The use of video for patient information and education: A scoping review of the variability and effectiveness of interventions

Identifying Current Barriers in Patient Educational Content Surrounding Rectal Prolapse and Rectocele: Using Animation to Bridge the Gaps

BACKGROUND

Patient-centered educational resources surrounding rectal prolapse and rectocele can be difficult to locate and understand. Findings of video animation as patient-specific material for these conditions can help guide the creation of effective educational tools for patients.

OBJECTIVE

To identify female patient preferences for learning about rectal prolapse and rectocele and to obtain feedback on an animation developed to aid patient education on these conditions.

DESIGN

This was a multiple-methods study. Participants received a 20-question survey about educational preferences and a 100-second video animation on rectal prolapse and rectocele. Respondents were invited for a semistructured interview to further express their thoughts regarding health education.

SETTING

This study was conducted from 2022 to 2023. Surveys were administered via e-mail, and interviews were held virtually.

PATIENTS

Female patients in the institutional review board-approved Stanford Rectal Prolapse Registry were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Assess and describe the ability of short video animations to supplement patient education on rectal prolapse and rectocele.

RESULTS

Forty-six female participants responded and 10 were interviewed. About 97% of participants indicated that the video animation explained the condition clearly and 66% felt comfortable explaining the condition. During feedback, participants recommended showing the animation during the first appointment and creating similar content for surgery preparation. Patient challenges while researching rectal prolapse and rectocele online included difficulty finding content (41.5%), complex language (18.8%), and uncertainty about source reliability (16.9%).

LIMITATIONS

Small sample size with little socioeconomic diversity and highly educated participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient-centered resources surrounding specific pelvic floor disorder(s) are not always readily accessible online. This study demonstrated the value of a short video animation to enhance patients' understanding of rectal prolapse and rectocele. See Video Abstract .

IDENTIFICACIN DE BARRERAS ACTUALES EN EL CONTENIDO EDUCATIVO PARA PACIENTES EN TORNO AL PROLAPSO RECTAL Y RECTOCELE USO DE LA ANIMACIN PARA CERRAR LAS BRECHAS

ANTECEDENTES:Los recursos educativos centrados en el paciente sobre el prolapso rectal y el rectocele pueden ser difíciles de localizar y comprender. Los hallazgos de la animación en vídeo como material específico para estos pacientes pueden ayudar a guiar la creación de herramientas educativas efectivas para los pacientes.OBJETIVO:Identificar las preferencias de las pacientes para aprender sobre el prolapso rectal y el rectocele y obtener retroalimentación sobre una animación desarrollada para ayudar a la educación del paciente sobre estas condiciones.DISEÑO:Este fue un estudio de métodos múltiples. Los participantes recibieron una encuesta de 20 preguntas sobre preferencias educativas y un vídeo de animación de 100 segundos sobre el prolapso rectal y el rectocele. Se invitó a los encuestados que respondieron a una entrevista semiestructurada para expresar sus opiniones sobre la educación sanitaria.ESCENARIO:Este estudio se realizó entre 2022 y 2023, las encuestas se administraron por correo electrónico y las entrevistas se realizaron virtualmente.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron pacientes mujeres en el Registro de Prolapso Rectal de Stanford aprobado por el IRB.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Evaluar y describir la capacidad de animaciones de video corto para complementar la educación del paciente sobre el prolapso rectal y el rectocele.RESULTADOS:Respondieron 46 mujeres participantes y 10 fueron entrevistadas. Alrededor del 97% de los participantes indicaron que la video-animación explicaba la afección con claridad y el 66% se sentía cómoda explicando dicha afección. En los comentarios de retroalimentación sugirieron mostrar la animación durante la primera cita y crear contenido similar para la preparación de la cirugía. Los desafíos de los pacientes al investigar el prolapso rectal y el rectocele en línea incluyeron dificultad para encontrar contenido (41.5%), lenguaje complejo (18.8%) e incertidumbre sobre la confiabilidad de la fuente (16.9%).LIMITACIONES:Tamaño de muestra pequeño con poca diversidad socioeconómica y participantes con alto nivel educativo.CONCLUSIONES:Los recursos centrados en el paciente sobre trastornos específicos del piso pélvico no siempre son fácilmente accesibles en línea. Este estudio demostró el valor de un vídeo de animación breve para mejorar la comprensión de los pacientes sobre el prolapso rectal y el rectocele. (Traducción-Dr. Jorge Silva Velazco ).

Educational video for teaching safe practices in the perioperative period: randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

to assess the effectiveness of an educational video on hospitalized patients' knowledge of safe practices in the perioperative period.

