviews will be conducted with 48 patients (n = 24 per group) and all practitioners (n = 12-18), using video excerpts to enhance participant recall/reflection. Patient medical record reviews will detect health-protective actions in the first 12-weeks following a Health Check (e.g., lifestyle referrals, statin prescription). Risk communication, patient response and intentions for health-protective behaviours in each group will be explored through thematic analysis of video-recorded Health Checks (using Protection Motivation Theory as a framework) and VSR interviews. Process evaluation will include between-group comparisons of quantitatively coded Health Check content and post-Health Check patient outcomes. Finally, 10 patients with the most positive intentions or behaviours will be selected for case study analysis (using all data sources). DISCUSSION This study will produce novel insights about the utility of QRISK®2 and JBS3 to promote patient and practitioner understanding and perception of CVD risk and associated implications for patient intentions with respect to health-protective behaviours (and underlying mechanisms). Recommendations for practice will be developed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN ISRCTN10443908 . Registered 7th February 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi J. Ellis
- Staffordshire University, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF UK
| | - Lisa Cowap
- Staffordshire University, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF UK
| | - Victoria Riley
- Staffordshire University, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF UK
| | - Diane Crone
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, Cardiff, CF23 6XD UK
| | | | - Sarah Grogan
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester Campus, Bonsall Street, Manchester, M15 6GX UK
| | - Ruth Chambers
- Stoke-on-Trent Clinical Commissioning Group, Smithfield One Building, Stoke-on-Trent, ST1 4FA UK
| | - David Clark-Carter
- Staffordshire University, The Science Centre, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lambers F, van der Veldt W, Prins M, Davidovich U. Changing the odds: motives for and barriers to reducing HCV-related sexual risk behaviour among HIV-infected MSM previously infected with HCV. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:678. [PMID: 30563503 PMCID: PMC6299620 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among HIV-infected MSM who have been treated for HCV infection, the HCV reinfection rate is high. It is therefore essential to understand their perceptions of HCV risk behaviour and risk-reducing strategies. Methods This qualitative study among 20 HCV-infected MSM, the majority treated in the era before direct acting antivirals, provides insight into their ideas, motives, and barriers concerning HCV risk reduction, and aims to strengthen prevention strategies for both primary HCV infection and HCV reinfection. Results The strongest motive to implement risk reduction strategies was the reward of avoiding HCV retreatment and its side effects, but this may change with the current implementation of less burdensome HCV treatment. Also, the sexual risk norms in the MSM scene, including social pressure towards risk-taking, HCV stigma, and non-disclosure of HCV status, all form barriers to safe sex. Drug use, strongly present in the context of clubs and group sex, directly impedes the self-efficacy of men to take risk reduction measures. Conclusions Tailored prevention messages, empowerment of self-efficacy for risk reduction, and more insight into risk behaviour over time are ingredients for effective HCV prevention among these men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Lambers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wendy van der Veldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases (Centre for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Centre (University of Amsterdam), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Udi Davidovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|