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Balochi H, Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Bahri N, Mohammadzadeh F. Applying the theory of planned behavior for prediction of oocyte donation intention among Iranian women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:536. [PMID: 37488475 PMCID: PMC10367235 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oocyte donation is a complex and multifaceted behavior in women. Due to the acute deficiency of donated oocytes, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the desire to donate. Planned behavior theory is a suitable model for explaining and predicting behavior in many behavioral domains. The aim of this study was to predict oocyte donation intention using the theory of planned behavior. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 556 women who were covered by the comprehensive health service centers in Gonabad and Neyshabour cities in 2020. Sampling was performed by the two-step method in Gonabad city and by the convenience sampling method in Neyshabour city. Data were collected online using researcher-made questionnaires included oocyte donation awareness questionnaire and oocyte donation intention questionnaire (based on the TPB constructs). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by face and content validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using hierarchical linear regression. The statistical significance was considered as P < 0.05. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the oocyte donation intention with all constructs of planned behavioral theory (P < 0.050). Planned behavior theory constructs explained 47% of the variance of oocyte donation intention. In addition, constructs of perceived power (β = 0.461), control beliefs (β = 0.154) and normative beliefs (β = 0.125) were the strongest predictors of oocyte donation intention, respectively. CONCLUSION Planning and implementing educational courses according to the constructs of the theory of planned behavior can be a great step toward the elimination of oocyte deficiency and infertility problems. Also performing of intervention or training strategies in the field of oocyte donation requires the enhancement of social norms and perceived behavioral control in the population under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Balochi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadizadeh-Talasaz
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Narjes Bahri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Reed E, Kant T. One donor egg and ‘a dollop of love’: ART and de-queering genealogies in Facebook advertising. FEMINIST THEORY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/14647001211059522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We consider what genealogical links, kinship and sociality are promised through the marketing of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Using a mixed method of formal analysis of Facebook's algorithmic architectures and textual analysis of twenty-eight adverts for egg donation drawn from the Facebook Ad Library, we analyse the ways in which the figure of the ‘fertile woman’ is constituted both within the text and at the level of Facebook's targeted advertising systems. We critically examine the ways in which ART clinics address those women whose eggs they wish to harvest and exchange, in combination with the ways in which Facebook's architecture identifies, and sorts those women deemed of ‘relevance’ to the commercial ART industry. We find that women variously appear in these adverts as empowered consumers, generous girlfriends, potential mothers and essentialised bodies who provide free-floating eggs. The genealogical and fertility possibility offered through ART is represented with banal ambiguity wherein potentially disruptive forms of biogenetic relatedness and arrangements of kinship are derisked by an overarching narrative of simplicity and sameness which excludes men, messy genealogies and explicitly queer forms of kinship. This rationalisation is supported by the simplicity and certainty of the Facebook targeted advertising algorithm which produces a coherent audience and interpellates users as fertile subjects whose choices are both biologically determined and only available through clinical intervention.
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Bracewell-Milnes T, Holland JC, Jones BP, Saso S, Almeida P, Maclaran K, Norman-Taylor J, Nikolaou D, Shah NM, Johnson M, Thum MY. Exploring the knowledge and attitudes of women of reproductive age from the general public towards egg donation and egg sharing: a UK-based study. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2189-2201. [PMID: 34227667 PMCID: PMC8648294 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the knowledge and views of UK-based women towards egg donation (ED) and egg sharing (ES)? SUMMARY ANSWER Lacking knowledge of the practices of ED and ES could be an influential factor in donor egg shortages, rather than negative perceptions or lack of donor anonymity and financial incentives. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The increasing age of women trying to conceive has led to donor egg shortages, with ED and ES failing to meet demand. Indeed, in recent years in the UK, ES numbers have fallen. This results in long waiting lists, forcing patients abroad for fertility treatment to take up cross border reproductive care. Previous research suggests a lack of knowledge of ED among members of the general public; however, no study has yet assessed knowledge or views of ES in the general public. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Six hundred and thirty-five UK-based women over 18 years were voluntarily recruited from social media community groups by convenience sampling. The recruitment period was from February to April 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants completed a previously validated questionnaire regarding female fertility, ED and ES, including knowledge, perceptions and approval of the practices and relevant legislation. This included ranking key benefits and issues regarding egg sharing. The questionnaire was completed using the online Qualtrics survey software. