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Polhuis KCMM, Koelen MA, Bouwman LI, Vaandrager L. Qualitative evaluation of a Salutogenic Healthy Eating Programme for Dutch people with type 2 diabetes. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad170. [PMID: 38109459 PMCID: PMC10727492 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The salutogenic model of health (SMH) is a health-promoting theory that focuses on resources, strengths, and coping capacities in everyday life as a way to improve health and wellbeing. The SMH was applied to develop a programme for enabling healthy eating practices among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): the SALUD programme. This study aims to gain insight in how participants with T2DM experienced the content and meaning of the SALUD programme. Three focus groups with participants (six to eight participants/group) that finished the SALUD programme were conducted. The focus groups were video-recorded, transcribed ad verbatim and thematically analysed. The SALUD programme was perceived by the participants as a positive, meaningful learning experience. Key factors why the participants described the programme as positive were that they felt a sense of social-belonging and (emotionally) safe (theme 1). The SALUD programme's positive encouraging approach presented by the coach invited participants to join an active learning process (theme 2). Performing trial-and-error experiments and weekly reflecting on goals is what characterized active learning. The meaningfulness of the learning process (theme 3) was derived from (i) positive self-confrontation; (ii) exploring mind-body connections and perceiving improved health and (iii) noticing positive changes in their social environment (theme 3). To conclude, the study uncovered that the SALUD programme incited a positive, meaningful learning process for healthy eating and the contextual factors important in this. Potential leads to further improve the SALUD programme are discussed in order to maximize the chance of inciting an inclusive, active learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel C M M Polhuis
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria A Koelen
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura I Bouwman
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lenneke Vaandrager
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Polhuis KCMM, van Bennekom E, Bot M, Nefs G, Vaandrager L, Habibovic M, Geleijnse JM, Pouwer F, Soedamah-Muthu SS. Flourishing mental health and lifestyle behaviours in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: results from the Diabetes MILES - The Netherlands Study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 160:110950. [PMID: 35691119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between mental health and lifestyle in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). METHODS Online survey data from the cross-sectional Diabetes MILES - The Netherlands Study was analysed, including 270 adults with T1DM and 325 with T2DM. Mental health status (flourishing, moderate and languishing) in relation to diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking was analysed with ANCOVA and logistic regressions (adjusted for confounders). RESULTS 47% of T1DM-, and 55% of T2DM participants reported flourishing mental health. Due to an insufficient number, participants with languishing mental health were excluded. In T2DM, participants with flourishing mental health had more optimal diet quality (mean ± SEM: 70 ± 1 vs 68 ± 1 diet quality score, p = 0.015), and physical activity levels (mean ± SEM: 3484 ± 269 vs 2404 ± 273 MET minutes/week, p = 0.001) than those with moderate mental health, but did not differ with respect to alcohol consumption and smoking. In T1DM, no significant associations were found. CONCLUSION Only in T2DM, people with flourishing mental health had more optimal lifestyle behaviours compared to people with moderate mental health. Further research is needed to determine if mental health is more important for specific lifestyle behaviours, and if the mental health effect differs across diabetes types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel C M M Polhuis
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Eline van Bennekom
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Giesje Nefs
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Huispost 926, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Diabeter, National Treatment and Research Center for Children, Adolescents and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes, Blaak 6, 3011 TA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lenneke Vaandrager
- Health and Society, Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, P.O. Box 8130, 6707 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirela Habibovic
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, P.O. Box 176700, AA Wageningen, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense (SDCO), Odense Universitetshospital, Kløvervænget 10, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane Whiteknights, RG6 6AR Reading, United Kingdom.
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Polhuis KCMM, Vaandrager L, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Koelen MA. Development of a salutogenic intervention for healthy eating among Dutch type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1694-1704. [PMID: 33667316 PMCID: PMC8827024 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy eating can be challenging for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The theory of salutogenesis, which focuses on the resources required to organize behavioural changes in everyday life, was used to develop an intervention for healthy eating. The aim was to describe the development, structure and content of this salutogenic intervention. The development consisted of two phases that were based on the operationalization of important key principles of salutogenesis. In Phase 1 (Exploration and synthesis), a systematic review and three qualitative studies were performed to explore important characteristics to enable healthy eating in everyday life. The results were used to develop the draft intervention. In Phase 2 (Validation and adjustment), interviews and workshops were conducted with T2DM patients, healthcare providers and scientists. Based on this, the draft intervention was modified into its final form. The developmental process resulted in a 12-week, group-based intervention that aimed to enable important resources for healthy eating via self-examination, reflection, setting goals and sharing experiences. Attention was also paid to disease information, disease acceptance, food literacy, stress management, self-identity and social support. The group sessions began following an individual intake session, with a booster session held 3 months after the intervention. The researcher’s translation of the stakeholders’ priorities into an intervention was corrected for and approved by the stakeholders concerned. This comprehensive salutogenic intervention was developed based on practical and scientific evidence. Providing transparency in developmental processes and content is important because it determines the scientific integrity and credibility of an intervention. Healthy eating can be difficult for people with the disease type 2 diabetes. This article describes how a programme aimed at helping type 2 diabetes patients to eat healthily was developed. The draft version of the programme was based on a theoretical framework that aims to understand what creates health in everyday life, and on conversations with type 2 diabetes patients and healthcare providers. The draft programme was adjusted based on the feedback of type 2 diabetes patients, healthcare providers and scientists. This resulted in a 12-week, group-based programme that enables people to think about who they are and what they want by setting health goals and sharing experiences. Attention was also paid to disease knowledge, disease acceptance, nutritional skills, dealing with stress, self-identity and social support. The group sessions began following an individual intake session, with a booster session held 3 months after the intervention. By involving everybody, we were able to develop a programme that takes into account the preferences, needs and priorities of all stakeholders. It is important to describe the development and the content of programmes encouraging healthy eating to determine their quality and effectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel C M M Polhuis
- Department of Social Sciences, chair group Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lenneke Vaandrager
- Department of Social Sciences, chair group Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CORPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane Whiteknights, RG6 6DZ, Reading, UK
| | - Maria A Koelen
- Department of Social Sciences, chair group Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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