METHOD

randomized, double-blind controlled trial carried out in a teaching hospital in the countryside of Minas Gerais. 100 participants undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery were randomly allocated (50 participants in the experimental group and 50 participants in the control group). Patient knowledge was assessed using a questionnaire constructed by the researchers and validated by specialists, before and after the intervention (educational video) or standard guidelines were applied. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative variables and Student's t-test for independent samples to analyze the mean difference in knowledge between the experimental and control groups (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

100 participants took part in the study, 50 participants in the experimental group and 50 participants in the control group. The experimental group showed a significantly higher gain in knowledge (t =3.72 ±1.84; p<0.001) than the control group. Cohen's d was 1.22, indicating a large magnitude of the effect.

CONCLUSION

the educational video was effective in improving patients' knowledge and can contribute to nurses in the practice of health education, optimizing time and disseminating knowledge about safe practices in the perioperative period. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC): RBR-8x5mfq. (1) Development of a valid patient knowledge assessment questionnaire. (2) Production of a valid educational video on perioperative safety. (3) The final version of the educational video is 7 minutes and 50 seconds long. (4) The educational video was effective in improving patient knowledge. (5) It contributes to patient involvement in safe care.

Usability of Patient Education-Oriented Cataract Surgery Websites

PURPOSE

To assess the web accessibility and readability of patient-oriented educational websites for cataract surgery.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional electronic survey.

PARTICIPANTS

Websites with information dedicated to educating patients about cataract surgery.

METHODS

An incognito search for "cataract surgery" was performed using a popular search engine. The top 100 patient-oriented cataract surgery websites that came up were included and categorized as institutional, private practice, or medical organization according to authorship. Each site was assessed for readability using 4 standardized reading grade-level formulas. Accessibility was assessed through multilingual availability, accessibility menu availability, complementary educational video availability, and conformance and adherence to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. A standard t test and chi-square analysis were performed to assess the significance of differences with regard to readability and accessibility among the 3 authorship categories.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The main outcome measures were the website's average reading grade level, number of accessibility violations, multilingual availability, accessibility menu availability, complementary educational video availability, accessibility conformance level, and violation of the perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR) principles according to the WCAG 2.0.

RESULTS

A total of 32, 55, and 13 sites were affiliated with institutions, private practice, and other medical organizations, respectively. The overall mean reading grade was 11.8 ± 1.6, with higher reading levels observed in private practice websites compared with institutions and medical organizations combined (12.1 vs. 11.4; P = 0.03). Fewer private practice websites had multiple language options compared with institutional and medical organization websites combined (5.5% vs. 20.0%; P = 0.03). More private practice websites had accessibility menus than institutions and medical organizations combined (27.3% vs. 8.9%; P = 0.038). The overall mean number of WCAG 2.0 POUR principle violations was 17.1 ± 23.1 with no significant difference among groups. Eighty-five percent of websites violated the perceivable principle.

CONCLUSIONS

Available patient-oriented online information for cataract surgery may not be comprehensible to the general public. Readability and accessibility aspects should be considered when designing these resources.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)

The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Current usage of explainer animations in trials: a survey of the UKCRC registered clinical trial units in the UK

BACKGROUND

Explainer animations are a means to communicate aspects of clinical trials to participants in a more engaging and accessible way. Delivered well these have the potential to enhance recruitment and retention. The range of media technology used to deliver this material is expanding rapidly but is highly fragmented. Usage of explainer animations across the UK is unknown, the aim of this research was to determine current usage across the 52 registered UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Clinical Trials Units (CTUs) to understand the current landscape and any barriers that could be preventing wider uptake of this functionality.

METHODS

A survey link was emailed to all UKCRC CTU Directors and Trial Management Leads to ascertain current usage of explainer animations within their CTU. The survey ran between 01 February 2023 and 07 March 2023.

RESULTS

Responses were received from 35 CTUs-representing a response rate of 67%. 24 CTUs (69%) reported that they had created/used at least one explainer animation within their unit, although the usage, cost, length and production activities varied among the units.

CONCLUSIONS

The survey showed that a high proportion of the UKCRC CTUs have used explainer animations to provide information to participants about clinical studies. For those not using the technology yet, the most common reasons cited were a lack of expertise, lack of resources and costs to produce them. One of the desired outcomes of this project is the creation of a free-to-use library of animations to encourage wider uptake and avoid duplication.