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Regarding knowledge of ED and ES, 56.3% and 79.8%, respectively had little or no prior knowledge. Upon explanation, most approved of ED (85.8%) and ES (70.4%). A greater proportion of respondents would donate to a family member/friend (49.75%) than to an anonymous recipient (35.80%). Overall, ES was viewed less favourably than ED, with ethical and practical concerns highlighted. Women aged 18-30 years were significantly more likely to approve of egg donation practice compared to those aged >30 years (P < 0.0001). Those against ES found fears of financial coercion or negative psychological wellbeing the most concerning. About 35.8% and 49.7% would personally consider anonymous and known ED, respectively, whilst 56.7% would consider ES. Those answering in favour of egg sharing were significantly more likely to give higher benefit ratings compared to those against the practice (P < 0.001). Most agreed (55.8%) with and were not deterred to donate (60.1%) by the 'Disclosure of Donor Identity' legislation. Only 31.6% agreed with the compensatory cap; however, 52.7% would not be more motivated to donate by an increased cap. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There were several limitations of the study, including the use of convenience sampling and the voluntary nature of participation opening the study up to sampling and participation bias. Finally, closed questions were predominantly used to allow the generation of quantitative data and statistical analysis. However, this approach prevented opinion justification and qualitative analysis, limiting the depth of conclusions drawn. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this is the first study to survey the general public's knowledge and views of ED/ES using a previously validated questionnaire. The conclusion that lack of knowledge could be contributing to the current donor shortfall in the UK demonstrates that campaigns to inform women of the practices are necessary to alleviate donor oocyte shortages. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funds were used for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Bracewell-Milnes
- Assisted Conception Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - James C Holland
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Benjamin P Jones
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Srdjan Saso
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Paula Almeida
- Assisted Conception Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kate Maclaran
- Assisted Conception Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nishel M Shah
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Mark Johnson
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.,The Lister Hospital, The Lister Fertility Clinic, London, UK
| | - Meen-Yau Thum
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.,The Lister Hospital, The Lister Fertility Clinic, London, UK
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Moukhah S, Ghorbani B, Behboodi-Moghadam Z, Zafardoust S. Perceptions and experiences of women with premature ovarian insufficiency about sexual health and reproductive health. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33557799 PMCID: PMC7869211 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition with impaired ovarian function that occurred in women before the age of 40. Considering that women with POI are in reproductive age and their fertility and sexual life are afflicted by this disorder directly, the present study aimed to investigate perception and experience of women with POI of sexual and reproductive health (SRH). METHODS This is a qualitative that was implemented based on the conventional content analysis approach. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 women having POI, based on purposeful sampling and continued until data saturation. The participants were women with POI that referred to the three infertility center in Tehran, Iran. The audio recorded data were transcribed verbatim and then analyzed using conventional content analysis based on the method proposed by Zhang and Wildmouth. RESULTS After content analysis of the interviews with a focus on the perception and experience of women with POI of SRH, four main categories emerged i.e. endangerment of women's health, psychological agitation, disruption of social life and disturbance in sexual life. CONCLUSION POI affects different aspects of women SRH (women physical, psychological, social and sexual heath). Therefore, knowledge of patients' concerns by health professionals is helpful to improve service delivery and increasing the effectiveness of treatment interventions by a comprehensive health care attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Moukhah
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Ghorbani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi-Moghadam
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Simin Zafardoust
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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The Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Determinants of Donation Intention: Towards the Comparative Examination of Positive and Negative Reputations of Nonprofit Organizations CEO. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using the extended theory of planned behavior, this study examined individuals’ cognitive and psychological determinants of their intentions to donate to nonprofit organizations (NPOs) with either a positive or negative chief executive officer (CEO) reputation. With the use of online survey data (n = 371), the similarities and differences in the relationships between the determinants were analyzed for the two NPO CEO reputations. To verify the hypotheses, multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The results reveal that for NPOs with positive CEO reputations, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, moral norms, past behavior, and identification had positive effects on the intention to donate. In contrast, for NPOs with negative CEO reputations, subjective norms and identification had positive effects on the intention to donate. Attitude toward the NPO was not related to donation intentions regardless of the CEO’s reputation. These findings suggest the need for strategies to increase the public’s intentions to donate to problematic NPOs with negative reputations. Additionally, a strategy to further strengthen the intention to donate in the case of a positive CEO reputation is proposed. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are also discussed, highlighting important considerations for CEO reputations and NPO management in the short and long terms.
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Goedeke S, Shepherd D, Rodino IS. Support for recognition and payment options for egg and sperm donation in New Zealand and Australia. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:117-129. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION
To what extent do infertility clinic patients, fertility industry professionals and members of the public support different forms of payment and recognition for egg and sperm donation?
SUMMARY ANSWER
While participants expressed support for reimbursement of expenses for both egg and sperm donation, payment constituting explicit financial advantage was regarded less favourably although potentially necessary to address donor gamete shortages.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
In both New Zealand and Australia, commercial inducement for the supply of gametes is prohibited. This prohibition has been argued to contribute to limited availability of donor gametes with the effect of increasing waiting lists and/or the pursuit of potentially unregulated cross-border reproductive care by domestic patients requiring donor gametes.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
The study was a mixed methods study drawing on data from a questionnaire completed by 434 participants from across New Zealand and Australia between November 2018 and March 2019.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Stakeholders involved in donor-assisted conception (past and present infertility patients, gamete recipients and donors), fertility industry professionals and members of the public were recruited following online advertisement of the study. All participants spoke English and primarily identified as Caucasian. Participants anonymously completed an online questionnaire gauging their support for a range of recognition and payment options. Dependent samples t-tests were used to probe for differences in support of recognition and payment options in relation to egg and sperm donation. Linear regression models were used to determine factors predicting support for the different options for both egg and sperm donation. Thematic analysis was used to identify main themes in free text question responses.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Broadly, there was agreement that donors be reimbursed for medical expenses, travel time, unpaid time away from work relating to treatments and out-of-pocket expenses directly related to the gamete donation process, with greater support suggested for egg versus sperm donors. Items gauging support for non-material recognition and tokens of thanks for donations were not significantly different between egg and sperm donation programmes (P > 0.05) nor rated as highly as reimbursement alternatives. Lowest ratings of support were indicated for the outright payment or reward of donors for the supply of their gametes, options that would leave donors in better financial positions. Qualitatively, themes valuing gamete donation as ideally relating to gifting were identified, although counterbalanced in opinion by concepts of fairness in reimbursing gamete donors for their costs. Where payment over and above the reimbursement of costs was supported, this was related to pragmatic considerations of limited supply of donor gametes.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This study used a cross-sectional design and consequently causal inferences cannot be made. Additionally, participants particularly professional fertility staff, were required to self-report on politically sensitive and legal issues with the potential for social desirability response bias. Snowball sampling may have led to participation of like-minded individuals, thus limiting generalizations of findings.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
In a climate of global commercialization of reproductive medicine, limited donor gamete availability and rising incidences of cross-border reproductive care, the findings of this study can be used as a basis for further discussion between regulators and professional industry stakeholders with respect to shaping ethical policy and practice relating to donor conception.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
No external funds were sought for this work. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Goedeke
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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McSweeney B, Allegretti JR, Fischer M, Xu H, Goodman KJ, Monaghan T, McLeod C, Mullish BH, Petrof EO, Phelps EL, Chis R, Edmison A, Juby A, Ennis-Davis R, Roach B, Wong K, Kao D. In search of stool donors: a multicenter study of prior knowledge, perceptions, motivators, and deterrents among potential donors for fecal microbiota transplantation. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:51-62. [PMID: 31122134 PMCID: PMC6973337 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1611153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Stool donors are essential, but difficult to recruit and retain. We aimed to identify factors influencing willingness to donate stool. This multi-center study with a 32-item questionnaire targeted young adults and health care workers via social media and university email lists in Edmonton and Kingston, Canada; London and Nottingham, England; and Indianapolis and Boston, USA. Items included baseline demographics and FMT knowledge and perception. Investigated motivators and deterrents included economic compensation, screening process, time commitment, and stool donation logistics. Logistic regression and linear regression models estimated associations of study variables with self-assessed willingness to donate stool. 802 respondents completed our questionnaire: 387 (48.3%) age 21-30 years, 573 (71.4%) female, 323 (40%) health care workers. Country of residence, age and occupation were not associated with willingness to donate stool. Factors increasing willingness to donate were: already a blood donor (OR 1.64), male, altruism, economic benefit, knowledge of how FMT can help patients (OR 1.32), and positive attitudes towards FMT (OR 1.39). Factors decreasing willingness to donate were: stool collection unpleasant (OR 0.92), screening process invasive (OR 0.92), higher stool donation frequency, negative social perception of stool, and logistics of collection/transporting feces. We conclude that 1) blood donors and males are more willing to consider stool donation; 2) altruism, economic compensation, and positive feedback are motivators; and 3) screening process, high donation frequency, logistics of collection/transporting feces, lack of public awareness, and negative social perception are deterrents. Considering these variables could maximize donor recruitment and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna McSweeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica R. Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Huiping Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, The Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karen J. Goodman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanya Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carmen McLeod
- Nottingham Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine O. Petrof
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmalee L. Phelps
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roxana Chis
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Edmison
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela Juby
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ralph Ennis-Davis
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandi Roach
- Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Wong
- Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dina Kao
- Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,CONTACT Dina Kao Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Platts S, Bracewell-Milnes T, Saso S, Jones B, Parikh R, Thum MY. Investigating attitudes towards oocyte donation amongst potential donors and the general population: a systematic review. HUM FERTIL 2019; 24:169-181. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1602736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Platts