Effect of digital ocular massage on intraocular pressure and Schlemm's canal dimensions

Digital ocular massage has been reported to temporarily lower intraocular pressure (IOP). This could be related to an enhanced aqueous humor outflow; however, the mechanism is not clearly understood. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the Schlemm's canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) can be imaged and measured. Here, 66 healthy adults underwent digital ocular massage for 10 min in their right eyes. The IOP and dimensions of the SC and TM were measured before and after ocular massage. All subjects demonstrated IOP reduction from 15.7 ± 2.5 mmHg at baseline to 9.6 ± 2.2 mmHg immediately after, and median of 11.6 mmHg 5-min after ocular massage (Friedman's test, p < 0.001). There was significant change in SC area (median 10,063.5 μm2 at baseline to median 10,151.0 μm2 after ocular massage, Wilcoxon test, p = 0.02), and TM thickness (median 149.8 μm at baseline to 144.6 ± 25.3 μm after ocular massage, Wilcoxon test, p = 0.036). One-third of the subjects demonstrated collapse of the SC area (-2 to -52%), while two-thirds showed expansion of the SC area (2 to 168%). There were no significant changes in SC diameter (270.4 ± 84.1 μm vs. 276.5 ± 68.7 μm, paired t-test, p = 0.499), and TM width (733.3 ± 110.1 μm vs. 733.5 ± 111.6 μm, paired t-test, p = 0.988). Eyes with a higher baseline IOP demonstrated a greater IOP reduction (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.521, p < 0.001). Eyes with smaller SC area at baseline showed greater SC area expansion (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.389, p < 0.001). Greater IOP reduction appeared in eyes with greater SC area expansion (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.306, p = 0.01). Association between change in IOP and change in TM thickness was not significant (Spearman's ρ = 0.015, p = 0.902). Simple digital ocular massage is an effective method to lower IOP values, and change in the SC area was significantly associated with IOP changes.

The Effect on Anxiety and Satisfaction of Video-Assisted Education Given Before an ERCP Procedure

Providing education in medical procedures may ensure patients' compliance, reduce anxiety, and increase satisfaction. This randomized controlled research study was conducted to determine the effect of video-assisted education on anxiety and satisfaction given before an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure. A total of 70 patients participated between September 2017 and December 2018. Data were collected with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Visual Analogue Scale. Routine education was given to the control group, while routine education and video-assisted education were given to the intervention group. There was no difference between the state anxiety scores of the groups before the procedure ( p > .05). The state anxiety level of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group after the procedure ( p < .05). There was no significant difference between the trait anxiety scores of groups before and after the procedure ( p > .05). The postprocedure trait anxiety mean score of the intervention group decreased statistically significantly compared with the preprocedure mean score ( p < .05). The mean satisfaction score after the procedure was higher in the intervention group than in the control group ( p < .05). It was determined that video-assisted education decreased state and trait anxiety and increased satisfaction after the procedure.

Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine YouTube videos in Arabic have higher view counts in the Middle East and North Africa than their English versions

PURPOSE

The present study aims to assess the impact of the local language on the view count of patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in an Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in the Middle East and North Africa.

METHODS

An observational study on English and Arabic versions of Aspetar's YouTube channel patient-oriented educational video series was conducted in February 2023, comparing the view count and viewer characteristics. Included videos were posted either simultaneously or in English version first, in both languages, and shared on the same media platforms. Collected data of interest included video title, view count in each language, age and sex of the viewers, location, and traffic source.

RESULTS

Eleven videos of the patient-oriented educational video series were included in the present study. Except for one, the view count was significantly higher in the Arabic version of all 11 videos (minimum sevenfold, P = 0.03). Viewers were predominantly males (73.9%) and between 18 and 44 years old (81.1%). Eleven out of 19 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region [11] were among the viewers' top 20 countries. Traffic sources included YouTube search (45.9%), YouTube suggested videos (17%), external sources (14.4%), YouTube browse features (8.5%), and YouTube advertising (6%).

CONCLUSION

Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in Arabic yield higher view counts than their English version in young adult viewers from 11 countries in the Middle East and Africa among the top 20. Content creation on languages with limited online representation could effectively reach the targeted population by breaking language barriers.

Clinician-Created Video Education for Patients With AF: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance

Patient education is a critical aspect of atrial fibrillation (AF) management. However, there is limited time to provide effective patient education during routine care, and resources available online are of variable quality.

Objective

To determine whether clinician-led creation of video-based AF education is feasible and improves knowledge of AF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted between 2020 and 2022. Outcomes were assessed prior to their clinic visit and 2 and 90 days after the visit by blinded assessors. Participants included adults with AF and congestive heart failure, hypertension, age at least 75 years (doubled), diabetes, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, and sex category scores of 1 or greater presenting for routine care at publicly funded outpatient cardiology clinics within a tertiary teaching hospital. Individuals too unwell to participate or with limited English were excluded. Data were assessed as intention to treat and analyzed from December 2022 to October 2023.