- Imperial College Healthcare Trust, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Timothy Bracewell-Milnes
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Developmental Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Srdjan Saso
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Developmental Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Developmental Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Latifnejad Roudsari R, Jafari H, Taghipour A. The relationship of sociocultural beliefs and infertile couples' attitude toward reproductive donation: A descriptive-correlational study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018; 17. [PMID: 31435614 PMCID: PMC6653494 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i5.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are controversial views on accepting a reproductive donation in the world. Objective This study aimed to determine the relationship between the sociocultural beliefs and infertile couples' attitude toward reproductive donation in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods This descriptive correlational study was conducted out on 115 infertile couples visiting Milad Infertility Center in Mashhad, Iran with using convenience sampling. The research instruments were valid and reliable sociocultural beliefs and attitude questionnaires, which were completed by the respondents on a self-report basis. Results The mean score of attitude toward reproductive donation in infertile women and men was 58.3 ± 12.6 and 57.8 ± 12.0, and the mean score of sociocultural beliefs in infertile women and men was 67.7 ± 11.5 and 67.6 ± 12.4, respectively. There was a direct correlation between sociocultural beliefs and attitude toward reproductive donation in infertile women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001), that is, women and men with a higher score of sociocultural beliefs had a higher score of attitude as well. A direct correlation was also seen between sociocultural beliefs and infertile women and men's public attitude, their attitude towards genetic bound between parents and children, their attitude regarding the issue of confidentiality of the donation process, as well as attitude in relation to oocyte donation, embryo donation, and surrogacy (p < 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest that sociocultural beliefs that surround reproductive donation could influence infertile couple's attitude toward accepting these therapeutic alternatives in infertile couples. It is therefore recommended to take steps to incorporate sociocultural beliefs into the routine care of infertile couples with the help of social media to give them ability for making more pragmatic decision in relation to their chosen options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Social Determinants of Health, Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shepherd L, Kardzhieva D, Bussey L, Lovell B. The role of emotions in predicting sperm and egg donation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Shepherd
- Department of Psychology; Northumbria University
| | | | | | - Brian Lovell
- Department of Psychology; Northumbria University
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11
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Kim H, Youn S, Lee D. The effect of corporate social responsibility reputation on consumer support for cause-related marketing. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS EXCELLENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2017.1332482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuksoo Kim
- Department of Journalism, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Seounmi Youn
- Department of Marketing Communication, Emerson College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doohwang Lee
- Department of Journalism and Communication, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Acharya S, Bryant L, Twiddy M. Altruism or obligation? The motivations and experience of women who donate oocytes to known recipients in assisted conception treatment: an interpretative phenomenological analysis study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 38:4-11. [PMID: 28136000 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2016.1233171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This qualitative study was conducted to explore the motivations and experience of oocyte donors donating to women known to them. METHODS Three women who donated oocytes to a close relative were interviewed and data were analysed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. RESULTS The two key elements noted were "motivations for donation" and "coping with the consequences of oocyte donation". The motivation for donation was influenced by the familial bond that was strengthened by the donation process in some cases. The concept of altruistic oocyte donation stemmed from the narratives of giving the gift of motherhood and gaining a positive self-image and respect from others. Coping with the consequences of oocyte donation tests the donor identity, their wishes for a positive outcome, concerns regarding disclosure of biological motherhood and detachment from the egg and potential child. DISCUSSION Motivation is influenced by a combination of factors including the rewards of altruistic behaviour, the existence and potential strengthening of the relationship between donor and recipient, but possibly also, a sense of obligation and societal expectations. Oocyte donation can be variously viewed by donors as a unique way of reproductive empowerment or an example of acceding to subtle coercion and thus disempowerment. The study also highlights the clinical as well as ethical importance of providing support services for oocyte donors and recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Acharya
- a Ayrshire Fertility Unit , University Hospital Crosshouse , Kilmarnock , Scotland, UK
| | - Louise Bryant
- b Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Maureen Twiddy
- b Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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13
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O'Reilly D, Bowen JM, Perampaladas K, Qureshi R, Xie F, Hughes E. Feasibility of an altruistic sperm donation program in Canada: results from a population-based model. Reprod Health 2017; 14:8. [PMID: 28088240 PMCID: PMC5237486 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-016-0275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stringent donor-screening criteria and legislation prohibiting payment for donor gametes have contributed to the radical decline of donor insemination (DI) using sperm provided by Canadian men. Thus, many individuals rely on imported sperm. This paper examines the feasibility of an altruistic sperm donation (ASD) program to meet the needs of Canadians. METHODS Using Canadian census data, published literature and expert opinions, two population-based, top-down mathematical models were developed to estimate the supply and demand for donor sperm and the feasibility of an ASD program. RESULTS It was estimated that 63 donors would pass Canadian screening criteria, which would provide 1,575 donations. The demand for DI by women was 7,866 samples (4,319 same sex couples, 1,287 single women and 2,260 heterosexual couples). CONCLUSION Considerable effort would be necessary to create the required increase in awareness of the program and change in societal behaviour towards sperm donation for an ASD program to be feasible in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria O'Reilly
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4 K1. .,Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8P 1H1.
| | - James M Bowen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4 K1.,Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8P 1H1
| | - Kuhan Perampaladas
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative, Leslie Dan Pharmacy Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3 M2
| | - Riaz Qureshi
- Masters of Science student of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 3 K7
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4 K1
| | - Edward Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5
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Live birth rates are satisfactory following multiple IVF treatment cycles in poor prognosis patients. Reprod Biol 2016; 17:34-41. [PMID: 27964842 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This seven-year retrospective study analysed the live birth rate (LBR) for women undergoing IVF treatment with various antral follicle counts (AFC). The LBR decreased with lower AFC ratings, and in 290 treatment cycles for women in the poorest AFC category, ≤4 follicles (group E), the LBR was the lowest at 10.7%. The pregnancy loss rate (PLR) significantly increased with poorer AFC categories, from 21.8% in AFC group A (≥20 follicles), to 54.4% in AFC group E (p<0.0001). This trend was repeated with advancing age, from 21.6% for younger women (<35years), to 32.9, 48.5 and 100% for ages 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively (p<0.0001). However, LBR within the specific AFC group E cohort was also age-dependent and decreased significantly from 30.0% for <35 years old, to 13.3, 3.9 and 0% for patients aged 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively. Most, importantly, LBR rates within these age groups were not dependent on the number of IVF attempts (1st, 2nd, 3rd or ≥4 cycles), which indicated that cycle number should not be the primary deciding factor for cessation of IVF treatment in responding women <45years old.
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Afshani SA, Abdoli AM, Hashempour M, Baghbeheshti M, Zolfaghari M. The attitudes of infertile couples towards assisted reproductive techniques in Yazd, Iran: A cross sectional study in 2014. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.12.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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16
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Scully JL, Banks S, Song R, Haq J. Experiences of faith group members using new reproductive and genetic technologies: A qualitative interview study. HUM FERTIL 2016; 20:22-29. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2016.1243816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Leach Scully
- Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences Research Centre, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Banks
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Robert Song
- Department of Theology and Religion, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Jackie Haq
- Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences Research Centre, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Gezinski LB, Karandikar S, Carter J, White M. Exploring Motivations, Awareness of Side Effects, and Attitudes among Potential Egg Donors. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2016; 41:75-83. [PMID: 27263197 PMCID: PMC4888091 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This research study surveyed prospective egg donors at orientation to (a) understand women's motivations to donate eggs, (b) assess awareness and knowledge of egg donation prior to entry into the egg donation program, and (c) explore attitudes toward egg donation. Ninety-two women completed the questionnaire at one fertility clinic located in the Midwest between August 2011 and August 2012. Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as textual analysis were used to analyze the data. Three themes emerged regarding participant motivations: (1) altruistic, (2) financial, and (3) desire to pass on genetic material. The majority of participants were unconcerned with potential physical and psychological side effects; however, differences emerged based on motherhood status and educational level. Although potential donors felt recipients should receive some information about the donor, they tended to value privacy regarding information giving to resultant offspring. This research study has implications for social work practice, policy, and future research. It is crucial that women receive adequate procedural and side effect information prior to engaging in egg donation.