Intervention

Intervention participants viewed a series of 4 videos designed and narrated by clinicians that aimed to improve understanding of AF pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. After viewing the videos, participants received weekly email links to review the videos. The control group received usual care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The prospectively selected primary outcome was AF knowledge at 90 days, measured by the validated Jessa Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire (JAFKQ).

Results

Among 657 individuals screened, 208 adults with AF were randomized (mean [SD] age, 65.0 [12.2] years; 133 [65.2%] male) and included in analysis. Participants were randomized 1-to-1, with 104 participants in the control group and 104 participants in the video intervention group. At 90 days after the baseline clinic visit, intervention participants were more likely to correctly answer JAFKQ questions than control participants (odds ratio [OR], 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.49]). The difference was greater in participants who remotely accessed videos on 3 or more occasions during the study (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.14-1.88]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial of patients with AF, remotely delivered, clinician-created video education improved medium-term AF knowledge beyond usual care of standard in-clinic education. The improvement demonstrated in this study provides support for the implementation of clinician-created educational resources across the care continuum. Further work is needed to assess for impact on clinical outcomes.

Trial Registration

anzctr.org.au Identifier: ANZCTRN12620000729921.

Development of mobile health-based interventions to promote physical activity in patients with head and neck cancer: a qualitative study

Background

Despite the well-grounded benefits of physical activity (PA), poor compliance with the PA guidelines has been reported among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Mobile health (mHealth)-based interventions can help cancer survivors increase their PA levels and increase the reach or efficiency of rehabilitation services. However, there is limited knowledge about the needs and perceptions of HNC patients regarding these interventions. This study explored the perceptions and needs of HNC patients regarding mHealth-based PA programs before developing such interventions to ensure their improved effectiveness.

Study design

A constructivist qualitative study.

Methods

We purposively selected 17 adult HNC patients aged 40-80 years to determine their needs and perceptions of future mHealth-based PA programs. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed via thematic analysis. The report followed the Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research Reports guidelines.

Results

Four themes were analyzed from the interview transcripts regarding the needs and perceptions of mHealth-based PA programs: (1) functionality needs; (2) system usage requirements; (3) social support; and (4) perceived barriers and facilitators. HNC patients expect highly customized and specialized mHealth interventions that consider individual factors, address their concerns about security, network, and cost, and prefer improved comfort. Moreover, they expect to receive support from their healthcare providers, families, and peers.

Conclusion

The study provides pragmatic ready-to-use recommendations to design interventions for inactive HNC patients to achieve the recommended PA levels. Future mHealth interventions should be tailored according to the needs of the HNC patients by utilizing perceived facilitators and removing perceived barriers to help them engage in PA actively.

The use of technology in vaccine safety communication: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

OBJECTIVES

To identify technologies used in vaccine safety communication and evaluate their impact on vaccination intention, uptake, knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of consumers.

METHODS

We searched 6 electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials assessing the impact of using technology in vaccine safety communication. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used to evaluate each study.

RESULTS

We included 22 studies involving 27,109 participants from 8 countries; 15 studies assessed the use of videos and 7 examined innovative technologies. Using videos significantly improved knowledge (n = 3) and participant engagement (n = 2) compared to printed material. Among the innovative technologies, the use of virtual reality, and smartphone applications incorporating social networking or gamification significantly increased vaccination knowledge, confidence, and engagement. The studies showed that narrative messaging increased perceived disease severity (n = 2) and vaccination intention (n = 2).

CONCLUSIONS

While the use of innovative technologies is increasing, videos currently remain the most popular technology for vaccine safety communication. Communication technology, particularly with narrative messaging, improves patient engagement and comprehension.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Health authorities should increase focus on using videos and smartphone applications for vaccine safety communication. Collaboration among stakeholders is essential to develop guidelines on effective message content to complement the technology.

The Longitudinal Effect of a Prechemotherapy Educational Video on the Treatment-Related Anxiety of Women With Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND

Patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer have a multitude of emotions. Although each patient goes through emotional phases differently, these feelings often manifest as anxiety or fear.

OBJECTIVES

The objective is to decrease patient anxiety using a prechemotherapy educational video for newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer.

METHODS

A quantitative comparative design, using repeated measures, was conducted with 27 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy treatment. An educational video was developed and provided as a part of the prechemotherapy education. Anxiety was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System instrument before and two weeks after initiation, at the end of treatment, and three months after chemotherapy administration.

FINDINGS

Anxiety decreased over time, from before chemotherapy started to three months after the chemotherapy treatment was completed.