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Hertz R, Nelson MK. Acceptance and Disclosure: Comparing genetic symmetry and genetic asymmetry in heterosexual couples between egg recipients and embryo recipients. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2016; 8:11-22. [PMID: 27822347 PMCID: PMC5096423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the attitudes and experiences of 203 women in heterosexual couples who conceived via donated eggs (145) or donated embryos (58) in the last 5 years. Online surveys were sent to former patients (from many different countries) of a private Spanish clinic. By comparing the women in heterosexual couples who relied on donated eggs with those who relied on donated embryos, we examined the meaning of the absence of a genetic tie to a child in the two different situations - that of "genetic symmetry" where neither parent has a genetic tie to that of "genetic asymmetry" where only the mother does not have a genetic tie. No existing study has yet shown whether women who rely on donated eggs and women who rely on donated embryos have similar or different attitudes towards issues surrounding the experience of non-genetic motherhood. Three issues are discussed: (1) attitudes toward the importance of genetic ties and genetic information from the donor before and after the birth of their children, (2) patterns of disclosure, and (3) the relationship between attitudes toward genetic information and disclosure decisions. This study showed that although the two groups of women have many of the same attitudes, including attitudes toward the importance of genes as determinants of outcomes for the child, egg recipients are more likely than embryo recipients to agree that the genetic origins are important to them and that their children have a right to know genetic information. We also found that those who conceived with donated eggs more frequently disclose the nature of their conception to their child than do those who conceived with donated embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hertz
- Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Department of Sociology, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - MK Nelson
- Middlebury College, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
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Jadva V, Lamba N, Kadam K, Golombok S. Indian egg donors' characteristics, motivations and feelings towards the recipient and resultant child. REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE & SOCIETY ONLINE 2015; 1:98-103. [PMID: 28299366 PMCID: PMC5341288 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine characteristics, motivations and experiences of Indian egg donors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 egg donors who had donated during the previous 8 months at a fertility clinic in Mumbai. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in Hindi and English. In addition to demographic information, data were collected on donors' motivations for donating, with whom they had discussed donation, and feelings towards the recipients. The response rate was 66%. All participants were literate and had attended school. Twenty (80%) egg donors had children and five (20%) did not. The most common motivation (19, 76%) for donating was financial need. Egg donors had discussed their donation with their husband or with close family/friends, with almost all mentioning that wider society would disapprove. The majority (20, 80%) had no information about the recipients and 11 (44%) preferred not to. The findings highlight the similarities and differences between egg donors from India and those from other countries and that egg donors are of a more varied demographic background than surrogates in India. Given that India has been a popular destination for fertility treatment, the findings have important implications for regulation and practice within India and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Jadva
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RF, UK
| | - N. Lamba
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RF, UK
| | - K. Kadam
- Corion Fertility Clinic, Trans Avenue, Lokhandwala Road, Andheri (West), Mumbai–400053, India
| | - S. Golombok
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RF, UK
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Cabry-Goubet R, Lombart M, Scheffler-Garhieni F, Lourdel E, Carette F, Devaux A, Copin H, Benkhalifa M, Merviel P. [Are patients in the postpartum period potential egg donors?]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE & FERTILITE 2014; 42:844-848. [PMID: 25453906 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In France, oocyte donation program is still underdeveloped because of lack of donors and this situation entails an important wave of cross border medical tourism to different European countries mainly Spain and Greece. In 2011, the General inspection of social affairs report recommended to the biomedicine agency to promote spontaneous oocyte donation via different channels of information to develop this national program. The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge of women after baby delivery about oocyte donation. The second objective is the identification of ways to assure better information and to promote oocyte donation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study with anonymous questionnaire distribution to women after delivery at obstetrics/gynecology department of the Regional University Hospital and Maternity-Children Unit "Victor-Pauchet" of Amiens, from December 2012 to January 2013. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-five questionnaires were distributed and 242 of them were analyzed (94.9%). About oocyte donation knowledge: 28% did not know it was possible, 45% did not know it was legal in France, 54% did not know who was concerned and 36% know that a treatment is necessary, 9% think that oocyte donation is paid and 10% it is non-anonymous. If 67% seems to be favorable to this initiative, only 35% could accept to realize it. About information efficiency, 88% think not to receive enough information, 64% would like to have more information. The health care professional wanted to give this information is an obstetrician (51%), a midwife (37%) and a nurse (12%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Oocyte donation program is misoriented due to a lack of information. Obstetricians and midwives have an important educational and informative role to support oocyte donation. Specific strategy of communication and valuable targeted information are needed to motivate potential donor and achieve the objectives of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cabry-Goubet
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France.
| | - M Lombart
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - F Scheffler-Garhieni
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - E Lourdel
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - F Carette
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - A Devaux
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - H Copin
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - M Benkhalifa
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - P Merviel
- Médecine et biologie de la reproduction, cytogénétique et CECOS de Picardie, CHU d'Amiens, 124, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80000 Amiens, France
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Gezinski LB, Karandikar S, Carter JR. The Use of Emotional Imagery and Language in Egg Donation Web Sites. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2012.701174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Daniluk JC, Koert E. Childless Canadian men's and women's childbearing intentions, attitudes towards and willingness to use assisted human reproduction. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2405-12. [PMID: 22684907 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the childbearing intentions of currently childless men and women? What is their attitude towards, and willingness to use, assisted human reproduction (AHR) treatments and family-building options should they be faced with fertility challenges in the future? SUMMARY ANSWER Men and women expect to become parents significantly later in life than they believe is ideal. If faced with future fertility challenges, respondents were open to using IVF, but were not positively predisposed to third-party family-building options. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Delayed childbearing is an increasing worldwide phenomenon that has considerable health and fertility-related implications. Research to date has focused primarily on women, and indicates a lack of knowledge about the fertility life span and the limitations of AHR in fully compensating for age-related fertility declines. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study of 2000 childless women and 599 childless men, conducted between April 2010 and May 2011. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 2599 childless, presumed fertile individuals between the ages of 20 and 50 years. An online questionnaire assessed fertility beliefs and intentions and willingness to use AHR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The findings indicate that men and women expect to become parents significantly later in life than they believe is ideal. If faced with fertility challenges in the future, both men and women were open to using IVF. Men were significantly more willing to consider using donated eggs and embryos, gestational surrogacy and fertility preservation. Women were significantly more willing to consider using home fertility testing, IVF, ICSI and donor sperm. Overall, the childless respondents were not positively predisposed to third party-family-building options. LIMITATIONS The geographic specificity of the sample, the online format and recruitment methods may limit the generalizability of these findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Given the worldwide trend towards delayed childbearing, and the widespread availability of AHR, it is likely that these findings could extend to the wider North American, European and Australasia populations of English- and French-speaking childless men and women. However, it should be noted that international differences exist, especially concerning regulations governing the funding of AHR and payment for gametes and surrogacy. It is significant that women and men in this study indicated a lack of willingness to consider the use of third third-party treatments--the very options they may need to use in building their families, if the increasing trend towards delayed childbearing continues. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This research was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Assisted Human Reproduction Canada #PAH-103594, 2009/10. No competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Daniluk
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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Carter JR, Gezinski LB, Karandikar-Chheda S. A Comprehensive Review of Reproductive Egg Donation Web Sites. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2012.647604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sydsjö G, Lampic C, Brändström S, Gudmundsson J, Karlström PO, Solensten NG, Thurin-Kjellberg A, Svanberg AS. Personality characteristics in a Swedish national sample of identifiable oocyte donors. BJOG 2011; 118:1067-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Laruelle C, Place I, Demeestere I, Englert Y, Delbaere A. Anonymity and secrecy options of recipient couples and donors, and ethnic origin influence in three types of oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:382-90. [PMID: 21149319 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares recipient couples' and donors' motivations towards the type of donation and attitudes concerning secrecy or disclosure of the mode of conception in three oocyte donation groups: couples and their donor for a known donation, couples and their donor for a permuted anonymous donation (known-anonymous) and couples without a donor, on a waiting list for a donation (anonymous). METHODS Data collected by two psychologists through semi-structured interviews of 135 recipient couples and 90 donors before oocyte donation were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS In known donation (42 couples), donors were preferentially family members with a blood tie (54.7%). Choosing their donor seemed mainly for the couple's reassurance rather than to access the child's origins as 50% wanted secrecy. On the other hand, in known-anonymous donation (48 couples), donors were more frequently chosen among friends (41.6%; P = 0.038). These couples were either open to disclosure (45.8%; P = 0.002) or remained hesitant (39.6%). In anonymous donation (45 couples), 49% chose not to seek a donor mostly in order to maintain secrecy towards the child (77.3%). Among the 51% who sought but could not find a donor, only 30.4% wanted secrecy. Recipients from North Africa and from Europe preferred anonymous or known-anonymous donation (83.3 and 75.6%), whereas sub-Saharan Africans opted more often for known donation (63%; P < 0.001). Among Europeans (90 couples), 50% were in favour of disclosure compared with only 8.9% of recipients from North or sub-Saharan Africa (45 couples; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A diversity of attitudes and cultural differences exist among recipient couples and donors regarding oocyte donation; this pleads for maintaining access to different types of oocyte donation as well as for psychological counselling prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laruelle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Clinic, Erasme Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Purewal S, van den Akker O. Attitudes and intention to donate oocytes for research. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:1080-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Purewal S, Vanden Akker O. 'I feel like they were mine and I should be looking after them': an exploration of non-patient women's attitudes towards oocyte donation. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 30:215-22. [PMID: 19883292 DOI: 10.3109/01674820903348732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to qualitatively assess the meaning of oocytes and oocyte donation for treatment and research among non-patient women in the UK using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This study also assessed the application of components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in intentions and attitudes towards oocyte donation. Eight parous and nulliparous women from White and South Asian backgrounds, who reported no fertility problems, were interviewed. Four interrelated super-ordinate themes were identified: (1) oocytes as 'Just a cell' and 'Potential life'; (2) oocyte donation as 'Altruism' and 'Not normal behaviour'; (3) 'Importance of motherhood' and the 'Importance of a genetic link'. Ethnic differences were observed in the final theme (4) which identified the importance of 'Social Support' and 'Reproductive Control' in women's discourses of oocyte donation. Analysis revealed participant's beliefs and thoughts about oocyte donation were complex, interwoven and paradoxical. Previous quantitative studies that have assessed components of the TPB in relation to oocyte donation have failed to identity important alternative explanations of oocyte donation and subtle complexities in attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Purewal
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK.
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Purewal S, van den Akker O. A study of the effect of message framing on oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3136-43. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Daniels K. Anonymity and openness and the recruitment of gamete donors. Part 2: Oocyte donors. HUM FERTIL 2009; 10:223-31. [DOI: 10.1080/14647270701624792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Purewal S, van den Akker O. Systematic review of oocyte donation: investigating attitudes, motivations and experiences. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15:499-515. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zweifel JE, Biaggio B, Schouweiler C, Lindheim SR. Follow-up assessment of excluded oocyte donor candidates. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009; 35:320-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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George K. Women as collateral damage: A critique of egg harvesting for cloning research. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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IVF staff attitudes towards oocyte donation: a multi-centric study from Iran and Turkey. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17 Suppl 3:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Heng BC. Factors influencing the reimbursement rate of egg donation within a competitive free-market system. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15:16-8. [PMID: 17623528 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current situation of oocyte donation in the USA serves as a useful paradigm for a laissez-faire free-market model of egg donor reimbursement, based on supply and demand. There is a rapidly emerging consensus of what would be considered desirable attributes in an egg donor, which would in turn determine her market value in financial reimbursement. First and foremost is the race and ethnicity of the donor. As expected, the shortage of egg donors from some ethnic groups such as East Asians and Jews has resulted in higher reimbursement rates for donors of such ethnicity. Second is the educational attainment of the donor, in particular high scholastic aptitude test scores and degrees from prestigious universities. Third is the employment status and career of the prospective donor. Last, but not least, are the personal esthetics of the egg donor, her physical appearance, from complexion to stature. These can be summarized as the Four Es: ethnicity, education, employment and esthetics, which are somewhat analogous to the Four Cs of diamond price valuation (colour, clarity, carat and cut). Although such an analogy may appear rather superficial, the free-market systems that have evolved in response to a growing demand for these two completely unrelated items are uncannily similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chin Heng
- National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074 Singapore.
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Abstract
Parenting a child is one of the most universal, common and fundamental assumptions the majority of men and women make from an early age about their future. This common and historic assumption was challenged in modernized Western societies in the 1960s with the opportunities for 'mass control' of reproduction and then again supported in the 1980s with the advance of 'mass enhancement' of reproduction. This study qualitatively assessed the meaning of parenthood of post modern British individuals of different ages, gender, cultural backgrounds and parity. The results of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analyses revealed a number of common ideologies about parenthood, and a number of specific age, gender, parity and cultural differences in how individuals interpret and experience parenthood. These individual differences play a significant part in the quality of life of people gaining or losing the opportunity to parent, as has been discussed 'around the globe' by Frank van Balen and his team, and must be considered in counselling people faced with decisions which challenge their personal and universal assumptions to parent a genetically related child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Purewal
- Department of Psychology, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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George K. What about the women? Ethical and policy aspects of egg supply for cloning research. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15:127-33. [PMID: 17697487 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As more and more countries open their doors to human cloning and embryonic stem cell research, scientists will be confronted with one fundamental problem: where will all the eggs come from? The mass harvesting of eggs raises serious issues about women's health, status and well-being. This paper critically examines proposals for ova supply such as altruistic donation, surplus IVF eggs and commercial sale. It questions the meaningfulness of informed consent and the risk-benefit ratio in a climate where powerful economic and social forces increasingly view the risks to women as the necessary trade-off for scientific advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina George
- School of Law, University of Western Sydney, Penrith South DC NSW 1797, Australia.
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